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Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 14 | No. 2 | November 2015 | Hal. 42-60 PERAN PARTAI D(02.5$6, I INDONESIA PERJUANGAN DALAM MEMENANGKAN PASANGAN GANJAR PRANOWO - HERU S8'-$702.2 PADA P,/*8% JATENG 2013. Oleh : Drs. Susilo Utomo, M. Si Abstract This study intends investigate the role of PDI in winning pair Ganjar Pranowo-Heru Sudjatmoko in Central Java Governor lection 2013. The research method uses a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews with key figures Success Team Couple Ganjar- Heru. The results show that the role of PDI was very decisive in determining the victory of the Central Java Governor lection 2013. Political Role of the PDI-P that took the role as political recruiter and as an engine pollster or mass mobilization. ,eywords - Political Partai, Political Recruitment and Political .ote Seeker, The /ocal lection. atar Belakang Pemilihan umum kepala daerah secara langsung (Pemilukada) yang telah dilaksanakan se ak tahun 2005 merupakan mekanisme demokrasi yang memberikan kesempatan kepada rakyat untuk menentukan pilihan pasangan kepala daerah yang dikehendakinya secara langsung. Melalui Pemilukada pasangan calon kepala daerah kemudian dituntut untuk lebih dekat dengan rakyat, lebih memahami persoalan daerah setempat yang kemudian diharapkan dapat men adi basis penentuan kebi akan yang lebih baik sehingga bermuara pada pencapaian kese ahteraan rakyat di daerah yang lebih efektif. Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 yang men adi landasan hukum bagi penyelenggaraan Pemilukada memberikan ketentuan tentang syarat pencalonan pasangan kepala daerah dimana pasangan calon kepala daerah dapat dilakukan melalui alur perseorangan maupun diusung oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik. Dalam hal pasangan calon kepala daerah melalui alur perseorangan, hal tersebut baru berlangsung se ak direvisinya UU No 32 Tahun 2004 men adi UU No 12 Tahun 2008. Dalam pasal 5, UU No 12 Tahun 2008 menyebutkan bahwa peserta pemilihan kepala daerah dan wakil kepala daerah adalah : 1. Pasangan calon yang diusulkan oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik dengan syarat memenuhi persyaratan sekurang-kurangnya 15 . dari umlah kursi DPRD atau 15. dari akumulasi perolehan suara sah dalam pemilihan umum anggota DPRD di daerah yang bersangkutan. 2. Pasangan calon perseorangan yang didukung oleh se umlah orang yang dbuktikan dengan surat dukungan yang disertai dengan fotokopi 0artu Tanda Penduduk atau surat keterangan tandan penduduk dengan umlah sebagaimana dalam tabel 1.1 : 42 Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 14 | No. 2 | November 2015 | Hal. 42-60 Tabel 1.1 Persyaratan Dukungan Pasangan Calon Perseorangan Daerah 3umlah Penduduk Dukungan Minimal Provinsi Sampai Dengan 2 uta 4,5 . 7ebih dari 2 uta sampai 4 uta 5 . 7ebih dari 4 uta sampai 12 uta 4 . 7ebih dari 12 uta 3 . 0ab10ota Sampai dengan 250 ribu 4,5. 7ebih dari 250 ribu sampai 500 ribu 5 . 7ebih dari 500 ribu sampai 1 uta 4 . 7ebih dari 1 uta 3 . Sumber : UU No 12 Tahun 2008 Disamping dukungan minimal sebagaimana tabel di atas, persyaratan tersebut harus pula memenuhi persyaratan persebaran dimana untuk tingkat provinsi tersebar di lebih dari 50. umlah kabupaten1kota diprovinsi tersebut. Sedangkan untuk kabupaten1kota tersebar di lebih dari 50. umlah kecamatan di kabupaten1kota tersebut. 