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History of the Christian Church, from the Apostolic Age to The Dear Reader, This book was referenced in one of the 185 issues of 'The Builder' Magazine which was published between January 1915 and May 1930. To celebrate the centennial of this publication, the Pictoumasons website presents a complete set of indexed issues of the magazine. As far as the editor was able to, books which were suggested to the reader have been searched for on the internet and included in 'The Builder' library.' This is a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by one of several organizations as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. Wherever possible, the source and original scanner identification has been retained. Only blank pages have been removed and this header- page added. The original book has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. 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Please do not assume that a book's appearance in 'The Builder' library means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. The Webmaster : HISTORY CHRISTIAN CHURCH FROM THE APOSTOLIC AGE TO THE REFORMATION. A.D. 64-1517. BY JAMES C. ROBERTSON, M.A., CANON OF CANTERBURY, AND PROFESSOR OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY IN KING's COLLEGE, LONDON. IN EIGHT VOLUMES.-VOL. IV. A NEW AND REVISED EDITION. NEW IMPRESSION. LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1903. [The right of Translation is reser^ied,^ PRINTED BY HAZEIL, WATSON AND VINEY, LD., LONDON AND AYLESBURY, — CONTENTS OF VOL. IV. List of Popes and Sovereigns ... Page BOOK V. continued. FROM THE DEATH OF CHARLEMAGNE TO THE DEPOSITION OF POPE GREGORY VI., A.D. 814-IO4.6. CHAPTER V. From the Deposition of Charles the Fat to the Death of Pope Sylvester II., a.d. 887-1003. VI CONTEN're. CHAPTER VII. The British Churches—Missions of the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries. CONTENTS. trU Page Page III. Rites and Usages . 182 (6.) Pilgrimages . 192 (i.) Ritualists ib. (7.) Architecture. , 194 (2.) Martyrologies and le- Glass-staining 195 gends 183, (8.) Penance .196 St. Martial an apostle . 184 Excommunication and Canonization 186 anathema . 197 (3.) Reverence for the blessed Interdict 198 I Virgin 187 1(9.) The Truce of God 199 (4.) All Souls' Day . 188 ! IV. Chivalry . 204 (5.) Relics .... BOOK VI. FROM THE DEPOSITION OF POPE GREGORY VI. TO THE DEATH OF POPE CELESTINE III., A.D. IO46-II98. CHAPTER I. The Pontificates of Clement II., Damasus IL, Leo IX., Victor IL, Steihen IX., Nicolas IL, and Alexander IL, A.D. 1046-1073. II. Troubles . Clement ... at Milan . 248 Legation of Peter Damiani 253 Council at Rome . 254 Decree as to election of popes 255 Treaty with Robert Guiscard 258 Norman conquests in Italy and Sicily . 260 Death of Nicolas. 261 Alexander II. and Cadalous. 262 Abduction of Henry IV. 264 Synod of Osbor . 266 Peter Damiani in retirement. 267 Youth of Henry IV. 268 Adalbert of Bremen . 269 Council of Mantua . 274 Renewed troubles at Milan . ib. Troubles at Florence . 280 Henry IV. and Bertha . 281 Last days and death of Adal- bert . .282 Disorders of Germany . 284 Deaths of Alexander and P. Damiani .... 287 viii . CONTENTS. tx Page Page Siege of Antioch 399 Deaths of Guibert and Philip Siege of Jerusalem 405 420 Kingdom of Jerusalem 409 Henry IV. in Germany 422 Results of the crusades 413 Rebellion of the younger The Sicilian monarchy 418 Henry .... 425 Death of Urban II.—Pas- Abdication of Henry IV. 427 challl. 419 His death and character 429 CHAPTER V. England from the Norman Conquest to the Death of St. Anselm, a.d. 1066-1108. Effects of the Conquest . 432 Disagreements between Wil Lanfranc archbishop of Can- liam and Anselm 450 terbury . .435 Council of Rockingham 453 Ecclesiastical policy of the Acknowledgment of Urban 455 Conqueror . 438 Anselm goes to Rome . 457 Communications with Gre- Exile and recall of Anselm lb. gory VII. 440 Question of homage 460 William Rufus . , 443 Second exile of Anselm 464 Anselm .... 445 Reconciliation with Henry I 465 His promotion to Canterbury 448 Death of Anselm 468 IJST OF POPES AND SOVEREIGNS. Popes OF Rome. {From ]a.ff6*s I^eg-es/a.) (The names In brackets are those of anti-popes.) A.D, A.D. A.D. A.Dl 885. Stephen V. .891 985. John XV. .996 891. Formosus . 