APPENDIX E: Bibliography of ECOTOX Open Literature for Alachlor
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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid IUPAC (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid name 2,4-D Other hedonal names trinoxol Identifiers CAS [94-75-7] number SMILES OC(COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)=O ChemSpider 1441 ID Properties Molecular C H Cl O formula 8 6 2 3 Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1 Appearance white to yellow powder Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K) Boiling 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg) point Solubility in 900 mg/L (25 °C) water Related compounds Related 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop compounds Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America.[1] 2,4-D is also an important synthetic auxin, often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. History 2,4-D was developed during World War II by a British team at Rothamsted Experimental Station, under the leadership of Judah Hirsch Quastel, aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war.[citation needed] When it was commercially released in 1946, it became the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize (corn), rice, and similar cereal grass crop, because it only kills dicots, leaving behind monocots. Mechanism of herbicide action 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant growth regulators. -
Arxiv:2001.00125V1 [Astro-Ph.EP] 1 Jan 2020
Draft version January 3, 2020 Typeset using LATEX default style in AASTeX61 SIZE AND SHAPE CONSTRAINTS OF (486958) ARROKOTH FROM STELLAR OCCULTATIONS Marc W. Buie,1 Simon B. Porter,1 et al. 1Southwest Research Institute 1050 Walnut St., Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302 USA To be submitted to Astronomical Journal, Version 1.1, 2019/12/30 ABSTRACT We present the results from four stellar occultations by (486958) Arrokoth, the flyby target of the New Horizons extended mission. Three of the four efforts led to positive detections of the body, and all constrained the presence of rings and other debris, finding none. Twenty-five mobile stations were deployed for 2017 June 3 and augmented by fixed telescopes. There were no positive detections from this effort. The event on 2017 July 10 was observed by SOFIA with one very short chord. Twenty-four deployed stations on 2017 July 17 resulted in five chords that clearly showed a complicated shape consistent with a contact binary with rough dimensions of 20 by 30 km for the overall outline. A visible albedo of 10% was derived from these data. Twenty-two systems were deployed for the fourth event on 2018 Aug 4 and resulted in two chords. The combination of the occultation data and the flyby results provides a significant refinement of the rotation period, now estimated to be 15.9380 ± 0.0005 hours. The occultation data also provided high-precision astrometric constraints on the position of the object that were crucial for supporting the navigation for the New Horizons flyby. This work demonstrates an effective method for obtaining detailed size and shape information and probing for rings and dust on distant Kuiper Belt objects as well as being an important source of positional data that can aid in spacecraft navigation that is particularly useful for small and distant bodies. -
Delayed Fluorescence Imaging of Photosynthesis Inhibitor and Heavy Metal Induced Stress in Potato
Cent. Eur. J. Biol. • 7(3) • 2012 • 531-541 DOI: 10.2478/s11535-012-0038-z Central European Journal of Biology Delayed fluorescence imaging of photosynthesis inhibitor and heavy metal induced stress in potato Research Article Jaka Razinger1,*, Luka Drinovec2, Maja Berden-Zrimec3 1Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2Aerosol d.o.o., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Institute of Physical Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Received 09 November 2011; Accepted 13 March 2012 Abstract: Early chemical-induced stress in Solanum tuberosum leaves was visualized using delayed fluorescence (DF) imaging. The ability to detect spatially heterogeneous responses of plant leaves exposed to several toxicants using delayed fluorescence was compared to