(Rottb.) Maas Fruit Pericarp

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(Rottb.) Maas Fruit Pericarp NFS Journal 13 (2018) 1–9 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect NFS Journal journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nfs Original article A potential natural coloring agent with antioxidant properties: Microencapsulates of Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas fruit pericarp Jimenez-Gonzalez O.a, Ruiz-Espinosa H.a, Luna-Guevara J.J.a, Ochoa-Velasco C.E.b, ⁎ Luna Vital D.c, Luna-Guevara M.L.a, a Ingenieria en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. b Departamento de Bioquimica-Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, 14 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. c Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, IL 61801, United States. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Microencapsulates of ethanolic extracts of Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas fruit pericarp were obtained by spray Encapsulates drying. Physicochemical properties (pH, °Bx, titratable acidity, maturity index, moisture content and color), Antioxidant properties bioactive compounds (anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds) and antioxidant capacity of the fresh fruit Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas pericarp were assessed. Microencapsulates were produced by feeding a 1:3 mixtures of ethanolic extracts (en- Pericarp capsulated material) and different encapsulating agents (maltodextrin, gum arabic and a 1:1 mixture of both) to Spray drying the spray dryer. Physical properties (yield, particle size, moisture, color, wettability, bulk and compact densities) Pigment of the resulting powders were determined while both stability of antioxidant compounds and maintenance of antioxidant capacity were evaluated during a 28-day storage at 4 and 25 °C. Fresh pericarp was an important source of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins which heavily contributed to fruit color parameters. The highest yield 21.58% and moisture content 2.45% were observed in powders with 1:1 maltodextrin-gum arabic ratio. Gum arabic microencapsulates better preserved anthocyanins (10.37 ± 2.38, 11.65 ± 0.58, mg Cyd-3- Glu/g) and phenolic (7.58 ± 0.51, 8.70 ± 1.28 mg GAE/g) at both storage temperatures 4 and 25 °C, re- spectively. Two individual anthocyanins were identified by HPLC: cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O- glucoside. While maltodextrin capsules exhibited increased stability of antioxidant compounds and activity at 4 °C storage. Evaluated microencapsulates might represent a suitable alternative as a natural coloring agent with potential antioxidant activity. 1. Introduction altering histamine release and hypersensitivity [3]. Besides, at very high intake of synthetic colorants have been related to a higher in- The food industry regularly uses both natural and synthetic ad- cidence of chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer [4]. In addition, ditives to help maintaining sensory characteristics in the final product well beyond their role as coloring agents, it is well known that natural such as flavor, color and texture or to improve their technological pigments may act as antioxidant agents, thus conveying additional performance. Among substances added to foodstuffs, coloring agents benefits to human health [5,6]. The most common natural pigments are some of the most widespread used as they play a key role in im- found in food sources, especially fruits and vegetables, include car- proving quality perception and product acceptability [1]. In this sense, otenoids, chlorophylls, betalains and anthocyanins [5,7]. coloring agents are required to compensate for color modifications About 23,500 different plant species can be found in Mexico; a high suffered by the product throughout processing and during storage [2]. proportion of these is used in rural communities throughout the country However, the utilization of synthetic colorants is controversial as sev- as sources of foods, beverages, medicines, tools, fuels, among others eral studies have shown that they may have harmful effects on chil- [8,9]. In particular, the Northern Puebla State possess a great diversity dren's health, contributing to hyperactivity, attention deficit and other of edaphoclimatic conditions that allows both growth and, in certain behavior disorders; besides, they may intensify asthma symptoms by cases, exploitation of several vegetable resources, such as Renealmia ⁎ Corresponding author: Colegio de Ingenieria en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. E-mail address: [email protected] (M.L. Luna-Guevara). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2018.08.001 Received 15 May 2018; Received in revised form 31 August 2018; Accepted 31 August 2018 Available online 05 September 2018 2352-3646/ © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH on behalf of Society of Nutrition and Food Science e.