Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 1791–1992 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF D. Peter Drotman Managing Senior Editor EDITORIAL BOARD Polyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Dennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom Senior Associate Editor Timothy Barrett, Atlanta, GA, USA Brian W.J. Mahy, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, UK Barry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Martin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USA Associate Editors Sharon Bloom, Atlanta, GA, USA Paul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Christopher Braden, Atlanta, GA, USA Charles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Mary Brandt, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Ermias Belay, Atlanta, GA, USA Arturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USA David Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Kenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Corrie Brown, Athens, Georgia, USA Louisa Chapman, Atlanta, GA, USA Charles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA Thomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USA Michel Drancourt, Marseille, France Vincent Deubel, Shanghai, China Paul V. Effl er, Perth, Australia Ed Eitzen, Washington, DC, USA David Freedman, Birmingham, AL, USA Daniel Feikin, Baltimore, MD, USA Peter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, GA, USA Anthony Fiore, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Stephen Hadler, Atlanta, GA, USA Kathleen Gensheimer, Cambridge, MA, USA Nina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Duane J. Gubler, Singapore Martin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA David Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Scott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USA J. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USA David L. Heymann, London, UK Patrice Nordmann, Paris, France Charles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Tanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Keith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Didier Raoult, Marseille, France Takeshi Kurata, Tokyo, Japan Pierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USA S.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Ronald M. Rosenberg, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA Stuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Dixie E. Snider, Atlanta, Georgia, USA John S. MacKenzie, Perth, Australia Frank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USA Marian McDonald, Atlanta, Georgia, USA David Walker, Galveston, Texas, USA John E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USA J. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Tom Marrie, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Henrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark Philip P. Mortimer, London, United Kingdom Fred A. Murphy, Galveston, Texas, USA Founding Editor Barbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USA Joseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA P. Keith Murray, Geelong, Australia Copy Editors Claudia Chesley, Karen Foster, Thomas Gryczan, Stephen M. Ostroff, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA Nancy Mannikko, Beverly Merritt, Carol Snarey, P. Lynne Stockton, David H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USA Caran R. Wilbanks Richard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Gabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina Production Carrie Huntington, Ann Jordan, Shannon O’Connor, Mario Raviglione, Geneva, Switzerland Reginald Tucker David Relman, Palo Alto, California, USA Editorial Assistant Christina Dzikowski Connie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USA Tom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USA Social Media Sarah Logan Gregory Ira Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USA Intern Kylie L. Gregory Tom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Emerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the Centers for Disease Bonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, Rosemary Soave, New York, New York, USA USA. Telephone 404-639-1960, fax 404-639-1954, email [email protected]. P. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Robert Swanepoel, Pretoria, South Africa The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not neces- sarily refl ect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or Phillip Tarr, St. Louis, Missouri, USA the institutions with which the authors are affi liated. Timothy Tucker, Cape Town, South Africa All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public do- Elaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USA main and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, John Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USA however, is required. Mary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Use of trade names is for identifi cation only and does not imply endorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human ∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets the requirements Services. of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 