Let There Be Light Glass and Light Are Partners in Creating a Perfect Atmosphere in Airplanes and Cars
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Surface Free Energy Determination of APEX Photosensitive Glass
micromachines Article Surface Free Energy Determination of APEX Photosensitive Glass William R. Gaillard 1, Emanuel Waddell 2 and John D. Williams 1,* 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-256-616-2535 Academic Editor: Rolf Wuthrich Received: 7 January 2016; Accepted: 14 February 2016; Published: 23 February 2016 Abstract: Surface free energy (SFE) plays an important role in microfluidic device operation. Photosensitive glasses such as APEX offer numerous advantages over traditional glasses for microfluidics, yet the SFE for APEX has not been previously reported. We calculate SFE with the Owens/Wendt geometric method by using contact angles measured with the Sessile drop technique. While the total SFE for APEX is found to be similar to traditional microstructurable glasses, the polar component is lower, which is likely attributable to composition. The SFE was modified at each stage of device fabrication, but the SFE of the stock and fully processed glass was found to be approximately the same at a value of 51 mJ¨ m´2. APEX exhibited inconsistent wetting behavior attributable to an inhomogeneous surface chemical composition. Means to produce more consistent wetting of photosensitive glass for microfluidic applications are discussed. Keywords: surface free energy; surface tension; contact angle; photosensitive glass; microfluidics 1. Introduction The thermal, electrical, and chemical properties of photosenstive glass make it well suited for radio frequency (RF) and integrated circuit (IC) packaging, optoelectronics, micro-optics, microfluidics, and optofluidics. -
Photonic Glass-Ceramics: Consolidated Outcomes and Prospects Brigitte Boulard1, Tran T
Photonic glass-ceramics: consolidated outcomes and prospects Brigitte Boulard1, Tran T. T. Van2, Anna Łukowiak3, Adel Bouajaj4, Rogéria Rocha Gonçalves5, Andrea Chiappini6, Alessandro Chiasera6, Wilfried Blanc7, Alicia Duran8, Sylvia Turrell9, Francesco Prudenzano10, Francesco Scotognella11, Roberta Ramponi11, Marian Marciniak12, Giancarlo C. Righini13,14, Maurizio Ferrari6,13,* 1 Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283, Equipe Fluorures, Université du Maine, Av. Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 09, France. 2 University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Dist.5, HCM Vietnam. 3 Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, PAS, ul. Okolna 2, 50-950 Wroclaw, Poland. 4 Laboratory of innovative technologies, LTI, ENSA–Tangier, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tangier, Morocco. 5 Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil 6 CNR-IFN, CSMFO Lab., Via alla Cascata 56/c, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy. 7 Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS LPMC, UMR 7336, 06100 Nice, France. 8 Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio (CSIC), C/Kelsen 5, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. 9 LASIR (CNRS, UMR 8516) and CERLA, Université Lille 1, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France. 10 Politecnico di Bari, DEI, Via E. Orabona 4, Bari, 70125, Italy. 11 IFN-CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy 12 National Institute of Telecommunications, 1 Szachowa Street, 04 894 Warsaw, Poland. 13 Centro di Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Piazza del Viminale 2, 00184 Roma, Italy. 14 MipLAB. IFAC - CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. -
The American Ceramic Society 25Th International Congress On
The American Ceramic Society 25th International Congress on Glass (ICG 2019) ABSTRACT BOOK June 9–14, 2019 Boston, Massachusetts USA Introduction This volume contains abstracts for over 900 presentations during the 2019 Conference on International Commission on Glass Meeting (ICG 2019) in Boston, Massachusetts. The abstracts are reproduced as submitted by authors, a format that provides for longer, more detailed descriptions of papers. The American Ceramic Society accepts no responsibility for the content or quality of the abstract content. Abstracts are arranged by day, then by symposium and session title. An Author Index appears at the back of this book. The Meeting Guide contains locations of sessions with times, titles and authors of papers, but not presentation abstracts. How to Use the Abstract Book Refer to the Table of Contents to determine page numbers on which specific session abstracts begin. At the beginning of each session are headings that list session title, location and session chair. Starting times for presentations and paper numbers precede each paper title. The Author Index lists each author and the page number on which their abstract can be found. Copyright © 2019 The American Ceramic Society (www.ceramics.org). All rights reserved. MEETING REGULATIONS The American Ceramic Society is a nonprofit scientific organization that facilitates whether in print, electronic or other media, including The American Ceramic Society’s the exchange of knowledge meetings and publication of papers for future reference. website. By participating in the conference, you grant The American Ceramic Society The Society owns and retains full right to control its publications and its meetings. -
