DOCSLIB.ORG

Short Code Proposed ETL Mark III IBM and the Summa Theologica

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Short Code Proposed ETL Mark III IBM and the Summa Theologica ETL. It employed 130 [July 1], who worked for IBM at transistors, 1,800 germanium the time. diodes, and its 128-word July This was not IBM's first foray memory unit employed into religious indexing, which ultrasonic delay elements that had begun in 1949 due to the used glass as a medium. Short Code efforts of the Jesuit priest, Proposed Roberto Busa [Nov 28]. July 1949 IBM and the Short Code was the first Summa Theologica Spreadsheet relatively high-level computer language in the sense that its July 1957 Programming statements were mathematic The Summa Theologica is July 1961 expressions rather than machine considered the greatest work of instructions. It also supported Richard Mattessich published medieval philosophy. It was branching and calls to library the article "Budgeting Models written by St. Thomas Aquinas functions. and System Simulation" in the between 1265 and 1272, and July 1961 issue of The The language was first proposed spans some sixty volumes. Accounting Review in which he by John Mauchly [August 30] at In 1957, IBM was asked by the discussed (in very general the end of July 1949, originally Pontifical faculty of Philosophy terms) how conventional as "Brief Code", and the first accounting spreadsheets might prototype, by William Schmitt, be modeled in FORTRAN IV. The was running later that year on software would calculate the the BINAC [April 4] . He ported it results of formulae expressed as to the UNIVAC [March 31] in the addition or subtraction of 1950, and it also popped up on subscripted input data. There the UNIVAC II in 1952, was no notion of an interactive implemented by A. B. Tonik and GUI as typified by VisiCalc [May J. R Logan. Its programs ran 11]. almost 50 times slower than the equivalent machine code, which This was followed by several 'proved' to many people that programming languages which high-level languages were never made it easier to write the going to be a viable coding tool. formulae, including BCL (Business Computer Language) The BINAC was also home to the by R. Brian Walsh in 1962, C-10 machine code by Mauchly AutoPlan/AutoTab by A. Leroy and Betty Holberton [March 7], Ellison, Harry N. Cantrell, and developed in 1947, the first Russell E. Edwards in 1968, and language to use mnemonic LANPAR (LANguage for names for operations (e.g. “a” for Programming Arrays at add and “b” for bring). Random) by Rene K. Pardo and Remy Landau in 1969. APL's [Dec 17] core use of A page from Thomas Aquinas' ETL Mark III multidimensional arrays made it Summa theologiae, 1482. July 1956 a good choice for building spreadsheet languages, resulting in Milan to create an index and When the Mark III came into in the IBM Financial Planning concordance of the Summa, and operation at Japan’s and Control System by Brian Pope John XXIII was so delighted Electrotechnical Laboratory Ingham, and APLDOT designed with the results that he (ETL) in July, it became the first by the US Railway association, conferred the Knights Grand stored-program transistor both in 1976. Cross of the Order of computer, and was amazingly St. Sylvester upon Thomas None of these offered an also only the second electronic Watson, Jr. [Jan 14], and his interactive grid-based user computer completed in Japan, brother Arthur. Other notable interface like that of VisiCalc. after the vacuum tube-based members of the Order include FUJIC [Nov 16]. Bob Hope and Oscar Schindler. The Mark III's development was In adition, the experience gained conducted by Takahashi Shigeru, during the project contributed Nishino Hiroji, Matsuzaki towards the development of the Isokazu and Kondo Kaoru of the KWIC Index by Hans Peter Luhn Electronics Research Division at 1 burgeoning hacker culture in the Laboratories Record" (BLR) First Computer lab during the 1960s and 1970s. magazine printed an article The ITS 1.5 Reference Manual, about the system and its Graphics Cover by Donald Eastlake, was issued teaching materials during this July 1965 some time during this month. month. The July 1965 issue of Fortune In keeping with the hacker The computer operated by sported the first magazine cover ethos, there were no passwords, means of pencil and sliding tabs, drawn using computer graphics. every file was editable, and it with any arithmetic out-sourced was easy to watch and kill any to the user. The machine It illustrated a story entitled user processes. Notable supported a generous 100 "The 500 