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Novedades En Híbridos De Ophrys L Flora Montiberica 36: 19-26 (IX-2007). ISSN 1138-5952 NOVEDADES EN HÍBRIDOS DE OPHRYS L. (ORCHIDACEAE) PARA LA FLORA DE ALICANTE Michael R. LOWE*, Joan PIERA** & Manuel B. CRESPO*** * School House, 17. The Village, Brancepeth, Durham DH7 8DG, United Kingdom. Correo electrónico: [email protected] ** IES nº 1 “Bellaguarda”. C/. Galotxa, 1. E-03590 Altea (Alicante). Correo electrónico: [email protected] *** CIBIO, Instituto de la Biodiversidad, Universidad de Alicante. Apdo. 99. E-03080 Alicante. Correo electrónico: [email protected] RESUMEN: Se presentan datos sobre híbridos del género Ophrys L. observados en la provincia de Alicante. Se describe una nueva notospecie, O. × fraresiana (O. luper- calis × O. lutea), de la Sierra de Serrella. Además, se incluyen localidades inéditas de O. × heraultii (O. speculum × O. tenthredinifera), de O. × lucentina (O. dianica × O. lupercalis), cuya interpretación como híbrido se discute, y de O. × pseudospeculum (O. lutea × O. scolopax), un híbrido que no había sido citado en la Península Ibérica. Pa- labras clave: Ophrys, híbridos, endemismos, taxonomía, Alicante, España. ABSTRACT: Data on hybrids of genus Ophrys L. from Alicante province (E of Spain) are reported. A new nothospecies, O. × fraresiana (O. lupercalis × O. lutea), is described from Sierra de Serrella. In addition, new records for O. × heraultii (O. specu- lum × O. tenthredinifera), O. × lucentina (O. dianica × O. lupercalis) and O. × pseu- dospeculum (O. lutea × O. scolopax) in Alicante are reported. The hybrid origin of the second is discussed, and the latter is cited for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula. Key words: Ophrys, hybrids, endemics, taxonomy, Alicante, Spain. INTRODUCCIÓN nocidas, como O. × heraultii G. Keller ex W.J. Schrenk, O. × lucentina Delforge y Nuestras últimas prospecciones botá- O. × pseudospeculum DC. nicas por las comarcas del norte de Ali- En la presente nota se aportan datos cante han dado como resultado el hallazgo sobre dichos híbridos, así como informa- de diversos híbridos del género Ophrys ción sobre sus características morfológi- L., que completan los datos sobre la or- cas, ecología y estado de conservación. quidoflora de la provincia. Quizá lo más destacable sea el descu- brimiento de una notoespecie inédita, que MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS se une a la que recientemente describía- mos (LOWE & al., 2003) con el nombre Las abundancias relativas de las orquí- de O. × marinaltae (O. dianica × O. spe- deas citadas en el texto y su estado feno- culum). Asimismo, se han hallado nuevas lógico se ajustan a las categorías arbitra- poblaciones de notoespecies aún poco co- rias referidas en LOWE & al. (2001). 19 Novedades en híbridos de Ophrys para la flora de Alicante Las autorías de los táxones menciona- Planta ex Ophryde lupercale et O. lu- dos en el texto corresponden a las que re- tea genita, quoad flores cum priore sat cogen MATEO & CRESPO (2003). El congruens sed valde differt sepalis late tratamiento taxonómico y nomenclatura ovatis vel suborbicularibus; labelo latio- de las orquídeas que se citan en el texto se re, subdeltoideo, a basi sigillatim genicu- corresponde, cuando no se indica explíci- lato duabus crestis obtusis lateralibus tamente, con las que recogen PIERA & al. munito, et ad