Federal Register/Vol. 78, No. 156/Tuesday, August 13, 2013
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A Molecular Phylogeny of the Sparidae (Perciformes: Percoidei)
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2000 A molecular phylogeny of the Sparidae (Perciformes: Percoidei) Thomas M. Orrell College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Genetics Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Orrell, Thomas M., "A molecular phylogeny of the Sparidae (Perciformes: Percoidei)" (2000). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539616799. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-x8gj-1114 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from (he original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bieedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Insect Mimicry of Plants Dates Back to the Permian
ARTICLE Received 4 Jul 2016 | Accepted 28 Oct 2016 | Published 20 Dec 2016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13735 OPEN Insect mimicry of plants dates back to the Permian Romain Garrouste1,*, Sylvain Hugel2,*, Lauriane Jacquelin1, Pierre Rostan3, J.-Se´bastien Steyer4, Laure Desutter-Grandcolas1,** & Andre´ Nel1,** In response to predation pressure, some insects have developed spectacular plant mimicry strategies (homomorphy), involving important changes in their morphology. The fossil record of plant mimicry provides clues to the importance of predation pressure in the deep past. Surprisingly, to date, the oldest confirmed records of insect leaf mimicry are Mesozoic. Here we document a crucial step in the story of adaptive responses to predation by describing a leaf-mimicking katydid from the Middle Permian. Our morphometric analysis demonstrates that leaf-mimicking wings of katydids can be morphologically characterized in a non-arbitrary manner and shows that the new genus and species Permotettigonia gallica developed a mimicking pattern of forewings very similar to those of the modern leaf-like katydids. Our finding suggests that predation pressure was already high enough during the Permian to favour investment in leaf mimicry. 1 Institut de Syste´matique, E´volution, Biodiversite´, ISYEB, UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muse´um national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universite´s, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, Entomologie, F-75005, Paris, France. 2 INCI, UPR 3212 CNRS, Universite´ de Strasbourg, 8 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France. 3 Mines and Avenir, Les Albrands, F-05380 Chaˆteauroux Les Alpes, France. 4 Centre de Recherches en Pale´obiodiversite´ et Pale´oenvironnements, UMR 7202—CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muse´um national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universite´s, 8 rue Buffon, CP 38, F-75005 Paris, France. -
1/9/2015 1 G Phylum Chordata Characteristics – May Be With
1/9/2015 Vertebrate Evolution Z Phylum Chordata characteristics – may be with organism its entire life or only during a certain developmental stage 1. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 2. Flexible supportive rod (notochord) running along dorsum just ventral to nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal slits or pouches 4. A tail at some point in development Z Phylum Chordata has 3 subphyla W Urochordata – tunicates Z Adults are sessile marine animals with gill slits Z Larvae are free-swimming and possess notochord and nerve cord in muscular tail Z Tail is reabsorbed when larvae transforms into an adult 1 1 1/9/2015 W Cephalochordata –lancelets Z Small marine animals that live in sand in shallow water Z Retains gill slits, notochord, and nerve cord thru life W Vertebrata – chordates with a “backbone” Z Persistent notochord, or vertebral column of bone or cartilage Z All possess a cranium Z All embryos pass thru a stage when pharyngeal pouches are present Lamprey ammocoete 2 2 1/9/2015 Jawless Fish Hagfish Lamprey Vertebrate Evolution 1. Tunicate larvae 2. Lancelet 3. Larval lamprey (ammocoete) and jawless fishes 4. Jaw development from anterior pharyngeal arches – capture and ingestion of more food sources 5. Paired fin evolution A. Eventually leads to tetrapod limbs B. Fin spine theory – spiny sharks (acanthodians) had up to 7 pairs of spines along trunk and these may have led to front and rear paired fins 3 3 1/9/2015 Z Emergence onto land W Extinct lobe-finned fishes called rhipidistians seem to be the most likely tetrapod ancestor Z Similar to modern lungfish -
