An Idea of Freedom
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Congregational Polity and Associational Authority: the Evolution of Nonconformity in Britain, 1765-1865
Congregational Polity and Associational Authority: The Evolution of Nonconformity in Britain, 1765-1865 Cullen Thomas Clark Department of History and Politics School of Arts and Humanities University of Stirling A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervised by Professor David W. Bebbington 31 July 2015 I, Cullen Thomas Clark, declare that this thesis has been composed by me and that the work which it embodies is my work and has not been included in another thesis. Signed: Cullen Thomas Clark, 31 July 2015 ii Acknowledgements A PhD thesis is not the product of an individual person. Numerous people and institutions are instrumental in its completion. This thesis is no different. The librarians and staff of the Bodleian Library, the Hampshire Records Office, Winchester, the John Rylands University Library, Manchester, the Lancashire County Archives, Preston, the National Library of Scotland, New College Library, Edinburgh, and the University of Birmingham Library and Archives have all provide valuable help along the way, providing advice and direction when dead ends seemed to appear. My sincere appreciation goes to Dr David Wykes and the staff of Dr Williams’s Library who graciously guided me through their vast collections and provided valuable insights. Equally hospitable was Carrise Berryhill at Abilene Christian University, who spent endless hours indulging my fascination with the Stone-Campbell Movement’s relationship to the Scotch Baptists and the British Churches of Christ. A very special word of thanks goes to Revd Emma Walsh and the staff of the Angus Library at Regent’s Park College, Oxford, for her admirable and sacrificial assistance. -
The Kirk in the Garden of Evie
THE KIRK IN THE GARDEN OF EVIE A Thumbnail Sketch of the History of the Church in Evie Trevor G Hunt Minister of the linked Churches of Evie, Firth and Rendall, Orkney First Published by Evie Kirk Session Evie, Orkney. 1987 Republished 1996 ComPrint, Orkney 908056 Forward to the 1987 Publication This brief history was compiled for the centenary of the present Evie Church building and I am indebted to all who have helped me in this work. I am especially indebted to the Kirk’s present Session Clerk, William Wood of Aikerness, who furnished useful local information, searched through old Session Minutes, and compiled the list of ministers for Appendix 3. Alastair Marwick of Whitemire, Clerk to the Board, supplied a good deal of literature, obtained a copy of the Title Deeds, gained access to the “Kirk aboon the Hill”, and conducted a tour (even across fields in his car) to various sites. He also contributed valuable local information and I am grateful for all his support. Thanks are also due to Margaret Halcro of Lower Crowrar, Rendall, for information about her name sake, and to the Moars of Crook, Rendall, for other Halcro family details. And to Sheila Lyon (Hestwall, Sandwick), who contributed information about Margaret Halcro (of the seventeenth century!). TREVOR G HUNT Finstown Manse March 1987 Foreword to the 1996 Publication Nearly ten years on seemed a good time to make this history available again, and to use the advances in computer technology to improve its appearance and to make one or two minor corrections.. I was also anxious to include the text of the history as a page on the Evie, Firth and Rendall Churches’ Internet site for reference and, since revision was necessary to do this, it was an opportunity to republish in printed form. -
The Interaction of Scottish and English Evangelicals
THE INTERACTION OF SCOTTISH AND ENGLISH EVANGELICALS 1790 - 1810 Dudley Reeves M. Litt. University of Glasgov 1973 ProQuest Number: 11017971 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11017971 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully acknowledge my indebtedness to the following: The Rev. Ian A. Muirhead, M.A., B.D. and the Rev. Garin D. White, B.A., B.D., Ph.D. for their most valuable guidance and criticism; My wife and daughters for their persevering patience and tolerance The staff of several libraries for their helpful efficiency: James Watt, Greenock; Public Central, Greenock; Bridge of Weir Public; Trinity College, Glasgow; Baptist Theological College, Glasgow; University of Glasgow; Mitchell, Glasgow; New College, Edinburgh; National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh; General Register House, Edinburgh; British Museum, London; Sion College, London; Dr Williams's, London. Abbreviations British and Foreign Bible Society Baptist Missionary Society Church Missionary Society London Missionary Society Ii§I I Ii§I Society for Propagating the Gospel at Home SSPCK Scottish Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge CONTENTS 1. -
Dissertation Final Draft