prompt fluorescence (PF) imaging and the standard maximum fluorescence yield of PSII measurements (Fv/Fm). The toxicants used in the study were two photosynthesis inhibitors (herbicides), 100 μM methyl viologen (MV) and 140 μM diuron (DCMU), and two heavy metals, 100 μM cadmium and 100 μM copper. The exposure times were 5 and 72 h. Significant photosynthesis-inhibitor effects were already visualized after 5 h. In addition, a significant reduction in the DF/PF index was measured in DCMU- and MV-treated leaves after 5 h. In contrast, only DCMU-treated leaves exhibited a significant decrease in Fv/Fm after 5 h. All treatments resulted in a significant decrease in the DF/PF parameter after 72 h of exposure, when only MV and Cd treatment resulted in visible symptoms. Our study highlights the power of delayed fluorescence imaging. Abundant quantifiable spatial information was obtained with the instrumental setup. Delayed fluorescence imaging has been confirmed as a very responsive and useful technique for detecting stress induced by photosynthesis inhibitors or heavy metals. -
Evidence for Different Binding Sites on the 33-Kda Protein for DCMU, Atrazine and QB
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Volume 167, number 2 FEBS 1259 February 1984 Evidence for different binding sites on the 33-kDa protein for DCMU, atrazine and QB Chantal Astier, Alain Boussac and Anne-Lise Etienne Laboratoire de PhotosynthPse, CNRS, BP I, 91190 Gifsur-Yvette, France Received 21 November 1983; revised version received 4 January 1984 Two DCMU-resistant strains of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6714 were used to analyse the binding sites of DCMU, atrazine and QB. DCMU’-11~was DCMU and atrazine resistant; it presented an impaired electron flow and its 33-kDa protein was weakly attached to the membrane. DCMU’-IIB, derived from the former, simultaneously regained atrazine sensitivity, normal electron flow and a tight linkage of the 33-kDa protein to the membrane. This mutant shows that loss of DCMU binding does not necessarily affect the binding of either atrazine or QB. The role of the 33-kDa protein is discussed. Cyanobacteria Mutant Herbicide Photosynthesis Photosystem ZZ 1. INTRODUCTION that a specific attack of lysine residues resulted also in a partial release of inhibition by SN58132, Electron transfer on the acceptor side of a DCMU-type inhibitor [17]. Photosystem II occurs through a primary acceptor Radioactivity labelling experiments were used to QA [l] (a particular plastoquinone of the general demonstrate a competition between DCMU and pool [2] closely associated with the chlorophyll atrazine [6,18-201. A similar competition was pro- center), a secondary acceptor Qn [3] bound to its posed in [l l] between DCMU and QB. -
Interactions of Paraquat and Nitrodiphenylether Herbicides with the Chloroplast Photosynthetic Electron Transport in the Activation of Toxic Oxygen Species
INTERACTIONS OF PARAQUAT AND NITRODIPHENYLETHER HERBICIDES WITH THE CHLOROPLAST PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN THE ACTIVATION OF TOXIC OXYGEN SPECIES by Brad Luther Upham Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Physiology APPROVED: Kriton K. Hatzios, Chairman -----..------,,...-r---~---------J ohn L. Hess Joyce G. Foster Laurence D. Moore David M. Orcutt William E. Winner INTERACTIONS OF PARAQUAT AND.NITRODIPHENYLETHER HERBICIDES WITH THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN THE ACTIVATION OF TOXIC OXYGEN SPECIES by Brad Luther Upham Kriton K. Hatzios, Chairman Plant Physiology (ABSTRACT) The interactions of paraquat (methylviologen) and diphenylether her- bicides with the Mehler reaction as investigated. Sera from two differ- ent rabbits (RSl & RS2) were examined for their patterns of inhibition of the photosynthetic electron transport (PET) system. Serum from RS2 was greatly hemolyzed. Fifty ul of RSI serum were required for 100% inhibi- tion of a 1120 --> methylviologen(MV)/02 reaction, whereas only 10 µl of a 1:10 dilution of RS2 were needed for 100% inhibition. The ~-globulin fraction from purified rabbit serum (RSl) did not inhibit PET, indicat- ing that the antibody fraction of the rabbit serum does not contain the inhibitor. It appears that the inhibitor is from the hemolyzed red blood cells. Rabbit sera, added to chloroplast preparations prior illu- mination, caused no inhibition of a 1120 --> MV/02 reaction while addi- tion of rabbit sera during illumination inhibited the 1120 --> MV/02 reaction within 1-3 s. Various Hill reactions were used to determine the site of inhibition. -
