DOCSLIB.ORG

(Zingiberaceae) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast Dna Sequences

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SYSTEMATICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF RENEALMIA L.F. (ZINGIBERACEAE) BASED ON NUCLEAR AND CHLOROPLAST DNA SEQUENCES MARION JANNES Master Sc. in Botanical Systematics and Evolution Gothenburg University / Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh / University of Oxford Supervisors: Alexandre Antonelli, [email protected] Claes Persson, [email protected] Toby Pennington, [email protected] Tiina Sarkinen, [email protected] Front page: Picture of Renealmia pluriplicata (Zingiberaceae), Heredia: Sarapiqui La Selva Biological Station, near the town of Puerto Viejo 60 m, COSTA RICA. © 2008 by Robbin Moran. Used with permission. ABSTRACT Species of Renealmia exist in Africa as well as in the Americas. Sequence data from two chloroplast markers (psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, and trnL-F region) along with the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to infer relationships within the geographically divided Renealmia. The psbA-trnH marker rendered low sequence divergence and adding it to previous ITS/ trnL- F data did not resolve outstanding problems. The psbA-trnH intergenic marker does not appear as a suitable region to unravel Renealmia or other recent radiated genera on the species level. The marker detected the recognised subfamilies Zingiberioideae and Alpinioideae of Zingiberaceae. Molecular divergence age estimates and the low sequence divergence confirm recent speciation proposed in Sarkinen et al. (2007) and long distance dispersal events (LDD). CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION RELATIONSHIPS AND CLASSIFICATIONS AIMS MATERIALS AND METHODS TAXON SAMPLING OUTGROUP SELECTION PLANT MATERIAL SELECTED GENETIC MARKER DNA EXTRACTION, GENE AMPLIFICATION, AND SEQUENCING PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES RESULTS AMPLIFICATION OF PSBA-TRNH INTERGENIC SPACER PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES DISCUSSION MOLECULAR ANALYSES PHYLOGENTIC ANALYSES CONCLUSIONS AKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES APPENDIX I INTRODUCTION The subgenus Renealmia belongs to the Gingers (Zingiberaceae), the largest family in the monocotyledon order Zingiberales, which additionally includes the Heliconiacae (Heliconias), the Musaceae (Bananas) and the Strelitziaceae (Birds of Paradise). Gingers are mainly understorey herbs in tropical lowland forests and they reach their largest species diversity in Southeast Asia (Sarkinen, 2005). The family has long been classified primarily based on morphology (Petersen, 1889; Schumann, 1904; Burtt and Smith, 1972; Larsen et al, 1998) but during the beginning of the 2000th century a substantional reclassification using molecular data revealed four subfamilies (Kress et al., 2002); - the Siphonochiloideae W.J.Kress (Siphonochilus), - the Tamijioideae W.J. Kress (Tamijia), - the Alpinioideae , Link (former Alpinieae , - the Zingiberoideae (former Hedychiacae, Zingibereae and Globbeae). Additional molecular phylogenetic analyses of the Ginger family have been performed (Kress et al., 2005; Pedersen, 2005) as well as analyses of the shallow relationships in a number of genera (Afromomum: Harris et al., 2000, Aulotandra: Harris et al., 2006; Amomum: Xia et al., 2004; Boesenbergia: Techaprasan et al., 2006; Globba: Williams et al., 2004; Renealmia: Sarkinen et al., 2007; and Roscoea: Ngamriabsakul et al., 2000 as to name a few). While molecular techniques developed, more and more available DNA regions emerged, and a more consistent view of the family’s internal relationships were attained. Zingiberaceae is however far from being fully resolved, and still has problematic and contradicting relationships. THE SUBFAMILY ALPINIOIDEAE The Alpinioideae is the second largest subfamily after Zingiberioideae in Zingiberaceae and is distinguished morphologically from the other subfamilies by two major morphological attributes. First Alpinioideae has largely reduced or absence of the two lateral staminodes (Kress et al., 1992). These represent two modified stamens of the outer staminal whorl of the Zingiberaceae floral plan; see illustration below (fig. 1). (A) (B) Fertile stamen QuickTime och en Sepal QuickTime och en -dekomprimerare -dekomprimerare krävs för att kunna se bilden. Petal krävs för att kunna se bilden. krävs f Lateral stamens Carpels Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of floral morphology. A: Zingiberaceae, and B: solely the subfamily Alpinioideae. * indicating absent stamen. Figure modified from P,J. Rudall (2004) Used with permission. Second Alpinioideae has a transverse plane of distichy of leaves relation to rhizomes; see illustration below (fig. 2). Alpinioideae are divided in two main groups, Alpinieae A. Rich and Redelieae of which the former is the largest (fig. 3). The tribe Alpinieae is polyphyletic and largely made up of its type genus Alpinia. The tribe is problematic and contains genera with unsolved relationships both within and beside the genera included. Recently has two closely related genera, Renealmia and Afromomum of the tribe been investigated phylogenetically (Sarkinen et al., 2007, and Harris et al., 2000). These analyses have revealed very few informative characters, which is proposed to origin from recent speciation events. 