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Anchialine Cave Biology in the Era of Speleogenomics Jorge L
International Journal of Speleology 45 (2) 149-170 Tampa, FL (USA) May 2016 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs International Journal of Speleology Off icial Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie Life in the Underworld: Anchialine cave biology in the era of speleogenomics Jorge L. Pérez-Moreno1*, Thomas M. Iliffe2, and Heather D. Bracken-Grissom1 1Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami FL 33181, USA 2Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA Abstract: Anchialine caves contain haline bodies of water with underground connections to the ocean and limited exposure to open air. Despite being found on islands and peninsular coastlines around the world, the isolation of anchialine systems has facilitated the evolution of high levels of endemism among their inhabitants. The unique characteristics of anchialine caves and of their predominantly crustacean biodiversity nominate them as particularly interesting study subjects for evolutionary biology. However, there is presently a distinct scarcity of modern molecular methods being employed in the study of anchialine cave ecosystems. The use of current and emerging molecular techniques, e.g., next-generation sequencing (NGS), bestows an exceptional opportunity to answer a variety of long-standing questions pertaining to the realms of speciation, biogeography, population genetics, and evolution, as well as the emergence of extraordinary morphological and physiological adaptations to these unique environments. The integration of NGS methodologies with traditional taxonomic and ecological methods will help elucidate the unique characteristics and evolutionary history of anchialine cave fauna, and thus the significance of their conservation in face of current and future anthropogenic threats. -
Microbiomes of Gall-Inducing Copepod Crustaceans from the Corals Stylophora Pistillata (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Ventalina
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Microbiomes of gall-inducing copepod crustaceans from the corals Stylophora pistillata Received: 26 February 2018 Accepted: 18 July 2018 (Scleractinia) and Gorgonia Published: xx xx xxxx ventalina (Alcyonacea) Pavel V. Shelyakin1,2, Sofya K. Garushyants1,3, Mikhail A. Nikitin4, Sofya V. Mudrova5, Michael Berumen 5, Arjen G. C. L. Speksnijder6, Bert W. Hoeksema6, Diego Fontaneto7, Mikhail S. Gelfand1,3,4,8 & Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko 6,9 Corals harbor complex and diverse microbial communities that strongly impact host ftness and resistance to diseases, but these microbes themselves can be infuenced by stresses, like those caused by the presence of macroscopic symbionts. In addition to directly infuencing the host, symbionts may transmit pathogenic microbial communities. We analyzed two coral gall-forming copepod systems by using 16S rRNA gene metagenomic sequencing: (1) the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina with copepods of the genus Sphaerippe from the Caribbean and (2) the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata with copepods of the genus Spaniomolgus from the Saudi Arabian part of the Red Sea. We show that bacterial communities in these two systems were substantially diferent with Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria more prevalent in samples from Gorgonia ventalina, and Gammaproteobacteria in Stylophora pistillata. In Stylophora pistillata, normal coral microbiomes were enriched with the common coral symbiont Endozoicomonas and some unclassifed bacteria, while copepod and gall-tissue microbiomes were highly enriched with the family ME2 (Oceanospirillales) or Rhodobacteraceae. In Gorgonia ventalina, no bacterial group had signifcantly diferent prevalence in the normal coral tissues, copepods, and injured tissues. The total microbiome composition of polyps injured by copepods was diferent. -
First Molecular Data and Morphological Re-Description of Two
Journal of King Saud University – Science 33 (2021) 101290 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of King Saud University – Science journal homepage: www.sciencedirect.com Original article First molecular data and morphological re-description of two copepod species, Hatschekia sargi and Hatschekia leptoscari, as parasites on Parupeneus rubescens in the Arabian Gulf ⇑ Saleh Al-Quraishy a, , Mohamed A. Dkhil a,b, Nawal Al-Hoshani a, Wejdan Alhafidh a, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber a,c a Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia b Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt c Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt article info abstract Article history: Little information is available about the biodiversity of parasitic copepods in the Arabian Gulf. The pre- Received 6 September 2020 sent study aimed to provide new information about different parasitic copepods gathered from Revised 30 November 2020 Parupeneus rubescens caught in the Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia). Copepods collected from the infected fish Accepted 9 December 2020 were studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and then examined using stan- dard staining and measuring techniques. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on the partial 28S rRNA gene sequences from other copepod species retrieved from GenBank. Two copepod species, Keywords: Hatschekia sargi Brian, 1902 and Hatschekia leptoscari Yamaguti, 1939, were identified as naturally 28S rRNA gene infected the gills of fish. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis of the recovered copepod species to con- Arabian Gulf Hatschekiidae firm their taxonomic position in the Hatschekiidae family within Siphonostomatoida and suggest the Marine fish monophyletic origin this family. -
Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee
Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick -
Pilgrim 1985.Pdf (1.219Mb)
MAURI ORA, 1985, 12: 13-53 13 PARASITIC COPEPODA FROM MARINE COASTAL FISHES IN THE KAIKOURA-BANKS PENINSULA REGION, SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND. WITH A KEY FOR THEIR IDENTIFICATION R.L.C. PILGRIM Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. ABSTRACT An introductory account of parasitic Copepoda in New Zealand waters is given, together with suggestions for collecting, examining, preserving and disposal of specimens. A key is presented for identifying all known forms from the fishes which are known to occur in the Kaikoura-Banks Peninsula region. Nine species/ subspecies ( + 2 spp.indet.) have been taken from elasmobranch fishes, 13 ( + 7 spp.indet.) from teleost fishes in the region; a further 6 from elasmobranchs and 27 ( + 1 indet.) from teleosts are known in New Zealand waters but so far not taken from these hosts in the region. A host-parasite list is given of known records'from the region. KEYWORDS: New Zealand, marine, fish, parasitic Copepoda, keys. INTRODUCTION Fishes represent a very significant proportion of the macrofauna of the coastal waters from Kaikoura to Banks Peninsula, and as such are commonly studiecl by staff and students from the Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury. Even a cursory examination of most specimens will reveal the presence of sometimes numerous parasites clinging to the outer surface or, more frequently, to the linings of the several cavities exposed to the outside sea water. The mouth and gill chambers are 14 particularly liable to contain numbers of large or small, but generally macroscopic, animals attached to these surfaces. Many are readily identified as segmented, articulated, chitinised animals and are clearly Arthropoda. -
Taxonomy, Biology and Phylogeny of Miraciidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida)
TAXONOMY, BIOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF MIRACIIDAE (COPEPODA: HARPACTICOIDA) Rony Huys & Ruth Böttger-Schnack SARSIA Huys, Rony & Ruth Böttger-Schnack 1994 12 30. Taxonomy, biology and phytogeny of Miraciidae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). - Sarsia 79:207-283. Bergen. ISSN 0036-4827. The holoplanktonic family Miraciidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) is revised and a key to the four monotypic genera presented. Amended diagnoses are given for Miracia Dana, Oculosetella Dahl and Macrosetella A. Scott, based on complete redescriptions of their respective type species M. efferata Dana, 1849, O. gracilis (Dana, 1849) and M. gracilis (Dana, 1847). A fourth genus Distioculus gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Miracia minor T. Scott, 1894. The occurrence of two size-morphs of M. gracilis in the Red Sea is discussed, and reliable distribution records of the problematic O. gracilis are compiled. The first nauplius of M. gracilis is described in detail and changes in the structure of the antennule, P2 endopod and caudal ramus during copepodid development are illustrated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Miracia is closest to the miraciid ancestor and placed Oculosetella-Macrosetella at the terminal branch of the cladogram. Various aspects of miraciid biology are reviewed, including reproduction, postembryonic development, verti cal and geographical distribution, bioluminescence, photoreception and their association with filamentous Cyanobacteria {Trichodesmium). Rony Huys, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, Lon don SW7 5BD, England. - Ruth Böttger-Schnack, Institut für Meereskunde, Düsternbroo- ker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. CONTENTS Introduction.............. .. 207 Genus Distioculus pacticoids can be carried into the open ocean by Material and methods ... .. 208 gen. nov.................. 243 algal rafting. Truly planktonic species which perma Systematics and Distioculus minor nently reside in the water column, however, form morphology .......... -
Taxonomic Resolutions Based on 18S Rrna Genes: a Case Study of Subclass Copepoda
