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Myodocopid Ostracoda from Exuma Sound, Bahamas, and from Marine Caves and Blue Holes in the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico

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Myodocopid Ostracoda from Exuma Sound, Bahamas, and from Marine Caves and Blue Holes in the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico Myodocopid Ostracoda from Exuma Sound, Bahamas, and from Marine Caves and Blue Holes in the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico LOUIS S. KORNICKER and THOMAS M. 1LIFFE W9\ I SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 606 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. I. Michael Heyman Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 606 Myodocopid Ostracoda from Exuma Sound, Bahamas, and from Marine Caves and Blue Holes in the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico Louis S. Kornicker and Thomas M. lliffe Smithsonian Institution Press Washington, D.C. 2000 ABSTRACT Komicker, Louis S., and Thomas M. Iliffe. Myodocopid Ostracoda from Exuma Sound, Bahamas, and from Marine Caves and Blue Holes in the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 606, 98 pages, 56 figures, 6 maps, 5 tables, 2000.—Sixteen species in four families of myodocopine ostracodes were collected from a sub- marine escarpment on the SW edge of Exuma Sound at water depths of 62 m to 142 m. Seven new species from this collection are described and illustrated: Vargula exuma, Eurypylus eagari, E. hapax, Eusarsiella ryanae, Rutiderma schroederi, Diasterope procax, and Synaster- ope browni. Danielopolina kakuki, a new species of troglobitic (cave-limited) halocyprid ostracod in the family Thaumatocyprididae from Oven Rock Cave, Great Guana Cay, Great Bahama Bank, Bahamas, is described and illustrated. New records are presented for three troglobitic halocyp- rid ostracodes: Spelaeoecia bermudensis Angel and Iliffe, 1987 (from Church and Bitumen caves, Bermuda), Spelaeoecia mayan Kornicker and Iliffe, 1998 (from Cenote 27 Steps, Quin- tana Roo, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico), and Danielopolina mexicana Kornicker and Iliffe, 1989 (from Cenote 27 Steps and Cenote Ponderosa in Quintana Roo, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico). The collecting localities are described in detail, and a general discussion is included on marine caves and their biota. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Annals of the Smithsonian Institution. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kornicker, Louis S. Myodocopid Ostracoda from the Exuma Sound, Bahamas, and from marine caves and blue holes in the Baha- mas, Bermuda, and Mexico / Louis S. Kornicker and Thomas M. Iliffe. p. cm. - (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 606) Includes bibliographic referecnces (p. 95). 1. Myodocopida-Bahamas-Exuma Sound. 2. Myodocopida-Bahamas. 3. Myodocopida-Bermuda Islands. 4. Myodocopida-Mexico. I. Iliffe, Thomas M. II. Title. HI. Series. QL1.S54 no. 606 [QL444.O85] 59Os-dc21 [595.3'3] 99-37720 © The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984. Contents Page Introduction 1 Terminology 2 Abbreviations 4 Sampling Methods 4 Sampling Results 4 Cave Zonation 7 Disposition of Specimens 7 Acknowledgments 7 Description of Collection Localities 8 Physical and Chemical Parameters of the Escarpment and Caves 15 Biogeographic Comparisons 15 Temporal Effect 16 Superorder MYODOCOPA Sars, 1866 16 Order MYODOCOPIDA Sars, 1866 16 Suborder MYODOCOPINA Sars, 1866 16 Superfamily CYPRIDINOIDEA Baird, 1850 16 Family CYPRIDINIDAE Baird, 1850 16 Subfamily CYPRIDININAE Baird, 1850 16 Vargula Skogsberg, 1920 16 Vargula exuma, new species 16 Vargula species indeterminate 26 Skogsbergia Koraicker, 1974 30 Skogsbergia lerneri (Kornicker, 1958) 30 Superfamily SARSIELLOIDEA Brady and Norman, 1896 30 Family SARSIELLIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896 30 Subfamily SARSIELLINAE Brady and Norman, 1896 30 Eusarsiella Cohen and Kornicker, 1975 30 Eusarsiella ryanae, new species 30 Eusarsiella costata (Kornicker, 1958) 45 Eusarsiella