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Toscana Sul Mare Da Pisa a Cecina a Piedi E in Bicicletta
Toscana sul mare da Pisa a Cecina a piedi e in bicicletta Tuscany by the sea from Pisa to Cecina on foot and by bike Crediti fotografici: Andra Dani (coperta), Andrew Masterson (pag. 5), f124r (pag. 9), Giorgio Finessi (pag. 12), MarioBellagotti (pag. 12), Marco Gasparetti (pag. 13), 123rf (pag. 17) From Wikimedia Commons Toscana sul mare da Pisa a Cecina a piedi e in bicicletta Tuscany by the sea from Pisa to Cecina on foot and by bike Ci sono molti motivi per visitare la Toscana. There are many reasons to visit Tuscany. Alcuni vanno per ammirare i capolavori Some go to admire the artistic masterpieces, artistici, conoscere la storia e la cultura learn about the world-famous history famose nel mondo, alcuni per godere la and culture, some to enjoy the wonderful meravigliosa natura e le splendide spiagge, i nature and beautiful beaches, gourmets buongustai per assaggiare la cucina toscana to taste the Tuscan cuisine and its e i suoi rinomati vini. Ma indipendentemente renowned wines. But regardless of the dallo scopo, non rimarrai deluso e otterrai purpose, you will not be disappointed una esperienza piena di fascino. and get an experience full of charm. La Toscana è stata abitata fin dai tempi Tuscany has been inhabited since ancient più antichi. Sulle sue colline fiorì la civiltà times. On its hills flourished the Etruscan etrusca, che nel III secolo a.C. fu sostituita civilization, which in the third century BC dal potente impero romano. Nel Medioevo was replaced by the powerful Roman Empire. nacque la Repubblica Fiorentina, la culla In the Middle Ages, the Florentine Republic del Rinascimento. -
The Unification of Italy and Germany
EUROPEAN HISTORY Unit 10 The Unification of Italy and Germany Form 4 Unit 10.1 - The Unification of Italy Revolution in Naples, 1848 Map of Italy before unification. Revolution in Rome, 1848 Flag of the Kingdom of Italy, 1861-1946 1. The Early Phase of the Italian Risorgimento, 1815-1848 The settlements reached in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna had restored Austrian domination over the Italian peninsula but had left Italy completely fragmented in a number of small states. The strongest and most progressive Italian state was the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont in north-western Italy. At the Congress of Vienna this state had received the lands of the former Republic of Genoa. This acquisition helped Sardinia-Piedmont expand her merchant fleet and trade centred in the port of Genoa. There were three major obstacles to unity at the time of the Congress of Vienna: The Austrians occupied Lombardy and Venetia in Northern Italy. The Papal States controlled Central Italy. The other Italian states had maintained their independence: the Kingdom of Sardinia, also called Piedmont-Sardinia, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (ruler by the Bourbon dynasty) and the Duchies of Tuscany, Parma and Modena (ruled by relatives of the Austrian Habsburgs). During the 1820s the Carbonari secret society tried to organize revolts in Palermo and Naples but with very little success, mainly because the Carbonari did not have the support of the peasants. Then came Giuseppe Mazzini, a patriotic writer who set up a national revolutionary movement known as Young Italy (1831). Mazzini was in favour of a united republic. -
“Saint Peter's by the Sea”
“Saint Peter’s by the Sea” A Spiritual Pilgrimage to Rome and Sicily Rome, Vatican City, Taormina, Castelmola, Mount Etna, Castlebuono, Cefalu’, Agrigento, Piazza Armerina and Siracusa A twelve Day Italian Journey April 29th – May 10th, 2019 “To have seen Italy without having seen Sicily is not to have seen Italy at all, for Sicily is the clue to everything.” ~ Goethe KEYROW TOURS 60 Georgia Road Trumansburg, New York 14886 Tel: 315.491.3711 Day#1: Departure for Italy Monday: April 29th, 2019 In conjunction with AAA Travel (Ithaca, NY), Keyrow Tours is pleased to make all flight arrangements, including primary flights originating from anywhere in the United States, and international flights. We will depart from a major international airport located on the east coast of the United States (most likely Boston) and fly directly into Rome’s Leonardo