1 2 4 5 3 A B C D Fig. 2 Illustrations of A: transverse plane of distichy of leaves to rhizome (Alpiniodeae/Tamijiodeae), B: parallel plane of distichy of leaves to rhizome (Zingiberoideae/Siphonochiloideae), and C: Renealmia flower composition. 1: tubular calyx, 2: anther and style, 3: erect, petaloid and 3-lobed labellum, 4: tubular bracteole, 5: corolla. D: stellate hair on leaves (A) (B) Fig. 3 A: Phylogenetic tree representing the four subfamilies of Zingibereceae, and B: showing subfamily Alpinioideae. Modified from Krees et al, 2002. THE GENUS RENEALMIA The genus Renealmia is distinguished from the other members of Alpinoideae in its Neotropical and African distribution and morphologically from its closely related genera Afromomum by having a corolla longer than the calyx and stellate hairs on leaf lamina (Hutchinson and Dalziel, 1968; Maas, 1977; Larsen et al., 1998), see fig 1 and table 1. Renealmia comprises 70-83 species of wet tropical forest understorey herbs and is postulated to be monophyletic (Harris et al., 2000; Kress et al., 2002, 2005; Pedersen, 2004; and Sarkinen et al., 2007) with three potential inclusive monophyletic groups (Sarkinen et al., 2007; Kress et al., 2005): I. The Alpinia fax / A. abundiflora clade (A. fax clade), II. the Afromomum clade, and III. the Elattariopsis / Amomum clade. In addition to its distinctly low molecular informative characters, the genus Renealmia is proposed to have accomplished one or possibly two long distance dispersal (LDD) events between its geographically widespread locations on both sides of the Atlantic sea (Sarkinen et al., 2007). CLASSIFICATION The current classification of the genus is based on morphology and divided by its Neotropical and African distribution. The Neotropical species are divided into four major groups: . RENEALMIA CERNUA GROUP . RENEALMIA ALPINIA GROUP . RENEALMIA ACREANA GROUP . RENEALMIA AROMATICA GROUP Three unplaced taxa (Renealmia jamaicensis (Gaertn) Horan, R. pyramidalis, and R. variegata Maas & Maas is also contained in this Neotropical group (Maas et al., 1977, 1979, 1987, 1990). In Africa, the genus is divided into two main species complexes (Thiselton,- Dyer, 1898; Kochlin, 1964, 1965; Hepper 1968; Lock, 1985; Poulsen and Lock, 1997; and Turner, 1999): . RENEALMIA AFRICANA SPECIES COMPLEX, . RENEALMIA CONGOENSIS SPECIES COMPLEX. Aside of these complexes there are eleven unplaced species; Renealmia battenbergiana Cummins ex Baker, R. bracteata de Wild. & T.Durand, R. cincinnata (K. Schum.) Baker, R. densispica J.Koechlin, R. engleri K.Schum., R. longifolia K.Schum., R. maculata Stapf., R. mannii Hook.f., R. polyantha K.Schum., R. polyantha K.Schum., R. polypus Gagnep., and R. sancti-thomae I.M.Turner. Table 1 Morphological characteristics of Renealmia and closely related genera in Alpineae (Larsen et al., 1998). Inflorescence Flowers Bracteole Labellum Calyx Corolla Colour Region Renealmia Lax, Single Tubular 3-lobed, Tubular Longer White to Neotropics sometimes, or erect or to than yellow and Africa branched, cincinni spreading, turbinate calyx terminal, longer terminal, on a than separate petals, leafless shoot petaloid or prostrate, rarely terminal in leafy shoot Amomum Congested, Single Open to Spathulate, Tubular, ± calyx White, Australasia terminal on a or base or longer 3- lenght yellow, separate cincinni tubular than dentate orange or, leafless shoot petals, red variously lobed Afromomum Congested, Single Open to Broad, Split Narrow, Violet, Africa terminal on a or base suberect or down 1 almost red, separate cincinni narrower side as long yellow, leafless shoot thicker and as calyx rarely decurved, white petaloid Alpinia Terminal, lax In Open to Erect or Tubular, = calyx Red, Asia or congested, cincinni base or concave, 3- lenght yellowish, sometimes tubular, sometimes dentate, white to surrounded sometimes spreading, often greenish by sterile clompletely variously split bracts, enclosing lobed or down 1 sometimes cincinnus entire side branched Elattariopsis Terminal on a Single Open to Broad, Tubular, Slender, White Indomalesia separate or base erect, 3- longer with red leafless rarely variously dentate than and shoot, two lobed or calyx yellow congested entire, and erect, or longer lax branched than petals and prostrate AIMS The purpose of this study is to: 1. Further investigate phylogenetic relationships within Renealmia by combining the data sets of Sarkinen et al. (2007)
Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."