margines plano, fascia gla- (2003). bra viridi-lutea late ornato. Los aspectos bioclimáticos y biogeo- Nomen Ophrys × fraresiana terram na- gráficos se ajustan a las tipologías de RI- talem nothospeciei accedens. VAS-MARTÍNEZ & al. (2001, 2002). Los pliegos testigo están depositados en el herbario ABH (Universidad de Ali- Este notable híbrido fue observado en- cante), disponiéndose de abundante mate- tre sus progenitores y, aunque resulta si- rial fotográfico de archivo. milar a O. lupercalis, muestra algunas pe- culiaridades que lo aproximan a O. lutea y que denotan su origen hibridógeno. Así, el RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN labelo es notablemente más ancho que en la primera, casi deltoideo, con los lóbulos Ophrys × fraresiana M.R. Lowe, Piera & superiores formando un ángulo muy a- M.B. Crespo, nothosp. nov. bierto. Además, dicho labelo presenta una [O. lupercalis × O. lutea] marcada geniculación longitudinal, dos crestas obtusas laterales en su base y una Holotypus: Hs, ALICANTE, El Com- ancha banda marginal amarillenta y gla- tat: Quatretondeta hacia Benasau, Tossal bra, caracteres éstos que denotan la parti- de Lloses, 30SYH3288, 650 m alt., ubi cipación de O. lutea. inter parentes die 28-III-2002, M.R. Lowe, Tomamos como epíteto específico J. Piera, E. Camuñas & M.B. Crespo le- “Els Frares”, nombre con el que se conoce gerunt (ABH 45897). Fig. 1. localmente cierto enclave de la vertiente Paratypus: Ibidem, 20-III-2001, M.R. septentrional de La Serrella, próximo al Lowe (ABH 45118). casco urbano de Quatretondeta, en áreas Fig. 1.- Ophrys × fraresiana M.R. Lowe, Piera & M.B. Crespo: detalles del holótipo (Fotos: J. Piera). 20 Flora Montiberica 36: 19-26 (IX-2007). ISSN 1138-5952 M.R. LOWE, J. PIERA & M.B. CRESPO alcoyano-diánicas bajo bioclima mesome- sancti-leonardii O. Danesch & E. Da- diterráneo seco-subhúmedo. nesch [O. lupercalis × O. tenthredinifera], a partir de una fotografía de E. Arnold to- mada cerca del Cabo de San Antonio, en Ophrys × heraultii G. Keller ex W.J. Xàbia, y que no deja lugar a dudas de su Schrenk [O. speculum × O. tenthred- pertenencia a O. × heraultii. Justo es de- inifera] cir, asimismo, que la referencia a ese otro ALICANTE: Xaló, L’Anetillar, les Cases nototaxon, de la misma localidad había si- de Planisses, 30SYH5988, 565 m, altiplanicie do recogida anteriormente por nosotros kárstica, 17-III-2007, J. Piera & C. Piera (LOWE & al., 2001) a partir de la comu- (ABH 51177). La Nucia, km 5 de la carretera nicación personal que E. Arnold nos hizo de Altea a La Nucia, 30SYH5278, 150 m, de su hallazgo –que no pudimos contras- sobre yesos del Keuper, 17-III-2007, I. Bae- kelmans & X. Guardiola (v.v., fotografía!). tar con material de herbario ni fotográfi- Finestrat, 18-III-2007, J.C. Galey & D. Díaz co– y que, a la postre, se ha demostrado (fotografía!). Fig. 2. errónea. Aportamos tres nuevas localidades En lo que se refiere a la localidad de alicantinas de este interesante y raro l’Anetillar (cases de Planisses, Xalò), se híbrido, que hemos encontrado entre sus observaron dos ejemplares de Ophrys × progenitores, en áreas diánicas bajo bio- heraultii (abundancia: I) en plena flora- clima termomediterráneo subhúmedo, y ción (FF), ambos con cuatro flores abier- que vienen a ampliar notablemente su tas. Convivían con sus progenitores: O. distribución en la Comunidad Valenciana. speculum Link (II, FF) y O. tenthredinife- Cabe mencionar que, estando en fase ra Willd. (II, FF), en unos bancales deli- de redacción el presente artículo, PERIS mitados por lejas aplanadas y aclarados de FIGUEROLA & al. (2007) han enmenda- vegetación autóctona por su actual propie- do la evidente identificación incorrecta de tario, quien además ha recuperado el to- este híbrido, que previamente SERRA & pónimo L’Anetillar de un mapa antiguo al. (2001: 188) habían atribuido a O. del catastro de Llíber (Alicante). Fig. 2.