Copyright © 2012 John Jin Gill All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE EVANGELICALISM OF ALEXANDER CARSON A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by John Jin Gill May 2012 APPROVAL SHEET THE EVANGELICALISM OF ALEXANDER CARSON John Jin Gill Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin (Chair) __________________________________________ David L. Puckett __________________________________________ Thomas J. Nettles Date______________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . vi PREFACE . vii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Carson’s Gospel-centered Evangelicalism . 1 The Life of Alexander Carson . 8 2. ALEXANDER CARSON ON THE BIBLE . 36 Context of the Apocrypha Controversy . 37 Carson’s Doctrine of Plenary Verbal Inspiration . 42 Defense of Plenary Inspiration . 42 The nature and extent of inspiration can only be learned from Scripture . 43 Carson’s rejection of novel criteria for distinguishing between inspired and uninspired biblical texts . 49 Defense of Plenary Verbal Inspiration . 58 The manner and matter of Scripture . 61 Degrees of inspiration . 64 Principle of necessity . 67 Variant readings of Scripture not contradictory to plenary verbal . 69 iii Chapter Page Carson’s Views on Bible Translation . 71 Controversy over Ali Bey’s Turkish New Testament . 71 Controversy the British and Foreign Bible Society over the Translation of βαπτίζω . 81 Carson on the Divine Preservation of the Bible . 88 Conclusion . 94 3. ALEXANDER CARSON ON THE CROSS . -
Edinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer Protestant Dissent in Scotland, 1689-1828 Citation for published version: Brown, S 2018, Protestant Dissent in Scotland, 1689-1828. in AC Thompson (ed.), Oxford History of the Protestant Dissenting Traditions: The Long Eighteenth Century c. 1689-c. 1828. vol. 2, Oxford University Press, pp. 139-159. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702245.003.0008 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1093/oso/9780198702245.003.0008 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Oxford History of the Protestant Dissenting Traditions Publisher Rights Statement: "This material was originally published in "The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions, Volume II: The Long Eighteenth Century c. 1689-c. 1828" edited by Andrew Thompson, and has been reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-history-of-protestant- dissenting-traditions-volume-ii-9780198702245?cc=gb&lang=en&#. For permission to reuse this material, please visit http://global.oup.com/academic/rights. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
With Particular Reference to His Theory of the Atonement, and the Rise of Congregationalism in Scotland
RALPH WARDLAW, 1779-1853 With Particular Reference to His Theory of the Atonement, And the Rise of Congregationalism in Scotland by RALPH DOUGLAS HYSLOP Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Edinburgh (Hew College) CONTENTS Preface. ..........••••••••••••• i Chapter I THE RISE OF CONGREGATIONALISM IN SCOTLAND ... 1 The First Hundred and Fifty Yeers (1583-1733) .. 1 The Eighteenth Century (1733-1795). ..... 5 The Founders and Their Work (1795-18&) ... 11 Rowland Hill. ........... 11 Robert and James Haldane. ..... ... 13 David Bogue. .......... ... 17 The Preaching Tours. ...... ... 21 First Churches. .......... ... 24 The Circus, Edinburgh. .......... 28 The Opposition of the Established Church. 34 II RALPH WARDLAW'S EARLY YEARS (1779-1803). ... 39 III WARDLAW AND THE YOUNG CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES: A PERIOD OF GROWTH AND STRIFE (1803-1813). 48 The Lord's Supper. ........... 49 Social Worship. ............... 51 Baptism. .............. .... 55 Disruption of the Tabernacles in Edinburgh and Glasgow. .............. ., 57 Formation of the Congregational Union of Scotland. .................. 60 The Contributions of Ralph Wardlaw to the Life and Work of the Churches. ..... 62 Chapter Page IV THfl SOCINIAN CONTROVERSY. ........... 67 History. .................. 67 The Grounds of Unitarian Dissent ...... 70 The Discourses on the Socinian Controversy . 73 The Area of Agreement. ........... 76 The Battle of the Texts. .......... 79 The Unity of the Godhead and the Plurality of Persons. .......... 81 The Divinity of Jesus Christ. ...... 88 The Holy Spirit. ........ .... 93 The Irreconcilable Difference. .... 100 The "Discourses" in America. ........ 102 Jedidiah Morse and the Battle Against Unitarianism. .............. 104 Leonard Woods and the Founding of Andover Seminary. ............ 107 V CHURCH AND STATE: THE VOLUNTARY CONTROVERSY AND THE DEBATE ON CHURCH ESTABLISHMENT. -
CHURCH and STATE in the THOUGHT of ALEXANDER Campbell
