Nesting Behavior of Sunbitterns (Eurypyga Helias) in Venezuela ’

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Costa Rica 2020

Sunrise Birding LLC COSTA RICA TRIP REPORT January 30 – February 5, 2020 Photos: Talamanca Hummingbird, Sunbittern, Resplendent Quetzal, Congenial Group! Sunrise Birding LLC COSTA RICA TRIP REPORT January 30 – February 5, 2020 Leaders: Frank Mantlik & Vernon Campos Report and photos by Frank Mantlik Highlights and top sightings of the trip as voted by participants Resplendent Quetzals, multi 20 species of hummingbirds Spectacled Owl 2 CR & 32 Regional Endemics Bare-shanked Screech Owl 4 species Owls seen in 70 Black-and-white Owl minutes Suzy the “owling” dog Russet-naped Wood-Rail Keel-billed Toucan Great Potoo Tayra!!! Long-tailed Silky-Flycatcher Black-faced Solitaire (& song) Rufous-browed Peppershrike Amazing flora, fauna, & trails American Pygmy Kingfisher Sunbittern Orange-billed Sparrow Wayne’s insect show-and-tell Volcano Hummingbird Spangle-cheeked Tanager Purple-crowned Fairy, bathing Rancho Naturalista Turquoise-browed Motmot Golden-hooded Tanager White-nosed Coati Vernon as guide and driver January 29 - Arrival San Jose All participants arrived a day early, staying at Hotel Bougainvillea. Those who arrived in daylight had time to explore the phenomenal gardens, despite a rain storm. Day 1 - January 30 Optional day-trip to Carara National Park Guides Vernon and Frank offered an optional day trip to Carara National Park before the tour officially began and all tour participants took advantage of this special opportunity. As such, we are including the sightings from this day trip in the overall tour report. We departed the Hotel at 05:40 for the drive to the National Park. En route we stopped along the road to view a beautiful Turquoise-browed Motmot.
Houde2009chap64.Pdf

Cranes, rails, and allies (Gruiformes) Peter Houde of these features are subject to allometric scaling. Cranes Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 are exceptional migrators. While most rails are generally MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA ([email protected]) more sedentary, they are nevertheless good dispersers. Many have secondarily evolved P ightlessness aJ er col- onizing remote oceanic islands. Other members of the Abstract Grues are nonmigratory. 7 ey include the A nfoots and The cranes, rails, and allies (Order Gruiformes) form a mor- sungrebe (Heliornithidae), with three species in as many phologically eclectic group of bird families typiﬁ ed by poor genera that are distributed pantropically and disjunctly. species diversity and disjunct distributions. Molecular data Finfoots are foot-propelled swimmers of rivers and lakes. indicate that Gruiformes is not a natural group, but that it 7 eir toes, like those of coots, are lobate rather than pal- includes a evolutionary clade of six “core gruiform” fam- mate. Adzebills (Aptornithidae) include two recently ilies (Suborder Grues) and a separate pair of closely related extinct species of P ightless, turkey-sized, rail-like birds families (Suborder Eurypygae). The basal split of Grues into from New Zealand. Other extant Grues resemble small rail-like and crane-like lineages (Ralloidea and Gruoidea, cranes or are morphologically intermediate between respectively) occurred sometime near the Mesozoic– cranes and rails, and are exclusively neotropical. 7 ey Cenozoic boundary (66 million years ago, Ma), possibly on include three species in one genus of forest-dwelling the southern continents. Interfamilial diversiﬁ cation within trumpeters (Psophiidae) and the monotypic Limpkin each of the ralloids, gruoids, and Eurypygae occurred within (Aramidae) of both forested and open wetlands.
2019 ABA Bird of the Year on the Biology, Field Identification, and General Coolness of the Red-Billed Tropicbird, Phaethon Aethereus

