COMMON FEELINGS WHEN EXPERIENCING INTIMATE to Be with You Day and Night
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What's the Difference Between Harassment and / Or Stalking?
What’s the difference between Harassment and / or stalking? - The key is to think OBSESSION. Why is it difficult to separate stalking and harassment? • There are similarities in what constitutes harassment and what is stalking. • They are often discussed together and don’t separate. • There is an overlap, and some people may be a victim of both. • A lot of the abuse techniques are the same, but become stalking when used more aggressively, more threateningly and more obsessively. • There is overlap two legal definitions overlap. Definitions Stalking – Stalking is harassment that involves a course of conduct that amounts to stalking, either involving the fear of violence or involving serious alarm or distress. The protection of Freedoms Act 2012 and in the Protection from harassment Act (1997). Stalking victims may like they have their freedom curtailed and feel constantly like they need to be careful. It causes extreme alarm and distress and it is repeated abuse. Harassment - Protection from Harassment Act (1997 section 2) explains that harassment causes harm or distress, putting people in fear in any reasonable person and of fear of violence, repeated attempts of imposed communications. The key differences? Think stalking if the abuse has become an ‘obsession’, if it indicates fixation, is excessively repeated and aggressive in its nature. Data • SafeLives observed that 57% of all high risk cases of domestic abuse had stalking and harassment. Of which, over half said this was at a severe level. Only 14% said that there was no violence. • A Suzy Lampard report suggested 25% of all cases of stalking are reported to the police. -
Technology, Intimate Partner Stalking and Advocacy
A High-Tech Twist on Abuse: Technology, Intimate Partner Stalking, and Advocacy By Cindy Southworth, Shawndell Dawson, Cynthia Fraser, and Sarah Tucker Safety Net: National Safe & Strategic Technology Project at the National Network to End Domestic Violence Fund authors commissioned by Copyright © 2005 Violence Against Women Online Resources June, 2005 A High-Tech Twist on Abuse: Technology, Intimate Partner Stalking, and Advocacy Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2 Research and Scope ....................................................................................................................... 3 The Use of Technology to Stalk ..................................................................................................... 5 Telephone Technologies ........................................................................................................ 5 Location &Surveillance Technologies ................................................................................... 6 Computer &Internet Technology ........................................................................................... 7 Advocacy Response: What Can Advocates Do? ............................................................................ 8 Survivor Advocacy ................................................................................................................ -
Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center 9-2020 Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management Zoe Turner The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/4048 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] STALKING AND ATTACHMENT THEORY: CAUSES AND MANAGEMENT by ZOE TURNER A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2020 i © 2020 ZOE TURNER All Rights Reserved ii Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management by Zoe Turner This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________ ____________________________________ Date Phil Yanos, Ph.D. Chair of Examining Committee _______________ ____________________________________ Date Richard Bodner, Ph.D. Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Elizabeth Jeglic, Ph.D. Louis Schlesinger, Ph.D. Philip Erdberg, Ph.D. Ali Khadivi, Ph.D. THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Stalking and Attachment Theory: Causes and Management by Zoe Turner Advisor: Phil Yanos, Ph.D. Stalking is an issue that has drawn increasing attention over the past four decades. Approximately 6 million Americans report being the victims of stalking each year. The psychological and physical effects of stalking can be severe, ranging from anxiety and depression to physical harm and even death. -
Stalking Any Individual During the Aggravated Stalking Penalties [MCL 750.411I] • Entering Onto Or Remaining on Property Owned, Leased, Term of Probation