    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
  • TAXON:Costus Malortieanus H. Wendl. SCORE:7.0 RATING:High Risk

    TAXON:Costus Malortieanus H. Wendl. SCORE:7.0 RATING:High Risk

    TAXON: Costus malortieanus H. SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk Wendl. Taxon: Costus malortieanus H. Wendl. Family: Costaceae Common Name(s): spiral flag Synonym(s): Costus elegans Petersen spiral ginger stepladder ginger Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 2 Aug 2017 WRA Score: 7.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Perennial Herb, Ornamental, Shade-Tolerant, Rhizomatous, Bird-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Creation Date: 2 Aug 2017 (Costus malortieanus H.
  • Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Genus Elettaria Maton

    Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Genus Elettaria Maton

    Cardamoms of South East Asia: phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Elettaria Maton Helena Båserud Mathisen Master of Science Thesis 2014 Department of Biosciences Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Oslo, Norway © Helena Båserud Mathisen 2014 Cardamoms of South East Asia: phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Elettaria Illustration on the front page: From White (1811) https://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: Reprosentralen, University of Oslo Acknowledgements There are plenty of people who deserve a big depth of gratitude when I hand in my master thesis today. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisors Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Charlotte Sletten Bjorå and Mark Newman for all help, patience and valuable input over the last 1.5 years, and especially the last couple of weeks. I could not have done this without you guys! Thanks to the approval of our research permit from the Forest Department in Sarawak, Axel and I were able to travel to Borneo and collect plants for my project. I would like to thank the Botanical Research Centre at Semenggoh Wildlife Centre in Sarawak, for all the help we got, and a special thanks goes to Julia, Ling and Vilma for planning and organizing the field trips for us. I would never have mastered the lab technics at Tøyen without good help and guideance from Audun. Thank you for answering my numerous questions so willingly. I would also like to thank My Hanh, Kjersti, Anette and Kine, for inviting me over for dinner and improving my draft and of course my fellow students at the botanical museum (Anne Marte, Karen and Øystein).
  • Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project

    Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project

    Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al.
  • Costus Speciosus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potentials Ali Hafez El‑Far, Hazem M

    Costus Speciosus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potentials Ali Hafez El‑Far, Hazem M