Biggest Industrials", software written on the ITS memory cells which could hold and so featured a large "500" in included Emacs [Oct 2], MacLisp integers from 0 to ±999. A rich the foreground, colored red, [Dec 25], Macsyma [previous ten operation instruction set white, and blue, surrounded by entry], and SHRDLU [Feb 24]. allowed the CARDIAC to add, numerous red and blue arrows subtract, test, shift, input, The ITS name was chosen by pointing optimistically upwards. output, and jump. Tom Knight as a humorous The image had been generated callback to the earliest time- in black and white on a PDP-1 sharing OS from MIT, the [Nov 00] borrowed from Bolt, Compatible Time-Sharing Beranek & Newman [Oct 15], System (CTSS [May 3]). and the colors added later by applying filters to different ITS's host PDP-10 is also photographs taken of the image remembered for its "More displayed on the PDP-1's screen. Magic" switch, a little home- made switch glued to the frame of one of its cabinet. The switch had two positions, labeled Macsyma Begins ‘magic' and ‘more magic'. Close examination by curious hackers July 1968 revealed that the switch had Macsyma (Project MAC’s only one wire running to it, and SYmbolic MAnipulator) became the other end, though connected one of the first computer algebra to the wiring, was ultimately systems, and inspired many connected to a ground pin. later systems, such as Maple, Clearly the switch was useless: The front of the CARDIAC. (c) and Mathematica [June 23]. It not only was it electrically non- Bell Telephone Labs 1968. was developed at MIT’s Project operative, but it was connected to a place that couldn't affect MAC [July 1] by Carl Engelman, Programs were run by moving William A. Martin, and Joel anything anyway. So one of the hacker flipped the switch. three tabs (in the shapes of Moses, and coded in Maclisp, beetles) so that the number in making it the largest LISP The PDP-10 promptly crashed. the instruction register equaled program of the time. Its This time Richard Greenblatt the number in the memory cell. development also helped When a beetle moved to the next improved LISP's support for was called upon. He inspected it, concluded it was indeed useless, memory cell, the user was numerical computing and directed by an arrow to what efficient compilation. and utilized some diagonal cutters to remove it. The PDP-10 operation to perform next. In 1982, Macsyma was licensed was rebooted, and ran without The manual and kit can be found to Symbolics [March 15]. any problems. online at https://www.cs.drexel.edu/~bls 96/museum/cardiac.html ITS Described CARDIAC: Very The CARDIAC wasn't the first paper-based digital computer; July 1969 Arresting that was probably the PAPAC-00 The Incompatible Timesharing July 1969 a two-register, one-bit device, System (ITS) was an influential created by Rollin P. Mayer, and OS developed mainly by Richard The CARDIAC (CARDboard printed in the Communications Greenblatt [Dec 25] and Stewart Illustrative Aid to Computation) of the ACM [Sept 15], Sept. 1959. Nelson in the MIT AI lab, initially was a learning aid for teaching For more educational computer as a deliberate move away from high school students how kits, see [Feb 22], [April 30], the complexity of Project MAC’s computers worked. It was [Sept 30]. Multics project [Nov 30], but it developed by David Hagelbarger eventually became better known and Saul Fingerman at Bell Labs as one of the catalysts for the in 1968, but the "Bell 2 road department. They had been When PLATO IV became The NRI 832 inspired by observing another operational at the University of July/August 1971 group of students at Lakeside Illinois during the summer of School who were currently 1972, it offered several major The National Radio Institute doing this job manually. innovations: Bitzer’s orange (NRI) Journal (Vol. 28, No. 4) Incidentally, Traf-O-Data wasn't plasma screen with bitmapped announced its new home-study the pair's first business venture graphics, a microfiche selector computer electronics course, – see [Nov 18]. that permitted colored images to which included (probably) the be projected on the back of the The project required special very first computer kit, the NRI screen under program control, hardware to read the tapes, but 832. and a 16×16 grid infrared touch neither Gates nor Allen had any panel [Nov 27]. The 832 used around 50 TTL hardware design experience. So chips, a 16-byte diode switch they headed over to the matrix memory, and an University of Washington’s additional 16 bytes of TTL (UW) Physics building (now SRAM. Its operator’s panel held known as Mary Gates Hall) 128 switches, and offered light where they eventually found bulb outputs. Paul Gilbert, an EE student, worked in the high-energy The kit was designed by Lou tracking lab. He became a Frenzel, a long-time electronic partner in the business, and in hobbyist/maker, who later return built a microcomputer became Vice President of Heath using the newly released Intel Company, where he started 8008 [April 00] while Gates and Heathkit’s [July 00] personal Allen wrote its software.