DOCSLIB.ORG

WL | Delft Hydraulics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WL | Delft Hydraulics Prepared for: WL | Delft Hydraulics Development of Delft3D-ECO Calibration for a tropical stratified reservoir Research Report December 2007 Z4524 WL | delft hydraulics Prepared for: WL | Delft Hydraulics Development of Delft3D-ECO Calibration for a tropical stratified reservoir Johannes Smits (WL | Delft Hydraulics) Research Report December 2007 Development of Delft3D-ECO Z4524 December 2007 Calibration for a tropical stratified reservoir Contents 1 Introduction..........................................................................................................1 1.1 Background................................................................................................1 1.2 Objectives..................................................................................................1 1.3 Project organisation....................................................................................2 1.4 About this report ........................................................................................2 2 Description of ECO ..............................................................................................3 2.1 The structure..............................................................................................3 2.2 Processes and formulations ........................................................................4 2.2.1 The phytoplankton module BLOOM..............................................4 2.2.2 The water and sediment quality module .........................................8 2.3 Process coefficients..................................................................................15 3 The Upper Peirce Reservoir ...............................................................................17 3.1 Reservoir and catchment ..........................................................................17 3.2 Observed water quality.............................................................................18 4 Methodology .......................................................................................................25 4.1 Starting points..........................................................................................25 4.2 The calibration.........................................................................................26 5 The Upper Peirce Reservoir water quality model..............................................29 5.1 Model input .............................................................................................29 5.1.1 Computational grid and bathymetry .............................................29 5.1.2 Flow fields, dispersion, inflows and outflows...............................30 5.1.3 Loads ..........................................................................................32 5.1.4 Initial conditions..........................................................................34 5.1.5 Meteorological forcing ................................................................36 5.2 Simulated and observed concentrations ....................................................37 5.2.1 The water column........................................................................38 5.2.2 The sediment ...............................................................................50 5.3 Nutrient mass balances.............................................................................56 6 Conclusions and discussion ................................................................................59 7 References...........................................................................................................63 WL | Delft Hydraulics i December 2007 Z4524 Development of Delft3D-ECO Calibration for a tropical stratified reservoir Appendices A Input parameters for water and sediment quality processes ............................ 65 B Input parameters for phytoplankton................................................................. 