    Pharmacogn. Rev. PLANT REVIEW A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products www.phcogrev.com | www.phcog.net Costus speciosus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potentials Ali Hafez El-Far, Hazem M. Shaheen1, Abdel Wahab Alsenosy, Yasser S. El-Sayed2, Soad K. Al Jaouni3,4, Shaker A. Mousa5 Departments of Biochemistry, 1Pharmacology and 2Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt, 3Department of Hematology/ Pediatric Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 4Yousef Abdulatif Jameel scientific chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 5Department of Drug Discovery and Drug Development, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are sources of novel drug discovery targets. Costus speciosus is an important medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of various ailments. The plant has multiple active ingredients and has been found to possess many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti‑inflammatory, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, steroidogenic, adaptogenic, and antimicrobial effects. This review gives an account of unique studies on C. speciosus phytochemical, toxicological, and pharmacological studies and traditional uses of C. speciosus based on searching the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer Link. The previous studies stated the pharmacological potentials of C. speciosus, but it is still needed for more research efforts concerning molecular basis of its biological activities, especially in vivo models and safety assessment of its different extracts. Key words: Costus speciosus, Islamic traditional medicine, therapeutic potentials COSTUS SPECIOSUS TRADITIONAL USES AND among them being a treatment for pleurisy.
  • The Phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae)

    The Phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae)

    BOT. GAZ. 151(1):88-105. 1990. © 1990 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0006-8071 /90/5101-0010$02.00 THE PHYLLOTAXY OF COSTUS (COSTACEAE) BRUCE K. KIRCHOFF AND ROLF RUTISHAUSER Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412 -5001; and Botanischer Garten, University Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland The spiromonostichous phyllotaxy of Costus, and other Costaceae, is characterized by low divergence angles, often as low as (30°—) 50°. This constrasts with the main series Fibonacci (divergence angles ap - proximating 137.5°) or distichous phyllotaxy found in all other Zingiberales. A morphological and devel- opmental study of three species of Costus revealed a number of facts about this unusual phyllotactic pattern. In C. scaber and C. woodsonii the divergence angles gradually change along a shoot, from 140 °-100° in the region of the cataphylls to 60°-45° in the inflorescence. In C. cuspidatus, the divergence angles change from 40°-100° in the cataphyll region to ca. 137 ° in the inflorescence. In all three species, the cataphylls and foliage leaves have tubular sheaths, while the inflorescence bracts are nonsheathing. Thus, spiromo - nostichy is only loosely correlated with closed leaf sheaths. Kirchoff, B. K. and R. Rutishauser. 1990. The phyllotaxy of Costus (Costaceae). Botanical Gazette 151: 88-105. Made available courtesy of University of Chicago Press: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/337808 Introduction anists, (2) to present new data on the gradual change in divergence angles along aerial shoots, (3) to in- HOFMEISTER (1868) noted that, in normal phyl- vestigate developmental and anatomical features lotactic systems, leaf primordia at the apex appear correlated with the gradual change in divergence as far as possible from each other.
  • Curriculum Vitae

    Curriculum Vitae

    CURRICULUM VITAE David G. I. Kingston I. ADDRESS Business: Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212 (540) 231-6570 (540) 231-3255 (FAX) E-Mail: [email protected] Home page: http://www.kingston.chem.vt.edu Home: 1409 Locust Avenue Blacksburg, Virginia 24060-5628 (540) 951-1761 II. PERSONAL DATA Born: November 9, 1938, London, England Married: Beverly Mark, June 18, 1966 Children: Joy Ellen, Born November 20, 1968 Christina Anne, Born October 9, 1970 Jonathan David, Born July 27, 1976 U. S. Citizen III. EDUCATION Whitgift School, Croydon, 1949-1956 B.A. (1st Class Honors), Cambridge University, 1960 Major: Chemistry Minor: Physics Dip. Th., London University, 1962 M.A., Cambridge University, 1963 Ph.D., Cambridge University, 1963 Advisors: Professor Lord Todd, F.R.S., Nobel Laureate, and Dr. D. W. Cameron Thesis: Pigments of the Aphididae IV. APPOINTMENTS Director, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, 2012-present. University Distinguished Professor, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1999-present. Professor of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1977-1999. Associate Professor of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 1971-1977. Assistant Professor of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, N.Y., 1966- 1971. N.A.T.O. Fellow, Cambridge University, England, 1964-1966. Research Associate, Division of Biochemistry, Massachusetts
  • Notes on New World Zingiberaceae7*