DCMU) Or Paraquat-Treated Euglena Gracilis Cells Erich F
Chlorophyll Photobleaching and Ethane Production in Dichlorophenyldimethylurea- (DCMU) or Paraquat-Treated Euglena gracilis Cells Erich F. Elstner and W. Osswald Institut für Botanik und Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Arcisstr. 21, D-8000 München 2 Z. Naturforsch. 35 c, 129-135 (1980); received August 20/September 28, 1979 Chlorophyll Bleaching, Herbicides, Euglena gracilis, Ethane, Fat Oxidation Light dependent (35 Klux) chlorophyll bleaching in autotrophically grown Euglena gracilis cells at slightly acidic pH (6.5 —5.4) is stimulated by the photosystem II blockers DCMU and DBMIB (both 10~ 5 m) as well as by the autooxidizable photosystem I electron acceptor, paraquat (1 0 -3 m ). Chlorophyll photobleaching is accompanied by the formation of thiobarbituric acid — sensitive material (“malondialdehyde”) and ethane. Both chlorophyll photobleaching and light dependent ethane formation are partially prevented by higher concentrations (10~* m ) of the autooxidizable photosystem II electron acceptor DBMIB or by sodium bicarbonate (25 mM). In vitro studies with cell free extracts (homogenates) from E. gracilis suggest that a-linolenic acid oxidation by excited (reaction center II) chlorophyll represents the driving force for both ethane formation and chlorophyll bleaching. Ethane formation thus appears to be a sensitive and non-destructive “in vivo’’ marker for both restricted energy dissipation in photosystem II and, conditions yielding reactive oxygen species at the reducing side o f photosystem I. Introduction quent lipid attack and membrane destruction in the case of low potential photosystem I electron ac Chlorophyll bleaching is one of the characteristic ceptors as paraquat and other bipyridylium salts symptoms for plant diseases introduced by infec [4, 5, 9], tions, certain physical parameters or by chemicals. -
Precise Astrometry and Diameters of Asteroids from Occultations – a Data-Set of Observations and Their Interpretation
MNRAS 000,1–22 (2020) Preprint 14 October 2020 Compiled using MNRAS LATEX style file v3.0 Precise astrometry and diameters of asteroids from occultations – a data-set of observations and their interpretation David Herald 1¢, David Gault2, Robert Anderson3, David Dunham4, Eric Frappa5, Tsutomu Hayamizu6, Steve Kerr7, Kazuhisa Miyashita8, John Moore9, Hristo Pavlov10, Steve Preston11, John Talbot12, Brad Timerson (deceased)13 1Trans Tasman Occultation Alliance, [email protected] 2Trans Tasman Occultation Alliance, [email protected] 3International Occultation Timing Association, [email protected] 4International Occultation Timing Association, [email protected] 5Euraster, [email protected] 6Japanese Occultation Information Network, [email protected] 7Trans Tasman Occultation Alliance, [email protected] 8Japanese Occultation Information Network, [email protected] 9International Occultation Timing Association, [email protected] 10International Occultation Timing Association – European Section, [email protected] 11International Occultation Timing Association, [email protected] 12Trans Tasman Occultation Alliance, [email protected] 13International Occultation Timing Association, deceased Accepted XXX. Received YYY; in original form ZZZ ABSTRACT Occultations of stars by asteroids have been observed since 1961, increasing from a very small number to now over 500 annually. We have created and regularly maintain a growing data-set of more than 5,000 observed asteroidal occultations. The data-set includes: the raw observations; astrometry at the 1 mas level based on centre of mass or figure (not illumination); where possible the asteroid’s diameter to 5 km or better, and fits to shape models; the separation and diameters of asteroidal satellites; and double star discoveries with typical separations being in the tens of mas or less. -
List of Class 1 Designated Chemical Substances