Da Vinci Airport. Transportation to and from your primary airport of departure is each person’s responsibility. “What is the fatal charm of Italy? What do we find there that can be found nowhere else? I believe it is a certain permission to be human, which other places, other countries, lost long ago.” ~ Erica Jong KEYROW TOURS 60 Georgia Road Trumansburg, New York 14886 Tel: 315.491.3711 Day #2: From Pagan Temples to Patrimonial Churches Tuesday: April 30th, 2019 Morning arrival at Leonardo Da Vinci Airport, Rome After passport control and collecting our luggage, private minivans will transfer us to our hotel, located in Rome’s historical center. Pranzo! (Light lunch included) Time to shower and unpack The Centro Storico (Historic Center) A.) Campo Dei Fiori Rome’s daily farmer’s market is a five minute walk from our hotel: fresh vegetables and fruits, cheese, meats and fish. -
Unification of Italy 1792 to 1925 French Revolutionary Wars to Mussolini
UNIFICATION OF ITALY 1792 TO 1925 FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS TO MUSSOLINI ERA SUMMARY – UNIFICATION OF ITALY Divided Italy—From the Age of Charlemagne to the 19th century, Italy was divided into northern, central and, southern kingdoms. Northern Italy was composed of independent duchies and city-states that were part of the Holy Roman Empire; the Papal States of central Italy were ruled by the Pope; and southern Italy had been ruled as an independent Kingdom since the Norman conquest of 1059. The language, culture, and government of each region developed independently so the idea of a united Italy did not gain popularity until the 19th century, after the Napoleonic Wars wreaked havoc on the traditional order. Italian Unification, also known as "Risorgimento", refers to the period between 1848 and 1870 during which all the kingdoms on the Italian Peninsula were united under a single ruler. The most well-known character associated with the unification of Italy is Garibaldi, an Italian hero who fought dozens of battles for Italy and overthrew the kingdom of Sicily with a small band of patriots, but this romantic story obscures a much more complicated history. The real masterminds of Italian unity were not revolutionaries, but a group of ministers from the kingdom of Sardinia who managed to bring about an Italian political union governed by ITALY BEFORE UNIFICATION, 1792 B.C. themselves. Military expeditions played an important role in the creation of a United Italy, but so did secret societies, bribery, back-room agreements, foreign alliances, and financial opportunism. Italy and the French Revolution—The real story of the Unification of Italy began with the French conquest of Italy during the French Revolutionary Wars. -
Fibonacci and His Impact on Nature
THE NEW JERSEY ITALIAN HERITAGE COMMISSION Fibonacci and His Impact on Nature Grade Level: 6-8 Time Required: Multiple forty minute periods or assign part as homework Materials Needed: Internet access, graph paper, poster board, optional - interactive white board and items from nature (spiral sea shells, daisies, sunflowers, pine cones, beehive, various leaves); ruler, compass Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. identify Fibonacci as one of the central influences to the widespread use of the Hindo- Arabic numerical system and of mathematical formulas used in western education and commercial applications. 2. briefly describe Fibonacci’s life and accomplishments. 3. develop connections between Fibonacci’s Sequence, The Golden Rectangle, The Golden Spiral and various items in nature. 4. infer what modern mathematics may be like had Fibonacci not traveled to North Africa. Standards: https://www.storyofmathematics.com/medieval_fibonacci.html Please read the New Jersey Student Learning Standards on page 7 before conducting the lesson. They will help you give explicit instructions to your students and help you create rubrics most appropriate for your class. Procedures: 1. Optional Previous Night’s Homework: The students should briefly research the Middle Ages (6th to the 16th Centuries / about 500 A.D. to about 1500 A.D.) with a focus on the history of the Roman numerical system. Roman Numerals were the primary numerical system of Europe during that time. 2. As a follow up to the Previous Night’s Homework, students should discuss their findings in small groups and read the Historical Background component for Leonardo Pisano Bigollo. 3. From the Historical Background, the students should be able to map the progression of numerical calculations of the early 1200s as introduced to Europe by Leonardo Pisano Bigollo also known in later years as “Leonardo Fibonacci.” 4. -