- Ophrys × heraultii G. Keller ex W.J. Schrenk: l’Anetillar, Cases de Planisses, Xalò (Fotos: J. Piera). 21 Flora Montiberica 36: 19-26 (IX-2007). ISSN 1138-5952 Novedades en híbridos de Ophrys para la flora de Alicante La forma de las flores (Fig. 2) es algo de ellas, reiteramos la conveniencia de de- diferente a las ilustradas en diversas imá- clarar algunas microrreservas de flora (cf. genes fotográficas [http://homepage. mac. LAGUNA, 1996) en “L’Anetillar” y “Les com/antang/fotos/ORQUIDEAS/hibridos/ cases de Planisses”, que aseguren su con- 220018.jpg; http://www.guenther-blaich. servación. de/hyb.php?hy=speten1&abs=; www. ans Respecto a las restantes localidades, y wers.com; www.hardyorchidsociety.org. aunque las plantas que allí vimos ya tení- uk] para el mismo híbrido en otras locali- an las flores marchitas, el material foto- dades ibéricas y europeas, que contem- gráfico cedido por diversos amigos y co- plan diversos estados de cercanía, en ma- laboradores no difiere significativamente yor o menor grado, hacia uno u otro pro- del descrito, y permite atribuirlo sin duda genitor. En nuestro caso, las flores tenían alguna a O. heraultii. rasgos muy evidentes de Ophrys specu- lum –el color metálico de la mácula, dos falsos ocelos rojizos en el campo basal y Ophrys × lucentina Delforge los lóbulos laterales conspicuos– y de [O. dianica × O. lupercalis] Ophrys tenthredinifera –la forma general ALICANTE, Marina Alta: Benissa, del labelo, color de los pétalos y sépalos, 31SBC4389, 130 m, 30-III-2002, J. Piera y el color del indumento. (ABH 45894). La Nucia, 30SYH5178, 150 m, Centrándonos en los detalles, el labelo 18-III-2001, J. Piera & M.R. Lowe (ABH era más ancho que largo, alcanzando c. 45117). La Nucia, Racó de Palafox, 30SYH5177, 190 m, 28-III-2002, M.R. Lowe, 12,4 × 15,6 mm en el lóbulo central y c. J. Piera, E. Camuñas & M.B. Crespo (ABH 15,3 × 15,6 mm desde los extremos de los 45900). Fig. 4. lóbulos laterales. Los sépalos, de color vi- no, medían c. 10,6 × 6,2 mm; los pétalos Este híbrido resulta poco frecuente en tenían el mismo color (aunque más inten- las comarcas del norte de Alicante y sur so), cordiformes y pilosos, c. 3,4 × 4,1 de Valencia, normalmente junto a sus pro- mm en su base. El apéndice del lóbulo genitores, y en áreas setabenses bajo bio- central era pequeño y triangular, muy di- climas termo-mesomediterráneo seco-sub- ferente al robusto apéndice de O. tenthre- húmedo. dinifera. Los polinios estaban intactos. Como indicaron LOWE & al. (2001) y Esta localidad se sitúa muy próxima a han recogido otros autores (cf. SERRA & la indicada por PONT FONT & al. (2006) al., 2001; PIERA & al., 2003; GALÁN para Orchis champagneuxii Barnéoud y CELA & GAMARRA, 2003; ALDASO- Orhis conica Willd., con las que conviven RO & SÁEZ, 2005), el concepto original otras diez especies de orquídeas, a las que de O.
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