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/). O. Jimenez-Gonzalez et al. NFS Journal 13 (2018) 1–9 alpinia (Rottb.) Mass (Zingiberaceae) [10], a wild plant locally known 2.3. Production of encapsulates as xkijit (in Totonac language) with edible fruits. The yellow seeded pulp is consumed, while pericarp is discarded; however, the latter ex- 2.3.1. Preparation of feeding mixes hibits an intense dark red color that might be used as a source of natural Maltodextrin (MDX) with dextrose equivalents of 4.0–7.0 (Sigma- colorants. From the food safety standpoint, this is feasible as [11] re- Aldrich, USA) and gum arabic (GA) (Meyer, Mexico) were used as en- ported that pericarp is innocuous for human consumption, while Vega- capsulating agents (EAs). Ethanolic extracts were mixed with the en- Arroy et al. [12] reported that pericarp tissue is rich in phenolic com- capsulating agents in a 1:3 ratio, adjusting solids to 20°Bx [19]. Three pounds and anthocyanins with high antioxidant capacity. It is well different EAs proportions were used: MDX only, a 1:1 weight mixture of known that, these compounds and other antioxidants are unstable when MDX and GA (MDX:GA) and GA only; all mixtures were homogenized at exposed to different environmental conditions like sunlight, oxygen, room temperature using a magnetic stirrer. pH, etc. [13]; consequently, different techniques have been developed to protect them from such factors. Spray-drying microencapsulation has 2.3.2. Spray drying been used as a suitable alternative for protecting fruit-obtained natural Mixtures were fed to a bench-top spray dryer (SEV Prendo, Mexico) pigments (anthocyanin, carotenoids, etc.) preserving their antioxidant equipped with a 0.5 mm atomizer. A fixed flow rate of 40 ± 1 mL/min properties [14]. was provided by a peristaltic pump. The dryer was operated at an inlet fi During encapsulation with spray-drying, a polymer lm coats a tiny temperature of 150 ± 2 °C and an outlet temperature of 98 ± 2 °C, liquid droplet containing the compound of interest, which is later dried while rotation speed and air pressure were fixed. Mixtures were kept in a chamber where the microcapsule or microsphere is formed [15,16]. under constant agitation at 22 °C throughout the encapsulation process. As dehydration rapidly takes place, the appropriate selection of wall material and operating conditions is paramount for developing a suc- cessful encapsulation operation; besides, microencapsulate properties 2.4. Physical analysis of encapsulates might change depending on storage environments. Thus, this research deals with the formation of spray-dried microencapsulated pigments 2.4.1. Yield obtained from the ethanolic extract of R. alpinia fruit pericarp using Encapsulation yield was determined as described by Fang and selected wall materials, evaluating the maintenance of both color and Bhandari [20] using the following expression. antioxidant-related features (including anthocyanins, phenolic com- Powder obtained by spray drying() g Yield = × 100 pounds contents and antioxidant capacity) after processing and during Fruit concentrate() g+ EA () g (3) storage at selected temperature conditions. where: EA is the encapsulating agents used. 2. Materials and methods 2.4.2. Moisture Powder moisture was obtained gravimetrically by drying a 1 g 2.1. Raw material and physicochemical characterization powder sample in a convection oven at 105 °C to a constant weight [17]. Renealmia alpinia fruit samples were provided by a local producer from Northern Puebla, Mexico. Only damage-free fruits, with similar maturity stage were used. Upon arrival, pericarp was manually re- 2.4.3. Water activity (aw) moved from the pulp, placed and sealed in polyethylene bags and kept Water activity of encapsulates was obtained using a dew point hy- at −15 °C until used. Moisture, pH, titratable acidity, fruit soluble so- grometer (Aqualab Series 3TE) loading the cell with a 3 g sample. lids (°Bx) were determined, according to AOAC [17]. Maturity index was determined as °Bx/titratable acidity ratio. 2.4.4. Wettability Wettability was defined as the time required for a 0.1 g powder sample spread over the surface of 100 mL of distilled water at 25 °C to 2.1.1. Color completely submerge into the liquid [21]. CIE L*, a*, b* color parameters of both pericarp and micro- encapsulates were determined using a tristimulus colorimeter 2.4.5. Compact and bulk density (HunterLab, ColorFlex 45/0 Spectrophotometer); these parameters Bulk density was determined as the volume occupied by 2.5 g were used to calculate chroma (Eq. (1)) and hue (Eq. (2)) values. powder in a 10 mL graduated cylinder. Meanwhile, the Tappin method was used for compact density determination, where the sample was hit C∗ =+(a∗221/2 b∗ ) (1) on the flat surface up to a constant sample volume [22]. H°−∗∗= tan1 (b /a ) (2) 2.4.6. Microcapsule morphology Microcapsule morphology was observed by scanning electron mi- croscopy (SEM). The powder was placed on a sample holder and fixed with double-sided tape. Later, it was gold-sputter coated and observed 2.2. Pigment extraction in a Quanta FEG 250 SEM (FEI, USA).
Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Genus Elettaria Maton
    Cardamoms of South East Asia: phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Elettaria Maton Helena Båserud Mathisen Master of Science Thesis 2014 Department of Biosciences Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Oslo, Norway © Helena Båserud Mathisen 2014 Cardamoms of South East Asia: phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Elettaria Illustration on the front page: From White (1811) https://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo Acknowledgements There are plenty of people who deserve a big depth of gratitude when I hand in my master thesis today. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisors Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Charlotte Sletten Bjorå and Mark Newman for all help, patience and valuable input over the last 1.5 years, and especially the last couple of weeks. I could not have done this without you guys! Thanks to the approval of our research permit from the Forest Department in Sarawak, Axel and I were able to travel to Borneo and collect plants for my project. I would like to thank the Botanical Research Centre at Semenggoh Wildlife Centre in Sarawak, for all the help we got, and a special thanks goes to Julia, Ling and Vilma for planning and organizing the field trips for us. I would never have mastered the lab technics at Tøyen without good help and guideance from Audun. Thank you for answering my numerous questions so willingly. I would also like to thank My Hanh, Kjersti, Anette and Kine, for inviting me over for dinner and improving my draft and of course my fellow students at the botanical museum (Anne Marte, Karen and Øystein).
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE David G. I. Kingston I. ADDRESS Business: Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212 (540) 231-6570 (540) 231-3255 (FAX) E-Mail: [email protected] Home page: http://www.kingston.chem.vt.edu Home: 1409 Locust Avenue Blacksburg, Virginia 24060-5628 (540) 951-1761 II. PERSONAL DATA Born: November 9, 1938, London, England Married: Beverly Mark, June 18, 1966 Children: Joy Ellen, Born November 20, 1968 Christina Anne, Born October 9, 1970 Jonathan David, Born July 27, 1976 U. S. Citizen III. EDUCATION Whitgift School, Croydon, 1949-1956 B.A. (1st Class Honors), Cambridge University, 1960 Major: Chemistry Minor: Physics Dip. Th., London University, 1962 M.A., Cambridge University, 1963 Ph.D., Cambridge University, 1963 Advisors: Professor Lord Todd, F.R.S., Nobel Laureate, and Dr. D. W. Cameron Thesis: Pigments of the Aphididae IV. APPOINTMENTS Director, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, 2012-present. University Distinguished Professor, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1999-present. Professor of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1977-1999. Associate Professor of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1971-1977. Assistant Professor of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, N.Y., 1966- 1971. N.A.T.O. Fellow, Cambridge University, England, 1964-1966. Research Associate, Division of Biochemistry, Massachusetts
    [Show full text]
  • Rich Zingiberales
    RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: The Tree of Death: The Role of Fossils in Resolving the Overall Pattern of Plant Phylogeny Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil- rich Zingiberales Selena Y. Smith1,2,4,6 , William J. D. Iles1,3 , John C. Benedict1,4, and Chelsea D. Specht5 Manuscript received 1 November 2017; revision accepted 2 May PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order 2018. to construct a comprehensive “tree of death” and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; 1 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study MI 48109, USA to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies. 3 Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA METHODS: Eight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed 4 Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence Arbor, MI 48109, USA data for analysis in the program MrBayes. 5 School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA KEY RESULTS: Ensete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Literature
