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I SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN

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I SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN SIRIH LENGKUNG ( Piper aduncum L.) SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Farmasi (S.Farm.) Program Studi Farmasi Oleh: Clementia Nova NIM : 128114048 FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2016 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PERSEMBAHAN Dear God, Thank you for creating such a magical piece Known as a “smile”. It’s indescribable, the feeling when someone smiles at you sincerely, and their eyes sparkle as they do so. No matter how close, no matter how much of a stranger, a sincere smile just melts the heart. Dear God, Thank you for creating another magical piece known as a “cry”. The feeling of seeing someone cry warms my heart, because it simply shows how fragile and connected we all are. And, the feeling when it my selfcry, it brings relief and appreciation to life. Dear God, I enjoy talking to You -Dian Rikasari- Karya ini saya persembahkan: Untuk Tuhan Yesus Kristus, karena penyertaannya sepanjang hidupku Untuk Orang Tua yang selaluaku hormati dan cintai Untuk Keluarga Bituk yang selalu melengkapi hidupku Untuk KeluargaTiyap yang selalu mendoakan setiap langkahku Untuk Sahabat yang selalu memberi dukungan dan menyemangatiku Dan yang terakhir untuk orang-orang yang membantuku dalam mengerjakan skripsi ini. iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PRAKATA Puji dan syukur kepada Tuhan yang Maha Esa atas berkat, kasih dan kesempatan-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi berjudul “SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN SIRIH LENGKUNG ( Piper aduncum L.)”. Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Strata Satu Farmasi (S. Farm) program studi fakultas farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta. Dalam proses pengerjaan skripsi ini, penulis mendapat bimbingan, dukungan, kritik, dan saran dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih sedalam-dalamnya kepada: 1. Terima kasih kepada Tuhan Yesus yang sudah memberikan penulis kesehatan, inspirasi dalam menulis, menjaga dan melindungi penulis serta mendampingi penulis dalam keadaan apapun. 2. Aris Widayati, M.Si., Ph.D., Apt. selaku Dekan Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogayakarta. 3. Dr. Yustina Sri Hartini M.Si., Aptselaku Dosen pembimbing yang telah memberi bimbingan, dukungan, saran, dan meluangkan waktu untuk berdiskusi bersama Penulis dalam proses pembuatan skripsi ini. 4. Dr. Erna Tri Wulandari, M.Si., Apt. selaku Dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan, kritik, saran dan kesediaannya menguji skripsi ini. 5. Yohanes Dwiatmaka, M.Si. selaku Dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan, kritik, saran dan kesediaannya menguji skripsi ini. 6. Agustina Setyawati, M.Si., Apt selaku Kepala Penanggung Jawab Laboratorium Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sanata Dharma yang telah memberikan izin penggunaan laboratorium kepada penulis. 7. Segenap laboran dan karyawan Fakultas Farmasi Sanata Dharma, KhususnyaPak Wagiran, Mas Bimo, Pak Parlan, Mas Sigit, Mas Agung, dan Pak Ketul atas bantuan dan kerjasamanya selama ini. 8. Rekan-rekan penelitian tim Piper, Maria Indah Rosari, Agata Herny, Violeta Jesmile, dan Dewi Kamara terima atas bantuan, kerjasama, vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL.................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING........................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI….................................................. iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN.................................................................. iv PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ………………. v PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA .................................................... vi PRAKATA …………………………………............................................ viii DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................. ix DAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................... X DAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN................................................................................. xii INTISARI..................................................................................................... xiv ABSTRACT.................................................................................................. xv PENDAHULUAN….................................................................................... 1 METODE PENELITIAN.............................................................................. 