69 ii WL | Delft Hydraulics Development of Delft3D-ECO Z4524 December 2007 Calibration for a tropical stratified reservoir 1 Introduction 1.1 Background Delft3D-ECO is a specific configuration of substances and processes selected from the process library of the DELWAQ water quality modelling framework for eutrophication studies. In 2000 Delft Hydraulics started a R&D programme for the improvement of sediment-water interaction modelling and process formulation in ECO. The programme resulted in a far reaching redesign of key processes that allows for the explicit simulation of the composition of both water compartments and sediment layers. The number and thickness of the sediment layers can be determined by the user. The new model structure, indicated as DELWAQ-G, operates on the basis of a more generic set of process formulations. For each water compartment or sediment layer the local transient conditions determine if a process actually proceeds, and which kinetics and coefficients are applying. The dissolved oxygen concentration is an important ruling condition. Whereas mass transport in the water column is calculated in the core algorithm of DELWAQ, vertical mass transport in water and sediment is taken care of a dedicated set of process routines that are part of the process library. To allow more comprehensive sediment-water interaction modeling DELWAQ has been extended with a new microphytobenthos submodel, with a sediment consolidation and erosion submodel, and with processes for sulphate, dissolved and particulate sulphide and methane (Delft Hydraulics, 2004a and 2003a/b). A link has been established between microphytobenthos biomass, benthic grazing and sediment stability. DELWAQ-G was first implemented and calibrated on the basis of a research application for the Wadden Sea (Delft Hydraulics, 2006a). This application concerns the Generic Estuarine Ecological Model (GEM), the development of which started in 1995 on the initiative of Rijkswaterstaat RIKZ (Delft Hydraulics, 1997a). Since then GEM (e.g. ECO) has gradually been improved and extended to become a rather comprehensive modelling framework for eutrophication and primary production in estuaries and coastal waters (Delft Hydraulics, 2002 and 2003b). It has been used for various investigations concerning the eutrophication of the Dutch North Sea, the Wadden Sea and Lake Veere in the Scheldt Delta. 1.2 Objectives Delft3D-ECO as based on DELWAQ-G has been calibrated for a marine/estuarine system. The objectives of the present research are: x to calibrate ECO for a tropical fresh water system; x to obtain a more generic set of process coefficients for the water quality processes included in the model; x to evaluate the performance of ECO as based on DELWAQ-G; x to formulate recommendations for further development; and x to enhance insight in the development of water quality in tropical reservoirs. WL | Delft Hydraulics 1 December 2007 Z4524 Development of Delft3D-ECO Calibration for a tropical stratified reservoir In view of an ongoing consultancy project an appropriate case has been found in the Upper Peirce Reservoir (UPR), a tropical stratified reservoir located in Singapore. Hydrodynamic input, meteorological forcing and loads of relevant substances are available from the ongoing “Marina Reservoir” project (Delft Hydraulics, 2006a and 2007). 1.3 Project organisation The calibration of ECO for UPR has been performed by the following team. Jan van Beek compiled model input, carried out and processed the simulations, and improved the software code in co-operation with Johannes Smits. Hans Los provided input coefficients for phytoplankton, and advised with regard to the calibration of those parameters. Johannes Smits determined the input coefficients of water and sediment quality processes, performed the calibration and co-ordinated the project. 1.4 About this report ECO is briefly described in Chapter 2. Extensive descriptions of the process formulations are available in other reports. The process coefficients resulting from the calibration are included in the tables of Appendices A and B. Chapter 3 contains a concise description of Upper Peirce Reservoir and the available water quality data. Chapter 4 describes the starting points and the approach of the calibration of ECO for UPR. The results are presented in Chapter 5 with regard to predicted concentrations and the mass balances of the main nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus. Chapter 6 discusses the conclusions, and provides recommendations for the further development of ECO. References are listed in Chapter 7. 2 WL | Delft Hydraulics Development of Delft3D-ECO Z4524 December 2007 Calibration for a tropical stratified reservoir 2 Description of ECO 2.1 The structure ECO is basically a eutrophication model. ECO simulates the concentrations of nutrients (N,P,Si), organic matter, dissolved oxygen, and a number of “auxiliary” substances, as well as the growth and species composition of phytoplankton in surface water. Figure 2.1 provides a schematic overview of the ecosystem components and interactions as described in the most comprehensive form of ECO. The arrows indicate conversion processes. Algae, being primary producers, take up nutrients from water to produce cell material, including ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and (in case of diatoms) silicate. The photosysthesis by algae, which requires light, leads to the production of oxygen (DO). Carbon dioxide which is also consumed and produced is not included in ECO, since this nutrient is hardly ever limiting algae growth. Figure 2.1: Schematic overview of the ecosystem components and interactions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biodiversity at Serangoon Reservoir