• Appearing at the victim’s workplace or residence. • Refrain from stalking any individual during the Aggravated stalking penalties [MCL 750.411i] • Entering onto or remaining on property owned, leased, term of probation. Aggravated stalking is a felony punishable for not or occupied by the victim. • Refrain from having any contact with the victim more than 5 years or a fine of not more than A Citizen’s Guide • Contacting the victim by telephone. of the offense. $10,000, or both. • Sending mail or electronic communications (such as • Be evaluated to determine the need for psychiatric, to Michigan’s email or text messaging) to the victim. psychological, or social counseling and if, If the victim was less than 18 years of age at any • Placing an object on, or delivering an object to, determined appropriate by the court, to receive time during the individual’s course of conduct and the Anti-Stalking Laws property owned, leased, or occupied by the victim. psychiatric, psychological, or social counseling individual is 5 or more years older than the victim, by at his or her own expense. imprisonment for not more than 10 years or a fine of Do not minimize the danger of being stalked. Stalkers not more than $15,000, or both. don’t just stop this harassing behavior. Victims should In a prosecution for a violation of this section, evidence seek assistance from advocates, law enforcement and that the defendant continued to engage in a course The court may place an individual convicted of violating the courts to intervene to stop the stalking. -
Generational Cycles of Intimate Partner Violence in the US
October 2013 Fischbach, R. L., & Herbert, B. (1997). Domestic violence and mental Menard, S. (2012). Age, criminal victimization, and offending: Changing health: Correlates and conundrums within and across cultures. So- relationships from adolescence to middle adulthood. Victims and cial Science and Medicine, 45(8), 1161–1176. Offenders, 7, 227–214. Crime Victims’ Institute Giordano, P. C. (2010). Legacies of crime: A follow-up of the children of Menard, S., Morris, R. G., Gerber, J., & Covey, H. C. (2011). Distribution and highly delinquent girls and boys. Cambridge University Press. correlates of self-reported crimes of trust. Deviant Behavior, 32, 877 College of Criminal Justice ● Sam Houston State University –917. Hines, D. A., & Saudino, K. J. (2004). Genetic and environmental influences on intimate partner aggression: A preliminary study. Violence and Straus, M. A. (1979). Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: The Victims,19 (6), 701-718. Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales. Journal of Marriage and Family, 41 (1), 71-88. Ireland, T. O., & Smith, C. A. (2009). Living in partner-violent families: Developmental links to antisocial behavior and relationship vio- Thornberry, T. P., Knight, K. E., & Lovegrove, P. J. (2012). Does maltreat- lence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 323-339. ment beget maltreatment? A systematic review of the intergenera- Generational Cycles of Intimate Partner tional literature. Trauma, Violence, Abuse, 13(3), 131–112. McNeal, C., & Amato, P. R. (1998). Parents’ marital violence: Long-term consequences for children. Journal of Family Issues, 19(6), 167-139. Violence in the US: A Research Brief Resources on Intimate Partner Violence Kelly E. Knight, Ph.D. Scott Menard, Ph.D. -
Battered Woman Syndrome
Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons Faculty Publications 1993 Battered Woman Syndrome Paul C. Giannelli Case Western University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Criminal Law Commons Repository Citation Giannelli, Paul C., "Battered Woman Syndrome" (1993). Faculty Publications. 312. https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/faculty_publications/312 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. KFO 578 I .All5 P82 q, c.l If(~), Vol. 16, No. 1 Winter 1993 BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME Paul C. Giannelli Albert J. Weatherhead Ill & Richard IN. Weatherhead Professor of Law, Case Western ReseNe University The battered woman syndrome (BWS) describes a phase, in which most injuries occur, the battering is out of pattern of violence inflicted on a woman by her mate. In control. Psychological abuse in the form of threats of 1979, Dr. Lenore Walker, one of the principal researchers future harm is also prevalent. in this field, published her seminal text, The Battered The third phase is a calm, loving period during which Woman. She described a battered woman as follows: the batterer is contrite, seeks forgiveness, and promises A battered woman is a woman who is repeatedly to refrain from future violence. This phase provides a subjected to any forceful physical or psychological positive reinforcement for the woman to continue the 1,, behavior by a man in order to coerce her to do some relationship in the hope that the violent behavior will not thing he wants her to do without any concern for her recur. -
Battered Woman Syndrome: Institutionalization of Negative Stereotypes About Women