Fishery Conservation and Management Pt. 622, App. A
Fishery Conservation and Management Pt. 622, App. A vessel's unsorted catch of Gulf reef to complete prohibition), and seasonal fish: or area closures. (1) The requirement for a valid com- (g) South Atlantic golden crab. MSY, mercial vessel permit for Gulf reef fish ABC, TAC, quotas (including quotas in order to sell Gulf reef fish. equal to zero), trip limits, minimum (2) Minimum size limits for Gulf reef sizes, gear regulations and restrictions, fish. permit requirements, seasonal or area (3) Bag limits for Gulf reef fish. closures, time frame for recovery of (4) The prohibition on sale of Gulf golden crab if overfished, fishing year reef fish after a quota closure. (adjustment not to exceed 2 months), (b) Other provisions of this part not- observer requirements, and authority withstanding, a dealer in a Gulf state for the RD to close the fishery when a is exempt from the requirement for a quota is reached or is projected to be dealer permit for Gulf reef fish to re- reached. ceive Gulf reef fish harvested from the (h) South Atlantic shrimp. Certified Gulf EEZ by a vessel in the Gulf BRDs and BRD specifications. groundfish trawl fishery. [61 FR 34934, July 3, 1996, as amended at 61 FR 43960, Aug. 27, 1996; 62 FR 13988, Mar. 25, § 622.48 Adjustment of management 1997; 62 FR 18539, Apr. 16, 1997] measures. In accordance with the framework APPENDIX A TO PART 622ÐSPECIES procedures of the applicable FMPs, the TABLES RD may establish or modify the follow- TABLE 1 OF APPENDIX A TO PART 622Ð ing management measures: CARIBBEAN CORAL REEF RESOURCES (a) Caribbean coral reef resources. -
Fossils in Oregon: a Collection of Reprints
BULLETIN 92 FOSSILS IN OREGON A.: C.P L l EC T1 0 N 0 F R-EPR l N T S F..«OM lft� Ol£ Bl N STATE OF OREGON DE PARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES 1069 State Office Building, Portland, Oregon 97201 BULLETIN 92 FOSSILS IN OREGON A COLLECTION OF REPRINTS FROM THE ORE BIN Margaret L. Steere, Editor 1977 GOVERNING BOARD R . W. deWeese, Chairman Portland STATE GEOLOGIST Leeanne Mac Co 11 Portland Ralph S. Mason Robert W. Doty Talent PALEONTOLOGICAL TIME CHART FOR OREGON ERA I PERIOD EPOCH CHARACTERISTIC PLANTS AND ANIMALS AGE* HOLOCENE Plant and animal remains: unfossilized. ".11- Mastodons and giant beavers in Willamette Valley. PLEISTOCENE Camels and horses in grasslands east of Cascade Range. >- Fresh-water fish in pl�vial lakes of south-central Oregon. <("" z: ?-3- LU"" Sea shell animals along Curry County coast. >-- <( Horses, camels, antelopes, bears, and mastodons in grass- ::::> 0' PLIOCENE lands and swamps east of Cascade Range. Oaks, maples, willows in Sandy River valley and rhe Dalles area. 12- Sea shell animals, fish, whales, sea lions in coastal bays. Horses ( Merychippus ) , camels, Creodonts, rodents in John u MIOCENE Day valley. � 0 Forests of Metasequoia, ginkgo, sycamore, oak, and sweet N 0 gum in eastern and western Oregon. z: LU u 26- Abundant and varied shell animals in warm seas occupying Willamette Valley. >- "" OLIGOCENE Three-toed horses, camels, giant pigs, saber-tooth cats, Creodonts, tapirs, rhinos in centra Oregon. ;:;>-- 1 Forests of Metasequoia, ginkgo, sycamore, Katsura. LU"" >-- 37- Tiny four-toed horses, rhinos, tapirs, crocodiles, and Brontotherium in central Oregon. -
Fiftee N Vertebrate Beginnings the Chordates