    Singapore’s 17 reservoirs are teeming with life, each one FOOD WEB OF Apex Primary Biodiversity at a unique underwater world boasting a rich biodiversity of sh, SERANGOON RESERVOIR predators consumers aquatic plants and other species. Cheryl Tan takes a deep Secondary Primary consumers producers Serangoon Reservoir dive into Serangoon Reservoir and reveals what it has to offer. WHAT IS FOUND IN SERANGOON RESERVOIR? Sarimbun Kranji Lower Seletar Punggol Pulau Tekong Total estimated sh Dominant Reservoir Reservoir Reservoir Reservoir Reservoir population size sh species Orinoco Common peacock bass PISCIVOROUS FISH snakehead Upper Serangoon 77,369 Green chromide Seletar Reservoir Total number of species of... Murai Reservoir Reservoir Native sh 6 Non-native sh 15 Upper Peirce Reservoir Poyan Lower Peirce Reservoir Reservoir Green Tengeh Jurong Lake MacRitchie Bedok Midas cichlid chromide Reservoir Reservoir Reservoir Pandan Reservoir Age of reservoir Type of reservoir Marina Unprotected/Coastal 10 years Reservoir Mozambique Zebra Javanese ricefish tilapia tilapia SURVEY TECHNIQUES Golden tank goby Boat electroshing Quetzal Mayan Used for catching shes cichlid to depths and distances Barcheek goby cichlid of up to 3m from the boat. This technique entails • Marbled gudgeon “Soon hock” Eartheater Giant placing electrodes in the cichlid gourami water that discharge pulses INVERTIVOROUS of electrical currents, which FISH OMNIVOROUS FISH rst attract and then stun the sh as they swim closer to the boat. • This helps to capture a wide range of species Vermiculated sailfish catfish across all sizes that are HERBIVOROUS otherwise FISH difcult to catch using conventional Prawns methods. Electrodes deliver current to the water Dragonfly and Gastropods Gill netting Fish tagging damselfly nymphs Used for catching pelagic shes in • The sh that are captured are individually tagged PREDATORY deeper and more open waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Picture Placeholder Annual Report 2012/2013 Facts and Figures 47
    FACTS AND FIGURES FY 2012 2% 11% DEGREE & ABOVE 464 10% DIPLOMa 182 STAFF STRENGTH ‘A’ LEVEL 49 5% 897 Sec & ‘O’ LEVEL 88 ITE / CERT 103 PRI & BELOW 11 20% 52% GRAND TOTAL 897 Toa Payoh Town Park PICTURE PLACEHOLDER Annual Report 2012/2013 Facts and Figures 47 National Day Awards Loh Chee Wai Felix, Senior Director Public Administration Medal (Silver) Corporate Development, MND (on secondment to MND) Ms Ong Chui Leng, Deputy Director Public Administration Medal (Bronze) Programming, Gardens by the Bay (on secondment to Gardens by the Bay) Ng Boon Gee, Assistant Director Public Administration Medal (Bronze) Gardens Operations, Gardens by the Bay (on secondment to Gardens by the Bay) Ms Yap Lay Hwa, Section Head Commendation Medal Parks & Trees Regulatory, Policy & Planning Ms Kok Lin Yip, Personal Assistant Efficiency Medal Policy & Planning Ms Ong Mui Kim, Executive Efficiency Medal Office Administration, Corporate Development Awards and Accolades Excellent Service Award 2012 3 Star, 6 Gold, 6 Silver PS21 Star Service Award 2012 2 PS21 Excel Convention 2012 Best PS21 Project (Nominee) MND Minister’s Award (Team) 2012 2 ISO 9001:2008 ISO 14001:2004 Community Chest Awards 2012 SHARE Gold Award 2012 10-Year Outstanding SHARE Award 2012 The Home Team National Service Awards Meritorious Home Team Partner Award 2012 for Employers FACTS AND FIGURES FY 2012 Regional Parks Managed by NParks Area (ha) Area (ha) Admiralty Park 25.67 Lower Seletar Reservoir Park 3.30 Ang Mo Kio Town Garden East 4.94 MacRitchie Reservoir Park 12.00 Ang Mo Kio Town
    [Show full text]
  • Do Not Release Animals Into the Wild ‘Operation No Release’ Initiative to Raise Public Awareness
