Traffic Safety Research Saves Lives News from Contents

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Traffic Safety Research Saves Lives News from Contents NORDIC ROAD AND TRANSPORT RESEARCH | NO.2 | 2008 Traffic Safety Research Saves Lives News from Contents Swedish National Road and Icelandic Road In Brief | p4 Transport Research Institute Administration (ICERA) Road Safety in the Transport Agencies’ (VTI) The ICERA's mission is to provide the Input to the Norwegian National Transport Plan 2010–2019 I p8 VTI is an independent, internationally established Icelandic society with a road system in accordance research institute which is engaged in the transport with its needs and to provide a service with the aim Prospects for Improving Road Safety in Norway I p10 sector. Our work covers all modes, and our core com- of smooth and safe traffic. The number of employe- Topic Days in Iceland Address Road Safety. es is about 340. Applied research and development petence is in the fields of safety, economy, environ- Time to Treat the Road Environment I p12 ment, traffic and transport analysis, public transport, and to some extent also basic research concerning behaviour and the man-vehicle-transport system inte- road construction, maintenance, traffic and safety is Global Traffic Safety | p14 performed or directed by the ICERA. Development raction, and in road design, operation and maintenan- Drugs and Medicines in Traffic I p16 ce. VTI is a world leader in several areas, for instance division is responsible for road research in Iceland. in simulator technology. Increased Safety for Road Workers on Motorways | p18 Norwegian Public Roads The "Swedish Model" is Recommended I p19 Danish Road Directorate (DRD) Administration (NPRA) Depth Analyses of Fatal Road Accidents in Norway | p20 The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is one Danish Road Institute (DRI) Better-informed Drivers I p22 The Road Directorate, which is a part of The of the administrative agencies under the Ministry of Ministry of Transport & Energy, Denmark, is Transport and Communications in Norway. The Lowering Speed Limits Reduces Speed and Saves Lives in Norway | p24 NPRA is responsible for the development and mana- responsible for development and management of Smarter and Safer School Buses – Unique Initiative on Trips by School Transport I p26 the national highways and for servicing and facilita- gement of public roads and road traffic, as well as the ting traffic on the network. As part of this responsi- Vehicle Department. This responsibility includes Safety Effects by Use of ITS in Connection with the Extension of M3 in Copenhagen | p28 research and development of all areas related to road bility, the Directorate conducts R&D, the aim of Fatigue in Traffic | p29 which is to contribute to efficient road manage- transport and the implementation of R&D results. ment and to the safe use of the network. The mate- Automatic Speed Control in Norway | p30 rials research component is carried out by the Road Safety in Northern Cyprus I p32 Danish Road Institute. Institute of Transport Traffic Safety Campaigns in Norway | p34 Technical Research Centre Economics (TØI), Norway Full Activity in the VTI Driving Simulator | p36 of Finland (VTT) The Institute of Transport Economics is the natio- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is a con- nal institution for transport research and develop- Fauna Passages in Denmark I p37 ment in Norway. The main objectives of the tract research organisation with a staff of 2,800. In Fire-safety in the Bjørvika Tunnel | p38 this joint publication, the VTT expertise areas cover Institute are to carry out applied research and pro- research and development of transportation, logis- mote the application and use of results through What's Going Down in Oslo? I p39 consultative assistance to public authorities, the tics and road structures. The work is carried out in Non-technical Improvements Reduce Rail Border-crossing Delays | p40 five research groups employing a staff of 60. transport industry and others. The Institute is an independent research foundation employing about The Implementation of the Norwegian Cycling Strategy I p42 one hundred persons. The Norwegian Network of Cycling Cities | p44 Publications I p46 Editorial notes Please write to the author or to the respective Finland publishing organisation. Nordic Road & Transport Research is a joint publi- Kari Mäkelä, VTT Requests for back issues, and notification of add- cation of six public road and transport research [email protected] ress changes: organisations in the Nordic countries, Denmark, Readers outside the Nordic countries: please write Iceland Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The main to the Editor-in-chief at the VTI in Sweden. G. Pétur Matthiasson, ICERA objective of the publication is to disseminate re- Readers in the Nordic countries: please contact [email protected] search results and news from the institutions, espe- the publishing institution of your country. cially to researchers and decision makers. Each insti- Norway Addresses: see back cover. tution is responsible for the selection and presenta- Thorbjørn