List of Class 1 Designated Chemical Substances *1:CAS numbers are to be solely as references. They may be insufficient or lacking, in case there are multiple chemical substances. No. Specific Class 1 CAS No. (PRTR Chemical (*1) Name Law) Substances 1 - zinc compounds(water-soluble) 2 79-06-1 acrylamide 3 140-88-5 ethyl acrylate 4 - acrylic acid and its water-soluble salts 5 2439-35-2 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate 6 818-61-1 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate 7 141-32-2 n-butyl acrylate 8 96-33-3 methyl acrylate 9 107-13-1 acrylonitrile 10 107-02-8 acrolein 11 26628-22-8 sodium azide 12 75-07-0 acetaldehyde 13 75-05-8 acetonitrile 14 75-86-5 acetone cyanohydrin 15 83-32-9 acenaphthene 16 78-67-1 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile 17 90-04-0 o-anisidine 18 62-53-3 aniline 19 82-45-1 1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone 20 141-43-5 2-aminoethanol 21 1698-60-8 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one; chloridazon 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyano- 22 120068-37-3 4[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]pyrazole; fipronil 23 123-30-8 p-aminophenol 24 591-27-5 m-aminophenol 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one; 25 21087-64-9 metribuzin 26 107-11-9 3-amino-1-propene 27 41394-05-2 4-amino-3-methyl-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one; metamitron 28 107-18-6 allyl alcohol 29 106-92-3 1-allyloxy-2,3-epoxypropane 30 - n-alkylbenzenesulfonic acid and its salts(alkyl C=10-14) 31 - antimony and its compounds 32 120-12-7 anthracene 33 1332-21-4 asbestos ○ 34 4098-71-9 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate 35 78-84-2 isobutyraldehyde -
20210311 IAEG AD-DSL V5.0 for Pdf.Xlsx
IAEGTM AD-DSL Release Version 4.1 12-30-2020 Authority: IAEG Identity: AD-DSL Version number: 4.1 Issue Date: 2020-12-30 Key Yellow shading indicates AD-DSL family group entries, which can be expanded to display a non-exhaustive list of secondary CAS numbers belonging to the family group Substance Identification Change Log IAEG Regulatory Date First Parent Group IAEG ID CAS EC Name Synonyms Revision Date ECHA ID Entry Type Criteria Added IAEG ID IAEG000001 1327-53-3 215-481-4 Diarsenic trioxide Arsenic trioxide R1;R2;D1 2015-03-17 2015-03-17 100.014.075 Substance Direct Entry IAEG000002 1303-28-2 215-116-9 Diarsenic pentaoxide Arsenic pentoxide; Arsenic oxide R1;R2;D1 2015-03-17 2015-03-17 100.013.743 Substance Direct Entry IAEG000003 15606-95-8 427-700-2 Triethyl arsenate R1;R2;D1 2015-03-17 2017-08-14 100.102.611 Substance Direct Entry IAEG000004 7778-39-4 231-901-9 Arsenic acid R1;R2;D1 2015-03-17 2015-03-17 100.029.001 Substance Direct Entry IAEG000005 3687-31-8 222-979-5 Trilead diarsenate R1;R2;D1 2015-03-17 2017-08-14 100.020.890 Substance Direct Entry IAEG000006 7778-44-1 231-904-5 Calcium arsenate R1;R2;D1 2015-03-17 2017-08-14 100.029.003 Substance Direct Entry IAEG000009 12006-15-4 234-484-1 Cadmium arsenide Tricadmium diarsenide R1;R2;D1 2017-08-14 2017-08-14 Substance Direct Entry IAEG000021 7440-41-7 231-150-7 Beryllium (Be) R2 2015-03-17 2019-01-24 Substance Direct Entry IAEG000022 1306-19-0 215-146-2 Cadmium oxide R1;R2;D1 2015-03-17 2017-08-14 100.013.770 Substance Direct Entry IAEG000023 10108-64-2 233-296-7 Cadmium -
Planetary Defense Coordination Office
Planetary Defense Coordination Office Lindley Johnson NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer Planetary Defense Coordination Office Planetary Science Division NASA Headquarters Washington, DC Update to SMPAG February 6, 2020 n a s a . g o v / planetarydefense 2 Current Planetary Defense Flight Mission Projects NEOWISE • Continues in extended NEO survey operations • Expected to exceed maximum useful temperatures in ~Summer 2020 DART: Double Asteroid Redirection Test • Demonstration of kinetic impactor technique • Target - Moon of 65803 Didymos • Launch NET July 2021, impact September 2022 • Completed Mission-level PDR April 2018 • KDP-C “Confirmation” signed August 2018 • CDR completed June 2019, DPMC completed August 2019 • Phase C complete by 1 April 2020 3 Signatories to the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) iawn.net European Southern China National Northolt Branch Zwicky Višnjan Observatory Observatory Space Administration