A Virtual Train Journey Along the Mare Ligure from Ventimiglia to Rome
Italian Culture Newsletter Number 22 A Virtual Train Journey along the Mare Ligure from Ventimiglia to Rome. Marie and I have made this journey on a number of occasions. In doing so we have either made the journey in a single day albeit with a change of train, usually at Genova. On other occasions, we have spent an evening or even a few days at Genova and/or at Livorno or Pisa. The journey described will involve more stops on the way but could be more interesting on that account. The trip begins in Ventimiglia where we stayed overnight on our last day of our last holiday in Italy. This had been occasioned by the French railway strike which prevented any trains from running from Ventimiglia to Nice on the day of our arrival from Rome into the city at the Italian- French border in Liguria. Our first visit to Ventimiglia was in 2006 when some Italian friends from Cuneo, due north of Ventimiglia, in Piemonte, met us at the rail station in Ventimiglia to take us for a short stay at their apartment in Nice. On that occasion we didn’t see much of the city except for part of the old medieval town, which now mostly is the home of many of the southerners from Naples, Calabria and Sicily who moved north seeking employment after WWII. The old town is perched high above the new city with its long sea-front promenade and railway station. Ventimiglia is the ancient Albium Intemelium, the capital of the Intemelii, a Ligurian tribe which long resisted the Romans, until in 115 BC it was forced to submit to Marcus Aemilius Scaurus. -
Palestinian Community in Italy
Palestine International Institute Aspiring to Bind Palestinians in Diaspora and Expatriates to the Homeland The Palestinian Community In Italy Table of Contents Foreword Acknowledgement Chapter One | Italy: The History, Politics and Social Systems A Historical Résumé From Renaissance to Unity On the Road to Fascism The Second World War (WWII) The Provisional Government Leads the Country to a Republic System of Government ►Parliament ►Rival Political Parties Social Status Economic Status Chapter Two | The Islamic Community in Italy The Beginnings The Nature of the Islamic Presence in Italy Major Islamic Associations ►The Islamic Cultural Center in Rome ►Union of Islamic Communities ►Association of Italian Muslims ►The Islamic Religious Group (Coreis) Chapter Three | The Palestinian Community in Italy: Past and Present History of Palestinian Immigration Palestinian and Arab Organizations Italian Political Powers ►Left-Wing Parliamentary Parties ►Left-Wing Non-Parliamentary Parties ►Center Parties ►Right-Wing Parliamentary Parties ►Right-Wing Non-Parliamentary Parties ►The Radical Party The Palestinian Political and Media Activity 1 Refining the Experience and Integrating with the Society ►Decisive Events Marking Crossroads Persistent Problems that Need to be Overcome The Present Situation and Horizons of Hope Summary Foreword The Palestine International Institute (PII) pioneers in producing studies provided by researchers in the Diaspora, in coordination with the Institute, under the broad category 'Palestinians in Diaspora'. This time we are pleased to present our readers with the new study titled, ‘The Palestinian Community in Italy’. This study falls under the category of the Horizontal Studies series which examines the emergence and evolution of communities and tackles issues related to the origins, structure, mak-eup, size, problems and challenges facing Palestinian communities in the Diaspora. -
The Apogee of the Hispano-Genoese Bond, 1576-1627