Chr. Risan, NPRA tion of the material from its own scope of activities. [email protected] Nordic Road & Transport Research is published The Editorial Board consists of the Harald Aas, TØI three times a year. It is regularly sent out, free of following representatives of the [email protected] charge, to recipients selected by the six joint publishing institutions Graphic Design publishers. Free sample copies are also sent out on Johnny Dahlgren Grafisk produktion AB, special request. Editor-in-Chief, Sweden Reproduction and quotation of the texts are allow- Magdalena Green, VTI Linköping, Sweden ed if reference is made to the author and source. [email protected] Issue 3,900 However, legislation regulates and restricts the right Denmark ISSN 1101-5179 to reproduce the illustrations. Please contact the Helen Hasz-Singh, DRI Cover respective publishing institution for information. [email protected] Advertising is not accepted. VTI/Hejdlösa bilder Correspondence about the contents of the publi- cation: 2 | NORDIC NO. 2 2008 www.nordicroads.com NORDIC NO. 2 2008 | 3 News from Contents Swedish National Road and Icelandic Road In Brief | p4 Transport Research Institute Administration (ICERA) Road Safety in the Transport Agencies’ (VTI) The ICERA's mission is to provide the Input to the Norwegian National Transport Plan 2010–2019 I p8 VTI is an independent, internationally established Icelandic society with a road system in accordance research institute which is engaged in the transport with its needs and to provide a service with the aim Prospects for Improving Road Safety in Norway I p10 sector. Our work covers all modes, and our core com- of smooth and safe traffic. The number of employe- Topic Days in Iceland Address Road Safety. es is about 340. Applied research and development petence is in the fields of safety, economy, environ- Time to Treat the Road Environment I p12 ment, traffic and transport analysis, public transport, and to some extent also basic research concerning behaviour and the man-vehicle-transport system inte- road construction, maintenance, traffic and safety is Global Traffic Safety | p14 performed or directed by the ICERA. Development raction, and in road design, operation and maintenan- Drugs and Medicines in Traffic I p16 ce. VTI is a world leader in several areas, for instance division is responsible for road research in Iceland. in simulator technology. Increased Safety for Road Workers on Motorways | p18 Norwegian Public Roads The "Swedish Model" is Recommended I p19 Danish Road Directorate (DRD) Administration (NPRA) Depth Analyses of Fatal Road Accidents in Norway | p20 The Norwegian Public Roads Administration is one Danish Road Institute (DRI) Better-informed Drivers I p22 The Road Directorate, which is a part of The of the administrative agencies under the Ministry of Ministry of Transport & Energy, Denmark, is Transport and Communications in Norway. The Lowering Speed Limits Reduces Speed and Saves Lives in Norway | p24 NPRA is responsible for the development and mana- responsible for development and management of Smarter and Safer School Buses – Unique Initiative on Trips by School Transport I p26 the national highways and for servicing and facilita- gement of public roads and road traffic, as well as the ting traffic on the network. As part of this responsi- Vehicle Department. This responsibility includes Safety Effects by Use of ITS in Connection with the Extension of M3 in Copenhagen | p28 research and development of all areas related to road bility, the Directorate conducts R&D, the aim of Fatigue in Traffic | p29 which is to contribute to efficient road manage- transport and the implementation of R&D results. ment and to the safe use of the network. The mate- Automatic Speed Control in Norway | p30 rials research component is carried out by the Road Safety in Northern Cyprus I p32 Danish Road Institute. Institute of Transport Traffic Safety Campaigns in Norway | p34 Technical Research Centre Economics (TØI), Norway Full Activity in the VTI Driving Simulator | p36 of Finland (VTT) The Institute of Transport Economics is the natio- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is a con- nal institution for transport research and develop- Fauna Passages in Denmark I p37 ment in Norway. The main objectives of the tract research organisation with a staff of 2,800. In Fire-safety in the Bjørvika Tunnel | p38 this joint publication, the VTT expertise areas cover Institute are to carry out applied research and pro- research and development of transportation, logis- mote the application and use of results through What's Going Down in Oslo? I p39 consultative assistance to public authorities, the tics and road structures. The work is carried out in Non-technical Improvements Reduce Rail Border-crossing Delays | p40 five research groups employing a staff of 60. transport industry and others. The Institute is an independent research foundation employing about The Implementation of the Norwegian Cycling Strategy I p42 one hundred persons. The Norwegian Network of Cycling Cities | p44 Publications I p46 Editorial notes Please write to the author or to the respective Finland publishing organisation.