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Itty Bitty Micro Company | ______| | 8080 Future Drive | | | | | Rochester, NY 14650 | | ITTY | | | | | BITTY | | | | | MICRO | | | | | | | | |______| | /
    _____________ / /| /____________/ | Itty Bitty Micro Company | _________ | | 8080 Future Drive | | | | | Rochester, NY 14650 | | ITTY | | | | | BITTY | | | | | MICRO | | | | | | | | |_____________| | / ............ / | January 22, 1980 / ............ / / /______________/ / |_______________|/ Dear Wiz, I know, I know... the West Coast Computer Faire is coming up FAST! You SAID you're on vacation; but I KNOW you, man! You're probably still at home, hacking on that PDP-8 you got at the hamfest. Well, forget that old crap. THIS IS IMPORTANT! The boards for "Project Z" arrived. PLEASE get them assembled and working NOW! If we don't have something INCREDIBLE for the show, we're dead! I already talked to Jim Warren, and got a great booth at the show, right across from Heathkit. I put everything in the box we could find. You've got the boards (aren't they GORGEOUS?), all the parts (I hope!), and every scrap of paper Chip thought you might need. Crash also burned his latest monitor program into the EPROM, and wrote some docs on it. Remember, this is going to be the world's first POCKET COMPUTER! There's no time to get a custom case; so for now just stick it in an Altoids tin. It's a hacker classic, and "everyone knows" you can't make a computer that small (but WE can)! In a world full of big beige boxes, we've got something people will REMEMBER! This is going to be SO much more powerful than your little "Altaid 8800" (that Altair 8080 in a Altoids tin)! Yours truly, Gil Bates Emperor of Marketing Itty Bitty Micro Company cc: Chip Hacker, hardware herder Crash Kernigan, codemeister Wiz Wireman, solderking Trace Weaver, PCB artiste 1 2 Introduction January 1975.
    [Show full text]
  • Related Links History of the Radio Shack Computers
    Home Page Links Search About Buy/Sell! Timeline: Show Images Radio Shack TRS-80 Model II 1970 Datapoint 2200 Catalog: 26-4002 1971 Kenbak-1 Announced: May 1979 1972 HP-9830A Released: October 1979 Micral Price: $3450 (32K RAM) 1973 Scelbi-8H $3899 (64K RAM) 1974 Mark-8 CPU: Zilog Z-80A, 4 MHz MITS Altair 8800 RAM: 32K, 64K SwTPC 6800 Ports: Two serial ports 1975 Sphere One parallel port IMSAI 8080 IBM 5100 Display: Built-in 12" monochrome monitor MOS KIM-1 40 X 24 or 80 X 24 text. Sol-20 Storage: One 500K 8-inch built-in floppy drive. Hewlett-Packard 9825 External Expansion w/ 3 floppy bays. PolyMorphic OS: TRS-DOS, BASIC. 1976 Cromemco Z-1 Apple I The Digital Group Rockwell AIM 65 Compucolor 8001 ELF, SuperELF Wameco QM-1A Vector Graphic Vector-1 RCA COSMAC VIP Apple II 1977 Commodore PET Radio Shack TRS-80 Atari VCS (2600) NorthStar Horizon Heathkit H8 Intel MCS-85 Heathkit H11 Bally Home Library Computer Netronics ELF II IBM 5110 VideoBrain Family Computer The TRS-80 Model II microcomputer system, designed and manufactured by Radio Shack in Fort Worth, TX, was not intended to replace or obsolete Compucolor II the Model I, it was designed to take up where the Model I left off - a machine with increased capacity and speed in every respect, targeted directly at the Exidy Sorcerer small-business application market. Ohio Scientific 1978 Superboard II Synertek SYM-1 The Model II contains a single-sided full-height Shugart 8-inch floppy drive, which holds 500K bytes of data, compared to only 87K bytes on the 5-1/4 Interact Model One inch drives of the Model I.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 4 Sinclair ZX80 Computer 1/24/2013