Lecture #16 Glass-Ceramics: Nature, Properties and Processing Edgar Dutra Zanotto Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil [email protected] Spring 2015
Glass Processing Lecture #16 Glass-ceramics: Nature, properties and processing Edgar Dutra Zanotto Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil [email protected] Spring 2015 Lectures available at: www.lehigh.edu/imi Sponsored by US National Science Foundation (DMR-0844014) 1 Glass-ceramics: nature, applications and processing (2.5 h) 1- High temperature reactions, melting, homogeneization and fining 2- Glass forming: previous lectures 3- Glass-ceramics: definition & applications (March 19) Today, March 24: 4- Composition and properties - examples 5- Thermal treatments – Sintering (of glass powder compactd) or -Controlled nucleation and growth in the glass bulk 6- Micro and nano structure development April 16 7- Sophisticated processing techniques 8- GC types and applications 9- Concluding remmarks 2 Review of Lecture 15 Glass-ceramics -Definition -History -Nature, main characteristics -Statistics on papers / patents - Properties, thermal treatments micro/ nanostructure design 3 Reading assignments E. D. Zanotto – Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., October 2010 Zanotto 4 The discovery of GC Natural glass-ceramics, such as some types of obsidian “always” existed. René F. Réaumur – 1739 “porcelain” experiments… In 1953, Stanley D. Stookey, then a young researcher at Corning Glass Works, USA, made a serendipitous discovery ...… 5 <rms> 1nm Zanotto 6 Transparent GC for domestic uses Zanotto 7 Company Products Crystal type Applications Photosensitive and etched patterned Foturan® Lithium-silicate materials SCHOTT, Zerodur® β-quartz ss Telescope mirrors Germany -
Practical Aspects and Implications of Interfaces in Glass-Ceramics
SCHOTT North America, Inc. Interfaces in Functional Materials Practical aspects and implications of interfaces in glass-ceramics Mark J. Davis SCHOTT North America, Inc. Outline Key questions to address Interfacial effects in glass-ceramics---a laundry list Glass-ceramics in general: SCHOTT commercial examples Commercial or near-commercial gc / interface examples Key questions: review SCHOTT North America, Inc. Interfaces in Functional Materials Key Questions (from H. Jain) What has been the role of interfaces in the development of emerging applications? With regard to applications, what aspects of interfaces are most important and why? What are the scientific issues that require basic understanding of interfaces in glass-ceramics? What is the relative importance of each? What properties of glass-ceramics hold promise for the future? SCHOTT North America, Inc. Interfaces in Functional Materials Practical Effects (Internal) Microstructural development surface energies and their impact on nucleation general glass stability; controlled vs. un-controlled crystallization (i.e., critical cooling rate in a commercial setting vs. academic…) Structural detailed nature of interface (e.g., “pristine”, microcracked…) crack blunting processes residual stresses, crystal clamping permeability Electrical Effective connectivity Resistive / capacitive behavior Optical scattering effects SCHOTT North America, Inc. Interfaces in Functional Materials Practical Effects (External) Joining (low-temperature) Hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic -
High-Precision Micro-Machining of Glass for Mass-Personalization and Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
High-precision micro-machining of glass for mass-personalization Lucas Abia Hof A Thesis In the Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Mechanical Engineering) at Concordia University Montreal, Québec, Canada June 2018 © Lucas Abia Hof, 2018 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Lucas Abia Hof Entitled: High-precision micro-machining of glass for mass-personalization and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Mechanical Engineering) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final examining committee: ______________________________________ Chair Dr. K. Schmitt ______________________________________ External Examiner Dr. P. Koshy ______________________________________ External to Program Dr. M. Nokken ______________________________________ Examiner Dr. C. Moreau ______________________________________ Examiner Dr. R. Sedaghati ______________________________________ Thesis Supervisor Dr. R. Wüthrich Approved by: ___________________________________________________ Dr. A. Dolatabadi, Graduate Program Director August 14, 2018 __________________________________________________ Dr. A. Asif, Dean Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Abstract High-precision micro-machining of glass for mass- personalization Lucas Abia Hof, -
Fundamentals of Laser Assisted Micro– and Nanotechnologies” (FLAMN-10)