Recommended publications
  • ROAD WEATHER MEASUREMENTS ALONG ROAD STRETCHES ABSTRACT Introduction
    ROAD WEATHER MEASUREMENTS ALONG ROAD STRETCHES Marjo Hippi Finnish Meteorological Institute P.O. BOX 503, FI-00101 Helsinki tel. +358 9 19291 fax +358 9 179 581 [email protected] ABSTRACT Conventional road weather monitoring network contains fixed road weather stations along the road network. That kind of monitoring system gives information about prevailing road condition and road temperature only for the certain points where the station is located. Nowadays it is possible to do mobile measurements along the roads. Vaisala Ltd has developed a remote sensing monitoring device to measure road surface temperature (DST111) and the state of the road (DSC111) optically. The DSC111 device makes an estimation of prevailing road surface friction, too. Both DST111 and DSC111 devices are possible to install into the roof of car and do mobile measurements by driving. The devices are measuring road weather related parameters every third second, so by driving 80 km/h observations are measured every 70 meters or so. Mobile measurements enable continuously observation data on the roads with very high resolution. Road condition and road temperature may vary lot even within short distances. Variation can be critical especially when temperature is around zero degree. Then in some places temperature can drop below zero and road surface can become slippery because of ice on the surface whereas other road stretches are wet or damp due to higher road surface temperature. Finnish Meteorological Institute has done mobile measurements using Vaisala DST111 and DSC111 devices on winters 2006-2010. This study presents results of some of the most interesting mobile measurement cases.
    [Show full text]
  • California Skid Tests with Butyl Rubber Tires and Report of Visit to Road Research Laboratories in Europe Engaged in Skid Prevention Research
    California Skid Tests with Butyl Rubber Tires and Report of Visit to Road Research Laboratories in Europe Engaged in Skid Prevention Research RALPH A. MOYER, Professor of Transportation Engineering and Research Engineer, TnctH11to nf 'T'l"<>ncnnrtsitinn sinrl 'T'rsiffir F.naino,:,rina TTniv,:,rcitv nf r.silifnrnisi - -------- -- -- - ---- .1,·· ..... ., Berkeley •AN EXTENSIVE California program of skid resistance tests conducted in 1961 was reported in HRB Bull. 348 (1962). The 1961 tests yielded significant results primarily because of the use of a new torque meter device to measure the friction forces. The tests were run with four different types of tires including one tire with the recently developed butyl rubber tread which provided high hysteresis or energy losses and high coefficients of friction on wet pavements. In view of the improved accuracy obtained with the new torque meter, and the high friction values obtained in the exploratory tests with the butyl rubber tire, a program of tests was carried out in 1962. Skid resistance measurements were made on a wide variety of pavement surfaces with two different brands of butyl rubber tires, and also with the 1958 and 1961 pavement test standard tires. Before 1961, it was generally assumed that the only way to obtain significant improvement in the skid resistance of wet pavements was by the selection of aggregate types and pavement construction methods and controls, and/or by de-slicking treatments which had been established by laboratory and field tests. Studies were conducted by California in 1961, by the British Road Research Laboratory, and by Dr. Tabor of Cambridge University, England.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Traffic Safety and Drivers' Behavior in Reduced Visibility Conditions
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2011 Improving Traffic Safety And Drivers' Behavior In Reduced Visibility Conditions Hany Mohamed Hassan University of Central Florida Part of the Engineering Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Hassan, Hany Mohamed, "Improving Traffic Safety And Drivers' Behavior In Reduced Visibility Conditions" (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 1935. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/1935 IMPROVING TRAFFIC SAFETY AND DRIVERS’ BEHAVIOR IN REDUCED VISIBILITY CONDITIONS by HANY MOHAMED RAMADAN HASSAN B.S., Ain Shams University, Egypt, 2000 M.S.C.E., Ain Shams University, Egypt, 2005 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Civil, Environmental & Construction Engineering in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2011 Major Professor: Mohamed A. Abdel-Aty, Ph.D, P.E. © 2011 Hany M. Hassan ii ABSTRACT This study is concerned with the safety risk of reduced visibility on roadways. Inclement weather events such as fog/smoke (FS), heavy rain (HR), high winds, etc, do affect every road by impacting pavement conditions, vehicle performance, visibility distance, and drivers’ behavior. Moreover, they affect travel demand, traffic safety, and traffic flow characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Study on Road Slipperiness Detection Using Real-Time Digital Tachograph Data