UCLA UCLA Women's Law Journal Title Current Use of Battered Woman Syndrome: Institutionalization of Negative Stereotypes about Women Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73t5x0m5 Journal UCLA Women's Law Journal, 8(1) Author Cornia, Rebecca D. Publication Date 1997 DOI 10.5070/L381017687 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ESSAY CURRENT USE OF BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME: INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF NEGATIVE STEREOTYPES ABOUT WOMEN Rebecca D. Cornia* ABSTRACT In this Essay, Rebecca Cornia examines how courts currently use Battered Woman Syndrome ("BWS") to explain why soci- ety should excuse women who behave irrationally. Cornia compares BWS to the Marital Coercion Doctrine, a Nine- teenth Century defense that excused women who committed crimes at the direction of their husbands. Cornia traces courts' use of BWS to excuse the criminal acts of women acting under duress from their batterers and to impeach women testifying on behalf of their abusers in domestic violence cases. Cornia analyzes the current use of BWS, which she asserts stereotypes women as irrational, leading to their detriment in other legal proceedings including: child custody battles, child abuse cases, and bar disciplinary proceedings. Cornia explains that the trend in the courts to use BWS in such a wide variety of cases portrays women as irrational and therefore undermines the position of women in society as a whole. She argues that the BWS defense should be reconstructed or replaced altogether. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ..................................... 100 II. OVERVIEW OF BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME .... 101 * Rebecca Dao Cornia graduated from Harvard Law School in 1986. -
Cyberbullying, Cyberstalking, Sexting & the Law
HUMAN SCIENCES Advancing Bullying Awareness Cyberbullying, Cyberstalking, Sexting & the Law ► In this third of a five-part series, you will learn Alabama’s laws and penalties related to cyber harassment and how they apply to youth. Parents and guardians often think that cyberbullying and sexting only have short-term social and psychological consequences for their children. But cyber harassment, stalking, or forwarding sexually explicit photos to peers can have serious legal consequences for youth and families. The consequences can impact both the victim and the one doing the harrassment. It is important, therefore, for families to be aware of the laws that address cyberbullying, cyberstalking, and sexting. This article will help parents/guardians understand the legal definitions of cyberbullying, cyberstalking, and sexting, along with the Alabama laws that govern those behaviors. Cyberbullying, Cyberstalking, and Sexting Cyberbullying, also referred to legally as cyber someone shared online (home address, license harassment, is defined as using the internet (social plate number, etc.), and technological attacks media, email, etc.), cell phones, or other technology (such as shutting down a person’s social media to send text or images intended to hurt or embarrass account or creating a social media account under the another person. Cyberbullying includes sending hurtful victim’s name). words and images, pretending to be another person online, sending hate mail, stalking, and doing other Cyberbullying and cyberstalking can both be connected harmful behaviors. When people talk about cyberbullying to sexting abuse. Sexting is sharing or forwarding in general, cyberstalking is not often discussed, but it is sexually explicit messages and photos (nude or nearly also a serious issue. -
Cycle-Of-Abuse-1-Handout-4-Dragged
HONEYMOON STAGE Relationship starts out with Romance, flowers, lots of compliments and attention says “I love you” early on, comes on strong, quick involvement; after abuse apologizes, makes excuses and all of the above ACUTE BATTERING STAGE Worst abuse, verbal, physical, sexual violence, leaving victim wounded physically, psychologically TENSION BUILDING STAGE Tension builds, arguments, emotional and psychological abuse, criticism, name-calling, threats, intimidation, may be minor physical abuse; victim fearful *Adapted from Lenore Walker’s cycle of violence CYCLE OF ABUSE At the beginning of the relationship, the Honeymoon Stage, the victim is swept off their feet by all the compliments, gifts, and attention. The abuser comes on strong and pressures for a commitment. After awhile, the abuse starts slowly and insidiously, unrecognizable to the victim. And if they do recognize that something might not be right, they make excuses for the abuser’s behavior, as the abuser is quick to apologize and offer explanations that the victim believes. As the victim tolerates the abuse, the abuse escalates slowly and continues through the Tension Building Stage and then the Acute Battering Stage. This is followed by the Honeymoon Stage wherein the abuser apologizes, offers gifts, attention, etc. and once again, the victim, who wants to believe the abuser is capable of change, and/or that they can change him, continues in the relationship. This then becomes a self-perpetuating, vicious, and dangerous cycle. Make no mistake, all the while the abuser is isolating the victim from family and friends by convincing them friends and family no longer care about them or can be trusted. -
Information for Stalking Victims