International Conference “Fundamentals of Laser Assisted Micro– and Nanotechnologies” (FLAMN-10) ABSTRACTS ITMO RFBR GPI RAS State Hermitage Museum State Museum "Tzarskoje Selo" July 5-8, 2010 St. Petersburg − Pushkin, Russia INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Fundamentals of Laser Assisted Micro– & Nanotechnologies (FLAMN-10) July 5-8, 2010, St. Petersburg − Pushkin, Russia - Section Laser-Matter Interaction (LMI) - Section Laser-Assisted Micro-and Nanotechnologies (LAMN) Associated events: - Workshop “Photophysics of Nano-scale Systems” (W1) - Workshop “Terahertz Radiation Interaction with a Matter” (W2) - Workshop “Laser Cleaning and Artworks Conservation” (W3) - Seminar “Industrial Applications of Fiber Lasers” (S1) - Seminar “Computer Simulations of Laser Technologies” (S2) - School for young scientists and engineers (YSS) Dedicated to 50th anniversary of lasers and laser technology and 110 anniversary of National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics Organizers: • St. Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO), St. Petersburg, Russia • General Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), Moscow, Russia in cooperation with: Laser Association & D.S. Rozhdestvensky Russian Optical Society Sponsors: * Russian Federation Ministry of Education and Science, * St. Petersburg State University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO), * Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), * European Office of Aerospace Research & Development (EOARD) * General Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (GPI RAS), * Foundation “Dinasiya”, * “Laser Track” Ltd., * Company “Lasers & Apparatus TM”, * CE “Lasertech” Ltd., * “Laser Center” Ltd, * “Mobile Laser Technologies” Ltd., * “Baltex” Ltd., * TRIZ Centre “Tvortchestvo” Ltd., * Company “LaserVarioRakurs” I Honorary Chairs Vladimir N. Vasiliev, Ivan A. Shcherbakov SPb SU ITMO, St. Petersburg, GPI RAS, Moscow Conference Chairs Vadim P. Veiko, Vitaly I. Konov ITMO, St. -
Stability of Materials for Use in Space-Based Interferometric Missions
STABILITY OF MATERIALS FOR USE IN SPACE-BASED INTERFEROMETRIC MISSIONS By ALIX PRESTON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2010 1 °c 2010 Alix Preston 2 This is dedicated to all who were told they would fail, only to prove them wrong 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Much of this work would not have been made possible if it were not for the help of many graduate and undergraduate students, faculty, and sta®. I would like to thank Ira Thorpe, Rachel Cruz, Vinzenz Vand, and Josep Sanjuan for their help and thoughtful discussions that were instrumental in understanding the nuances of my research. I would also like to thank Gabriel Boothe, Aaron Spector, Benjamin Balaban, Darsa Donelon, Kendall Ackley, and Scott Rager for their dedication and persistence to getting the job done. A special thanks is due for the physics machine shop, especially Marc Link and Bill Malphurs, who spent many hours on the countless projects I needed. Lastly, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Guido Mueller, who put up with me, guided me, and supported me in my research. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ..................................... 9 LIST OF FIGURES .................................... 10 KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS ............................... 17 KEY TO SYMBOLS .................................... 19 ABSTRACT ........................................ 20 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................. 22 1.1 Space-Based Missions .............................. 23 1.2 GRACE ..................................... 23 1.3 GRACE Follow-On ............................... 25 1.4 LISA ....................................... 26 1.4.1 Introduction ............................... 26 1.4.2 Sources .................................. 27 1.4.2.1 Cosmological background sources ............. -
Richard Bijlard, Msc. Technogation - Invenios Invenios Worldwide
New Bonding Technology enables Multi-Material Photonics Solutions Richard Bijlard, MSc. Technogation - Invenios Invenios Worldwide Langen (Hessen) Germany Eindhoven Netherlands Santa Barbara, California, USA Material Structuring, Processing and Bonding • A variety of processes.. etching, micromachining, drilling laser processing, surface texturing wafer cutting, packaging, plating hot embossing,… ..on a range of materials! glasses, silicon, ceramics, polymers,metals, silicon carbide, thin films, sapphire, pyrex,… Presentation © Invenios – Richard Bijlard FOTURAN® Etch Large area processing Low aspect High aspect ratio ratio Sub-micron Features Embedded feature 3D features with large aspect ratio ! Deep undercut ~300 microns ! Room Temperature Bonding (patented: ATB) • Two or more substrates (different CTEs possible!) • Thin film blocking layer on interface layer • Appropriate wavelength laser • Very locally created plasma, so bulk of the material stays at room temperature • No glue or high temperatures Room Temperature Bonding - Characteristics • High bond strength > strength of the base material • High bond yields with reasonable demands on surface smoothness & cleanliness • Low temperatures, heat impacted zone < 1 µm of bond joint • Possible to create electrical leads in the same process step • Embed fluids or biomaterial/-coatings • Seals hermetically and in a vacuum or inert gas if required • Scalable process, designed for operating in clean room production lines • Flexibility in material selection, proven process! What can you bond? -
Micro-Hole Drilling on Glass Substrates—A Review