3 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN..................................................................... 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN………......................................................... 15 DAFTAR PUSTAKA…............................................................................... 16 LAMPIRAN…………………...................................................................... 21 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DAFTAR TABEL Tabel I. Hasil skrining fitokimia ekstrak metanol daun sirih lengkung………………………………………………… 7 Tabel II. Hasil penetapan kandungan fenolik total ekstrak metanol daun sirih lengkung…………………………………….. 11 Tabel III. Perhitungan persen inhibisi berdasarkan absorbansi hari ke-6…………………………………………………….. 13 Tabel IV. Aktivitas antikosidan sampel dengan metode thibarbituric acidm (TBA)……………………………… 14 x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Reaksi Uji Mayer………………………………………….. 8 Gambar 2. Reaksi antara Tanin dan FeCl3…………………………….. 8 Gambar 3. Reaksi Hidrolisis Saponin dengan air……………………... 9 Gambar 4. Reaksi reagen Folin-Ciocalteu dengan senyawa fenol…..… 11 Gambar 5. Grafik rata-rata absorbansi control negatif, positif, dan sampel……………………………………………………… 12 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1. Surat determinasi……………………….………………... 21 Lampiran 2. Gambar daun sirih lengkung…………………………….. 22 Lampiran 3. Hasil skrining Fitokimia daun sirih lengkung..………...... 22 Lampiran 4. Gambar hasil skrining fitokimia daun sirih lengkung....… 23 Lampiran 5. Penetapan kadar air serbuk daun sirih lengkung….……... 25 Lampiran 6. Uji pendahuluan penetapan kandungan fenolik total dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu…………………………. 26 Lampiran 7. Perhitungan rendemen ekstrak…………………………... 26 Lampiran 8. Data penimbangan untuk penetapan kandungan ekstrak metanol…………………………………………………. 27 Lampiran 9. Data perhitungan konsentrasi asam galat dan ekstrak metanol untuk penetapan kandungan fenolik………… 27 Lampiran 10. Hasil optimasi operating time untuk penetapan kandungan fenolik total………………………………….. 28 Lampiran 11. Optimasi Panjang Gelombang Maksimal untuk Penetapan Kandungan Fenolik Total……………………. 30 Lampiran 12. Hasil Pengukuran Kurva Baku untuk Penetapan Kandungan Fenolik Total………………………………... 31 Lampiran 13. Perhitungan Kandungan Fenolik Total Ekstrak Metanol... 31 Lampiran 14. Data Penimbangan Optimasi Metode Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan FTC………………………………………… 32 Lampiran 15. Hasil optimasi operating time Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan xii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI FTC………………………………………………………. 32 Lampiran 16. Hasil optimasi operating time Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Metode FTC……………………………………………. 33 Lampiran 17. Hasil optimasi panjang gelombang uji aktivitas antioksidan metode FTC………………………………. 33 Lampiran 18. Data penimbangan uji aktivitas antioksidan metode FTC – TBA……………………………………………………. 34 Lampiran 19. Hasil pengukuran uji aktivitas antioksidan metode FTC... 34 Lampiran 20. Hasil pengukuran uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode TBA……………………………………………... 36 Lampiran 21. Data PSPP FTC………………………………………….. 38 Lampiran 22. Data PSPP TBA…………………………………………. 39 xiii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI INTISARI Munculnya berbagai penyakit degeneratif akibat peroksidasi lipid dapat dicegah dengan antioksidan. Tumbuhan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu sumber antioksidan alami karena kandungan senyawa metabolit sekundernya, salah satunya adalah sirih lengkung.Sirih lengkung (Piper aduncum L.) termasuk dalam famili Piperaceae yang diketahui memiliki potensi besar sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol khususnya senyawa fenolik yang terdapat pada daun sirih lengkung.Senyawa fenolik sebagai antioksidan alami mampu mengurangi laju reaksi peroksidasi lipid.Skrining fitokimia dilakukan dengan uji tabung dan kandungan fenolik total diuji dengan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteau didasarkan pada reduksi asam fosfotungstat dalam larutan alkali menjadi fosfotungstat biru. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji menggunakan metode FTC (ferric thiocyanate), dimana metode FTC mengukur jumlah hasil peroksida pada tahap awal dari oksidasi lemak dengan ferrous chloride dan hasilnya akan dikonfirmasi dengan metode TBA (thiobarbituric acid). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun sirih lengkung mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, polifenol, tanin steroid dan terpenoid. Kadar fenolik total ektrak metanol daun sirih lengkung sebesar 150,167± 58,323 mg ekivalen asam galat (GAE) per gram ektrak metanol daun sirih lengkung.
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