Hickman−Roberts−Larson: 15. Vertebrate Beginnings: Text © The McGraw−Hill Animal Diversity, Third The Chordates Companies, 2002 Edition 15 chapter •••••• fifteen Vertebrate Beginnings The Chordates It’s a Long Way from Amphioxus Along the more southern coasts of North America, half buried in sand on the seafloor,lives a small fishlike translucent animal quietly filtering organic particles from seawater.Inconspicuous, of no commercial value and largely unknown, this creature is nonetheless one of the famous animals of classical zoology.It is amphioxus, an animal that wonderfully exhibits the four distinctive hallmarks of the phylum Chordata—(1) dorsal, tubular nerve cord overlying (2) a supportive notochord, (3) pharyngeal slits for filter feeding, and (4) a postanal tail for propulsion—all wrapped up in one creature with textbook simplicity. Amphioxus is an animal that might have been designed by a zoologist for the classroom. During the nineteenth century,with inter- est in vertebrate ancestry running high, amphioxus was considered by many to resemble closely the direct ancestor of the vertebrates. Its exalted position was later acknowledged by Philip Pope in a poem sung to the tune of “Tipperary.”It ends with the refrain: It’s a long way from amphioxus It’s a long way to us, It’s a long way from amphioxus To the meanest human cuss. Well,it’s good-bye to fins and gill slits And it’s welcome lungs and hair, It’s a long, long way from amphioxus But we all came from there. But amphioxus’place in the sun was not to endure.For one thing,amphioxus lacks one of the most important of vertebrate charac- teristics,a distinct head with special sense organs and the equipment for shifting to an active predatory mode of life. -
The Early Origin of Feathers
Trends in Ecology & Evolution Review The Early Origin of Feathers Michael J. Benton,1,* Danielle Dhouailly,2 Baoyu Jiang,3 and Maria McNamara4 Feathers have long been regarded as the innovation that drove the success of Highlights birds. However, feathers have been reported from close dinosaurian relatives of Feathers are epidermal appendages birds, and now from ornithischian dinosaurs and pterosaurs, the cousins of dino- comprising mostly corneous β-proteins saurs. Incomplete preservation makes these reports controversial. If true, these (formerly β-keratins), and are characteris- tic of birds today. findings shift the origin of feathers back 80 million years before the origin of birds. Gene regulatory networks show the deep homology of scales, feathers, and hairs. There are close connections in terms of Hair and feathers likely evolved in the Early Triassic ancestors of mammals and genomic regulation between numerous birds, at a time when synapsids and archosaurs show independent evidence of regularly arrayed structures in the epider- mis, including denticles in sharks, dermal higher metabolic rates (erect gait and endothermy), as part of a major resetting of scales in teleost fish, epidermal scales in terrestrial ecosystems following the devastating end-Permian mass extinction. reptiles, feathers in birds, and hairs in mammals. Early Origin of Feathers The discovery that genes specifictothe It is shocking to realise that feathers originated long before birds because feathers have generally production of feathers evolved at the – base of Archosauria rather than the been regarded as the key avian innovation [1 4]. However, thousands of astonishing fossils from base of Aves or Avialae (birds) is China have shown that many nonavian dinosaurs (see Glossary) also had feathers, including matched by fossil evidence that feathers feather types not found in birds today. -
Isopods (Isopoda: Aegidae, Cymothoidae, Gnathiidae) Associated with Venezuelan Marine Fishes (Elasmobranchii, Actinopterygii)