    Preliminary Study on Road Slipperiness Detection using Real-Time Digital Tachograph Data Jinhwan Jang Dept. of Highway Res., Korea Inst. of Civil Eng. and Building Tech., 283 Goyangdae-ro, Goyang, South Korea Keywords: Road Slipperiness, Digital Tachograph, Wheel Slip. Abstract: Faced with the high rate of commercial vehicle-related traffic accidents, digital tachographs (DTGs) are mandatorily installed in commercial vehicles in Korea. However, the current DTGs do not seem to be effective for reducing accidents. One reason for this can be attributed to the absence of useful information for drivers under dangerous road conditions such as black ice. In this study, an innovative technique to identify slippery spots on the road using DTG data is proposed. The DTG can collect two types of vehicle speed: one is wheel rotational speed and the other is vehicle transitional speed. The difference between the two speeds is referred to as wheel slip, which can be exploited as a surrogate measure for detecting road slipperiness. A confidence interval of wheel slip was established using data collected in dry road conditions; if any data point that exceeds the predefined confidence interval is observed, a slippery road spot can be identified. The proposed method was preliminarily tested in four types of winter road conditions and showed satisfactory results. 1 INTRODUCTION are getting connected for various purposes, a new cost-effective approach to detecting road slipperiness Traffic accidents caused by slippery road conditions using probe vehicles as a mobile sensing platform has are of great concern to society. According to Korean been garnering attention worldwide. statistics, 7,849 traffic accidents that caused 221 Several studies have been performed concerning fatalities and 13,736 injuries occurred on slippery weather-related hazardous road conditions using roads over the last three years (KNPA, 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Driver Awareness of Highway Sites with High Skid Accident Potential 6
    TE Report No. FHWA-RD- 74-66 oo2 #i /^w-^L_ no . DRIVER AWARENESS OF HIGHWAY SITES FHWA- RD- WITH HIGH SKID ACCIDENT POTENTIAL 74-66 Dept. Of Tr c, ^ w » ! — F. R. Hanscom Library •^KS O* July 1974 Final Report This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 Prepared for FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION Offices of Research & Development Washington, D.C. 20590 DISCLAIMER NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the view of the author, who is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. FHWA DISTRIBUTION NOTICE Sufficient copies of this report are being distributed by FHWA Bulletin to provide at least one copy to each region and division office, and two copies to each State highway agency. Direct distribution is being made to •the division offices. TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE 1. Report No. 1. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA-RD- 74-66* £ 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date July 1974 ^ Driver Awareness of Highway Sites With High Skid Accident Potential 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. fbept Of Is :ation Fred R. Hanscom SKID Final 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10.
    [Show full text]
  • A Model for Road Icing Forecast and Control
    IWAIS XIII, Andermatt, September 8 to 11, 2009 A Model for Road Icing Forecast and Control Dr. N. Bezrukova1, E. Stulov1 and Dr. M. Khalili2 1Central Aerological Observatory, Pervomayskaya 3, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Russia Email: [email protected] , [email protected] 2 Moscow State University, Email:[email protected] Abstract— A technique is developed for diagnosing different meteorological forecasting and diagnosing block and the types of ice, frost and rime phenomena based on the classification development by M. Khalili of a chemical block governing de- of processes causing ice generation on the road. Based on this icing agents dispensing [3]. Additional introduction of the technique, an algorithm to forecast and diagnose glazed frost on chemical block extended the scope of application of the new the road has been worked out, which is realized as a model © program demonstrating the potentials of the technique involved. program complex ICE_2003 to include both conventional According to this technique, glazed frost on the road is forecasted road maintenance and use in automated systems of road icing in two steps. As a first step, the road temperature is forecasted forecast and control. with sufficient lead-time. Secondly, based on the forecasted road temperature values and some other parameters, a diagnostic analysis and forecast of glazed frost events are performed. II. ICE LOADING IN MOSCOW REGION The model program is run with a certain set of sensors available at an automated road weather station (RWS) and meant The cold season of Russia’s European part is characterized for automated information systems to prevent glazed frost by by atmospheric circulation processes leading to variable using de-icing liquid.