896 996. Gregory V. 999 896. Boniface VI. (May-June) [John XVI. 997-8.] Stephen VI. 897 999. Sylvester II. 1003 897. Romanus (July- Nov.) 1003. JohnXVL(Jan. 13-Dec. 7). Theodore II. (Nov. -Dec.) John XVII. 1009 898. John IX. 900 1009. Sergius IV. 1012 goo. Benedict IV. 1012. Benedict VIII. I024 903. Leo. V. (Aug. -Sept.) [Gregory, Jan. -Dec. 1012.] Christopher. 904 1024. John XVIII. 1033 904. Sergius III. .911 1033. Benedict IX. 1046 911. Anastasius III. 913 [Sylvester III. 1044-6.] 913. Lando. 914 1045. Gregory VI. 1046 914. John X. 928 1046. Clement II. 1047 928. Leo VI. 929 1047. Damasus II. 1048 929. Stephen VII. 931 1048. Leo IX. 1054 931. John XL . 936 1054. Victor II. 1057 936. Leo VII. 939 1057. Stephen IX. 1058 939. Stephen VII I. 942 [Benedict X. 1058-9.] 942. Marinus II. 946 1059. Nicolas II. 1061 946. Agapetus 11. .955 1061. Alexander II. 1073 955. John XII. .963 [Honorius II. 1061-9.] 903. Leo VIII. , .965 1073. Gregory VII. 1085 [Benedict V. May-June 964.] [Clement III. 1080-1100.] 965- John XII] 972 1086. Victor III. 1087 Benedict VI. 972. 974 1088. Urban II. 1099 [Boniface VII. July- Aug. 974.] 1099. Paschal II. ,1118 974. Benedict VII. 983 [Theodoric, iioo.] 983. John XIV. 984 [Albert, 1 102.] [Boniface VII. again 984 5.J [Sylvester TV no^-im.] 1 LIST OF POPES ANIi SOVEREIGNS. Eastern Emperors. A.D. A.D. 886. Leo VI. (the Philosopher) 911 /Alexander 912 Constantine VII. (Porphyrogenitus—alone from . Y J 945) 959 Romanus I. (Lecapenus) 945 ?^ J 959- (^gig (Christopher, Stephen, Constantine VIII.) 959. Romanus II 963 963. Nicephorus Phocas 969 969. John Tzimisces 976 ^^. (Basil II 1025 970- -j Constantine IX 1028 1028. Romanus III. (Argyrus) 1034 1034. Michael IV. (the Paphlagonian) 1041 1041. Michael V. (Calaphates) . 1042 1042 Zoe. I to < Constantine X. (Monomachus) 1054 1056. ( Theodora (alone from 1054) 1056 1056. Michael VI. (Stratioticus 1057 1057. Isaac Comnenus 1059 1059. Constantine XII. (Ducas) 1067 r K Eudocia ' I in7T ^°°7- ' j Romanus IV. (Diogenes) ) {Michael VII. (Parapinaces) | Andronicus I \ 1078 Constantine XII. .......) 1078. Nicephorus III. (Botoniates) 108 1081. Alexius I. (Comnenus) 1118 Western Emperors. (The date in the first colunm is that of succession to the kingdom of Germany ; that in th* »econd, of the Imperial Coronation.) 887 Amulf 899 Guy ^ Lambert ( ^i^^l^^ Emperors.^ Lewis of Provence 1 Berengar / ^""^"^- kowl^r) '^'"S^ °' Sr/L-Cthe : Z \ Otho 1 973 OthoII 983 Otho III 1002 Henry 11. , 1024 Conrad II. ... - ... - 1039 Henry in. , 1056 Henry IV "06 Henry V XI25 . XJ1 LIST OF POPES AND SOVEREIGNS. Kings of France. A.D 888. OdoorEudes . 898 89S. Charles III, (the Simple) 946. Lewis IV. (d'Outre-mer) 954 954. Lothair 986 986. Lewis V. (le Faindant) 987 98 7. Hugh Capet 996 996, Robert I. 103 1 7031. Henry I. 1060 1060. Philip I. 1 108 Kings of England. 871. Alfred 901 901. Edward the Elde 924 924. Athelstan . 941 941. Edmund 946 946, Edred 955 955. Edwy 959 959. Edgar 975 975. Edward the Martyr . 978 978. Ethelred II. (the Unready) 1016 1016. Edmund Ironside 1016 1016. Canute 1035 1035. Harold (Harefoot) 1039 1039. Hardicanute 1042 1042. Edward the Confessor 1066 1066, Harold 1066 1066. William I. (the Conqueror) 1087 1087. William II. (Rufus) . HOG 100. Henry I. "35 —; HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. BOOK V. (Continued). FROM THE DEATH OF CHARLEMAGNE TO THE DE- POSITION OF POPE GREGORY VI., a.d. 814-1046. CHAPTER V. FROM THE DEPOSITION OF CHARLES THE FAT TO THE DEATH OF POPE SYLVESTER II. A.D. 887-1003. We now for the first time meet with a long period including the whole of the tenth century—undisturbed by theological controversy. But we must not on this account suppose that it was an era of prosperity or happiness for the church. Never, perhaps, was there a time of greater misery for most of the European nations never was there one so sad and so discreditable for religion. The immediate necessities which pressed on men diverted their minds from study and speculation. The clergy in general sank into the grossest ignorance VOL.
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