/CHURCH AND STATE IN THE THOUGHT OF ALEXANDER CAMPBELl/ by MARK STEPHEN JOY B. A., Central Christian College, 1976 M. A., Eastern New Mexico University, 1983 A MASTER'S THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS Department of History KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1985 Approved by: LD A11205 1,41354 JV HfS %, CONTENTS c . INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER ONE: CHURCH- STATE RELATIONS IN AMERICA TO THE EVE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 10 CHAPTER TWO: ALEXANDER CAMPBELL AND THE RESTORATION MOVEMENT 37 CHAPTER THREE: ALEXANDER CAMPBELL'S VIEWS ON CHURCH- STATE ISSUES 69 CHAPTER FOUR: THE SOURCES OF ALEXANDER CAMPBELL'S THOUGHT ON CHURCH-STATE ISSUES Ill CONCLUSION 133 BIBLIOGRAPHY 140 INTRODUCTION The establishment of constitutional provisions prohibiting the establishment of religion, and guaranteeing the free exercise thereof, was one of the most significant developments in early American history. These first amendment provisions also imply a concept which was, in the eighteenth century, a uniquely American contribution to political theory: the separation of church and state. The incorporation of these principles into the Constitution was not an overnight accomplishment, nor did the passage of the First Amendment mean that the controversies over matters of religious liberty and the relationship of church and state were over. But these developments, coupled with the pluralism that has been a character- istic of American life from the very beginning of colonization, have contributed greatly to the creation of a distinctively American religious tradition. Many scholars have noted that two currents of thought were influential in bringing about the separation of church and state in America. -
Sir Walter Scott, Bart. of Abbotsford
GENEALOG·IOAL ME~IOIRS OF THE F AlVIILY OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, BART. OF ABBOTSFORD WITH A l{EPRINT OF HIS MEMORIALS OF THE HALIBURTONS BY THE REv. CHARLES ROGERS, LL.D. HISTORIOGRAPHER TO THE ROYAL HI~TO"RTC'AL ~OC'!F.TY, ~EI.!:.CW OF ':'IIE SCCIF.'.i"'i OF .ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLA);D, MEl\IBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF QUEBEC, 1\IEl\IBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PE:SNSTLYANIA, AND CORRESPO)."DING 1\IE:.\lBER OF THE HISTORICAL A.:SD GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF NEW ENGLAND LONDON PRINTED FOR THE GRAMPIAN CLUB 1877 EDIS.BURGil: PRJ!-<TED BY lll'l!'ARLA.NE AND ERSKINE, ST JAl\lES ::SQUARE. ·'.__ . §?j;'!j¥s;j-,Y.2...::.- -·~,'i,::~J: .... -'"':'--. -· . -~-,:tl'.!"l!•at-. .- . -'"\t -- ' < fr;ti iit~.,, ...... ........_:. ? -.~---~~-~-i ---~~;} ~ :~#ffi . t ..... ;..• ...,.. ,. ~... ,., ·..... t{_.s~-- fry .. :"'-t:- ~· t~;·t,. ~;· _...f( ?~::··· ~~-l'f i;;t· :tt_;~·· ''G-r.Jr,;, ·-::· -~~•.,,. ~·t :qjf ;;~/t: t: --~- , .., n.1>' -~ ti.~' it, ; ', ',}~ !~rl:_, ..;lit\~ ·r·;-, - J ~~:·t·-:,:-,.{s ~-e-~-~"'ll:\"''.:;'_ i!l--'Ji;J, ·, . j' ·----= f3 UR l AL Al s !. ~,. AND OF HIS ANC BSTO :-<.. c• TEE HALIB ORTG~L; A.BB EY "F T'"\ • ,.J 1N -~·HE V J..,RYB UR.. GH. PREF A CE. Sm WALTER ScOTT was ambitious of establishing a family which might perpetuate his name, in connection with that interesting spot on the banks of the Tweed which he had reclaimed and adorned. To be " founder of a distinct branch of the House of Scott," was, according to Mr Lockhart, "his first and last worldly ambition." "He desired;" continues his biographer, " to plant a lasting root, and dreamt not of present fame, but of long distant generations rejoicing in the name of Scott of Abbotsford. -
Genealogical Memoirs of the Family of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. of Abbotsford
GENEALOGICAL MEMOIRS OF THE FAMILY OF SIR WALTER SCOTT, Bart, ETC., ETC. '«* BURIAL AISLE ANCESTORS, THE HALIBURT0N3 iR WALTER SCOTT AND OF HIS IN THE ABBEY OT DRYBURGH. GENEALOGICAL MEMOIRS OF THE FAMILY OF Sm WALTER SCOTT, Bart. OF ABBOTSrORD WITH A REPllINT OF HIS MEMOEIALS OF THE HALIBUETONS Rev. CHARLES ROGERS, LL.D. HISTORIOGEAPHER TO THE ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY, FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF SCOTLAND, MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF QUEBEC, MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF NEW ENGLAND LONDON HOULSTON & SONS, PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1877 EDINBURGH: PRINTED BY M'FARLANE AND ERSKINE, ST JAMES SQUARE. PREFACE. Sm Walter Scott was ambitious of establishing a family which might perpetuate his name, in connection with that interesting spot on the banks of the Tweed which he had reclaimed and adorned. To be " founder of a distinct branch of the House of Scott," was, according to Mr Lockhart, " his first and last worldly ambition." "He desired," continues his biographer, " to plant a lasting root, and dreamt not of present fame, but of long distant generations rejoicing in the name of Scott of Abbotsford. By this idea, all his reveries, all his aspirations, all his plans and efforts, were shadowed and controlled. The great object and end only rose into clearer daylight, and swelled into more substantial dimensions, as public applause strengthened his confidence in his own powers and faculties ; and when he had reached the summit of universal and unrivalled honour, he clung to his first love with the faith of a Paladin." More clearly to appreciate why Sir Walter Scott was so powerfully influenced by the desire of founding a family, it is necessary to be acquainted with his relations to those who preceded him. -