    Pharmacogn J. 2019; 11(6)Suppl:1511-1525 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com Phytochemical and Pharmacological Support for the Traditional Uses of Zingiberacea Species in Suriname - A Review of the Literature Dennis RA Mans*, Meryll Djotaroeno, Priscilla Friperson, Jennifer Pawirodihardjo ABSTRACT The Zingiberacea or ginger family is a family of flowering plants comprising roughly 1,600 species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes divided into about 50 genera. The Zingiberaceae are distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Many members are economically important as spices, ornamentals, cosmetics, Dennis RA Mans*, Meryll traditional medicines, and/or ingredients of religious rituals. One of the most prominent Djotaroeno, Priscilla Friperson, characteristics of this plant family is the presence of essential oils in particularly the rhizomes Jennifer Pawirodihardjo but in some cases also the leaves and other parts of the plant. The essential oils are in general Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of made up of a variety of, among others, terpenoid and phenolic compounds with important Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of biological activities. The Republic of Suriname (South America) is well-known for its ethnic and Suriname, Paramaribo, SURINAME. cultural diversity as well as its extensive ethnopharmacological knowledge and unique plant Correspondence biodiversity. This paper first presents some general information on the Zingiberacea family, subsequently provides some background about Suriname and the Zingiberacea species in the Dennis RA Mans country, then extensively addresses the traditional uses of one representative of the seven Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom genera in the country and provides the phytochemical and pharmacological support for these University of Suriname, Kernkampweg 6, uses, and concludes with a critical appraisal of the medicinal values of these plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Antinociceptive Activity of Essential Oils from Wild Growing and Micropropagated Plants of Renealmia Alpinia (Rottb.) Maas
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rec. Nat. Prod. 13:1 (2019) 10-17 Antinociceptive Activity of Essential Oils from Wild Growing and Micropropagated Plants of Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas Isabel Gómez-Betancur 1*, Dora Benjumea 1, Juan E. Gómez 1, Natalia Mejía 1 and Juan F. León 2 1 Programa Ofidismo-Escorpionismo, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 1226, Colombia 2 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States (Received January 26, 2018; Revised April 11, 2018; Accepted April 12, 2018) Abstract: Renealmia alpinia is a medicinal plant that has been cultivated and used for the treatment of headaches, abdominal pain, as a febrifuge and to treat snake bites in southeast Colombia and in the Caribbean islands. Moreover, its edible fruits are commonly used as spice in Mexico. The R. alpinia leave-extracts have shown enzymatic inhibition of Bothrops atrox and Bothrops asper snake poison. The extracts also showed effects as a peripheral analgesic agent. This report investigates the analgesic activity of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from wild and in vitro propagation samples of R. alpinia as well as the chemical profile using GC-MS. The essential oils isolated from R. alpinia evaluated on concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg showed significant antinociceptive effects in the test of acetic-acid-induced abdominal writhing, compared to the control animals. The essential oil of the wild flora leaves showed the highest percentage of pain inhibition by 200 mg/kg, concluding that the essential oil of R. alpinia presents antinociceptive activity in an in vivo model.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcoding of Commercialized Plants; an Examination of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in South-East Asia
    DNA barcoding of commercialized plants; an examination of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in South-East Asia Matilda Segersäll Arbetsgruppen för Tropisk Ekologi Minor Field Study 163 Committee of Tropical Ecology ISSN 1653-5634 Uppsala University, Sweden November 2011 Uppsala DNA barcoding of commercialized plants; an examination of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in South-East Asia Matilda Segersäll Supervisors: MSc. Hugo de Boer, Department of Organismal Biology, Systematic Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden. Dr. Hien Le Thu, Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam. Abstract Trade and commercialization of non‐timber forest products, like cycas palms, rattans, and orchids form a serious threat to biodiversity in South‐East Asia. The intensity at which these resources are collected, as well as the techniques used, are unsustainable. To distinguish between common and endangered species is complicated, especially of related species within the same family or genus. Molecular barcoding applied to plants uses DNA‐sequences to contribute to identification and distinction between species. In this paper we investigate the possibility of finding suitable barcodes for Amomum Roxb., a genus of well‐known medicinal plants in South‐East Asia, by comparing three genetic markers matK, ITS and trnL. Keywords. Amomum, barcoding, medicinal plants Table of Contents 1 Amomum ........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (E)-Β-Caryophyllene: a Systematic Quantitative Analysis of Published Literature