Isopods (Isopoda: Aegidae, Cymothoidae, Gnathiidae) associated with Venezuelan marine fishes (Elasmobranchii, Actinopterygii) Lucy Bunkley-Williams,1 Ernest H. Williams, Jr.2 & Abul K.M. Bashirullah3 1 Caribbean Aquatic Animal Health Project, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 9012, Mayagüez, PR 00861, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 908, Lajas, Puerto Rico 00667, USA; ewil- [email protected] 3 Instituto Oceanografico de Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná, Venezuela. Author for Correspondence: LBW, address as above. Telephone: 1 (787) 832-4040 x 3900 or 265-3837 (Administrative Office), x 3936, 3937 (Research Labs), x 3929 (Office); Fax: 1-787-834-3673; [email protected] Received 01-VI-2006. Corrected 02-X-2006. Accepted 13-X-2006. Abstract: The parasitic isopod fauna of fishes in the southern Caribbean is poorly known. In examinations of 12 639 specimens of 187 species of Venezuelan fishes, the authors found 10 species in three families of isopods (Gnathiids, Gnathia spp. from Diplectrum radiale*, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus*, Orthopristis ruber* and Trachinotus carolinus*; two aegids, Rocinela signata from Dasyatis guttata*, H. cruentatus*, Haemulon auro- lineatum*, H. steindachneri* and O. ruber; and Rocinela sp. from Epinephelus flavolimbatus*; five cymothoids: Anilocra haemuli from Haemulon boschmae*, H. flavolineatum* and H. steindachneri*; Anilocra cf haemuli from Heteropriacanthus cruentatus*; Haemulon bonariense*, O. ruber*, Cymothoa excisa in H. cruentatus*; Cymothoa oestrum in Chloroscombrus chrysurus, H. cruentatus* and Priacanthus arenatus; Cymothoa sp. in O. ruber; Livoneca sp. from H. cruentatus*; and Nerocila fluviatilis from H. cruentatus* and P. arenatus*). The Rocinela sp. and A. -
Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Calamus Proridens the Littlehead Porgy, from the Northeast Gulf of Mexico Amanda J
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholar Commons | University of South Florida Research University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 5-29-2009 Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Calamus proridens the Littlehead Porgy, from the Northeast Gulf of Mexico Amanda J. Tyler-Jedlund University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Tyler-Jedlund, Amanda J., "Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Calamus proridens the Littlehead Porgy, from the Northeast Gulf of Mexico" (2009). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/59 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Calamus proridens the Littlehead Porgy, from the Northeast Gulf of Mexico by Amanda J. Tyler-Jedlund A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science College of Marine Science University of South Florida Major Professor: Joseph J. Torres, Ph.D. David A Mann, Ph.D. James A. Colvocoresses Ph. D. Date of Approval: May 29, 2009 Keywords: life history, protogynous hermaphrodite, Florida, otoliths, fishery © Copyright 2009, Amanda J. Tyler-Jedlund Acknowledgements I would like to thank my committee, Joseph Torres, David Mann, and Jim Colvocoresses, for their support during this study and their critical review of this manuscript. -
SPARIDAE Sargos, Plumas Porgies
SPARIDAE SPARIDAE sargos, plumas porgies Calamus penna, pluma manchada – Siete barras oscuras Calamus penna, sheepshead porgy – Seven diagonal dark bars diagonales sobre un fondo plateado; una barra pardo oscuro on silver background color; a dark brown bar running from eye que va desde el ojo a la comisura de la boca; una mancha negra to rictus of mouth; a small black spot at upper base of pectoral pequeña en la parte superior de la base de la aleta pectoral. fin. Pectoral-fin rays usually 15. Radios de la aleta pectoral usualmente 15 (Jordan & Evermann 1900). Calamus bajonado, jolthead porgy – Color silvery or brassy; front of head brown, with a blue line under lower eye margin; Calamus bajonado, pluma – Color plata o bronceado; frente white stripes between eye and mouth. Pectoral-fin rays usu- de la cabeza color pardo, con una línea azul debajo del mar- ally 