    MEDIA RELEASE For immediate release Do not release animals into the wild ‘Operation No Release’ initiative to raise public awareness Singapore, 2 May 2017 – The National Parks Board (NParks) and PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency, will be carrying out ‘Operation No Release’ on 6-7 May and 13-14 May (see Annex for full list of locations). This is an initiative that aims to raise public awareness on the harmful impact of releasing animals into parks (including ponds), nature areas, reservoirs and waterways. The agencies, with the help of volunteers, will be keeping a lookout for any sign of animal release, and will educate and advise members of the public about the dangers of releasing animals into the wild. 2 "Releasing animals that have been bred and kept in captivity harms them and our ecosystem,” says Mr Wong Tuan Wah, Group Director of Conservation, NParks. “These animals will find it difficult to fend for themselves in the wild and are unlikely to survive, as they seldom have the skills required to survive in their new, unfamiliar surroundings. The few that are able to adapt to the new environment may disrupt the ecological balance of our natural habitats by competing with our native species for resources. This is particularly so for our nature reserves, which have more sensitive ecosystems, and animals released into waterways outside of the nature reserves would still have adverse effects if those waterways lead into the nature reserves.” 3 Mr Ridzuan Ismail, PUB’s Director of Catchment and Waterways, added, “Aquatic ecosystems are complex and dynamic as the organisms living in them are often interdependent.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Not Release Animals Into the Wild Outreach Efforts Extended to More Parks, Nature Areas, Reservoirs and Waterways
    Do not release animals into the wild Outreach efforts extended to more parks, nature areas, reservoirs and waterways Singapore, 13 May 2015 – The National Parks Board (NParks), PUB, the national water agency and Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA) will be stepping up education and enforcement efforts at nineteen selected parks, nature areas, reservoirs and waterways from 16 to 31 May 2015, as part of ‘Operation No Release’. ‘Operation No Release’ is an annual campaign that aims to spread public awareness on the dangers related to the release of animals into parks (including ponds), nature areas, reservoirs and waterways. Besides the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, NParks and PUB will also extend their outreach to more parks and reservoirs at Lower Seletar, Bedok, Punggol, Serangoon and Marina (see Annex for full list). Volunteers and community groups such as Waterways Watch Society, Punggol South River Watch Group and Toddycats! will join NParks and PUB officers in the outreach efforts this year. Besides keeping a lookout for any sign of animal release at parks, nature reserves, reservoirs and waterways, they will also educate and advise members of the public on the harm of releasing animals into the wild. "Many of the released animals are unlikely to survive, and most often, face a slow and painful death, as they are unable to cope with their new surroundings,” says Mr Wong Tuan Wah, Director of Conservation, NParks. “Those that are bred or captured deliberately to be sold for ‘release’ usually become so stressed during their captivity that they are too weak to survive in the wild when released eventually.” Household pets, too, often may not survive after release, as they do not have the natural instincts and ability to forage for food or fend for themselves in the wild.
    [Show full text]
  • Reservoirs, Catchment Areas and Waterway) Regulations 2006
    1 S 401/2006 First published in the Government Gazette, Electronic Edition, on 30th June 2006 at 5:00 pm. No. S 401 PUBLIC UTILITIES ACT (CHAPTER 261) PUBLIC UTILITIES (RESERVOIRS, CATCHMENT AREAS AND WATERWAY) REGULATIONS 2006 ARRANGEMENT OF REGULATIONS PART I PRELIMINARY Regulation 1. Citation and commencement 2. Definitions PART II ACTIVITIES IN CATCHMENT AREA PARK, CENTRAL WATER CATCHMENT AREA AND WATERWAY 3. Board to decide on opening and closing hours 4. Vehicle in Catchment Area Park 5. Vehicle in Central Water Catchment Area 6. Prohibited activities in Catchment Area Park 6A. Prohibited activities in waterway 7. Activities in Central Water Catchment Area and Catchment Area Park requiring prior approval 7A. Activities in waterway requiring prior approval 8. Discretion to authorise prohibited activity 9. Discretion to prohibit animals from entering Catchment Area Park 10. Prohibition of animals in Central Water Catchment Area 11. Camp or caravan in Central Water Catchment Area or Catchment Area Park 12. Offenders may be ordered out of Central Water Catchment Area or Catchment Area Park 13. Seizure of animals, vehicles, etc. 14. Exclusion Informal Consolidation – version in force from 1/4/2018 S 401/2006 2 PART III VESSEL ACTIVITIES IN RESERVOIRS Regulation 15. Permit required for vessel in reservoir 16. Requirements for grant of vessel permit for watercraft 17. Conditions of vessel permit 18. No person shall drive watercraft without valid licence 19. Vessel to be properly secured 20. Overloading 21. Reporting of accidents 22. Removal of vessels and wrecks 23. Prohibited activities on vessels 24. Organised activities in reservoir PART IV NAVIGATION RULES 25.