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Plant Natural Sources of the Endocannabinoid (E)-β-Caryophyllene: A Systematic Quantitative Analysis of Published Literature Massimo E. Maffei y Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy; massimo.maff[email protected]; Tel.: +39-011-670-5967 This work is dedicated to Husnu Can Baser for his 70th birthday. y Received: 7 August 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 7 September 2020 Abstract: (E)-β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural sesquiterpene hydrocarbon present in hundreds of plant species. BCP possesses several important pharmacological activities, ranging from pain treatment to neurological and metabolic disorders. These are mainly due to its ability to interact with the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) and the complete lack of interaction with the brain CB1. A systematic analysis of plant species with essential oils containing a BCP percentage > 10% provided almost 300 entries with species belonging to 51 families. The essential oils were found to be extracted from 13 plant parts and samples originated from 56 countries worldwide. Statistical analyses included the evaluation of variability in BCP% and yield% as well as the statistical linkage between families, plant parts and countries of origin by cluster analysis. Identified species were also grouped according to their presence in the Belfrit list. The survey evidences the importance of essential oil yield evaluation in support of the chemical analysis. The results provide a comprehensive picture of the species with the highest BCP and yield percentages. Keywords: plant species; essential oil; yield; percentages of (E)-β-caryophyllene; Belfrit list; plant part; geographical origin 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactions of Desmethoxyyangonin, a Secondary Metabolite from Renealmia Alpinia, with Human Monoamine Oxidase-A and Oxidase-B
    Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2017, Article ID 4018724, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4018724 Research Article Interactions of Desmethoxyyangonin, a Secondary Metabolite from Renealmia alpinia, with Human Monoamine Oxidase-A and Oxidase-B Narayan D. Chaurasiya,1 Francisco León,2 Yuanqing Ding,1 Isabel Gómez-Betancur,3 Dora Benjumea,3 Larry A. Walker,1,2 Stephen J. Cutler,1,4 and Babu L. Tekwani1,2 1 National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA 2Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA 3Programa de Ofidismo/Escorpionismo, Sede de Investigacion´ Universitaria, Facultad de Ciencias Farmaceuticas´ y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Torre 2, Laboratorio 631, Medell´ın, Colombia 4College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Babu L. Tekwani; [email protected] Received 23 April 2017; Revised 24 June 2017; Accepted 17 July 2017; Published 24 August 2017 Academic Editor: Cheorl-Ho Kim Copyright © 2017 Narayan D. Chaurasiya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae), a medicinal plant of tropical rainforests, is used to treat snakebites and other injuries and also as a febrifuge, analgesic, antiemetic, antiulcer, and anticonvulsant. The dichloromethane extract of R. alpinia leaves showed potent inhibition of human monoamine oxidases- (MAOs-) A and B. Phytochemical studies yielded six known compounds, including pinostrobin 1,4-methyl ether sakuranetin 2, sakuranetin 3, pinostrobin chalcone 4, yashabushidiol A 5, and desmethoxyyangonin 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Aswathi & Sabu C
    T REPRO N DU LA C The International Journal of Plant Reproductive Biology 7(2) pp.120-127, 2015 P T I F V O E B Y T I O E I L O C G O S I S T E S H DOI 10.14787/ijprb.2015 7.2.120-127 T Pollination Biology of Costus woodsonii Maas (Costaceae) P. Aswathi, K. Aswani & M. Sabu* Taxonomy Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala - 673 635, India *e-mail: [email protected] Received : 09.10.2014; Revised: 14.01.2015; Accepted & Published online: 15.02.2015 ABSTRACT Costus woodsonii is a perennial herb, belongs to the family Costaceae under the order Zingiberales. Inflorescence terminal, flowers emerge one at a time from bright red coloured bracts of inflorescence, flowers throughout the year. Anthesis occurs between 05:00–06:00 and the average life span of individual flower is 1 day. Anther dehiscence occurs between 03:00 and 03:30 through longitudinal slit. Flowers offer both nectar and pollen to visitors. Nectar secreted both in bract and flower. Pollen grains are polyporate and remains as viable still after 13 hours after anther dehiscence. Percentage of pollen viability is high at 07:00. High percentages of pollen grains are fertile (89.7 ± 0.8%) on the day of anthesis. In vitro pollen germination is found maximum in 1% of sucrose solution. Stigma becomes more receptive at 06:00 and stigma loss its receptivity after 15:00. Nectarinia asiatica, N. zeylonica are the main pollinators. Autogamy, geitonogamy and xenogamy were carried out, to check whether the species is self compatible or not.