15. gen inferior del ojo; franjas blancas entre el ojo y la boca. Radios de la aleta pectoral usualmente 15 (Evermann & Marsh Calamus pennulata, pluma porgy – Color silvery, a con- 1900). spicuous blue blotch behind eye crossing the upper gill slit. Pectoral-fin rays usually 14; anal fin usually with 10 soft rays Calamus pennulata, pluma del Caribe – Color plateado, una (rarely 9 or 11). mancha azul conspicua detrás del ojo cruzando la parte supe- rior del opérculo. Radios de la aleta pectoral usualmente 14; Calamus calamus, saucereye porgy – Color silvery, a blue line aleta anal usualmente con 10 radios suaves (raramente 9 u 11) below eye and blue spot at upper base of pectoral fin. -
Age, Growth, Mortality and Reproductive Seasonality of Jolthead Porgy, Calamus Bajonado, from Florida Waters
Age, growth, mortality and reproductive seasonality of jolthead porgy, Calamus bajonado, from Florida waters Michael L. Burton*, Jennifer C. Potts*, Jordan Page and Ariel Poholek National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort Laboratory, Beaufort, NC, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Ages of jolthead porgy (Calamus bajonado Schneider 1801) (n D 635) from Florida commercial and recreational fisheries from 2008–2016 were determined using sec- tioned sagittal otoliths. We determined, using edge-type analysis, that opaque zones were annular, forming March–June (peaking in April). Jolthead porgy ranged from 1–13 years, and the largest fish measured 680 mm TL (total length, mm). Body size relationships for jolthead porgy were TL D 1:09FL C 20:44 (n D 622, r2 D 0:99), FL D 0:90 TL –14.26 (n D 622, r2 D 0:99), and W D 1:1×10−5 TL3.06 (n D 577), where W is total weight (grams, g) and FL is fork length (mm). The von Bertalanffy growth −0:14(tC2:02) equation for jolthead porgy was Lt D 737(1−e )(n D 635). Point estimate of natural mortality was M D 0:32, while age-specific estimates of M ranged from 0.58–0.17 y−1 for ages 1–13. Catch curve analysis estimated the instantaneous rate of total mortality Z D 0:70, while instantaneous rate of fishing mortality F was 0.38. Macroscopic staging of female gonads indicated the presence of hydrated oocytes from December–March, and GSI data indicates that peak spawning in females occurs during March. -
Age, Growth, and Natural Mortality of Whitebone Porgy, Calamus Leucosteus, from the Southeastern United States
Aquatic Science and Technology ISSN 2168-9148 2021, Vol. 9, No. 2 Age, Growth, and Natural Mortality of Whitebone Porgy, Calamus Leucosteus, From the Southeastern United States Michael L. Burton (Corresponding Author) National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort Laboratory, Beaufort NC USA 28516 Jennifer C. Potts National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort Laboratory, Beaufort NC USA 28516 Ariel Poholek National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort Laboratory, Beaufort NC USA 28516 Jordan Page National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort Laboratory, Beaufort NC USA 28516 Dalton Knight Riverside Technology, Inc., NOAA Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC USA 28516 Received: January 11, 2020 Accepted: March 9, 2021 Published: March 25, 2021 doi:10.5296/ast.v9i2.16220 URL: https://doi.org/10.5296/ast.v9i2.16220 22 Aquatic Science and Technology ISSN 2168-9148 2021, Vol. 9, No. 2 Abstract Ages of whitebone porgy (Calamus leucosteus) (n = 559) from southeastern U. S. commercial and recreational fisheries from 1975 – 2017 were determined using sectioned otoliths. Opaque zones were annular, forming April – July (peaking in June). Ages ranged from 2 – 19 years, and the largest fish measured 513 mm TL (total length, mm). Body size relationships were: TL = 1.09 FL + 16.07 (n = 469, r2 = 0.97), FL = 0.89 TL – 6.39 (n= 469, r2 = 0.97), W = 2.8 x 10-5 TL2.91 (n = 462), and W = 6.8 x 10-5 FL2.82 (n = 417) where W is total weight (grams, g) and FL is fork length (mm).