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Gnus Manual Gnus V5.10.2 Gnus Manual Gnus v5.10.2 by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen Copyright c 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being “A GNU Manual”, and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License” in the Emacs manual. (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.” This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free Doc- umentation License. If you want to distribute this document separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license. Contents 1 Starting Gnus 1 1.1 Finding the News .......................... 2 1.2 The First Time ........................... 3 1.3 The Server is Down ......................... 3 1.4 Slave Gnusae ............................. 4 1.5 Fetching a Group .......................... 4 1.6 New Groups ............................. 4 1.6.1 Checking New Groups ................... 5 1.6.2 Subscription Methods .................... 5 1.6.3 Filtering New Groups .................... 6 1.7 Changing Servers .......................... 7 1.8 Startup Files ............................. 8 1.9 Auto Save .............................. 9 1.10 The Active File ........................... 9 1.11 Startup Variables ........................... 10 2 Group Buffer 13 2.1 Group Buffer Format ........................ 14 2.1.1 Group Line Specification .................. 14 2.1.2 Group Mode Line Specification ............... 16 2.1.3 Group Highlighting ..................... 17 2.2 Group Maneuvering ......................... 18 2.3 Selecting a Group .......................... 19 2.4 Subscription Commands ....................... 20 2.5 Group Data ............................. 21 2.6 Group Levels ............................. 21 2.7 Group Score ............................. 23 2.8 Marking Groups ........................... 23 2.9 Foreign Groups ........................... 24 2.10 Group Parameters .......................... 25 2.11 Listing Groups ............................ 31 2.12 Sorting Groups ............................ 32 2.13 Group Maintenance ......................... 34 iii iv 2.14 Browse Foreign Server ........................ 34 2.15 Exiting Gnus ............................. 35 2.16 Group Topics ............................ 35 2.16.1 Topic Commands ...................... 37 2.16.2 Topic Variables ....................... 39 2.16.3 Topic Sorting ........................ 40 2.16.4 Topic Topology ....................... 40 2.16.5 Topic Parameters ...................... 41 2.17 Misc Group Stuff .......................... 42 2.17.1 Scanning New Messages ................... 43 2.17.2 Group Information ..................... 44 2.17.3 Group Timestamp ...................... 45 2.17.4 File Commands ....................... 46 2.17.5 Sieve Commands ...................... 46 3 Summary Buffer 47 3.1 Summary Buffer Format ....................... 48 3.1.1 Summary Buffer Lines .................... 48 3.1.2 To From Newsgroups .................... 52 3.1.3 Summary Buffer Mode Line ................ 53 3.1.4 Summary Highlighting ................... 54 3.2 Summary Maneuvering ....................... 54 3.3 Choosing Articles .......................... 55 3.3.1 Choosing Commands .................... 55 3.3.2 Choosing Variables ..................... 57 3.4 Scrolling the Article ......................... 57 3.5 Reply, Followup and Post ...................... 58 3.5.1 Summary Mail Commands ................. 58 3.5.2 Summary Post Commands ................. 60 3.5.3 Summary Message Commands ............... 61 3.5.4 Canceling Articles ...................... 61 3.6 Delayed Articles ........................... 62 3.7 Marking Articles ........................... 64 3.7.1 Unread Articles ....................... 64 3.7.2 Read Articles ........................ 64 3.7.3 Other Marks ......................... 65 3.7.4 Setting Marks ........................ 66 3.7.5 Generic Marking Commands ................ 68 3.7.6 Setting Process Marks .................... 69 3.8 Limiting ............................... 70 3.9 Threading .............................. 71 3.9.1 Customizing Threading ................... 72 3.9.1.1 Loose Threads .................. 72 3.9.1.2 Filling In Threads ................. 76 v 3.9.1.3 More Threading ................. 76 3.9.1.4 Low-Level Threading ............... 77 3.9.2 Thread Commands ..................... 78 3.10 Sorting the Summary Buffer ..................... 79 3.11 Asynchronous Article Fetching ................... 80 3.12 Article Caching ........................... 