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Medicinal Plant Diversity in Ecuadorian Amazon Home Gardens
    Global Ecology and Conservation 17 (2019) e00524 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Global Ecology and Conservation journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/gecco Original Research Article Traditional ecological knowledge and medicinal plant diversity in Ecuadorian Amazon home gardens * Veronica Caballero-Serrano a, , Brian McLaren b, Juan Carlos Carrasco c, Josu G. Alday d, Luis Fiallos e, Javier Amigo f, Miren Onaindia g a Faculty of Science, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur 1 ½ km2, Riobamba, Ecuador b Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada c Faculty of Natural Resources, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur 1 ½ km2, Riobamba, Ecuador d Department of Crop and Forest Sciences-AGROTECNIO Center, Universitat de Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Spain e Faculty of Livestock Sciences, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo, Panamericana Sur 1 ½ km2, Riobamba, Ecuador f Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela USC, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain g Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Biscay, Spain article info abstract Article history: Medicinal plants are an ecosystem service directly implicated in human well-being. In Received 30 September 2018 many rural communities, they constitute a main treatment for disease or a source of Received in revised form 2 January 2019 disease prevention. Here, we review traditional knowledge of medicinal plants, the ben- Accepted 2 January 2019 efits they provide when cultivated in home gardens, and the determinants of knowledge about their uses in a rural parish in Amazonian Ecuador, where two ethnic groups prevail: Keywords: indigenous Shuar and settled mestizos.
    [Show full text]
  • Parentoffspring Conflicts, Optimal Bad Motherhood and the Mother Knows
    Parent–offspring conflicts, “optimal bad motherhood” and the “mother knows best” principles in insect herbivores colonizing novel host plants Carlos Garcıa-Robledo´ & Carol C. Horvitz Department of Biology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 249118, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0421 Keywords Abstract Exotic plants, feeding preference, larval and adult survival, oviposition preference, parent Specialization of insect herbivores to one or a few host plants stimulated the de- and offspring performance. velopment of two hypotheses on how natural selection should shape oviposition preferences: The “mother knows best” principle suggests that females prefer to Correspondence oviposit on hosts that increase offspring survival. The “optimal bad motherhood” Carlos Garcıa-Robledo,´ Departments of Botany principle predicts that females prefer to oviposit on hosts that increase their own and Entomology, National Museum of Natural longevity. In insects colonizing novel host plants, current theory predicts that initial History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013-7012. preferences of insect herbivores should be maladaptive, leading to ecological traps. Tel: 202 633 0920; Fax: 202 786 2563; Ecological trap theory does not take into account the fact that insect lineages fre- E-mail: [email protected] quently switch hosts at both ecological and evolutionary time scales. Therefore, the behavior of insect herbivores facing novel hosts is also shaped by natural selection. This research was funded by the J. McLamore Fellowship – University of Miami, the OTS Using a study system in which four Cephaloleia beetles are currently expanding (Organization for Tropical Studies) – Donald their diets from native to exotic plants in the order Zingiberales, we determined if and Beverly Stone and the Christiane and initial oviposition preferences are conservative, maladaptive, or follow the patterns Christopher Tyson Fellowships, the predicted by the “mother knows best” or the “optimal bad motherhood” principles.
    [Show full text]