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The Columbus, Ohio Public Schools During the Natural Gas Shortage

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The Columbus, Ohio Public Schools During the Natural Gas Shortage V DOCUMENT RESUME ED 151 946 95 BA 010 443 AUTHOR Sanders, James R.; Stufflebeam, Daniel L. TITLF A Study of School Without Schools: Th Columbus, Ohio Public Schools During the Natural Gas Shortage, Winter,0977. Volume I and Volume II, Appendices. INSTITUTION Western Michigan Univ., Kalamazoo. School of Education. SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Dec 77 CONTRACT NSF-C-7621134 NOTE 675p.; Not available in paper copy due to marginal legibility of Farts of document; Newspaper reprints may be'illegible; Pages 165-170 of Volume II are deleted due to copyright restrictions EDRS PRICE MF-$1.33 Plus Postage. HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Case Studies (Education); Classroom Research; *Delivery Systems; Depleted Resources; *Educational Alternatives; Educational Innovation; Educational Strategies; Elementary Secondary Education; *Energency Programs; Mass Media; Program Evaluation; *School Closing; School Community Cooperation; Science Education; Teaching Techniques; Utilities IDENTIFIERS Columbus Public Schools OH; *School Without Schools ABSTRACT The energy crisis, specifically a shortage of natural gase'caused by the unusually cold winter of 1977, resulted in the Columbus, Ohio; schools being closed for a month. Schools heated with gas were closed, but students set one day a week in school buildings that used coal, oil, or electricity. The educational program continued with school personnel encodxaged,to use various creativity in making assignments and maintaining bpntacts with pupils. Special sections were published in the newspapers, and radio and television stations allocated tine for educational progress. This report is a description. of the responses to the school closing made by the education system and surrounding community. Methods used in the study included classroo observation; site observation; and a mail survey of a sample of students, parents, and teachers. (MLF) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be lade * * . from the original document. * *********************************************************************** .US OEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION & WELFARE W) NATIONAI, INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- CT` DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM Volume I THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN' r4 ATIND IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE- tr SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF i-4 EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY c:1 Li.! A STUDY OF SCHOOL WITHOUT SCHOOLS: THE'COLUMBUS, OHIO PUBLIC SCHOOLS DURING THE,NATURAL GAS SHORTAGE, . WINTER, 1977 BEST COPY AVAILABLE James R. Sanders Daniel L. Stufflebeam EVALU_\, ENTER COLLEGE OF EDUCATION WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN 49008 C sri December, -1977 ' " PROJECT PERSONNEL [Co-Principle Investigators:] James R. Sanders, Associate Director, Evaluation Center and Associate Professor of Educational' Leadership, Western Michigan University Daniel L. Stufflebeam, Director, Evaluation Center and Professor of Educational Leadership, Western_Michigan_University (Research Assistants:] Elizabeth Gilson, Graduate Student, Ohio State University Sy an Kensinger, Graduate Student, Ohio State University Contributing Researcher:[ Rd1ert Rodosky, Graduate Student, Ohio State University and Evaluation Specialist, Columbus; Ohio Public Schools Classroom Observation Team:j Terry Denny, Assistant Dean for Graduate Programs, University'of Illinois Barbara Crandon, Elementary Teacher, Scioto Downs, Ohio School District Marilyn Suydam, Professor, Mathematics Education, Ohio State University Arthur White, Professor, Science Education, Ohio State University (Supplemented by.:( Miriam Brierly, Evaluation Specialist, Columbus, Ohio Public Schools Dwayne Channell, Mathematics and Science Education Department, Ohio State University t--- Joe Crosswhite, Chariman, Mathematics and Science Education,.Ohio State University Peg Kasten, Mathematics and Science Education Department, Ohio State University Diane Thomas, Mathematics and Science Education Department,Ohio State University Margaret Wehner, Evaluation Specialist, Columbus, OhiolPublicSchools (Site Visitation Team: George Mallinson, Distinguished Professor of Education, Western Michigan University Richard Munsterman, Associate Professor of EducationalLeadership, Western Michigan University Charles Warfield, Associate Professor of EducationalLeadership, Western. Michigan University Donald Weaver, Director, CoMmunity EducationDevelopment Center and Professor of Educational Leadership, Western Michigan University (Data Analysis:] Randy Demaline, Graduate Student, Evaluation Center,Western Michigan University Marjorie Hershiser, Graduate Student, EvaluationCenter, Western Michigan University fTiTical Support, Business Management Klazina Johnston, Secretary, Evaluation Center,. WesternMichigan University Karen Wentland, Secretary, EvaluationCenter, Western Michigan University Carolyn Williams, Secretary, EvaluationCenter, Western Michigan University A STUDY OF SCHOOL WITHOUT'SCHOOLS: THE COLUMBUS-, OHIO PUBLIC-SCHOOLS DURING THE NATURAL GAS SHORTAGE, WINTER, 1917 James R. Sanders Daniel L. Stufflebeam Evaluation Center Western Michigan University December, 1977 t ACknowledgement and Disclaimer The material in this r'eport,is hosed upon work supported by the National Science Foundation=under Contraq No. NSF C-7621134. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or 'recommendationsex- pressed in this publication are those of the authors and donot necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 4 1 TABF-OF-CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 3 I. CONTEXT OF THE CRISIS 6 A. The City 6 B. The Columbus-Public Schools 8 C. The.Crisis and its History 9 . D. Origination of the Study 16 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY- chronological 20 III. FINDINGS REPORTED BY INVESTIGATORY METHOD 26 A. 'Classroom and School Building Observations by: 7 1. Barbara Grandon -- principal and teacher perform- ance during and after School Without Schools (elementary) / 27 2. Arthur White '-- secondary school science during and afterSthbol Without Schools 40 3. Marilyn Suydam,/ et al. -- secondary school mathe- matics during Old after School Without Schools 73 4. Miriam Brierly! -- field observation in secondary science 122 i 5. Margaret Wehner -- field observations in secondary science 137 . Site Visitation Team Reports by: 1. George Mallinson -- history; legal batis; mandated , vs.voluntary participation; science and math instruction; field observations in schools and community; media coverage 154 2. Charles Warfield -- steps to operationalize School Without Schools; reactions of various audiences; verbatim interviews (Dr. Luckey, Special Education Director; Title I parents; Dr. Tilton--student services) 173 3. Richard Munsterman -- gas shortage; legal problems; costs; key actors; contingency plan recommendations; science teacher hearing notes; notes on Columbia Gas interview; interviews with Qrs. Hall and Merriman; Energy Commission and Sen. Ocasek inter- view; polide interviews 185 4. Donald Weaver -- community. education element; parent perspective; Ohio State University involve- ment; use of field trips 252 2 C. Hearings 262 1. Science teachers 262 e. 2. Media teachers' 270 `3. PTA council 272 D. Secondary- AnalysisofExisting Data 281 1. Television ratings ,281 2. Rodosky study 289 E.--Survey Results for Pafents, Students', and Teacher0. 301 IV. CONCLUSIONS BY OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 321 A. To Describe the Context of School Without Schools 321 B. To Characterize the Design of the School Without Schools Program 321 C. To Describe the Delivery of the School WithoutSchools Program 369 D. To Identify Effects of the School Without Schools Program 1. Day Care Centers Study by Susan Kensinger 412 2. Police Statistics -- January and February, 1977 4119 ;E. To Obtain Reactions to the Program by Parents, Students, k and Teachers 420 F. To Ascertain the Extent of Use of the Program Outside, ; Columbus 423 1. Superintendents Study by Susan Kensinger and Elizabeth Gilson L. 424 .V. IMPLICA oNS FOR THE FUTURE 432 A. Guidelines for: 1. Central administration '433 2. Building administration 436 3. Physical plant staff 437 4. Teachers 465 5..School Board 465 6. Parents 466 7. Students 466 8. Support units 467 B. Implications for: 1. School planning 467 2. Federal R&D 468 3. Curriculum development 469 4. Inservice training 470 5. LegiSlative action 470 APPENDICES -3 FOREWORD The Columbus, Ohio Board of Education closed their schools effective at the end of the school day on Friday, February 4, 1977 /. Id until February 25, 1977. They also Spring Break from April 1977 to February 28-March 4, 1977.Schools were reopened on March 7, 1977. The energy crisis, specifically 11a shortage of natural gas, i f caused by the unusually cold Winter of1977 had suddenly and severely disrupted the school system in that community and inmany surrounding communities. This report is a description of-the 'responses to the school closing made by the education system and surrounding community, including government and business/public service agencies not part ---,of Columbus proper. Objectives of the study reported in this document included: 1. to describe the social; political, and educational context within which the alternative program was 4 being offered; (see Chapter I) 2. to characterize and assess the design of the alternative educational system, with particular attention to the programming that was done in the areas of mathematics, natural science,
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