RED-BILLED TROPICBIRD | 2019 BIRD OF THE YEAR 2019 ABA Bird of the Year On the biology, field identification, and general coolness of the Red-billed Tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus IOANA SERITAN Berkeley, California [email protected] PETER PYLE San Francisco, California [email protected] 20 BIRDING | FEBRUARY 2019 he Red-billed Tropicbird is one of of the continental U.S. Read on to learn more Red-billed Tropicbird is joined by the White- three tropicbird species, all of which about tropicbirds in general and Red-billed tailed and Red-tailed tropicbirds to make up Tcan be found in the ABA Area with a Tropicbirds specifically—how to identify the monotypic family Phaethontidae within bit of legwork. Tropicbirds are a fun challenge them, where to find them, and why they are no the order Phaethontiformes. The latest ABA to find, a beauty to look at, and an interesting longer grouped with pelicans. Checklist, updated in December 2018, lists the evolutionary dilemma to consider. You may be Let’s start with some general context on White-tailed Tropicbird as Code 2 (regularly lucky enough to see a pair engaging in court- the tropicbird family. Tropicbirds are pelagic, occurring but range-restricted), while Red- ship display at a breeding site, perhaps meaning “open ocean,” birds that look kind of tailed and Red-billed are both Code 3 (rare in Hawaii, or you may be graced with like glorified terns. Their most famous phys- but annual); before Hawaii was added to the a sighting of a vagrant along ical features are the long tail plumes they ABA Area in late 2016, White-tailed was Code the East or West coast grow as adults.
Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically

Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose
The Origin and Diversification of Birds

Current Biology Review The Origin and Diversification of Birds Stephen L. Brusatte1,*, Jingmai K. O’Connor2,*, and Erich D. Jarvis3,4,* 1School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, King’s Buildings, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK 2Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA 4Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.B.), [email protected] (J.K.O.), [email protected] (E.D.J.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.003 Birds are one of the most recognizable and diverse groups of modern vertebrates. Over the past two de- cades, a wealth of new fossil discoveries and phylogenetic and macroevolutionary studies has transformed our understanding of how birds originated and became so successful. Birds evolved from theropod dino- saurs during the Jurassic (around 165–150 million years ago) and their classic small, lightweight, feathered, and winged body plan was pieced together gradually over tens of millions of years of evolution rather than in one burst of innovation. Early birds diversified throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous, becoming capable fliers with supercharged growth rates, but were decimated at the end-Cretaceous extinction alongside their close dinosaurian relatives. After the mass extinction, modern birds (members of the avian crown group) explosively diversified, culminating in more than 10,000 species distributed worldwide today. Introduction dinosaurs Dromaeosaurus albertensis or Troodon formosus.This Birds are one of the most conspicuous groups of animals in the clade includes all living birds and extinct taxa, such as Archaeop- modern world.
Gruiformes ~ Charadriiformes ~ Phaethontiformes ~ Eurypygiformes

Birds of the World part 4 Gruiformes through Eurypygiformes • ORDER GRUIFORMES – cranes, rails, and allies (6 families, 190 species) – Family Sarothruridae – flufftails (12 species) – Family Heliornithidae – finfoots (3 species) – Family Rallidae – rails, crakes, and coots (156 species) – Family Psophiidae – trumpeters (3 species) – Family Gruidae – cranes (15 species) – Family Aramidae – limpkin (1 species) • ORDER CHARADRIIFORMES – shorebirds (19 families, 384 species) – Family Turnicidae – buttonquail (17 species) – Family Burhinidae – stone-curlews or thick-knees (10 species) – Family Chionidae – sheathbills (2 species) – Family Pluvianellidae – Magellanic plover (1 species) – Family Haematopodidae – oystercatchers (12 species) – Family Dromadidae – crab-plover (1 species) – Family Ibidorhynchidae – ibisbill (1 species) – Family Recurvirostridae – stilts and avocets (10 species) – Family Charadriidae – plovers (67 species) – Family Pluvianidae – Egyptian plover (1 species) – Family Rostratulidae – painted-snipes (3 species) – Family Jacanidae – jacanas (8 species) – Family Pedionomidae – plains-wanderer (1 species) – Family Thinocoridae – seedsnipes (4 species) – Family Scolopacidae – sandpipers and snipes (96 species) – Family Glareolidae – coursers and pratincoles (17 species – Family Laridae – gulls, terns, and skimmers (101 species) – Family Stercorariidae – skuas (7 species) – Family Alcidae – auks (25 species) • ORDER PHAETHONTIFORMES (1 family, 3 species) – Family Phaethontidae – tropicbirds (3 species) • ORDER EURYPYGIFORMES
A Field Checklist of the Birds of Guyana 2Nd Edition

