Abaya Di Uni Emirat Arab Pasca Oil Booming Ii (2000-2010)

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Abaya Di Uni Emirat Arab Pasca Oil Booming Ii (2000-2010) PAKAIAN, NEGARA, DAN IDENTITAS: ABAYA DI UNI EMIRAT ARAB PASCA OIL BOOMING II (2000-2010) Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S. Hum.) Oleh Alfida Marifatullah NIM: 1113022000015 PROGRAM STUDI SEJARAH DAN PERADABAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1439 H/2017 M LEPIBAR PERNYATAAN 17 Juli 2017 Alflda Ⅳlarifatullah PAKAIAN, NEGARA, DAN IDENTITAS: ARAYA DI T]II.I EMIRAT ARAB PASCA OrL BOOMTNG rr (2000-2010) Skripsi Diajukan untuk Mernenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Humaniora (S. Hum.) Oleh: Alflda Marifatullah NIRI:1113022000015 Pembimbing / Dr.Awalia Rahman MA NIP:19710621.200112.2.001 PROGtt STUDISEJ」 姐L姐圧DAN PERADABAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ADAB DAN IⅡ ЛttANIORA IIINIVERSITAS ISL劇 NEGERISYARIF IIIDAYATULLAⅡ J2姐KARTA 1439H/2017 LEⅣIBAR PENGESAHAN Skl・ ipsi bcttudul PAKAIAN,NEGARA,DAN IDENTITAS:ABAYA DI UNI 石 EMIRAT ARAB PASCA OILBOθ出 GⅡ (2000… 2010)telah di司 ikan dalam sidang shripsi Fakultas Adab dan Hmaniora Universitas lslam Ncgcri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada 25 Scptcmbcr 2017. Sklipsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sttana Hllmaniora(S.Huln.)pada Progralln Studi Saarah dan Perttaban lslam. Ciputat, 25 September 2017 Sidang Skripsi Ketua Merangkap Anggota, Sekretaris Merangkap Anggota, Ⅱo Nurhasan,Ⅳ 124. tus Sa'diyah, M. Pd. NIP:196907241997031001 197504172005012007 Anggota, Penguji I, Penguji II, Dro Saiful Umam,MA. Dro Sai Derlni, MA. NIP:196712081993031002 NIP:195 1992031001 Dr.AL、valia Rahma,Ⅳ IA. NIP:197106212001122001 KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillahi rabbil alamin, segala puji syukur penulis haturkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan segala macam nikmat dan rahmat-Nya. Shalawat serta salam senantiasa selalu tercurahkan pada Nabi Muhammad SAW serta keluarga, sahabat, dan seluruh pengikutnya. Amiin Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan studi dan mendapat gelar Strata Satu (S1) di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta adalah membuat karya tulis ilmiah dalam bentuk skripsi. Dalam rangka itulah penulis menyusun skripsi ini dengan judul : “Pakaian, Negara, dan Identitas: Abaya Di Uni Emirat Arab Pasca Oil Booming II (2000-2010)”. Jakarta, 17 Juli 2017 Penulis, Alfida Marifatullah iv UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH Tentunya dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini penulis tidak hanya berhasil sendirian saja namun banyak pihak yang telah berpartisipasi dalam selesainya skripsi ini baik bersifat moril ataupun materil, maka dengan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih serta penghargannya atas dorongan dan kerja samanya kepada penulis untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Rasa terima kasih dan penghargaan yang begitu besar penulis sampaikan kepada: 1. Kedua orang tua yaitu Mama Arlinda Septarina dan Papa Juawaidin (alm.) tercinta yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan perhatian serta kasih sayang tiada hentinya kepada penulis, sehingga penulis dapat termotivasi hingga bisa menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 2. Dr. H. Abdul Chair, selaku Dosen Pembimbing Akademik, Bapak H. Nurhasan, MA Ketua Jurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam serta Ibu Sholikatus Sa’diyah, M. Pd. selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Ibu Dr. Awalia Rahma, MA selaku Dosen Pembimbing yang telah membimbing dengan sepenuh hati sehingga skripsi ini selesai dengan tepat waktu. 