    Sinclair ZX80 computer Page 1 of 4 Home Page Old Ads Links Search Buy/Sell! Sinclair ZX80 Anouncedced: February 1980 Available: Late 1980 Price: £99.95 / US$199.95 How many: 50,000 Weight: 12 ounces CPU: Zilog Z80A @ 3.25MHz RAM: 1K, 64K max Display: 22 X 32 text hooks to TV Ports: memory, cassette Peripherals: Sinclair thermal printer OS: ROM BASIC For just $199.95, you can get a complete, powerful, full- function computer, matching or surpassing other personal computers costing several times more. The Sinclair ZX80 is an extraordinary personal computer, compact and briefcase sized, it weighs just 12oz, yet in performance it matches and surpasses systems many times its size and price. The ZX80 is an advanced example of microelectronics design. Inside, it has one-tenth the number of parts of existing comparable machines. In 1980, British company Sinclair released their ZX80 computer for £99.95 (British pound available in the United States, it is considered to be the world's first computer for under U that's what Sinclair Research Ltd stated in all of their ads. At the bottom of the magazine advertisements was an order form: "Please send me __ ZX computer(s) for $199.95 each ..." The ZX-80 was designed with only the base necessit the shelf components - there are no custom or propri involved. An external cassette drive, typical of the era, is the o loading and saving programs. Even cheaper at £75.95 in a kit form, the inexpensive Sinclair ZX-80 introduced many people to the computer world who might otherwise have forth due to the perceived high prices of other albeit more capable computer systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Osborne 1 Computer
    Osborne 1 computer http://oldcomputers.net/osborne.html Timeline: ( Show Images ) Osborne 1 1970 Datapoint 2200 Introduced: April 1981 1971 Kenbak-1 Price: US $1,795 1972 Weight: 24.5 pounds CPU: Zilog Z80 @ 4.0 MHz 1973 Micral RAM: 64K RAM Scelbi-8H Display: built-in 5" monitor 1974 Mark-8 53 X 24 text 1975 MITS Altair 8800 Ports: parallel / IEEE-488 SwTPC 6800 modem / serial port Sphere Storage: dual 5-1/4 inch, 91K drives OS: CP/M Compucolor IMSAI 8080 IBM 5100 1976 MOS KIM-1 Sol-20 Hewlett-Packard 9825A PolyMorphic Cromemco Z-1 Roma Offerta Coupon www.GROUPON.it/Roma Apple I Ogni giorno sconti esagerati Giá oltre Rockwell AIM 65 319.000.000€ risparmiati. 1977 ELF, SuperELF VideoBrain Family Computer Defend your Privacy www.eurocrypt.pt Apple II Secure Crypto Mobile , 3G, pgp Emails and Wameco QM-1A Computer encryption Vector Graphic Vector-1 RCA COSMAC VIP ThermoTek, Inc. www.thermotekusa.com Commodore PET Solid state recirculating chillers Thermal Radio Shack TRS-80 Management Solutions Atari VCS (2600) NorthStar Horizon Heathkit H8 Heathkit H11 1978 IBM 5110 Exidy Sorcerer Ohio Scientific Superboard II Synertek SYM-1 APF Imagination Machine Cromemco System 3 1979 Interact Model One TRS-80 model II Bell & Howell SwTPC S/09 Heathkit H89 Atari 400 Atari 800 TI-99/4 Sharp MZ 80K 1980 HP-85 MicroAce Released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer Corporation, the Osborne 1 is considered to be the first true portable computer Acorn Atom - it closes-up for protection, and has a carrying handle.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Heath Companies and Heathkits: 1909 to 2019
    The History of the Heath Companies and Heathkits: 1909 to 2019 © 2019 Erich E. Brueschke, KC9ACE and Michael Mack The genesis of the Heath companies can be traced to ideas preceding the founding of the E. B. Heath Aerial Vehicle Company in 1909 by Edward Bayard Heath. Although Edward Heath was primarily a figure in the very early days of aviation, he recognized that meeting people’s needs and giving them a sense of participation greatly enhanced outcomes. He was widely known as a pilot, instructor, barnstormer, and manufacturer in his day, and as the progenitor of the kit concept for airplanes, his influence on the later Heath Company that sold Heathkits extended well beyond his death in 1931. This paper covers the history of the Heath companies from inception in 1909 to the present day. Built on the tenets of “hands-on learning,” a “build-it-yourself” approach, “cost savings,” and “customer ser- vice,” Heath Company became the largest manufacturer of electronic kits in the world. Photographs and information on a select number of individual early kits are included to assist in understanding the post-WWII days of rapid changes and the growing pains the company experienced at the start. From 1947 to 1992, the Heath Company sold millions of electronic kits. The factors responsible for this success and its decline are discussed. Some of the key factors that led to its decline were beyond its control—for example, the company was sold many times to owners with varying degrees of interest in support- ing the company. As of December 2018, the Heath Company was located in Santa Cruz, California, for design and manufacturing, and Ottsville, Pennsylvania, for operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Saving Our CLASSIC Heath 8-Bit Machines!