    [Show full text]
  • Singapore Raptor Report – Mar 2021
    Singapore Raptor Report – Mar 2021 Singapore Raptor Report March 2021 Jerdon’s Baza, living up to its alternate name Lizard Hawk, feeding on a Changeable Lizard, Coney Island, 19 Mar 2021, by Kelvin Ng Cheng Kwan Summary for migrant species: In March 2021, 210 raptors of eleven migrant species were recorded. A Black Kite fitted with a transmitter was recorded at Dairy Farm Nature Park on the 1st, and Singapore Quarry on the 2nd. The only Eastern Marsh Harrier was recorded on a northeastern island on the 5th, and a Rufous-bellied Eagle at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve on the 6th. Amazingly, seven Grey-faced Buzzards were reported, one at Kent Ridge Park on the 14th, three on the 15th, two on the 16th, and another at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve on the 16th, Page 1 of 14 Singapore Raptor Report – Mar 2021 all seemingly on passage. Five Jerdon’s Bazas were recorded, one at Changi Business Park on the 8th and up to four at Coney Island from 17th to 19th. Five Chinese Sparrowhawks were recorded, singles at Ubin on the 6th, Kent Ridge Park on the 17th, Coney Island on the 17th (female) & 18th (male), and Lorong Halus on the 19th. There were also five Western Ospreys at various locations, including Upper Peirce Reservoir Park, and nine Peregrine Falcons. In addition, there were 31 Black Bazas, 43 Japanese Sparrowhawks, and 102 Oriental Honey Buzzards. A pair of Crested Serpent Eagles mating, the 1st mating record for Singapore, Goldhill Avenue, 7 Mar 2021, Julian Wong Highlights for sedentary species: At Goldhill Avenue on the 7th, Julian Wong recorded a video of a pair of Crested Serpent Eagles mating – probably the first record of this species mating in Singapore! Breeding- related activities were also noted for four other diurnal resident raptors.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resources Management and Governance As Part of an Overall Framework for Growth and Development
    International Journal of Water Governance 1 (2013) 285–306 285 DOI: 10.7564/13-IJWG16 Water Resources Management and Governance as Part of an Overall Framework for Growth and Development Cecilia Tortajadaa,* and Yugal K. Joshib aPresident, Third World Centre for Water Management and former Visiting Professor, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore. Avenida Manantial Oriente 27, Los Clubes, Atizapán, Estado de México, 52958, Mexico. E-mail: [email protected] bFormer Research Associate, Institute of Water Policy, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Singapore. At present, Senior Divisional Commissioner (RPF), Northern Railway, Delhi Division, Office of Sr DSC/RPF/Delhi (West), Panchkuiyan Road, New Delhi-1, India. E-mail: [email protected] Singapore has recognized the importance of universal principles and paradigms in the man- agement of water resources whilst also acknowledging that they do not automatically lead to improvement unless there is a strong emphasis on policy and programme implementation. As a result, the city-state has developed a comprehensive, holistic vision for the overall manage- ment of its water resources, making them essential elements for overall development, economic growth and national security. This paper discusses the city-state’s long-term, comprehensive wa- ter resources strategies including their policy-making, planning, management, governance and development. It also argues that Singapore is one of the very few countries, if not the only one, that has developed its water policies as part of the overall development goals of the city-state. Keywords: Singapore, water resources, governance, management, development. 1. Introduction Water is, and has always been, a multi-dimensional resource that crosses all other social and economic sectors, with its management, policy making, development and gov- ernance, increasingly depending on policies on the other sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Singapore Water