RESEARCH ARTICLE Taxonomic Resolutions Based on 18S rRNA Genes: A Case Study of Subclass Copepoda Shu Wu1,2, Jie Xiong1, Yuhe Yu1* 1 Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China, 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China * [email protected] Abstract Biodiversity studies are commonly conducted using 18S rRNA genes. In this study, we com- pared the inter-species divergence of variable regions (V1–9) within the copepod 18S rRNA gene, and tested their taxonomic resolutions at different taxonomic levels. Our results indi- cate that the 18S rRNA gene is a good molecular marker for the study of copepod biodiver- sity, and our conclusions are as follows: 1) 18S rRNA genes are highly conserved intra- species (intra-species similarities are close to 100%); and could aid in species-level analy- ses, but with some limitations; 2) nearly-whole-length sequences and some partial regions OPEN ACCESS (around V2, V4, and V9) of the 18S rRNA gene can be used to discriminate between sam- Citation: Wu S, Xiong J, Yu Y (2015) Taxonomic ples at both the family and order levels (with a success rate of about 80%); 3) compared Resolutions Based on 18S rRNA Genes: A Case with other regions, V9 has a higher resolution at the genus level (with an identification suc- Study of Subclass Copepoda. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0131498. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131498 cess rate of about 80%); and 4) V7 is most divergent in length, and would be a good candi- date marker for the phylogenetic study of Acartia species. -
Copepoda: Calanoida) from Lake Faro (Central Mediterranean Sea) C
A new species of Pseudocyclops (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Lake Faro (Central Mediterranean Sea) C. Brugnano, A. Celona, G. Zagami To cite this version: C. Brugnano, A. Celona, G. Zagami. A new species of Pseudocyclops (Copepoda: Calanoida) from Lake Faro (Central Mediterranean Sea). Vie et Milieu / Life & Environment, Observatoire Océanologique - Laboratoire Arago, 2010, pp.1-7. hal-03261930 HAL Id: hal-03261930 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03261930 Submitted on 16 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VIE ET MILIEU - LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT, 2010, 60 (1): 1-7 A NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDOCYCLOPS (COPEPODA: CALANOIDA) FROM LAKE FARO (CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN SEA) C. BRUGNANO*, A. CELONA, G. ZAGAMI Department of Animal Biology and Marine Ecology, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, S. Agata , Salita Sperone, 31, Italy * Corresponding author: [email protected] TAXONOMY ABSTRACT. – A new calanoid copepod species Pseudocyclops faroensis sp. nov. is described PSEUDOCYCLOPS FAROENSIS SP. NOV. DEMERSAL COPEPODS from a Mediterranean coastal lake on Sicily (Italy). The discovery of P. faroensis sp. nov. LAKE FARO increases the number of species of Pseudocyclops known from the Mediterranean to six. Out of MEDITERRANEAN COASTAL LAKE 35 species comprising the genus Pseudocyclops, P. -
Molecular Diversity, Phylogeny, and Biogeographic Patterns of Crustacean Copepods Associated with Scleractinian Corals of the Indo-Pacific
Molecular Diversity, Phylogeny, and Biogeographic Patterns of Crustacean Copepods Associated with Scleractinian Corals of the Indo-Pacific Dissertation by Sofya Mudrova In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Science King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia November, 2018 2 EXAMINATION COMMITTEE PAGE The dissertation of Sofya Mudrova is approved by the examination committee. Committee Chairperson: Dr. Michael Lee Berumen Committee Co-Chair: Dr. Viatcheslav Ivanenko Committee Members: Dr. James Davis Reimer, Dr. Takashi Gojobori, Dr. Manuel Aranda Lastra 3 COPYRIGHT PAGE © November, 2018 Sofya Mudrova All rights reserved 4 ABSTRACT Molecular diversity, phylogeny and biogeographic patterns of crustacean copepods associated with scleractinian corals of the Indo-Pacific Sofya Mudrova Biodiversity of coral reefs is higher than in any other marine ecosystem, and significant research has focused on studying coral taxonomy, physiology, ecology, and coral-associated fauna. Yet little is known about symbiotic copepods, abundant and numerous microscopic crustaceans inhabiting almost every living coral colony. In this thesis, I investigate the genetic diversity of different groups of copepods associated with reef-building corals in distinct parts of the Indo-Pacific; determine species boundaries; and reveal patterns of biogeography, endemism, and host-specificity in these symbiotic systems. A non-destructive method of DNA extraction allowed me to use an integrated approach to conduct a diversity assessment of different groups of copepods and to determine species boundaries using molecular and taxonomical methods. Overall, for this thesis, I processed and analyzed 1850 copepod specimens, representing 269 MOTUs collected from 125 colonies of 43 species of scleractinian corals from 11 locations in the Indo-Pacific. -
Molecular Species Delimitation and Biogeography of Canadian Marine Planktonic Crustaceans