    Saving Our CLASSIC Heath 8-Bit Machines! The Society of Eight Bit Heath Computerists' Monthly Newsletter Volume V, Number 5 $2.50 a copy, $24.00 a year December, 1990 Subscription/Order Blank on Page 9 "Nothing L i ke This Ever Happened Hi th Our Old Heathki t Computer!" ®0G 1990 SEBHC JOURNAL Volume V, Number 5, Page 2 The READER ’S MAILBOX Dear Lenny, [Hey, Dave! Thanks for so generously offering up your extra Because I do believe in our crusade to save the [H/Z] 8- copy of HDOS 2.0. We don’t need it here, but surely there’s bit aachines, I [have] sent copies of the enclosed letter to soae deserving H/Z 8-bit user who’s willing to take it off all the vendors listed in the last [V5:3] edition of the your hands for the “handling and shipping cost" of—say, $35. SE8HC JOURNAL. [See text of Corky’s letter below. — ed] Also, this is an excellent season for soaeone new to coapu- Keep up the good work Lenny! ters to start out learning how to run their ‘senior aachine" with soae very good "senior operator" helping thea get that "CORKY" C E KIRK jr, 270 Kapualam Street, Hilo, HI 96720 HDOS 2.0 systea up’n running. We think that it’s best that whoaever wants or needs your HDOS 2.0 very badly will contact "Gentleaen: you directly, Really Soon Now! And please keep us inforaed, "On-going coaaents in the Society of Eight Bit Heath Coa- y’all hear?! — ed] puterists aonthly newsletter (SE8HC JOURNAL) out of Ann Arbor Michigan, and wore currently in the October 1990 issue (Vol- Dear Lenny, uae V, Nuaber 3), talk of the need for support of the I’a looking for Microsoft’s BASIC COMPILER on 5.25" hard- suppliers who are supplying products to the 8-bit area of the sector HDOS discs.
    [Show full text]
  • Memon/80 Users Manual
    MEMON /80 USERS MANUAL Version 2.6 1 May 2019 Martin Eberhard TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ......................................................... 1 RAM Requirements ..................................................... 1 Console and Transfer I/O Ports ....................................... 1 Supported Disk Controllers ........................................... 2 Memon/80 Commands .................................................... 3 ? (Print Help Message) ........................................... 3 Memory Commands .................................................... 3 CO <SOURCE> <DEST> <COUNT> [<REPEAT>] (Copy Memory) ............ 3 DU [<ADDRESS> [<COUNT>]] (Dump Memory) ......................... 3 EN [<ADDRESS>] (Enter Memory Data) ............................. 3 FI [<ADDRESS> [<COUNT> [<VALUE>]]] (Fill Memory) ............... 3 MT <ADDRESS> <COUNT> {ROM2K} (Test Memory) ..................... 3 SE <ADDRESS> <BYTE1> <BYTE2>.. <BYTEn> {ROM2K} (Search Memory) . 4 SE <ADDRESS> ’Text string’ {ROM2K} (Search Memory) ............. 4 VE <ADDRESS1> <ADDRESS2> <COUNT> (Verify Memory) ............... 4 8080 I/O Port Commands ............................................. 4 IN <PORT> (Input from Port) ................................... 4 OT <PORT> <DATA> (Output to Port) ............................. 4 Execution Commands ................................................. 4 BO [<Drive>] (Boot from Floppy Disk) ........................... 4 CE <Command Line Text> {ROM2K} (Execute CP/M program) ......... 4 EX [<ADDRESS>][<Option>] (Execute)
    [Show full text]
  • The Newsletter of the Livingston Amateur Radio Klub (LARK) Howell, Michigan
    The LED The newsletter of the Livingston Amateur Radio Klub (LARK) Howell, Michigan February 2019 Who 8 Darrell’s Spicy Bacon W8DSB Good morning all LARK members! Let's talk about the hotspots which many members built. Now that all our hotspots are up and running, there are a few things to make them work a little better. First, backup the configuration in case something goes sideways. The SD cards in the hot spots are 16GB. The image by default is only using 4GB of it. You can expand the working space by going into the Configuration | Expert | SSH Access then run “SUDO pistar-expand” then “SUDO reboot”. Once it reboots, the system will have more memory to use, therefore