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Basin Management Center, Koshi Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment Department of Forests and Soil Conservation Basin Management Center, Koshi Gaighat, Udayapur, Nepal 2078 Report on Landslide Inventory of Federal Constituency 2, Udayapur District, Nepal FOREWORDS Landslide is one of the main natural disasters in Nepal, responsible for huge social and economic losses for mountain populations. The annual loss of lives and property due to landslides is significantly high in Nepal. Landslide Inventory is an important tool for disaster management, basic data collection and their management. The landslide Inventory provide required knowledge of landslide occurence pattern, condition of certain region, which is useful for the community in planning, mitigating, and avoiding the danger. Landslides are the results of various causative factors affecting slope instability at a specific location. The first step generally is to map individual landslides and subsequently digitize them for the purpose of a landslide inventory. In this regard, preparation of the landslide inventory database is utmost desirable component. Further the preparation of landslide hazard mapping with the help of identified landslides is very much helpful to prepare management plan of the affected area. The Landslide hazard analysis and mapping cope to provide useful information for catastrophic loss reduction, and assist in the development of guidelines for sustainable land-use planning. In this context, the Basin Management center, Koshi under the Department of Forests and Soil Conservation (DoFSC), Babarmahal, Kathmandu has planned to carry out the preparation of landslide inventory at distric level. Since there is an inadequate documentation on landslides, this Landslide Inventory and Mapping is hoped to be a milestone for further documentation in larger scale in the Basin level. I would like to thank all the concerned local communities, organizations, individuals, and the BMC Koshi team for their tremendous support in preparation of this report. The Suman Multi Consultants is highly appreciated for timely accomplishment of this report. Uddhaw Bahadur Ghimire Senior Watershed Management Officer Basin Management Center, Koshi Udayapur, Gaighat, Nepal ii Report on Landslide Inventory of Federal Constituency 2, Udayapur District, Nepal ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS amsl : Average Means Sea Level BEONC : Basic Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care CEONC : Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care CBS : Central Bureau of Statistics DEM : Digital Elevation Model DRCN : District Road Core Network EPI : Expanded Programme on Immunization FCHV : Female Community Health Volunteer GIS : Geographic Information System GoN : Government of Nepal GPS : Global Positioning System ha : Hectares ICIMOD : International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Km : Kilometer Km2 : Square Kilometer LRMP : Land Resource Mapping Project LU/LC : Land Use/ Land Cover m : Meter MSL : Mean Sea Level NTC : Nepal Tele Communication RS : Remote Sensing Sq. Km. : Square Kilometer VRCN : Village Road Core Network III Report on Landslide Inventory of Federal Constituency 2, Udayapur District, Nepal TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORDS .......................................................................................................................... II ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ IV LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ VI LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... VIII 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectives of the study ................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Scope of the Study ....................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Limitation of the study ................................................................................................. 3 2. STUDY METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Archive study ............................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Image interpretation ..................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Categorization .............................................................................................................. 5 2.4 Monitoring and facilitation .......................................................................................... 5 3. GENERAL FEATURE OF THE STUDY AREA DISTRICT ............................................. 6 3.1 Location ....................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Topography and Physiography .................................................................................... 6 3.3 Elevation ...................................................................................................................... 8 3.4 Slope and Slope Aspect ............................................................................................... 9 3.5 Drainage Network ...................................................................................................... 10 3.6 Watershed .................................................................................................................. 11 3.7 Land Use .................................................................................................................... 12 3.8 Road Network ............................................................................................................ 13 3.9 Forest Resource ......................................................................................................... 13 3.10 Water Resource .......................................................................................................... 14 3.11 Geology ...................................................................................................................... 14 3.12 Socio-economic Setting ............................................................................................. 15 IV Report on Landslide Inventory of Federal Constituency 2, Udayapur District, Nepal 3.12.1 Federal Constituency, Local Level and Population ............................................... 15 3.12.2 Cast/Ethnicity and Religion ................................................................................... 16 3.12.3 Settlement distribution and Household Pattern ...................................................... 16 3.12.4 Literacy .................................................................................................................. 17 3.12.5 Energy Source ........................................................................................................ 18 3.12.6 Lighting Source ...................................................................................................... 18 3.12.7 Drinking Water and Sanitation .............................................................................. 19 3.12.8 Health Facility and Services .................................................................................. 20 3.12.9 Financial Institution ............................................................................................... 21 4. LANDSLIDE INVENTORY OF FEDERAL CONSTITUENCY 2 .................................. 22 4.1 Landslide Inventory ................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 Landslide distribution in different local level ........................................................ 22 4.1.2 Landslide distribution in watershed ....................................................................... 24 4.1.3 Distribution of Larger Landslide ............................................................................ 25 4.1.4 Landslide distribution in different elevation class ................................................. 26 4.1.5 Landslide distribution in different slope class ....................................................... 27 4.1.6 Landslide distribution in different slope aspect class ............................................ 28 4.1.7 Landslide distribution in different geology class ................................................... 29 4.1.8 Landslide distribution in different physiography region ........................................ 30 4.1.9 Landslide distribution in different land use class ................................................... 31 4.1.10 Landslide distribution at proximity to river/stream ............................................... 32 4.1.11 Landslide distribution at proximity to road ............................................................ 33 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................................. 35 5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................
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