    Notes on New World Zingiberaceae7*

    Notes on New World Zingiberaceae7* P.J.M. Maas Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde, Utrecht SUMMARY 12 New species of Costus and 22 new species of Renealmia are described and various new com- binations are made. All these species will be more intensively dealt with by the author in his forthcoming treatment of the genera Renealmia and Costus for Flora Neotropica (to be pub- lished in 1976). It is already over one year ago since I finished my revision of Renealmiaand Costus for Flora Neotropica. All herbarium specimens were annotated and re- turned to the various herbaria. Afterreturning them I undertooka four months’ trip to tropical America and collected a quantity of new material, which proved contain undescribed As to many as yet species. the illustration-part of the re- vision is finishedand I wish all not yet as to publish new taxa as soon as possible the taxonomic and nomenclaturalnovelties are dealtwith below. The species of their in is Costus are arranged according to arrangement Maas (1972)**; e.g. 8A a species relatedto species 8 in my revision of 1972. The species of Renealmiaare arranged alphabetically. 1 Costus subsessilis & Maas comb. nov. ? Globba sub- . (Nees Martius) Basionym : sessilis Nees & Martius, Nov. Acta Ac. Nat. Cur. 11:29. 1823. This is an older name for Costus warmingii O. G. Petersen. 2. Costus cuspidatus (Nees & Martius) Maas comb. nov. Basionym: Globba cuspidata Nees & Martius, Nov. Acta Ac. Nat. Cur. 11: 28. 1823. older Costus N. and This is an name for igneus E. Brown therefore, unfor- tunately, must replace it. 8A. Costus leucanthus Maas sp.
  • Rich Zingiberales

    Rich Zingiberales

    RESEARCH ARTICLE INVITED SPECIAL ARTICLE For the Special Issue: The Tree of Death: The Role of Fossils in Resolving the Overall Pattern of Plant Phylogeny Building the monocot tree of death: Progress and challenges emerging from the macrofossil- rich Zingiberales Selena Y. Smith1,2,4,6 , William J. D. Iles1,3 , John C. Benedict1,4, and Chelsea D. Specht5 Manuscript received 1 November 2017; revision accepted 2 May PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Inclusion of fossils in phylogenetic analyses is necessary in order 2018. to construct a comprehensive “tree of death” and elucidate evolutionary history of taxa; 1 Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of however, such incorporation of fossils in phylogenetic reconstruction is dependent on the Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA availability and interpretation of extensive morphological data. Here, the Zingiberales, whose 2 Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, familial relationships have been difficult to resolve with high support, are used as a case study MI 48109, USA to illustrate the importance of including fossil taxa in systematic studies. 3 Department of Integrative Biology and the University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA METHODS: Eight fossil taxa and 43 extant Zingiberales were coded for 39 morphological seed 4 Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann characters, and these data were concatenated with previously published molecular sequence Arbor, MI 48109, USA data for analysis in the program MrBayes. 5 School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology and the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA KEY RESULTS: Ensete oregonense is confirmed to be part of Musaceae, and the other 6 Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) seven fossils group with Zingiberaceae.
  • A Review of the Literature