species indeterminate 45 Eurypylus Brady, 1869 45 Eurypylus hapax, new species 45 Eurypylus eagari, new species 49 Family RUTIDERMATIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896 53 Subfamily RUTIDERMATIDINAE Brady and Norman, 1896 53 Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896 53 Rutiderma schroederi, new species 53 Superfamily CYLINDROLEBERIDOIDEA Muller, 1906 61 Family CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE Muller, 1906 61 Subfamily CYLINDROLEBERIDINAE Muller, 1906 61 Diasterope Kornicker, 1975 61 Diasterope procax, new species 61 Synasterope Kornicker, 1975 72 Synasterope browni, new species 72 Parasterope Kornicker, 1975 77 Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920) 77 Genus and Species Indeterminate 81 in iv SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Subfamily ASTEROPTERONINAE Kornicker, 1981 81 Actinoseta Kornicker, 1958 81 Actinoseta chelisparsa Kornicker, 1958 81 Asteropella Kornicker, 1975 85 Asteropella species indeterminate 85 Order HALOCYPRIDA Dana, 1853 85 Suborder HALOCYPRIDINA Dana, 1853 85 Superfamily HALOCYPRIDOIDEA Dana, 1853 85 Family HALOCYPRIDIDAE Dana, 1853 85 Subfamily DEEVEYINAE Kornicker and Iliffe, 1985 85 Spelaeoecia Angel and Iliffe, 1987 85 Spelaeoecia bermudensis Angel and Iliffe, 1987 85 Spelaeoecia capax Kornicker in Kornicker et al., 1990 85 Spelaeoecia styx Kornicker in Kornicker et al., 1990 85 Spelaeoecia mayan Kornicker and Iliffe, 1998 86 Superfamily THAUMATOCYPRIDOIDEA Muller, 1906 86 Family THAUMATOCYPRIDIDAE Muller, 1906 86 Danielopolina Kornicker and Sohn, 1976 86 Danielopolina mexicana Kornicker and Iliffe, 1989 86 Danielopolina exuma Kornicker and Iliffe, 1998 86 Danielopolina kakuki, new species 86 Appendix: Station Data with Specimens Collected 92 Literature Cited 95 Myodocopid Ostracoda from Exuma Sound, Bahamas, and from Marine Caves and Blue Holes in the Bahamas, Bermuda, and Mexico Louis S. Kornicker and Thomas M. Iliffe Introduction Suarez-Morales and Iliffe, 1996), in addition to more than 50 new genera (Sket, 1997). Within the last 15 to 20 years, the development of special- ized cave diving techniques has opened the doors to a new and It is of interest to note that crustaceans dominate the lists of previously unsuspected biological realm in anchialine caves. fauna exclusively occurring in anchialine habitats, and some Faunal surveys of anchialine caves in Bermuda (Sket and Iliffe, crustacean taxa are much better represented than others. For 1980; Iliffe et al., 1983; Iliffe, 1994; Kornicker and Iliffe, example, among the Ostracoda, halocyprids are far more 1989b), the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico (Kornicker and important as anchialine troglobites than either myodocopids or Iliffe, 1989a; Iliffe, 1993), the Canary Islands (Iliffe et al., polycopids that include mostly troglophilic species. Halocyp- 1984; Kornicker and Iliffe, 1995); the Galapagos Islands (Kor- rids include regressive and convergent characters (depigmen- nicker and Iliffe, 1989; Iliffe, 1991), the Balearic Islands tation, loss of eyes), expected adaptations (increase in tactile (Jaume, 1995; Jaume and Boxshall, 1995, 1996a,b), the Cape and chemical sensitivity, increase in metabolic economy, Range Peninsula of Western Australia (Humphreys, 1993; development of pedomorphic forms), certain trends in life Humphreys and Adams, 1991), and Croatia (Sket, 1986), cycles (such as K strategies, which include longer duration of among other locations, have resulted in the discovery of a phases of the life cycle, lack of reproductive cycles, tendency diverse array of new marine taxa. These discoveries have toward direct development), and development of certain repro- included a new class of crustaceans (Yager, 1981), two new ductive strategies (low fecundity, increase in egg size, a orders of Peracarida and Copepoda (Bowman et al., 1985; Fos- decrease in number of eggs) (Camacho et al., 1992:181). shagen and Iliffe, 1985), and six new families or subfamilies of These features, however, are not exclusively found in cave ani- Isopoda,
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