making it faster. The SD card provided to you is a “Class 10” rated card, which mean a minimum guaranteed read / write of 10 mb/s. If you replace the card with a faster card the speed it takes to boot up and cache data will be faster. See the chart below: I used a program named “CheckFlash” to test 17 SD cards. Two (2) cards (Samsung and PNY) failed to hold minimum speed. Most of the cards passed all about the same between 17mb/s and 18mb/s. No matter what brand or what markings Class 10 and/or U1 all the cards passed using a smart pattern written to and read from the cards. In order to see a noticeable speed difference in your hotspot, we found that using the best grade of a U1 or any U3 SD cards decreases your boot time from ~3 minutes to ~35 seconds.
    [Show full text]
  • Heathkit Catalogue 1980
    (R Canadian Catalogue No. 004 FALL, 1980 Nv Audio Processor glees you conplele control of c1 New high -power Asdio Amplifier for the ultimate in stereo listening i 4 New low-cost MilrOproCes.Or, Trainer teachés ou prográmming ....,.. New Digital Depth Sounder makes boslina safer and more funl New loiV ost Digital 'Prague cy Coe 1 F¡s Nand -held Digit 11rN } C Frequency Counter i RUES .1 New Mieropro ssor Programmrngi Visa or Master Course require no electronic O der background cardss to I -~.--------"Ill, credit build CENTRES m+ y TRO IC : Neathktt Products onday . ssti ay ',..,- tams ELEC `,i tot your INDEX open rest you ° FOR HARDY Across Canada, don PAGE 51 for location Shop-At -Home gEE SackBack P -Mall for en OrderOrd -Ely 2 - nr".`..1 eiscrimination .:r Ground Balance modes/ Built-in speaker - operate without headphones Fully adjustable Discrimination Great first-time kit - AM Shaft adjusts to your height Pocket Radio is fun to build and use Meter mounts for Large speaker for right or left $ 95 fine sound hand use Practical start to kitbuilding Easy -grip Adjustable shaft handle for easy use, This pocket Portable is a practical first kit and a first LLit convenient storage rate performer. Take it camping, to the beach, use it around home. It's fast and easy to build - an ideal Search head way to introduce someone else (or yourself) to kit - folds flat for building. Famous Heathkit step-by-step Instructions easy storage assure success. Features 31/2" speaker. 4" H x 71/2" W a x 2" D.
    [Show full text]
  • Kaypros in the Evolution & Revolution of Portable Personal Computers [PPC]
    TITLE Significance of 1980 Kaypros in the Evolution & Revolution of Portable Personal Computers [PPC] By Frank J. Gadek, Ph.D. © 02/26/2008 ABSTRACT “It is difficult to know where you are going, unless you know where you have been.” In the early 1980’s, only three portable personal computers [PPCs] existed: The Kaypro and Osborne using the CP/M operating system [the first true portable] and the Compaq using MS-DOS [the first MS-DOS portable]. Many of the Kaypro’s innovations and features (“Compleat”{Complete} computer, affordable price, bundled home and business software, suitcase style, rugged construction, detachable keyboard, etc.) established some of the standards for PPCs. But long term business success depends on more than a good product by an established customer oriented electronic company. Regrettably, Kaypro filed for bankruptcy in 1993, a little more than 7 years from its start. Osborne bankruptcy filing was only about 3 years after they began. Compaq continued on with an incredible long term record of successes! Why? SIGNIFICANCE OF 1980 KAYPROS IN THE EVOLUTION & REVOLUTION OF PORTABEL PERSONAL COMPUTERS [PPC] FRANK GADEK © 02/26/2008 ABSTRACT CORRECTION Please note that there are some errors in the abstract printed and online of the TCF program with respect to this presentation. These errors are corrected in the above abstract. This is my fault in submitting the original abstract and I apologize for any inconvenience it may have caused. As far as I could determine, Osborne was not involved with Kaypro in making their computers. Nor was he employed by Kaypro. He did leave the Osborne Computer Company [OCC] before it filed for bankruptcy.