82 3.13 Persistent Articles .......................... 83 3.14 Article Backlog ........................... 83 3.15 Saving Articles ............................ 84 3.16 Decoding Articles .......................... 87 3.16.1 Uuencoded Articles ..................... 88 3.16.2 Shell Archives ........................ 88 3.16.3 PostScript Files ....................... 88 3.16.4 Other Files ......................... 89 3.16.5 Decoding Variables ..................... 89 3.16.5.1 Rule Variables .................. 89 3.16.5.2 Other Decode Variables ............. 89 3.16.5.3 Uuencoding and Posting ............. 90 3.16.6 Viewing Files ........................ 91 3.17 Article Treatment .......................... 91 3.17.1 Article Highlighting ..................... 92 3.17.2 Article Fontisizing ...................... 93 3.17.3 Article Hiding ........................ 93 3.17.4 Article Washing ....................... 95 3.17.5 Article Header ........................ 99 3.17.6 Article Buttons ....................... 99 3.17.6.1 Related variables and functions .......... 100 3.17.7 Article button levels ..................... 101 3.17.8 Article Date ......................... 102 3.17.9 Article Display ........................ 103 3.17.10 Article Signature ....................... 103 3.17.11 Article Miscellanea ..................... 104 3.18 MIME Commands .......................... 104 3.19 Charsets ............................... 107 3.20 Article Commands .......................... 108 3.21 Summary Sorting .......................... 108 3.22 Finding the Parent .......................... 109 3.23 Alternative Approaches ....................... 110 3.23.1 Pick and Read ........................ 110 3.23.2 Binary Groups ........................ 111 3.24 Tree Display ............................. 112 3.25 Mail Group Commands ....................... 114 3.26 Various Summary Stuff ....................... 116 3.26.1 Summary Group Information ................ 117 vi 3.26.2 Searching for Articles .................... 117 3.26.3 Summary Generation Commands .............. 118 3.26.4 Really Various Summary Commands ............ 118 3.27 Exiting the Summary Buffer ..................... 118 3.28 Crosspost Handling ......................... 120 3.29 Duplicate Suppression ........................ 121 3.30 Security ............................... 122 3.31 Mailing List ............................. 123 4 Article Buffer 125 4.1 Hiding Headers ........................... 126 4.2 Using MIME ............................ 128 4.3 Customizing Articles ......................... 129 4.4 Article Keymap ........................... 132 4.5 Misc Article ............................. 133 5 Composing Messages 135 5.1 Mail ................................. 136 5.2 Posting Server ............................ 136 5.3 Mail and Post ............................ 137 5.4 Archived Messages .......................... 138 5.5 Posting Styles ............................ 140 5.6 Drafts ................................ 142 5.7 Rejected Articles .......................... 143 5.8 Signing and encrypting ....................... 144 6 Select Methods 145 6.1 Server Buffer ............................. 146 6.1.1 Server Buffer Format .................... 146 6.1.2 Server Commands ...................... 147 6.1.3 Example Methods ...................... 147 6.1.4 Creating a Virtual Server .................. 149 6.1.5 Server Variables ....................... 149 6.1.6 Servers and Methods .................... 150 6.1.7 Unavailable Servers ..................... 150 6.2 Getting News ............................ 151 6.2.1 NNTP ............................ 151 6.2.1.1 Direct Functions ................. 154 6.2.1.2 Indirect Functions ................ 155 6.2.1.3 Common Variables ................ 156 6.2.2 News Spool ......................... 157 6.3 Getting Mail ............................. 158 6.3.1 Mail in a Newsreader .................... 158 6.3.2 Getting Started Reading Mail ................ 159 vii 6.3.3 Splitting Mail ........................ 159 6.3.4 Mail Sources ......................... 161 6.3.4.1 Mail Source Specifiers .............. 161 6.3.4.2 Function Interface ................ 167 6.3.4.3 Mail Source Customization ............ 167 6.3.4.4 Fetching Mail ................... 168 6.3.5 Mail Back End Variables ................... 168 6.3.6 Fancy Mail Splitting ..................... 169 6.3.7 Group Mail Splitting .................... 172 6.3.8 Incorporating Old Mail ................... 174 6.3.9 Expiring Mail ........................ 175 6.3.10 Washing
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