    BIBLIOASIA APR – JUN 2018 Vol. 14 / Issue 01 / Feature Despite being rudimentary, the reservoir in 1877, exactly 20 years after Tan Kim Municipal Engineer James MacRitchie had an aqueduct that carried water to a Seng’s philanthropic gesture. Located off decided that the best course of action plaster-lined tank sited at the edge of the Thomson Road, the reservoir comprised a was to enlarge the Impounding Reservoir. Singapore River.4 The tank had a spout so catchment area of about 1,890 acres and Carried out between 1891 and 1894 and that skiffs (small boats) dispatched by the a conduit made of masonry that could at a cost of 32,000 Straits dollars, the larger ships anchored in the harbour could transport water to within 200 feet of the expansion works increased the capacity pull up beneath the spout to collect water.5 Singapore River.10 of the reservoir.12 The reservoir remained as the Managed by the Municipal Council, the However, the enlarged reservoir could island’s main water supply until the 1830s reservoir used gravity rather than pumps barely meet with the increased demand when demand exceeded its capacity. It to distribute the water. As a result, the during prolonged periods of dry weather. To was subsequently replaced by a system municipality had to construct a number relieve the pressure, the municipality had to of wells that were dug around the hill. of service reservoirs on high ground such curtail water supply to as few as two hours As demand for water continued to as hilltops. Water from the Impounding per day.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts and Figures FY 2010
    Facts and Figures FY 2010 Staff Strength 897 As at 31 March 2010 Degree & above 442 Diploma 170 ‘A’ Level 48 Secondary & ‘O’ Level 92 ITE/Certificate 111 Primary & below 34 Total 897 Tampines Eco Green 46 Awards and Accolades Asia Human Capital Summit 2011 Special Commendation Excellent Service Award 2010 9 Star, 2 Gold, 11 Silver ISO 9001:2008 ISO 14001:2004 PS21 Excel Convention 2010 “Best Ideator” Bronze PS21 Star Service Award 2010 1 NTUC May Day CBF 1 Institutional Category, Model Partnership Awards 1 Individual Category SHARE Awards 2010 Gold Singapore HEALTH Award Platinum Award, Fitness Sub-Category Award National Day Awards 2010 Dr Wong Wei Har Public Administration Medal (Silver) Director Singapore Botanic Gardens Ms Sharon Chan Public Administration Medal (Bronze) Assistant Director Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve Branch Tee Swee Ping Public Administration Medal (Bronze) Assistant Director Streetscape West Branch Lam Yan Hoe Commendation Medal Section Head Coastal Parks Branch Ms Tan Siew Tin Commendation Medal Assistant Director Facilities Management Branch Ms Loh Chay Hwee Efficiency Medal Section Head Urban Gardening Branch Omar bin M P Shamsudeen Efficiency Medal Manager Development Management 1 Branch Ms Ruyati binte So’ad Long Service Medal Support Officer Prosecution & Enforcement Branch Ms Zulfa binte Samari Long Service Medal Record Keeper Physical Planning Branch 47 Facts and Figures FY 2010 Regional Parks Managed by NParks Area (ha) Admiralty Park 25.67 Lower Peirce Reservoir 6.00 Ang Mo Kio Town Garden East 4.88 Lower
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impact Assessment on Central Catchment Nature Reserve for the Proposed Cross Island Line
    Environmental Impact Assessment on Central Catchment Nature Reserve for the Proposed Cross Island Line FINAL CONSTRUCTION & OPERATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT – VOLUME II 2 September 2019 The world’s leading sustainability consultancy Environmental Resources Environmental Impact Assessment on Management (S) Pte Ltd Central Catchment Nature Reserve for 120 Robinson Road #10-01, Singapore 068913 the Proposed Cross Island Line Telephone (65) 6324 9636 Facsimile (65) 6226 1636 Final Construction & Operation EIA – Volume II Email [email protected] Website: www.erm.com Client Project No Land Transport Authority Singapore 0256660 Project Summary Date 2 September 2019 The Land Transport Authority commissioned ERM to undertake environmental Approved by impact assessment studies relating to the construction and operation of the Cross Island Line (CRL) at or in close proximity to the Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR), in