    [Show full text]
  • Relationships Between Road Slipperiness, Traffic Accident Risk and Winter Road Maintenance Activity
    CLIMATE RESEARCH Vol. 15: 185–193, 2000 Published September 5 Clim Res Relationships between road slipperiness, traffic accident risk and winter road maintenance activity Jonas Norrman*, Marie Eriksson, Sven Lindqvist Lab. of Climatology, Physical Geography, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 460, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden ABSTRACT: A method for deriving quantitative relationships between road slipperiness, traffic acci- dent risk and winter road maintenance (WRM) activity is described. The method is also applied to data from an area in southern Sweden. If a specific type of road slipperiness represents a large acci- dent risk despite high WRM activity it is important to increase public awareness during such periods. If the type of slipperiness represents a large accident risk but is accompanied by low WRM activity, it is also important to increase the WRM to reduce the accident risk. In the method, a road slipperiness classification, based on atmospheric processes, is used to classify the road conditions at the time an accident occurred. The road condition is classified either as non-slippery or as one out of 10 types of slipperiness. Data for the slipperiness classification are taken from the Swedish Road Weather Infor- mation System (RWIS). Results from this study show that the traffic accident risk was different for dif- ferent types of road slipperiness. Highest accident risk was associated with road slipperiness due to rain or sleet on a frozen road surface. When accidents occurred in these situations, there was always high WRM activity. This indicates that, in order to reduce the accident rate during these situations, public awareness must be increased by providing information to drivers.
    [Show full text]
  • Expert System for Winter Road Maintenance
    Expert System for Winter Road Maintenance Magnus Ljungberg The advantages and limitations of an expert system for win­ ing, sanding, and salting. Three types of salting were defined: ter road maintenance in Sweden, as well as how to create an dry, prewetted, and brine. The best practice rules also pre­ expert system that is effective, are discussed. An expert sys­ scribe the correct amount of salt for spreading over a road. tem will support the decision making of the maintenance man­ Preliminary results show that brine spreading is preferred over ager in real time. It is primarily intended for inexperienced prewetted salt in most situations. Dry salt should never be maintenance management personnel. An effective expert sys­ used. For preventive salting, normal recommended amounts 2 tem must render advice on what action should be taken, when are 10 g of brine/m ( 124 lb/lane-mi) or 7 g of prewetted it should be carried out, and, if necessary, how much and what salt/m2 (87 lb/lane-mi). These best practice rules will later be type of chemical should be used on a road. Another impor­ incorporated into the expert system. tant use for an expert system is the education and training of maintenance managers. Information for developing an expert system was gathered in part from literature studies, but the main informational source was interviews with experts. In­ depth interviews with six experienced maintenance managers o a ses the possibilitie and limitation of an ex­ concerning winter maintenance activities took place during perr sy tem for wint r r ad maintenance, a num­ February, March, and April 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Verification of an Intelligent Sensor System for Roadway and Bridge Surface Condition Assessments Mohammed Aljuboori University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
    University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations August 2014 Development and Verification of an Intelligent Sensor System for Roadway and Bridge Surface Condition Assessments Mohammed Aljuboori University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Civil Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Aljuboori, Mohammed, "Development and Verification of an Intelligent Sensor System for Roadway and Bridge Surface Condition Assessments" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 653. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/653 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION OF AN INTELLIGENT SENSOR SYSTEM FOR ROADWAY AND BRIDGE SURFACE CONDITION ASSESSMENTS by Mohammed Aljuboori A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee August 2014 ABSTRACT DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION OF AN INTELLIGENT SENSOR SYSTEM FOR ROADWAY AND BRIDGE SURFACE CONDITION ASSESSMENTS by Mohammed Aljuboori The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2014 Under the Supervision of Professor Habibollah Tabatabai Surface ice formation on roadways and bridges has been a major safety issue in transportation. Surface ice, or black ice, is a layer of frozen water that can form on roadway surface. Surface ice can form when moisture comes in contact with a pavement surface that is at a temperature below freezing. On bridges, surface ice formation tends to occur more rapidly because bridges are elevated, and are therefore subjected to air circulation both above and below the concrete slab.
    [Show full text]
  • Maximizing Surface Friction for Road Safety Improvements Project 04
    Incorporating Road Safety into Pavement Management: Maximizing Surface Friction for Road Safety Improvements Project 04 - 04 June 2007 Midwest Regional University Transportation Center College of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin, Madison Authors: David A. Noyce, Ph.D., P.E., Hussain U. Bahia, Ph.D., Josue Yambo, Jeremy Chapman, and Andrea Bill University of Wisconsin-Madison Traffic Operations and Safety Laboratory Principal Investigator: David A. Noyce, Ph.D., P.E. and Hussain U. Bahia, Ph.D. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. MRUTC 04-04 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date INCORPORATING ROAD SAFETY INTO PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT: June 1, 2007 MAXIMIZING SURFACE FRICTION FOR ROAD SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author/s 8. Performing Organization Report No. David A. Noyce, Hussain U. Bahia, Josue Yambo, Jeremy Chapman, and Andrea Bill 2007-005 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) TRAFFIC OPERATIONS AND SAFETY LABORATORY University of Wisconsin-Madison 11. Contract or Grant No. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 0092-03-20 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Wisconsin Department of Transportation Final Report, 8/2003 – 6/2007 Hill Farms State Transportation Building 4802 Sheboygan Ave 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Madison, WI 53707 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Midwest University Transportation Center and the Wisconsin Department of Transportation. Report url: http://www.mrutc.org/research/0404/ 16.