Kansas Victims’ Bill of Rights Kansas Domestic and Sexual Violence Hotline Numbers 1. Victims should be treated with courtesy, compassion and with respect for their dignity and privacy and Kansas Crisis Hotline should suffer the minimum of necessary inconvenience (888) 363-2287 from their involvement with the criminal justice system. Atchison (800) 367-7075 or (913) 367-0363 Information for 2. Victims should receive, through formal and informal Dodge City (620) 225-6510 procedures, prompt and fair redress for the harm which El Dorado (800) 870-6967 or (316) 321-7104 they have suffered. Emporia (800) 825-1295 or (620) 342-1870 3. Information regarding the availability of criminal Garden City (620) 275-5911 Stalking Victims restitution, recovery of damages in a civil cause of Great Bend (866) 792-1885 or (620) 792-1885 action, the crime victims compensation fund and other Hays (800) 794-4624 or (785) 625-3055 remedies and the mechanisms to obtain such remedies Hutchinson (800) 701-3630 or (620) 663-2522 should be made available to victims. Iola (620) 365-7566 4. Information should be made available to victims about Kansas City, KS their participation in criminal proceedings and the El Centro, Inc. ¡Si Se Puede! (dv) scheduling, progress and ultimate disposition of the (913) 677-0177 proceedings. Friends of Yates / Joyce H. Williams Center (dv) 5. The views and concerns of victims should be (913) 321-0951 ascertained and the appropriate assistance provided Kansas City, MO throughout the criminal process. KCAVP (816) 561-0550 6. When the personal interests of victims are affected, MOCSA (sv) (816) 531-0233 the views or concerns of the victim should, when Lawrence appropriate and consistent with criminal law and GaDuGi Safe Center (sv) (785) 843-8985 procedure, be brought to the attention of the court. -
The Cycle of Violence Revisited
T O EN F J TM U R ST I U.S. Department of Justice A C P E E D B O J C S F A V Office of Justice Programs F M O I N A C I J S R E BJ G O OJJ DP O F PR National Institute of Justice JUSTICE National Institute of Justice R e s e a r c h P r e v i e w Jeremy Travis, Director February 1996 The Cycle of Violence Revisited What happens to abused and neglected children after derived from self-reports. The study was based on they grow up? Do the victims of violence and neglect documented records: a sample of 1,575 court cases of later become criminals or violent offenders themselves? physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect that had occurred from 1967 to 1971 in a midwestern county. At A series of ongoing studies (sponsored by the National the time the cases came to court, all of the children were Institute of Justice, the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse under the age of 11, and the mean age was about 6. To and Alcoholism, and the National Institute of Mental isolate the effects of abuse and neglect from those of Health) are examining the lives of 1,575 child victims other variables, such as gender, race, and poverty, identified in court cases of abuse and neglect dating from researchers created a control group whose members 1967 to 1971. By 1994, almost half of the victims (most of matched the sample on the basis of age, gender, race, whom were then in their late twenties and early thirties) and family social class. -
Women's Aid Report Into Online Abuse, Harassment and Stalking
VIRTUAL WORLD, REAL FEAR Women’s Aid report into online abuse, harassment and stalking www.womensaid.org.uk Report Author CONTENTS Clare Laxton Forewords 3 Polly Neate, Chief Executive, Women’s Aid With thanks to: Caroline Criado-Perez Defi nition of terms 5 Hilary Fisher Siân Hawkins Introduction 6 The links between online abuse and domestic violence 8 The impact of online abuse, harassment and stalking 10 Response of social media providers 13 Response of the police 14 Response of criminal justice agencies 15 Culture of misogyny 16 Support for survivors 18 Conclusion and recommendations 19 Acknowledgments Women’s Aid would like to thank everyone who attended the online stalking, harassment and abuse Production and Design: conference in September 2013 – without your Susannah Marwood contribution this report would not have been Published by: possible. Thank you also to Katie Ross for organising Women’s Aid Federation of England, the conference, the entire Women’s Aid staff for PO Box 391, Bristol, BS99 7WS making it possible and Avon for sponsoring the © Women’s Aid 2014 conference. ISBN 978-0-907817-77-2 Women’s Aid is the national domestic violence charity that supports a network of around 300 local services working to end domestic violence against women and children in England. Our member services are integrated domestic violence service providers delivering a range of holistic services for women experiencing domestic violence and their children. Keeping the voices of survivors at the heart of its work, Women’s Aid campaigns for better support for women and children, provides training and resources for professionals and delivers a package of vital 24 hour lifeline services through publications, websites and the National Domestic Violence Helpline (run in partnership with Refuge).