0iprah pasangan calon kepala daerah melalui alur perseorangan menun ukkan fakta yang kurang mampu bersaing dengan pasangan calon kepala daerah yang diusung oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik. Tidak semua pemilukada baik ditingkat kabupaten1kota maupun provinsi diikuti oleh pasangan calon kepala daerah dari alur perseorangan. Demikian halnya dengan kemenangan yang diraih oleh pasangan calon kepala daerah melalui alur perseorangan. 2anya sedikit pasangan calon kepala daerah dari alur perseorangan yang mampu meraih kemenangan. Di 3awa Tengah dari 28 Pemilukada yang digelar sepan ang 2010-2012 hanya 10 kabupaten1kota yang diikuti oleh pasangan calon kepala daerah dari alur perseorangan dengan 14 pasangan. Namun demikian tidak ada satu pasangan pun yang mampu meraih kemenangan. 5ahkan sebagian besar pasangan kepala daerah tersebut hanya memperoleh suara di bawah sepuluh persen. Pasangan calon kepala daerah dari alur perseorangan yang memperoleh persentase suara tertinggi adalah pasangan 5udhi Sarwono-0usumo 6inahyu sebesar 34,1,. dalam Pemilukada 0abupaten 5an arnegara tahun 2011 sebagaimana nampak dalam tabel 1.2. : 43 Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 14 | No. 2 | November 2015 | Hal. 42-60 Tabel 1.2. Pasangan Calon Perseorangan Dalam Pemilukada di Jawa Tengah 2010-2012 No Nama Pasangan Pemilukada Persentase Perolehan Suara 1 Supriyadi- Abdul 0holiq 0ota Pekalongan 4,11 . 2 2 Supriyono-Nasikhin 0ab 0endal 4,28. 3 Drs.Mulyono-Imam 5aihaqi 0ab Rembang 4,17. 4 Ir. 2. Yahya Amin-2 N Suryana 0ab Rembang 17,71. 5 Drs. 0oent oro-Raha eng E R 0ota Magelang 5,27. 4 Drs. 7egiman M-Drs. 2artono 0ab Purwore o ,,74. 7 Drs. Ashal 5adri-2M Fatkhur R 0ab Purwore o 2,27. 8 Angko Setiyarsa- 2 Sudiyo 0ab Purwore o 8,35. , Sumardiyo-2 Muchson 0ab 6onosobo 2,48. 10 Drs. 2 Sularno-2 0ushar on 0ab Sragen 0,,7. 11 Danang 6i aya-Sumiyarno 0ab Sragen 1,,4. 12 2 Slamet 6arsito-Sri Mulyani 0ab Pati 14,3,. 13 Sri Merditomo-0arsidi 0ab Pati 14,47. 14 Sri Susahid-2asan 0ab Pati 0,72. 15 5udhi Sarwono-0usumo 6 0ab 5an arnegara 34,1,. 14 0ol Imam D amhuri-Cashuri 0ab Pekalongan 1,87. Sumber : 0PU 3awa Tengah,2012 Dari tabel di atas menun ukkan bahwa dari 14 pasangan calon kepala daerah dari alur perseorangan hanya emat pasangan yang berhasil meraih persentase di atas sepuluh persen. Data tersebut menun ukkan bahwa pasangan calon kepala daerah dari alur perseorangan tidak mampu secara efektif menarik suara pemilih, sebaliknya pasangan calon kepala daerah yang diusung oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik mampu menarik suara pemilih. Atas dasar fakta tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa, partai politik tidak sa a men adi kendaraan pasangan calon kepala daerah dalam proses pencalonan semata namun uga mampu men adi mesin politik yang cukup efektif dalam menarik suara pemilih. Dalam sistem demokrasi, keberadaan partai politik merupakan sebuah keniscayaan dan merupakan institusi utama dalam melakukan fungsi-fungsi politik (9abriel Almond, 1,74, h. 45). Partai politik didefinisikan sebagai grup atau kelompok masyarakat yang menun ukkan cirri utama sebagai kelompok kepentingan yang tu uan utamanya mengarah pada penguasaan abatan publik.Sedang Fungsi-fungsi politik, terdiri atas artikulasi kepentingan, agregasi kepentingan, sosialisasi politik, recruitment politik dan komunikasi politik. 