A Field Checklist of the Birds of Guyana 2nd Edition Michael J. Braun Davis W. Finch Mark B. Robbins and Brian K. Schmidt Smithsonian Institution USAID O •^^^^ FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE A Field Checklist of the Birds of Guyana 2nd Edition by Michael J. Braun, Davis W. Finch, Mark B. Robbins, and Brian K. Schmidt Publication 121 of the Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC, USA Produced under the auspices of the Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity University of Guyana Georgetown, Guyana 2007 PREFERRED CITATION: Braun, M. J., D. W. Finch, M. B. Robbins and B. K. Schmidt. 2007. A Field Checklist of the Birds of Guyana, 2nd Ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. AUTHORS' ADDRESSES: Michael J. Braun - Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, USA 20746 ([email protected]) Davis W. Finch - WINGS, 1643 North Alvemon Way, Suite 105, Tucson, AZ, USA 85712 ([email protected]) Mark B. Robbins - Division of Ornithology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66045 ([email protected]) Brian K. Schmidt - Smithsonian Institution, Division of Birds, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, USA 20013- 7012 ([email protected]) COVER ILLUSTRATION: Guyana's national bird, the Hoatzin or Canje Pheasant, Opisthocomus hoazin, by Dan Lane. INTRODUCTION This publication presents a comprehensive list of the birds of Guyana with summary information on their habitats, biogeographical affinities, migratory behavior and abundance, in a format suitable for use in the field. It should facilitate field identification, especially when used in conjunction with an illustrated work such as Birds of Venezuela (Hilty 2003).
2018 Guyana Tour Species List

Eagle-Eye Tours Guyana Bird Checklist Guide: Adam Kent March 2018 No. Common Name Scientific Name Heard/Seen Family Order 1 Great Tinamou Tinamus major H Tinamidae (Tinamous) Tinamiformes 2 Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui H Tinamidae (Tinamous) Tinamiformes 3 Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus H Tinamidae (Tinamous) Tinamiformes 4 Red-legged Tinamou Crypturellus erythropus H Tinamidae (Tinamous) Tinamiformes 5 Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus H Tinamidae (Tinamous) Tinamiformes 6 White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata S Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl) Anseriformes 7 Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis S Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl) Anseriformes 8 Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata S Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl) Anseriformes 9 Variable Chachalaca Ortalis motmot S Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows) Galliformes 10 Marail Guan Penelope marail S Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows) Galliformes 11 Spix's Guan Penelope jacquacu S Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows) Galliformes 12 Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis S Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows) Galliformes 13 Crestless Curassow Mitu tomentosum S Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows) Galliformes 14 Black Curassow Crax alector S Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows) Galliformes 15 Crested Bobwhite Colinus cristatus S Odontophoridae (New World Quail) Galliformes 16 Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus S Podicipedidae (Grebes) Podicipediformes 17 Maguari Stork Ciconia maguari
FIELD GUIDES BIRDING TOURS: New Caledonia, Fiji & Vanuatu 2012

Field Guides Tour Report New Caledonia, Fiji & Vanuatu 2012 Sep 3, 2012 to Sep 21, 2012 Phil Gregory NOTE: This tour's triplist is in two parts in the list of species seen below, beginning with those recorded during our visit to New Caledonia, then followed by those recorded during our visit to Vanuatu and Fiji. Another fine trip to New Caledonia, with good weather throughout and Air Calédonie behaving itself for once and actually leaving early on a couple of flights! The park at Rivière Bleue was having problems with a washed out embankment, so we had to use the shuttle bus to get to the forest, but it all worked out. Next day the shuttle driver was off sick, so the bicycle guy gave us a ride in his truck and we had a very pleasant 5 km walk back through the heath, which was well worth doing. Kagu happily was great, showing really well, with 7 birds the first day and a lovely couple of sightings on the second day. The gray ghost of the forest was, as ever, a hands-down winner for bird of the trip. However, not to be scorned were Cloven-feathered Dove, which was seen really well at Rivière Bleue, as well as at Farino, and which really is one of the world's great doves, and the huge New Caledonian (or Goliath) Imperial-Pigeon, which is also seriously impressive. New Caledonian Crow showed very well, as did both the main island parakeets (New Caledonian and Horned), and the Ouvea (Horned) Parakeet was outstanding, sitting out in full sun for some great shots.
Prum Et Al Supplemental Materials Revision 9

