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Accessing Water for the Common Good with Special Focus on Transboundary Waters

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Accessing Water for the Common Good with Special Focus on Transboundary Waters Overarching Conclusions 2009 Responding to Global Changes: Accessing Water for the Common Good with Special Focus on Transboundary Waters www.worldwaterweek.org Table of Contents Water for the Common Good 3 Overarching Conclusions 4 The Stockholm Message to COP-15 8 Rapporteur Theme Reports: Managing Water Across Borders 9 Coping with Climate Change 13 Balancing Competing Demands 17 Responding to Socio-economic and Demographic Changes 20 Ensuring Human and Environmental Health 23 Convening Organisations 28 Stockholm Water Prize 30 Stockholm Junior Water Prize 31 Stockholm Industry Water Award 32 Swedish Baltic Sea Water Award 33 Best Poster 34 2009 World Water Week Supporters and Sponsors 35 Photo: Mats Lannerstad Cover photos: Mikael Ullén, Thomas Henrikson, Exray and Jonas Kjellstrand. Design: Britt-Louise Andersson, SIWI. This report is published by the Stockholm International Water Institute and printed by Trosa Tryckeri, Trosa, Sweden. The printing process has been certified according to the Nordic Swan label for environmental quality. 2 The High Level Panel on Transboundary Waters gathered leading experts and policy makers in the field for a spirited discussion on shared waters. Photos: Thomas Henrikson/SIWI Water for the Common Good The 2009 World Water Week in Stockholm brought more than • Section two includes analysis by the appointed World Water 2,400 leaders together from many different sectors of the sci- Week rapporteur teams covering five thematic streams. entific, government, civil society andNGO fields to focus new • Section three highlights the work of those honoured during thinking and positive action toward the water-related problems the week with the Stockholm Water Prize, the Stockholm facing our world. The theme for the week was “Responding to Junior Water Prize, the Stockholm Industry Water Award, Global Changes: Accessing Water for the Common Good”, the Swedish Baltic Sea Water Award and the Best Poster. with a special focus on Transboundary Waters. Throughout the Week, experts and organisations from many The primary goal of World Water Week is to provide an an- sectors explored various issues through plenary sessions, work- nual focal point for solutions to the growing array of water and shops, seminars, side events, and panels. These issues include development challenges facing the world. We urge you to visit the topics such as transboundary waters, sanitation, food security, World Water Week website, www.worldwaterweek.org, where you water resources management, governance, human rights and agri- will find a rich resource of summaries, materials, presentations, culture, as well as specific issues focused on the central theme. references, and links pertaining to each and every session. The The 2009 World Water Week proved to be especially notable website compliments this publication and is designed to serve as in its call for the COP-15 negotiators to include water as a fun- a year round resource on the issues covered during World Water damental factor in deliberations regarding climate and adapta- Week, all of it easily accessible through the interactive “event tion. At the Week’s closing plenary, the assembled participants finder” tool under Programme 2009. unanimously voted to send a formal message – now commonly I would like to thank all of you – convening organisations, called “The Stockholm Message” – outlining the specific rea- participants, sponsors and partners alike – for your role in mak- sons why water must be part of any agreements for effectively ing the 2009 World Water Week in Stockholm a tremendous responding to the climate changes facing the planet. success. Please mark your calendars for September 5-11, 2010 so As the organiser and host of the 2009 World Water Week, the you can join us for the 20th anniversary World Water Week, when Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) has prepared our theme will be “Responding to Global Changes: The Water and published these overarching conclusions. The report analyses Quality Challenge – Prevention, Wise Use and Abatement.” the issues, initiatives and recommendations put forward during the Week for the benefit of the participants and the broader water and development communities. • The Overarching Conclusions in section one are compiled Anders Berntell and written by SIWI to try to capture what we feel were the Executive Director key issues and insights advanced during the week. Stockholm International Water Institute 3 Photo: Mats Lannerstad Overarching Conclusions This section is based on Stockholm International Water In- and the fact that there are few, if any, political disagreements, stitute’s conclusions and what we consider as the key threads the efforts to substantially reduce the plight of the 1.1 billion that emerged from the week. These overarching conclusions who lack access to household water are not enough. It is essential are also based on the summary reports from workshops and to recognise that it is not only the 1.1 billion who are affected. seminars and the rapporteur theme reports (see next section of Families and relatives of those who are affected, their farms this publication). Our interpretation of issues raised from over or work places and society at large also bear the brunt of this 100 substantive sessions are intended to provide meaningful lingering tragedy. For various reasons, there is less evidence of messages for both participants who were at the week and other these wider costs to society. stakeholders unable to attend. The overall aim is to maintain The purpose of the 2009 World Water Week was to link a dialogue beyond the intense and fruitful discussions during the issue of access to the wider picture. If access is improved the World Water Week itself. for those who today are deprived, it is not only those that are served that will reap the benefits, but also the community, the Access to water economy and the development of society as a whole. In other Water scarcity, poverty in its multiple manifestations, conflicts words, it would serve the common good. The word “common” and political circumstances influence people’s ability to access features in many prominent reports; “our common future” from water, particularly for the daily requirements for drinking water the Gro Harlem Bruntland Commission (1987), “our common and household needs. Water may be available in aquifers, in crisis” the Willy Brandt Commission (1983) and “our common nearby streams or even in village ponds, but due to technical, security” from the Olof Palme Commission (1982). Accessing economic, cultural and other reasons many people may not have water may be seen from a similar perspective: lacking access access to water sources or to the services that are organised by to water represents a fundamental problem for those who do the public sector or other providers. Not having access to the not enjoy access to this basic need, and it is also a significant most basic necessity of life is causing dramatic and detrimental threat to the stabile and harmonious development of society, consequences for the people concerned. Detailed statistical the common good. accounts and a large number of illustrated cases of people af- Poor access to water is exacerbated by increasing climate vari- fected from a lack of access to drinking and household water, ability and the occurrence of conflict or natural disasters. Efforts are repeatedly presented in literature and media. It is, indeed, must be made to allocate and use the entire water resource in mindboggling that in spite of repeated high level commitments the most worthwhile manner, taking into account the social, 4 economic and environmental needs. Household provisions are, requirement that national and sub-national water policies and of course, the most basic need, but for overall development, it arrangements within each riparian must first be well developed is of paramount importance to remember that water is sine qua and implemented. Managing transboundary water resources non in virtually all sectors of society and that household water does, naturally, include challenges that are more complex than requirements are quite small in quantitative terms. Another national and local water management issues. The magnitude major difference is the variation in water requirements over time and complexity of the water challenge is compounded by the and between sectors. For example, the agricultural sector needs variation in political regimes, level of economic progress, and water on a seasonal basis whereas households require drinking demographic and cultural circumstances. water on a daily continuous basis. Storage is consequently an Attention to transboundary surface water systems has been important issue. apparent for several decades, whereas the interest and concern The different options for storing water, from large dams to for transboundary aquifers has only recently gained traction. household rainwater tanks, were examined during the week. With climate change and the associated increase in surface Each option has benefits and risks, necessitating an integrated water variability, groundwater abstraction and use is expected basin approach that enhances the potential complementarities to increase, which means that improved coordination in the between the options. With growing concentrations of people planning and monitoring of surface and groundwater systems in areas where natural availability is limited, bulk transfers are is essential. often seen as an option. Demands to transfer water over long
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