Robert and James Haldane and the Quest for Evangelical Union
Robert and James Haldane and the Quest for Evangelical Union Kenneth Brownell t their best Protestant evangelicals have always dreamed of union and worked to see it realised, but tragically it has remained an elusive dream in spite of good A intentions and hard work. Already at the Reformation the danger of fragmentation was recognised and leaders such as John Calvin sought unity among the forces of Protestantism. This unitive thrust within Protestantism has appeared in subsequent generations, especially in times of revival and renewal. In the 17th century men such as Richard Baxter, John Dury and Amos Comenius worked long and hard for the visible unity of God's people. In the wake of the revivals of the 18th century in Britain and America there was a similar desire on the part of many Protestants for evangelical union. It seems that when the central concerns of the gospel are pre eminent there is a hunger on the part of God's people to unite as far as possible in its interests. The purpose of this article is to explore this tension between unity and division as seen in the lives of those remarkable Scottish brothers, Robert and James Haldane. The Haldanes lived at a time of significant spiritual awakening in Protestant churches in Britain. Born in the 1760s and converted in the 1790s, the Haldanes lived and worked at a time when Protestant evangelicalism was expanding rapidly in the wake of the Great Awakening of the mid-18th century. Both brothers were actively involved in many of the evangelical enterprises that emerged in this period and characterised it. -
Origins of the Disciples of Christ
Disciples of Christ By William H. Whitsitt, DD, LLD With a Review and Rebuttal of Whisitt’s Falsehoods by George W. Longan Edited, with additional annotations by Bradley S. Cobb Cobb Publishing The Origin of the Disciples of Christ is copyright © 2017, Bradley S. Cobb. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any way without written permission from the publisher. The exception to this is for brief quota- tions used for reference, review, or sharing on social media or other freely-distributed means (church bulletins, etc.). For those instances, no permission is needed (though we would appreciate being made aware of your use of the material). For specific questions regarding this, feel free to contact us. Published by Cobb Publishing (479) 747-8372 [email protected] www.TheCobbSix.com ISBN-13: 978-1541257122 ISBN-10: 154125712X Publisher’s Preface What you now hold in your hands (or read on your screen) is a unique volume. In 1888, William H. Whitsitt, a professor in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary published a book, Origin of the Disciples of Christ, which he subtitled “A Contribution to the Centennial Anniversary of the Birth of Alexander Campbell.” This was done to deceive reader into thinking that he was giving an objective history about Alexander Campbell’s legacy. The next year, George W. Longan published a book of the same title, as a rebuttal and exposure of the misrepresentations found in Whitsitt’s book. We include both books in this one volume for the sake of convenience for those interested. -
Baptists in Scotland Before 1969
Baptists in Scotland Before 1869 INETEEN-SIXTY -NINE was a year of celebrations for Scot N tish Baptists. It was marked by the centenary of the Baptist Union of Scotland, by the 75th Anniversary of the foundation of the Baptist Theological College of Scotland, and by the 60th anni versary of the Women's Auxiliary. This seems a good .time to gather together what is known of Baptists in this Presbyterian lIind before the founding of the Union. This article will be an excursion into a small but interesting segment of Scottish history,! and an attempt to piece together some of the tantalisingly brief glimpses that the sources afford us of a not unimportant corner of the Baptist world. The Reformation in Scotland followed a course that was very different from that in England. When in 1560 the Protestant Con fession of Faith was accepted by Parliament the Protestant religion was established in the name but without the authority of Queen Mary. In the two previous decades there had been a rapid turning from the corrupt old Church to the Calvinism of Knox and his· followers, especially in the towns· and by the landowners. Despite last minute attempts to reform, the old Church was doomed to a slow and relatively peaceful death-there were few martyrs at this period in Scotland. Protestantism ·()f a Genevan sort became accepted as the religion of Scotsmen, and subsequent debates were between the royal desire for episcopacy, and the strong Presby terian tenets of Andrew Melville and the other ministers. In 1690 after a century of unsettlement and the recent Killing Times, a relatively moderate Presbyterianism became the national faith once and for all.