    A Review of the Literature

    Pharmacogn J. 2019; 11(6)Suppl:1511-1525 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com Phytochemical and Pharmacological Support for the Traditional Uses of Zingiberacea Species in Suriname - A Review of the Literature Dennis RA Mans*, Meryll Djotaroeno, Priscilla Friperson, Jennifer Pawirodihardjo ABSTRACT The Zingiberacea or ginger family is a family of flowering plants comprising roughly 1,600 species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes divided into about 50 genera. The Zingiberaceae are distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Many members are economically important as spices, ornamentals, cosmetics, Dennis RA Mans*, Meryll traditional medicines, and/or ingredients of religious rituals. One of the most prominent Djotaroeno, Priscilla Friperson, characteristics of this plant family is the presence of essential oils in particularly the rhizomes Jennifer Pawirodihardjo but in some cases also the leaves and other parts of the plant. The essential oils are in general Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of made up of a variety of, among others, terpenoid and phenolic compounds with important Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of biological activities. The Republic of Suriname (South America) is well-known for its ethnic and Suriname, Paramaribo, SURINAME. cultural diversity as well as its extensive ethnopharmacological knowledge and unique plant Correspondence biodiversity. This paper first presents some general information on the Zingiberacea family, subsequently provides some background about Suriname and the Zingiberacea species in the Dennis RA Mans country, then extensively addresses the traditional uses of one representative of the seven Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom genera in the country and provides the phytochemical and pharmacological support for these University of Suriname, Kernkampweg 6, uses, and concludes with a critical appraisal of the medicinal values of these plants.
  • Costus Speciosus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potentials Ali Hafez El‑Far, Hazem M

    Costus Speciosus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potentials Ali Hafez El‑Far, Hazem M

    Pharmacogn. Rev. REVIEW ARTICLE A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products www.phcogrev.com | www.phcog.net Costus speciosus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potentials Ali Hafez El-Far, Hazem M. Shaheen1, Abdel Wahab Alsenosy, Yasser S. El-Sayed2, Soad K. Al Jaouni3,4, Shaker A. Mousa5 Departments of Biochemistry, 1Pharmacology and 2Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt, 3Department of Hematology/ Pediatric Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 4Yousef Abdulatif Jameel scientific chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 5Department of Drug Discovery and Drug Development, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are sources of novel drug discovery targets. Costus speciosus is an important medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of various ailments. The plant has multiple active ingredients and has been found to possess many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti‑inflammatory, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, steroidogenic, adaptogenic, and antimicrobial effects. This review gives an account of unique studies on C. speciosus phytochemical, toxicological, and pharmacological studies and traditional uses of C. speciosus based on searching the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer Link. The previous studies stated the pharmacological potentials of C. speciosus, but it is still needed for more research efforts concerning molecular basis of its biological activities, especially in vivo models and safety assessment of its different extracts. Key words: Costus speciosus, Islamic traditional medicine, therapeutic potentials COSTUS SPECIOSUS TRADITIONAL USES AND among them being a treatment for pleurisy.
  • Diversity, Above-Ground Biomass, and Vegetation Patterns in a Tropical Dry Forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon

    Diversity, Above-Ground Biomass, and Vegetation Patterns in a Tropical Dry Forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon

    Heliyon 6 (2020) e03290 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Heliyon journal homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon Research article Diversity, above-ground biomass, and vegetation patterns in a tropical dry forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon Moses N. Sainge a,*, Felix Nchu b, A. Townsend Peterson c a Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 8000, South Africa b Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa c Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Research highlights: This study is one of few detailed analyses of plant diversity and vegetation patterns in African Ecological restoration dry forests. We established permanent plots to characterize plant diversity, above-ground biomass, and vegetation Flora patterns in a tropical dry forest in Kimbi-Fungom National Park, Cameroon. Our results contribute to long-term Environmental assessment monitoring, predictions, and management of dry forest ecosystems, which are often vulnerable to anthropogenic Environmental health pressures. Environmental impact assessment Dry forest Background and objectives: Considerable consensus exists regarding the importance of dry forests in species di- Bamenda highlands versity and carbon storage; however, the relationship between dry forest tree species composition, species rich- Kimbi-Fungom National Park ness, and carbon stock is not well established. Also, simple baseline data on plant diversity are scarce for many dry Carbon forest ecosystems. This study seeks to characterize floristic diversity, vegetation patterns, and tree diversity in Semi-deciduous permanent plots in a tropical dry forest in Northwestern Cameroon (Kimbi-Fungom National Park) for the first Tree composition time.