Singapore. The phased studies are: - Phase 1a: Environmental Baseline - Phase 1b: EIA of the Soil Investigation (SI) Works - Phase 2: EIA of the construction and operation of the CRL for the two route options. Alastair Scott Senior Partner, on behalf of ERM (S) This document presents Volume II of the Construction & Operation (C&O) EIA Pte Ltd (Phase 2) for the Project. JS / EY / OSY / WG / BB / TF / AS 02.09.19 008 Final C&O Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Vol II MO IC / RRD JS / EY / OSY / WG / BB / TF / AS 22.08.19 007 Pre-Final C&O Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Vol II MO IC / RRD JS / EY /
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Forest Protected Areas to Drinking Water
    THE ARGUMENTS FOR PROTECTION SERIES The importance of forest protected areas to drinking water RunningPure A research report by the World Bank / WWF Alliance for Forest Conservation and Sustainable Use Running Pure Running Pure: The importance of forest protected areas to drinking water A research report for the World Bank / WWF Alliance for Forest Conservation and Sustainable Use Written and edited by Nigel Dudley and Sue Stolton With major research and contributions by Rachel Asante Owusu, Ahmet Birsel, David Cassells, José Courrau, Lawrence Hamilton, Sedat Kalem, Wang Luan Keng, Leonardo Lacerda, Yıldıray Lise, Stefano Pagiola, Sara Scherr and Claudio Sericchio Published August 2003 ISBN 2-88085-262-5 © World Bank/WWF Alliance for Forest Conservation and Sustainable Use Cover design HMD, UK 1 Running Pure Preface Three years ago, WWF and IUCN's World Commission on Protected Areas organised a conference on management effectiveness of protected areas in Bangkok. One of its major conclusions was that, if protected areas are to be maintained in the long term, their essential roles and broader services, beyond biodiversity conservation, need to be emphasised. Many governments are finding it increasingly difficult to justify the maintenance of protected areas, if the wider benefits for local communities and the society at large cannot be demonstrated. This report represents an early attempt to develop wider arguments for protection, focusing on one narrow but important issue − the potential role of protected areas in helping to maintain water supply to major cities. It is a good time to look at the links between water and protected areas. The United Nations has proclaimed 2003 as the International Year of Freshwater, to help promote new and existing water resource initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • The-Essence-Brochure.Pdf
    General The Essence is an 84-unit condominium complex that sits along Chong Kuo Road, part of the Singapore About government’s designated rejuvenation region. Nestled in a private residential enclave, it enjoys a low The Essence density environment that assures a peaceful lifestyle. Specially conceptualised for life’s every rhythm, Life in The Essence exists together with the dweller in perfect harmony. Every leaf, every stone, every ray of sunshine is Rhythm perfectly designed for optimum wellbeing. KHATIB MRT Sembawang Yishun ActiveSGKHATIB MRT SembawangCountry Club Yishun ActiveSGStadium Country Club Stadium AREA ZONE AREA ZONE Mandai Ave Mandai Ave Water Bodies Nature BKE Water Bodies Nature BKE Yishun Ave 1 Yishun Ave 1 ORTO ORTO Land Land RoadsRoads Lower Seletar Lower Seletar Reservoir Park Reservoir Park MRT MRT Mandai Rd Mandai Rd Springleaf MRT 7 Springleaf MRTKhatib MRT 7 12 Khatib MRT 12 Sembawang Rd Orchid Sembawang Rd Country Club Orchid Country ACCESSIBILITY Club ACCESSIBILITY SLE CTE 3 SLE SLE 5 CTE 3 Lower BKE 6 Seletar SLE 5 Woodlands Checkpoint 12 Reservoir Lower BKE 6 Seletar Woodlands Checkpoint 12 Mandai Lentor Ave Integrated Reservoir Resort NATURE Mandai Lentor Ave Integrated Springside Estate Resort NATURE Springleaf Nature Park 4 Lower Seletar Reservoir Park 5 Springside Estate Upper Seletar Reservoir Park 2 Springleaf NatureLower Peirce Park Reservoir Park 4 9 Seletar Chong Kuo Rd Lower SeletarSembawang Reservoir Park Park Connector 5 12 Reservoir Upper SeletarUpper Reservoir Peirce Reservoir Park Park 2 13 Lower
    [Show full text]