4. Bapak Dr. Saiful Umam dan Bapak Dr. H. Saidun Derani selaku Dosen Penguji skripsi yang telah memperbaiki isi skripsi penulis menjadi lebih baik. 5. Kepada seluruh Dekanat dan Dosen Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada penulis selama menjadi mahasiswa aktif di Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. 6. Adik-adik penulis, Jihad Ulhaq Alhakim dan Jiran Anis Matta yang selalu memberikan semangat kepada penulis. 7. Keluarga Besar Kakek Somad yang telah memberikan dukungan yang luar biasa kepada penulis sehingga penulis termotivasi menyelesaikan skripsinya. 8. Dewi Khoirunnisa dan Rahmania Nammas selaku sahabat terdekat penulis yang selalu memberikan dukungannya terhadap penulis. 9. Anggraeni Abdul dan Karlinda Rahma selaku teman sekamar penulis yang senantiasa menemani hari-hari penulis selama dua tahun terakhir. v vi 10. Avikisia dan Syakhril yang telah mau menjadi tempat tumpangan selama penulis pulang pergi kampus-rumah. 11. Seluruh kawan di Jurusan Sejarah dan Peradaban Islam khususnya angkatan 2013, Karlinda Rahma Syahida, Siti Durrotul Goliyah, Sania Qulkarni, Izmi Syahidah, Yunita Sari, Elis Khairunnisa, Putri Inggita, Sunnah Khairuni’mah, Ilham Edlian, Burhanuddin Muhammad, Lukman Hadi dan masih banyak lagi. Senior-senior juga para junior Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam atas segala bantuannya selama ini. 12. Kawan-kawan Kuliah Kerja Nyata Kebangsaan Desa Sebong Pereh, Kepulauan Riau; Hajrawati, Whike, Umi, Akak Fatihah, Dina, Hanifah, Kak Rinda, Geo, Rizki, Ricky,Yogi, Andy, Bang Opan, dan Dang Julirin, dan kawan-kawan Kuliah Kerja Nyata Kebangsaan UIN Syarif Hidayatullah terima kasih atas pengalaman dan ilmunya selama ini dan juga dukungannya. 13. Terima kasih untuk semua teman-teman antar fakultas dan universitas yang telah membantu dan mendukung penulis dalam proses pengerjaan skripsi. Penyusunan skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh sebab itu penulis berharap ada tegur sapa untuk penyempurnaan karya ini sangat bermanfaat untuk orang banyak sebagai bahan bacaan dan refrensi. Jakarta, 17 Juli 2017 Penulis, Alfida Marifatullah ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas abaya di Uni Emirat Arab tahun 2000-2010. Abaya merupakan pakaian tradisional yang umum dipakai di wilayah Arab sehingga menjadi sebuah identitas masyarakat Arab. Pada penelitian terdahulu seperti karya Shimek (2012) menjelaskan bahwa abaya tidak hanya sebagai identitas agama tapi juga sebagai identitas di era globalisasi karena digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Lesher (2011) menjelaskan secara umum bahwa abaya mengalami perubahan di berbagai aspek setelah munculnya minyak dan menjelaskan bahwa abaya merupakan sebuah identitas nasional. Lindholm (2014) menjelaskan tentang pertumbuhan industri fashion di Uni Emirat Arab setelah Oil Booming II dengan abaya sebagai contohnya. Berdasarkan penelitian yang ada sebelumnya, maka pada penelitian kali ini akan membahas hal yang berbeda dari penelitian yang telah ada yakni membahas secara detail gabungan antara perubahan abaya yang disebabkan oil booming dengan abaya yang menjadi identitas sejak sebelum dan sesudah oil booming baik pertama ataupun kedua. Berdasarkan penelitian yang ada sebelumnya terdapat pertanyaan yang akan dijawab dalam penelitian ini yaitu, bagaimana abaya bisa menjadi identitas perempuan dan identitas nasional di Uni Emirat Arab setelah oil booming II? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan sejarah sosial budaya yang menggunakan teori keseharian Ludtke dan teori fashion Entwistle. Temuan penelitian ini adalah pertama, abaya sudah menjadi pakaian sehari-hari sehingga menjadi identitas bagi perempuan Uni Emirat Arab. Kedua, kategori tempat menurut Ludtke tidak seluruhnya operatif dalam kaitannya dengan abaya, hanya pada kategori tempat bekerja dan hiburan saja sedangkan pada kategori domestik abaya tidak digunakan karena perempuan Uni Emirat Arab umumnya di rumah mengenakan pakaian yang lebih modern dan bergaya Barat. Ketiga, terdapat kategori tambahan yaitu masjid. Pengunjung masjid diharuskan untuk memakai pakaian abaya. Keempat, negara berperan penting pada pembentukan identitas perempuan dan nasional melalui abaya. Temuan kelima yaitu oil booming memberikan perubahan pada abaya yakni dengan warna dasar yang berwarna hitam dengan tambahan motif dan pernik yang berwarna serta terlihat lebih modern dibandingkan dengan abaya yang terdapat di wilayah lain. Kata Kunci: Abaya, Identitas, Perempuan, Oil Booming, Uni Emirat Arab. vii PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI Berikut ini disajikan pola transliterasi arab latin berdasarkan keputusan bersama antara Menteri Agama dan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan R.I. No. 158 Tahun 1987 dan No. 0543b/U/1987. 1. Konsonan Huruf Nama Penulisan ‘ Alif ا Ba b ب Ta t ت Tsa S ث Jim j ج Ha H ح Kha kh خ Dal d د Zal Z ذ Ra R ر Zai Z ز Sin S س Syin Sy ش Sad Sh ص Dlod dl ض Tho th ط Zho zh ظ ‘ Ain‘ ع Gain gh غ Fa r ف Qaf q ق Kaf k ك Lam l ل Mim m م Nun n ن Waw w و Ha h ه ٫ Hamzah ء Ya Y ي Ta (marbutoh) T ة 2. Vokal Vokal Bahasa Arab seperti halnya dalam bahasa Indonesia terdiri atas vokal tunggal dan vokal rangkap (diftong) viii ix 3. Vokal Tunggal Vokal tunggal dalam bahasa Arab: - -------------------------------- Fatha -------------------------------- Kasroh - و -------------------------------- Dlommah Contoh : Kataba : كتب Zukira (Pola I atau II) dan seterusnya : ذكر 4. Vokal Rangkap Lambang yang digunakan untuk vocal rangkap adalah gabungan antara harakat dan huruf, dengan transliterasi berupa gabungan huruf. Tanda Huruf Tanda Huruf Baca Fathah da ai a dan i ي n ya Fathah da au a dan u و n waw Contoh: kaifa : كيف ala‘: على haula : حول ai atau ay : أي 5. Mad Mad atau panjang dilambangkan dengan harakat atau huruf, dengan transliterasi berupa huruf atau benda: Contoh: Harkat dan huruf Tanda Keterangan baca Fatha dan alif at a a dan garis اي au ya panjang diatas Kasroh dan ya i i dan garis diatas اي Dlommatain da u U dan garis diatas او x n waw qala subhanaka : قال سبحنك shama ramadlana : صام رمضان rama : رمي fi manafi’u : فيها منا فع yaktubuna ma yamkuruna : يكتبون ما يمكرون iz qala yusufu liabihi : اذ قال يوسف ﻻ بيه 6. Ta’ Marbutah Transliterasi untuk ta marbutah
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