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Protection &Control Journal Case Study - Riverside Public Utilities - Expansion Drives Need for Increased Communications Capacity pg 109 Protection Control Journal & 10th Edition BUILDING BLOCKS FOR POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION AND AUTOMATION KEY ARTICLES: Detection of Incipient Faults in pg 41 Underground MV Cables Substation Automation Hybrid pg 65 Enhanced Algorithm for Motor pg 83 Rotor Broken Bar Detection Reducing Arc Flash Risk with the pg 91 Application of Protective Relays $19.95 USD Stay Current Get your FREE subscription today To receive future publications of the Protection & Control Journal, sign up at: www.GEDigitalEnergy.com/journal Advertising Opportunities Learn more about how to reach today’s protection and control professionals. www.GEDigitalEnergy.com/journal Submit Articles To submit articles to be considered for inclusion in a future issue of this VISIT US NOW journal email: [email protected] USING YOUR SMARTPHONE The Protection and Control Journal is a unique publication that presents power system protection and control engineers with a compilation of relevant and valuable documents. GE Digital Energy grants permission to educators and academic libraries to photocopy articles from this journal for classroom purposes. There is no charge to educators and academic libraries provided that they give credit to the Protection & Control Journal and GE Digital Energy. Others must request reprint permission from GE Digital Energy. The Protection & Control Journal is published by GE Digital Energy, 215 Anderson Avenue, Markham, Ontario, Canada, L6E 1B3. All rights reserved. GE and g are trademarks of the General Electric Company. Copyright © 2011 GE Digital Energy. All rights reserved. www.GEDigitalEnergy.com ISSN 1718-3189 Protection Control Journal Content & 10th Edition Building Blocks FOR POWER SYSTEM ProTECTION AND AuTOMATION Generation 7 Tieline Controls in Microgrid Applications 15 Windfarm System Protection Using Peer-to-Peer Communications Transmission 21 Distance Relay Fundamentals 31 Application Considerations in System Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS) Distribution 37 The Evolution of Distribution 41 Detection of Incipient Faults in Underground Medium Voltage Cables 51 Justifying Distribution Automation Substation Automation 55 Replenishing the Aging Work Force in the Power Industry 65 Substation Automation Hybrid 71 Secure Substation Automation for Operations & Maintenance Industrial & Commercial 83 Enhanced Algorithm for Motor Rotor Broken Bar Detection 91 Reducing Arc Flash Risk with the Application of Protective Relays 101 An Industrial Power System Management for High Quality Uninterrupted Power Supply at Tata Steel Case Study 109 Riverside Public Utilities Expansion Drives Need for Increased Communications Capacity Industry Innovations Upcoming Events 111 113 Editorial Bala Vinayagam Marketing Director GE Digital Energy - Multilin Building Blocks for the Modern Power Grid The bridging of traditional power systems with a modern day high speed communication infrastructure has changed the way we protect, monitor and control the power grid and its assets. Transmission utilities have implemented the Smart Grid for the past three decades by interconnecting substations to control centers and effectively controlling the way the power flowed in the high voltage grids. Due to the economic and environmental constraints of adding bulk power plants such as fossil or nuclear power plants, utilities have turned toward renewable power and its integration at the sub transmission and distribution level. The bidirectional power flow at the The articles in this Journal explain system, that uses the concepts of distance distribution level has led to various the basic building blocks of such protection (described in “Distance Relay challenges in terms of operating the interconnected protection, control and Fundamentals”), transmission line grids at transmission or at distribution automation systems across the power protection (“Transmission Line Protection levels. The addition of electric vehicles, grid from generation and transmission Principles”), and the new tool of a phasor microgrids, home automation and smart to industrial and consumer distribution measurement unit (PMU) (“Application appliances in the distribution network of power. Take for example, the paper of a Phasor Measurement Unit for only compound operational challenges. “Application Considerations for System Disturbance Recording”). Despite this, the fundamental nature of Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS)”. A power systems remains the same, and SIPS scheme is nothing more than wide To learn more about these and other operational challenges can be solved by area protection of the transmission solutions, visit the Digital Energy making the grid smarter from generation system, that uses the concepts of distance Solutions Explorer (gedigitalenergy.com/ to distribution to utilization of power. protection (described in “Distance solutions). This interactive tool allows Relay Fundamentals”), transmission one to scroll across the power system Smart Grid deployments require data line protection (“Transmission Line by industry segment and view complete to flow seamlessly from various end Protection Principles”), and the new tool solutions, from Generation, Transmission devices such as meters, sensors, of a phasor measurement unit (PMU) and Distribution, to applications for protection relays and automation (“Application of a Phasor Measurement Residential, Commercial, and Industrial devices to enterprise level control Unit for Disturbance Recording”). These users. centers. This allows users to derive application examples, along with other meaningful information to operate the These application examples, along case studies and examples in this issue of with other case studies and examples power networks more efficiently, reliably the Journal, describe the building blocks and safely. Smart Grid applications and in this issue of the Journal, describe of a protection and communication the building blocks of a protection and tools vary depending on the type of infrastructure that can be applied to grid served, for example, transmission, communication infrastructure that can increase the efficiency and reliability of be applied to increase the efficiency and sub transmission, distribution and power systems. industrial. The basic building blocks reliability of power systems. to feed these applications remain The articles in this Journal explain the same irrespective. The electrical the basic building blocks of such assets have to be protected using interconnected protection, control and Dr. Bala Vinayagam has more than 14 years modern IEDs (Intelligent Electronic automation systems across the power of experience in the field of Power System Devices), interconnect these IEDs using grid from generation and transmission Protection, Control, and Automation. He has a communication architecture through to industrial and consumer distribution led efforts within GE to advance technology wired or wireless networks, allow a of power. Take for example, the paper and was involved in defining and launching a range of smart grid products and solutions. seamless flow of data to the outside “Application Considerations for System He is also a member of IEEE and CIGRE and a world through a Gateway, and provide Integrity Protection Schemes (SIPS)”. A member of IEC TC-57 WG on IEC61850. He has a local view of the network they are SIPS scheme is nothing more than wide contributed more than 20 papers in various protecting. area protection of the transmission journals and conferences to advance the field. Editorial 5 Tieline Controls in Microgrid Applications M. Adamiak S.Bose, K.Bahei-Eldin, Y.Liu GE Digital Energy, Multilin GE Energy J. deBedout GE Corporate 1. Introduction operation, advanced local controls, energy management and protection technologies are required for robustness and reliability. As electric distribution technology moves into the next century, many trends are becoming apparent that will change the While the energy management optimization objective function requirements of energy delivery. These changes are being driven can be tailored to the needs of each application, in general the from both the demand side where higher energy availability overall objective is to optimize operating performance and cost in and efficiency are desired, and from the supply side where the normally grid-connected mode, while ensuring that the system the integration of distributed generation and peak-shaving is capable of meeting the performance requirements in stand- technologies must be accommodated. Distribution systems alone mode. One very appealing technology for grid connected possessing distributed generation and controllable loads with the operation is tieline controls, which will regulate the active and ability to operate in both grid-connected and standalone modes reactive power flow between the Microgrid and the bulk grid at are an important class of the so-called Microgrid power system the point of interconnection. These controls essentially allow the (Figure 1). Microgrid to behave as an aggregated power entity that can be made dispatchable by the utility. Particularly beneficial to the utility is the fact that this feature can be designed to compensate for intermittency associated with renewable energy resources such as wind energy and solar energy, essentially pushing the management burden inside the Microgrid. This paper reviews the overall architecture of the Microgrid concept, and presents details
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