44 Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 14 | No. 2 | November 2015 | Hal. 42-60 Dalam hal Pemilukada maka fungsi rekrutimen atau seleksi pemimpin yang dilakukan oleh partai politik men adi sangat penting, mengingat partai politik merupakan Akawah candra dimukaA bagi calon-calon kepala daerah Melalui partai politiklah calon pemimpin dididik, disiapkan sebagai kader partai untuk melaksanakan Aplatform dan ideologyB partai. Di 3awa Tengah dari semua pemilukada yang diselenggarakan se ak tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2013 semua dimenangi oleh pasangan calon kepala daerah yang diusung oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik. 3ika melihat hasil pemilihan umum (Pemilu) legislatif se ak tahun 1,,, hingga 2014 dapat disimpulkan bahwa 3awa Tengah merupakan daerah basis PDI Per uangan. PDI Per uangan selalu men adi partai dengan perolehan suara terbanyak dalam 4 Pemilu terakhir. Untuk Pemilu DPRD 3awa Tengah, pada tahun 1,,, PDI Per uangan mampu meraih 42,8 persen dari total suara sah, 2,,8 persen di tahun 2004, dan 23 persen di tahun 200, dan 27 . pada pemilu legislative 2014. Demikian halnya untuk pemilu di tingkat DPRD 0abupaten10ota. PDI Per uangan merupakan partai yang mampu menguasai sebagaian besar kabupaten1kota di 3awa Tengah. Dari 35 kabupaten1kota di 3awa Tengah PDI Per uangan mampu men adi pemenang di 33 0abupaten10ota dalam Pemilu 1,,,. PDI Per uangan hanya kalah di 0abupaten Magelang dan 0abupaten 3epara. Sedangkan pada Pemilu 2004, PDI Per uangan mampu unggul di sepuluh kabupaten1kota dan pada Pemilu 200, PDI Per uangan mampu unggul di 23 kabupaten1kota. Dari 28 Pemilukada 0abupaten10ota di 3awa Tengah yang diselenggarakan sepan ang 2010 hingga Februari 2013 tercatat PDI Per uangan mampu meraih kemenangan di 13 kabupaten1kota, dimana 4 kabupaten1kota mampu diraih secara mandiri atau tanpa berkoalisi dengan partai lainnya dan 7 kabupaten1kota diraih dengan berkoalisi. Sedangkan di 15 kabupaten1kota PDI Per uangan mengalami kekalahan dimana di 8 kabupaten1kota PDI Per uangan mengusung pasangan calon kepala daerah secara mandiri dan di 7 kabupaten1kota diusung dengan berkoalisi sebagaimana nampak dalam tabel 1.3. 45 Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Vol. 14 | No. 2 | November 2015 | Hal. 42-60 Tabel 1.3. Capaian PDIP Dalam Pemilukada Kab/Kota Di Jawa Tengah 2010-2013 N,. MEN.NG N,. K. .H DENG.N 1. Kab. Banjarnegara : 001022 1. Kab. Pekalongan : 371012 K,. ISI (P. 9olkar, PDIP, PPP, P0S, P. (P05, PDIP). P.RT.I 9erindra, P0NU, P. 2anura, P5R, Kab. Wonosobo : 171372 K,. ISI PPRN, P. 5arnas). 2. (PAN dan PDIP). Kab. Boyolali : 001332 Kota Pekalongan : 001802 (PDIP dan P05). 3. (PAN, PPP, PDIP, P05, P. 9erindra, 2. Kab. Klaten : 401232 P. Demokrat, P0NU). (PDIP, P0S, P. Demokrat). Kota Salatiga : 31472 3. Kab. Semarang : 001702 (PDIP, PAN, PDS, dan P. 9olkar). (PDIP, P. Demokrat, PAN, P. Kab. Wonogiri : 281132 4. 2anura). 4. (PDIP dan P0S). Kota Magelang : 031332 Kab Cilacap : 381932 (PDIP, PAN,dan P0S). (PDIP, Demokrat, P05,PPP, P0S, 5. Kab. Purbalingga : 371392 5. 9erindra) (PDIP, PAN,
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