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature15697 A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Birds (Aves) using Targeted Next Generation DNA Sequencing Richard O. Prum1,2,*, Jacob S. Berv3,*, Alex Dornburg1,2,4, Daniel J. Field2,5, Jeffrey P. Townsend6, Emily Moriarty Lemmon7, and Alan R. Lemmon8 1 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA 2 Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven CT USA 3 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca NY USA 4 North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh NC USA 5 Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven CT USA 6 Department of Biostatistics, and Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA 7 Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA 8 Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA * These authors contributed equally to this work. Online Data and Software Archive A zip archive containing assembled sequence data, newick formatted tree files, code and scripts for generating and analyzing phylogenetic informativeness, and information on probe design and data assembly is available at Zenodo.org: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.28343. R code used for generating tree and supplemental figures is available on request. Choosing Fossil Calibrations We elected to employ traditional node-based divergence dating instead of a fossil tip-dating approach1,2 due to the lack of a sufficiently extensive and reliable morphological data matrix for extant and fossil crown birds. Our node-dating approach followed the commonly employed method of specifying hard minimum bounds on the age of a divergence using fossils, while applying a ‘soft’ upper bound for date estimates3,4.
A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History

REPORTS Analyses of individual loci showed that no single gene was able to recover all nodes identified A Phylogenomic Study of Birds with the concatenated data (Fig. 1). The low power of individual loci was the most pronounced in short Reveals Their Evolutionary History and slowly evolving genes, which generally did not resolve any interordinal relationships (Fig. 1). 1 2 † 1 1,3,4 Shannon J. Hackett, * Rebecca T. Kimball, * Sushma Reddy, * Rauri C. K. Bowie, Consistent with previous studies, we recov- Edward L. Braun,2 Michael J. Braun,5,6 Jena L. Chojnowski,2 W. Andrew Cox,2 2,5,6 1,7 5 8 ered genome-wide support for basal divergences Kin-Lan Han, John Harshman, Christopher J. Huddleston, Ben D. Marks, between Paleognathae and Neognathae and Kathleen J. Miglia,9 William S. Moore,9 Frederick H. Sheldon,8 David W. Steadman,10 8,11 2,5 between Galloanserae and Neoaves (Fig. 2) with Christopher C. Witt, Tamaki Yuri robust support. The topology at the base of Deep avian evolutionary relationships have been difficult to resolve as a result of a putative Neoaves, with extremely short internodes, indi- explosive radiation. Our study examined ~32 kilobases of aligned nuclear DNA sequences from 19 cated a rapid radiation (Fig. 3) that likely explains independent loci for 169 species, representing all major extant groups, and recovered a robust conflicts among previous studies. However, we phylogeny from a genome-wide signal supported by multiple analytical methods. We documented consistently found several, well-supported, deep well-supported, previously unrecognized interordinal relationships (such as a sister relationship divisions within Neoaves (highlighted in different between passerines and parrots) and corroborated previously contentious groupings (such as colors in Figs.
Check List 16 (2): 323–335

16 2 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 16 (2): 323–335 https://doi.org/10.15560/16.2.323 A camera trapping survey of mammals in the mixed landscape of Bolivia’s Chiquitano region with a special focus on the Jaguar Martin Jansen1, 2, Marc Engler3, Luka Moritz Blumer4, Damián I. Rumiz5, José Luis Aramayo2, 5, 6, Oliver Krone3 1 Senckenberg Research Institute and Nature Museum, Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 2 Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas Chiquitos, Hacienda San Sebastián, Concepción, Bolivia. 3 Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Wildlife Diseases, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany. 4 Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Biologicum, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 5 Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Av. Irala 565, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. 6 Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Facultad Cs, Farmacéutica y Bioquímicas, Campus Universitario, calle México, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Busch, Módulo 272-280, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Corresponding author: Martin Jansen, [email protected] Abstract At a site in the Bolivian Chiquitano region composed by a mosaic of pastureland and primary Chiquitano Dry Forest (CDF) we conducted a camera-trapping study to (1) survey the mammals, and (2) compare individual Jaguar numbers with other Chiquitano sites. Therefore, we installed 13 camera stations (450 ha polygon) over a period of six months. On 1,762 camera-days and in 1,654 independent capture events, we recorded 24 mammalian species that represent the native fauna of large and medium-sized mammals including apex-predators (Puma, Jaguar), meso-carnivores (Ocelot, Jaguarundi, Margay), and large herbivores (Tapir, Collared and White lipped Peccary).