17, No. 10, October 2011 October 2011 On the Cover Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669) People’s Republic of China, Aristotle with a Bust of Homer 2007–2009..................................................1831 (1653) Oil on canvas G.X. He et al. (143.5 cm × 136.5 cm). Early detection, effective treatment, and infection The Metropolitan Museum of Art, control measures are needed to reduce transmission. New York, NY Bacterial Causes of Empyema in About the Cover p. 1985 Children, Australia, 2007–2009 ................1839 R.E. Strachan et al. Most cases were caused by non–7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes. Perspective Global Spread of Carbapenemase- producing Enterobacteriaceae ................1791 Azole Resistance in Aspergillus P. Nordmann et al. fumigatus, the Netherlands, These resistance traits have been identifi ed among 2007–2009..................................................1846 nosocomial and community-acquired infections. J.W.M. van der Linden et al. Antifungal drug resistance is associated with high death rates among patients with invasive Research aspergillosis. Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria in Humans and Macaques, Thailand.......1799 S. Jongwutiwes et al. Invasive Mold Infections in This parasite may be transmitted from macaques to p. 1866 Transplant Recipients, United States, humans. 2001–2006..................................................1855 B.J. Park et al. Oseltamivir-Resistant Pandemic Non–Aspergillus mold infections increased (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection in England substantially during the surveillance period. and Scotland, 2009–2010 .........................1807 L. Calatayud et al. Monitoring of antiviral resistance is strongly Dispatches recommended for immunocompromised patients. 1865 Rickettsia honei Infection in Human, p. 1874 Nepal, 2009 Humans Infected with H. Murphy et al. Relapsing Fever Spirochete 1868 Outbreak of West Nile Virus Infection in Borrelia miyamotoi, Russia .....................1816 Greece, 2010 A.E. Platonov et al. K. Danis et al. Disease may occur throughout the world because of 1873 Tembusu Virus in Ducks, China the widespread prevalence of this pathogen in ixodid Z. Cao et al. ticks. 1876 Novel Amdovirus in Gray Foxes L. Li et al. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 among 1879 Bacteremia and Antimicrobial Drug Quarantined Close Contacts, Beijing, Resistance, Ghana People’s Republic of China .....................1824 U. Groß et al. X. Pang et al. 1883 Isolation and Phylogenetic Grouping of The attack rate was low; major risk factors were Equine Encephalosis Virus in Israel having contact with an ill household member and K. Aharonson-Raz et al. younger age. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 17, No. 10, October 2011 1887 Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cyclospora cayetanensis, Henan, China Y. Zhou et al. October 2011 1891 Yellow Fever Virus Vaccine–associated Deaths in Young Women 1954 Placental Transmission of Human S.J. Seligman Parvovirus 4 in Newborns with Hydrops, Taiwan 1894 Unexpected Rift Valley Fever Outbreak, M.-Y. Chen et al. Northern Mauritania A.B.O. El Mamy et al. 1897 Seroconversion to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Letters Virus and Cross-Reactive Immunity to 1957 Shiga Toxin–producing Escherichia coli Other Swine Infl uenza Viruses O104:H4 Strains from Italy and Germany R.A.P.M. Perera et al. 1958 Complicated Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 during 1900 Plasmodium knowlesi Infection in Humans, Pregnancy, Taiwan Cambodia, 2007–2010 N. Khim et al. 1960 Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Seasonal Infl uenza A (H3N2) in Children’s Hospital, 1903 Equine Piroplasmosis Associated with Australia Amblyomma cajennense Ticks, Texas G.A. Scoles et al. 1962 Global Health Security in an Era of Global Health Threats 1906 Timeliness of Surveillance during Outbreak p. 1888 of Shiga Toxin–producing Escherichia coli 1963 Use of Workplace Absenteeism Infection, Germany, 2011 Surveillance Data for Outbreak Detection M. Altmann et al. 1964 Zoonotic Ascariasis, United Kingdom 1910 Global Distribution of Shigella sonnei 1966 Early Failure of Antiretroviral Therapy in Clones HIV-1–infected Eritrean Immigrant I. Filliol-Toutain et al. 1968 Diagnosis of Rickettsioses from Eschar 1913 Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, KwaZulu- Swab Samples, Algeria Natal, South Africa, 2001–2007 1970 Livestock-associated MRSA ST398 K. Wallengren et al. Infection in Woman, Colombia 1917 Antimicrobial Ointments and Methicillin- 1971 Granulicatella adiacens and Early Onset Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Sepsis in Neonate M. Suzuki et al. 1973 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis with Severe 1921 Novel Arenavirus, Zambia p. 1895 Manifestations, Missouri A. Ishii et al. 1975 Sporotrichosis Caused by Sporothrix 1925 Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Encephalitis in mexicana, Portugal Woman, Taiwan A. Cheng et al. 1976 Swinepox Virus Outbreak, Brazil, 2011 1928 Household Transmission of Pandemic 1978 Plasmodium vivax Seroprevalence in Bred (H1N1) 2009 Virus, Taiwan Cynomolgus Monkeys, China L.-Y. Chang et