Observatories (UK) Transient (Croatia) Facility (US) National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics & Electronics (México) Korean Astronomy Space Science Institute (KASI) University of Nariño Inst. of Solar- Sormano Astronomical Colombia Terrestrial Physics Observatory (Italy) (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) Crimean European Institute of Astronomy, Astrophysical Observatory National Aeronautics and SONEAR Observatory Russian Academy of Space (Brazil) (Russian Academy of Sciences) Space Administration Sciences (ИНАСАН) Agency Special Follow-up Observers Astrophysical Peter Birtwhistle (UK) Observatory (Russian David Balam (Canada) 5 Academy of Patrick Wiggins (USA) Sciences) Kourovka Astronomical Observatory (UrFU ) Currently 20 signatories n a s a . g o v / planetarydefense NASA’s search started in 1998 *Potentially Hazardous Asteroids come within 7.5 million km of Earth orbit n a s a . g o v / planetarydefense All Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) n a s a . -
October 2019 Newsletter for the Wiltshire, Swindon, Beckington Committee Changes Astronomical Societies
Volume25, Issue 2 NWASNEWS October 2019 Newsletter for the Wiltshire, Swindon, Beckington Committee Changes Astronomical Societies A couple of changes to the committee The other position to be filled at the Wiltshire Society Page 2 positions from the AGM to report. To- AGM was the position of chairman. I ny Vale has stepped back from the have stepped back into the post for a Swindon Stargazers 3 year while some members think Beckington AS 4 observing coordinator alongside Jona- than Gale and Chris Brooks has volun- about options running forward but NASA Space Place 5 teered to step in, and is working on the thank you for year in office Keith. How to power a space probe viewing night list for the year, although The good news is that I have had 2 Space News 6-15 a family bereavement means he will members ask to be considered for 3.5 Billion yo fossil confirmed be supplying a more complete list in next year. Purple Twilight causes the next few days. He will also post On the Wiltshire Society page is a for Mush Starship Announcements these on the Facebook members page Fertile Mice from ISS sale item, an NEQ6 skywatcher Triple Massive Black hole System and the website via Sam. mount and battery. This is barely Summer Asteroid Near Miss Peter has completed the speaker list used, but Philip Proven is stepping Io’s 500 day Cycle at Loki Volca- for the year, see page 2, February is away from viewing and has this for noe Metalic Asteroid May have had waiting confirmation. -
Planetary Defense Coordination Office
Planetary Defense Coordination Office Lindley Johnson NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer Planetary Defense Coordination Office Planetary Science Division NASA Headquarters Washington, DC Update to AAAC January 23, 2020 n a s a . g o v / planetarydefense Planetary Defense Coordination Office The Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) was established in January 2016 at NASA HQ to manage planetary defense related activities across NASA, and coordinate with both U.S. interagency and international efforts to study and plan response to the asteroid impact hazard. Mission Statement Lead national and international efforts to: • Detect any potential for significant impact of planet Earth by natural objects • Appraise the range of potential effects by any possible impact • Develop strategies to mitigate impact effects on human welfare N e a r - Earth Object Observations Program – Interagency and International Partnerships – Mitigation Research 3 New White House Guidance released on 20 June 2018 https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp- content/uploads/2018/06/National-Near- Earth-Object-Preparedness-Strategy-and- Action-Plan-23-pages-1MB.pdf N e a r - Earth Object Observations Program – Interagency and International Partnerships – Mitigation Research National NEO Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan Goals in the New Action Plan • Enhance NEO detection, characterization, and tracking capabilities • Improve modeling, predictions, and information integration • Develop technologies for NEO deflection and disruption • Increase international cooperation on