    [Show full text]
  • Skidding on Highways
    SKIEDING OH HIGHWAYS By REDDY SRIRASJULJ M» B.£. v MADRAS UNIVERSITY, 1954 A MASTER'S REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER Of SCIENCE of Civil Engineering KAtiSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1963 Approved byt Major Professor *3 f i OP CONTENTS Page tODOCTION 1 FURPO-" 2 skidding mm 3 General 3 Rel thip of vehicle dynamics to skidding k Relationship of design and composition of tires to skidding 5 Relationship of road surface properties to skidding 1^- Accidents and human elemfent in skidding 21 •'JRBMSHT OP SKID R3SISTA 2h General 2k- Field Tests 25 1« Pa er-car broking tests 25 a. stopping-distance tost 25 b» R te of deceleration test 29 c. Toved-vehicle skid tests 31 d. Advantages and disadvantages of the t: roe methods 35 c. Comparison of results obtained by three different at ods of testing skid resis- tance in California 37 f . Comparison of several methods of measur- ing' road surface friction 38 g» Selection of a field test for a field investigation *fl Laboratory tests *f2 1. Purdue University Skid-test apparatus h2 2* University of Kentuc! y investigation ' 2 3. University of Tennessee equipment ^3 h* National Crushed stone Association Procedure I 3 c EPF.JCTS OF AOOR30ATS FACTORS ON PAV ;. T FRICTION *# POLISHI -:- CHAIU tXICa OF HINBRAL AGORBStf IN REGARD TO P S h6 General k6 Linestone I 7 Sandstone 50 Other Aggregate types 51 flMIZI/G PAV 1 TIT ILIP ' ft TRTJCTIOriS 52 General 52 Portland Cement Concrete 52 Bituminous Surfa 55 lOTHW TI-SKID "IF SLIPPERY PAVMrjg 57 Deslicking existing Surfaces 57 Surfao* treatments 58 COIICLTTSIC 62 ACK"0 T8 51+ RE~ iS 65 INTRODUCTION Current estimates based on the highway accident records indicate that skidding by at least one of the involved vehicles occurs in over si* per cent of all traffic accidents (25) • Skidding was reported as involved in four out of ten (41 per cent) rural accidents in Virginia in 1957.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Wheather-Controlled Variable Message Signing on Driver Behaviour
    4 4 7 V T T P U B L I C A T I O N S The concept of weather-controlled speed limits and displays proved VTT PUBLICATIONS 447 successful. Specifically, lowering the speed limit from 100 km/h to 80 km/h Pirkko Rämä on a weather-controlled road decreased the mean speed by an average of 3.4 km/h in winter; the variance of speed was decreased; the slippery road condition sign and minimum headway sign decreased the mean speed of cars travelling in free-flow traffic by 1–2 km/h; the minimum headway sign also Effects of wheather-controlled decreased the proportion of short headways, and drivers’ reports suggested that these variable message signs increase more careful driving and are variable message signing on accepted. The thesis sums up six studies which investigated the effects of variable message signs on driver behaviour. The slippery road condition sign driver behaviour is recommended for careful use at critical spots, whereas a system including Effects of wheather-controlled variable message signing on driver behaviour Pirkko Rämä variable speed limits is recommended for somewhat longer road sections. V T T P u b l i c a t i o n s V T T P u b l i c a t i o n s V T T P u b l i c a t i o n s V T T P u b l i c a P t i o n s V T T P u b l i c a t i o n s V T T P u b l i c a t i o n s V T T P u b l i c a t i o n s V T T P u b l i c a t i o n s V T T P u b l i c a t i o n s Tätä julkaisua myy Denna publikation säljs av This publication is available from VTT TIETOPALVELU VTT INFORMATIONSTJÄNST VTT INFORMATION SERVICE PL 2000 PB 2000 P.O.Box 2000 02044 VTT 02044 VTT FIN–02044 VTT, Finland Puh.
    [Show full text]