    [Show full text]
  • HEATHKIT Computers Ad, September 1977, BYTE Magazine
    A new value standard in personal computing systems featuring two powerful computers with better software, full documentation and service support from the Heath Company. Heath Company has been interested and involved have the most reliable protection for your com­ with personal computing since we first marketed puter investment available anywhere. an analog computer system all the way back in System versatility. Both Heathkit computers offer 1957. This continuing interest, along with the re­ full expansion potential to provide outstanding cent technological advances that have brought flexibility and adaptability to meet any applica­ personal computing to the forefront of the elec­ tion. Mass storage capability is available in both tronics marketplace, has given us the opportunity audio cassette and paper tape format on the H8 to think through the recent developments, and and in paper tape format on the H11 for added develop two "total design" computer systems convenience. Additional memory expansion that give the computer hobbyist, whether begin­ boards can be added to either unit, along with ne r or advanced, everything needed for REAL an expanding number of I/O devices. power, performance and reliability - at prices that give you MORE value and performance for Continuing Development. Heath will continue to your computer dollar! design and develop new compatible products for their computer systems. Coming in the future Total system design. The Heathkit computer line, will be - floppy disk storage, line printer, ad­ both hardware and software, has been designed ditional appli cations programs, and self­ from the ground up to be a total computing sys­ instructional courses in programming tem that meets all the needs of the computer and assembly languages.
    [Show full text]
  • The Independent Newsletter of Heath Co. Computers Heath® Sets Plans for Higher S·2S" Disk Capacity, P
    #Jl32S Pennsylvania Avenue, S.E. ISSN 0193-6832 Washington, DC 20003 202/ S44-0484 Single copy price: $2 Editor: Charles Floto 12 issues for $r8 ($2s overseas) r8 issues for $2s ($3s overseas) Editorial deadline: January 27, 1981 24 issues for $30 ($4s overseas) The Independent Newsletter of Heath Co. Computers Heath® sets plans for higher S·2S" disk capacity, p. r... $9s HDOS Pascal, p. r... HDOS software for iv1BASIC or HDOS BASIC, p. r... CP/ M software and H89 mass storage from Magnolia, p. r... Program eases single-drive CP/M, p. 2 ... H89 1/0 expansion kit, p. 2... HDOS "Invasion" game, p. 2... HDOS home finance system, p. 2... Heath/ Zenith seen passing Commodore in 1981 sales, p. 3··· New Keyboard Studio products, p. 3··· Super RTTY for HDOS, p. 3··· Single voltage converter for Trionyx H8 RAM, p. 3··· Roy S. Reichert's H89: "almost total silence", p. 4··· HDOS word­ processing for $6o, p. 4··· Osborne BASIC software on cassette and disk, p. 4··· HT -I r XBASIC enhancements, p. 4··· No improvement likely in Heath® support of Hrr, p. S··· CP/M master catalog program and text formatter, p. S··· More on TECO with Hrr, p. S·· · Bob Ryan likes ESCON Selectric interface, p. S··· Cooling the Hr7-3, p. 6... FOR SALE, p. 6... Get 14 more sectors per HDOS S·2S" disk, p. 6... HDOS MBASIC statistics programs, p. 6... Osborne business zoftware for CP/ M & CBASIC 2, p. 6 ... Bilofsky's MYCHESS graphics, INVADERS, CP/M versions, p. 7··· Supplier update, p.
    [Show full text]