Molecular Species Delimitation and Biogeography of Canadian Marine Planktonic Crustaceans by Robert George Young A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Robert George Young, March, 2016 ABSTRACT MOLECULAR SPECIES DELIMITATION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF CANADIAN MARINE PLANKTONIC CRUSTACEANS Robert George Young Advisors: University of Guelph, 2016 Dr. Sarah Adamowicz Dr. Cathryn Abbott Zooplankton are a major component of the marine environment in both diversity and biomass and are a crucial source of nutrients for organisms at higher trophic levels. Unfortunately, marine zooplankton biodiversity is not well known because of difficult morphological identifications and lack of taxonomic experts for many groups. In addition, the large taxonomic diversity present in plankton and low sampling coverage pose challenges in obtaining a better understanding of true zooplankton diversity. Molecular identification tools, like DNA barcoding, have been successfully used to identify marine planktonic specimens to a species. However, the behaviour of methods for specimen identification and species delimitation remain untested for taxonomically diverse and widely-distributed marine zooplanktonic groups. Using Canadian marine planktonic crustacean collections, I generated a multi-gene data set including COI-5P and 18S-V4 molecular markers of morphologically-identified Copepoda and Thecostraca (Multicrustacea: Hexanauplia) species. I used this data set to assess generalities in the genetic divergence patterns and to determine if a barcode gap exists separating interspecific and intraspecific molecular divergences, which can reliably delimit specimens into species. I then used this information to evaluate the North Pacific, Arctic, and North Atlantic biogeography of marine Calanoida (Hexanauplia: Copepoda) plankton. -
Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts from the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor
h ' '' f MASGC-B-78-001 c. 3 A MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico CRCDU7M COPY Sea Grant Depositor NATIONAL SEA GRANT DEPOSITORY \ PELL LIBRARY BUILDING URI NA8RAGANSETT BAY CAMPUS % NARRAGANSETT. Rl 02882 Robin M. Overstreet r ii MISSISSIPPI—ALABAMA SEA GRANT CONSORTIUM MASGP—78—021 MARINE MALADIES? Worms, Germs, and Other Symbionts From the Northern Gulf of Mexico by Robin M. Overstreet Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 This study was conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant, under Grant No. 04-7-158-44017 and National Marine Fisheries Service, under PL 88-309, Project No. 2-262-R. TheMississippi-AlabamaSea Grant Consortium furnish ed all of the publication costs. The U.S. Government is authorized to produceand distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. Copyright© 1978by Mississippi-Alabama Sea Gram Consortium and R.M. Overstrect All rights reserved. No pari of this book may be reproduced in any manner without permission from the author. Primed by Blossman Printing, Inc.. Ocean Springs, Mississippi CONTENTS PREFACE 1 INTRODUCTION TO SYMBIOSIS 2 INVERTEBRATES AS HOSTS 5 THE AMERICAN OYSTER 5 Public Health Aspects 6 Dcrmo 7 Other Symbionts and Diseases 8 Shell-Burrowing Symbionts II Fouling Organisms and Predators 13 THE BLUE CRAB 15 Protozoans and Microbes 15 Mclazoans and their I lypeiparasites 18 Misiellaneous Microbes and Protozoans 25 PENAEID -
Three New Species of Misophrioid Copepods from Oceanic Islands
Three new species of misophrioid copepods from oceanic islands GEOFFREY A. BOXSHALL and THOMAS M. ILIFFEt Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England, ?Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, P.O. Box 1675, Galveston, Texas 77553, USA (Accepted 3 December 1989) Three new species of misophrioid copepods are described from anchialine habitats on oceanic islands. Expansophria galapagensis n.sp. is described from two localities on Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands, Speleophria campaneri n.sp. from Ngamduk Cave, Angaur Island, Palau and S. scottodicarloi n.sp. from Chalk Cave on Bermuda. KEYWORDS:Misophrioid copepods, anchialine caves, oceanic islands. Introduction Half of the described species of the order Misophrioida are known from anchialine habitats on oceanic islands. They have been found in caves on Bermuda (Boxshall and Iliffe, 1986) and in flooded lava tubes and lava pools on the Canary Islands (Boxshall and Iliffe, 1987; Huys, 1988) in the Atlantic, and in caves and sinkholes on islands in the Palau group (Boxshall and Iliffe, 1987) in the Indo-Pacific. During an expedition to the Galapagos islands in 1987 one of us (T.M.I.) collected a large number of misophrioids I on Santa Cruz island. These represent a new species of Expansophria Boxshall and Iliffe, 1987 and are described below. This is the third species of Expansophria to be discovered, the other two being found on Lanzarote in the Canaries and on Ngeruktabel Island, Palau (Boxshall and Iliffe, 1987). Two new species of Speleophria are also described, one from a cave on Angaur island in the Palau archipelago, the other from a cave in Bermuda.