micromachines Review Micro-Hole Drilling on Glass Substrates—A Review Lucas A. Hof 1 and Jana Abou Ziki 2,* 1 Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada; [email protected] 2 Bharti School of Engineering, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-705-675-1151 (ext. 2296) Academic Editors: Hongrui Jiang and Nam-Trung Nguyen Received: 14 November 2016; Accepted: 3 February 2017; Published: 13 February 2017 Abstract: Glass micromachining is currently becoming essential for the fabrication of micro-devices, including micro- optical-electro-mechanical-systems (MOEMS), miniaturized total analysis systems (µTAS) and microfluidic devices for biosensing. Moreover, glass is radio frequency (RF) transparent, making it an excellent material for sensor and energy transmission devices. Advancements are constantly being made in this field, yet machining smooth through-glass vias (TGVs) with high aspect ratio remains challenging due to poor glass machinability. As TGVs are required for several micro-devices, intensive research is being carried out on numerous glass micromachining technologies. This paper reviews established and emerging technologies for glass micro-hole drilling, describing their principles of operation and characteristics, and their advantages and disadvantages. These technologies are sorted into four machining categories: mechanical, thermal, chemical, and hybrid machining (which combines several machining methods). Achieved features by these methods are summarized in a table and presented in two graphs. We believe that this paper will be a valuable resource for researchers working in the field of glass micromachining as it provides a comprehensive review of the different glass micromachining technologies. -
The Current and Future State-Of-The-Art Glass Optics for Space-Based Astronomical Observatories
The Current and Future State-of-the-art Glass Optics for Space-based Astronomical Observatories Abstract Recent technology advancements show significant promise in the ability to reduce the cost, schedule and risk associated with producing segmented Primary Mirrors (PMs) as well as monolithic optics larger than Hubble Space Telescope (HST) scale to the surface figure and smoothness required of current and future astronomical systems. This paper describes the present state-of-the art technology for glass mirrors at ITT and a path to next generation technology for use in a wide range of applications. In-process development activities will be discussed as well as the areas in which future investments can further enhance glass PM technologies. Active, passive, monolithic, and segmented mirror technologies will be discussed along with some basic descriptions of the different ways by which light-weighted glass mirror blanks are fabricated. There will be an emphasis on Corning’s Ultra Low Expansion (ULE®) and borosilicate optics, with some discussion of glass ceramics and other material substrates. The paper closes with a table that summarizes potential areas of investment that will continue to advance the state of the art for the use of glass and other materials in optical systems. Robert Egerman ITT Corporation 585-269-6148 [email protected] Co-Authors (from ITT) Gary Matthews Jeff Wynn* Charles Kirk Keith Havey *ITT Retiree Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank David Content from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for his continued support of the development of borosilicate corrugated optics and his efforts to further this technology through NASA’s Industrial Partnership Program. -
Microfabrication in Foturan™ Photosensitive Glass Using Focused Ion Beam
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2007 Vol II WCE 2007, July 2 - 4, 2007, London, U.K. Microfabrication in Foturan™ Photosensitive Glass Using Focused Ion Beam C J Anthony, P T Docker , P D Prewett and K C Jiang processed using a three step process. A glass wafer is exposed Abstract— The fabrication of nano-dimensional features in the to ultra-violet light typically in the 250-350nm range through a TM photoetchable glass Foturan , using focused ion beam quartz-chromium patterned mask. The exposure of the wafer in technology has been characterized. To date, most the prescribed area causes a release of electrons from the Ce++ microfabrication in this material has used UV lithography and donor ion. These electrons then recombine with the Ag+ ions to UV lasers, with minimum feature size of around 10µm determined by the grain structure, though there has been some recent work form Ag atoms. The wafer is then placed in a furnace at 600 using high energy proton irradiation. Focused ion beam degrees centigrade where the exposed parts are crystallized technology offers two potential advantages: features are etched causing the atoms of silver to agglomerate into small fragments. directly without post bake or HF wet etch and features can be Further heat treatment leads to the formation of lithium generated with lateral and depth resolution on the nanoscale. metasilicate. The final stage of processing is to etch the wafer Initial test features were milled to a depth of 1.46μm, without using hydrofluoric acid. The exposed areas etch preferentially distortion due to charging, at a milling rate of 0.23μm3/nC, in agreement with our simulations.