Hispania, LXV/1, num. 219 (2005) THE APOGEE OF THE HISPANO-GENOESE BOND, 1576-1627 por THOMAS KIRK New York University in Florence (Italy) RESUMEN: El periodo entre 1576 y 1627 se caracteriza por ser un momento de intensa coopera ción entre España y la república de Genova. Iniciado con una guerra civil en Genova simultánea a una suspensión de pagos en Madrid, concluye con el estallido de un con flicto bélico en el norte de Italia y con una nueva bancarrota. Los dramáticos aconteci mientos con los que se inicia nuestro periodo de estudio facilitaron la estabilidad inter na de la república y sirvieron para fortalecer los vínculos con España. El mecanismo de simbiosis —-dependencia española de la capacidad financiera de Genova y dependencia de la república de la protección de la Corona— no impidió momentos de tensión entre ambos aliados. Aun así, los fuertes intereses comunes, sin mencionar la superioridad militar española y el carácter asimétrico de la relación, explican que dichas tensiones se manifestaran en una dimensión simbólica. Sin embargo, es evidente que esta relación no podía durar siempre, por lo que en el momento culminante de la presencia del capital genovés en España y de dependencia de la protección militar de la corona, se produce una ruptura del equilibrio que madurará algunas décadas después. PALABRAS CLAVE: Genova. Monarquía Hispánica. Sistema financiero. Galeras. Revuelta de 1575. ABSTRACT: The half century between 1576 and 1627 witnessed the most intense relations between the Republic of Genoa and Spain. This period, clearly demarcated at both its beginning and ending points, was ushered in by a brief war in Genoa accompanied by royal insolvency in Spain, and brought to a close by fighting in northern Italy and another quiebra in Spain. -
The Impeded Archipelago of Corsica and Sardinia
Island Studies Journal, 16(1), 2021, 325-342 The impeded archipelago of Corsica and Sardinia Marcel A. Farinelli Independent researcher [email protected] Abstract: Sardinia (Italy) and Corsica (France) are two islands divided by a strait that is 13 km wide. Their inhabitants have had commercial and cultural links at least since the Bronze Age, facing similar historical processes such as colonization from mainland powers during Middle Ages and a problematic assimilation within the nation-states to which the islands are nowadays associated. Nevertheless, they are generally perceived and analyzed as separate and distant islands. This is a consequence of the geopolitical context of the last three centuries, during which Corsica and Sardinia have become part of two separate states marked by a troubled relationship. This study has two main purposes: explaining the case of the two islands through a historical analysis of the island-to-island relationship between the 17th and 21st Centuries and proposing the concept of ‘impeded archipelago’ to describe analogous situations. Keywords: archipelago, Corsica, islands, island-to-island relationship, nationalism, Sardinia https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.142 • Received August 2020, accepted December 2020 © Island Studies Journal, 2021 Introduction Few scholars have adopted an archipelagic perspective on Corsica (France) and Sardinia (Italy), albeit the strait that divides them (The Strait of Bonifacio) in its narrow point is 13 km wide. Sardinians and Corsicans have had economic and cultural ties at least since the Bronze Age, they experienced colonization from continental powers during Middle Ages and Modern Era, and they shared a problematic integration process in the mainland country to which they are linked with since the 18th and 19th Centuries. -
The Genoese Colonies in Front of the Turkish Advance (1453-1475)
THE GENOESE COLONIES IN FRONT OF THE TURKISH ADVANCE (1453-1475) Giustina OLGIATI* The situation of the Gerioese colonies in the East after the faıı of Constantinople is efficaciously reflected in two letters sent to Genoa, a few months distant the one from the other, from Pera and from Chios. In the first letter, written on the 23 rd of June 1453, the ex-podesta of Pera, Angelo Giovanni Lomellino, related the tragic events of the conquest of the Greek Capital city and the surrender of the Genoese colo~y: the escape of the Christiansı ships, the sack, the demolition of all fortifications. That meant the order for Chios to pay a tribute, and the possibility of Kaffa and tha other lands of the Black Sea of being asked to pay some tributes too; that exorted the government of Genoa and the Christians to intervene; it reveal- ed the wish of Mehmed to reach and to conquest Rome within two years(l). On the 27 th of September 1453 , from Chios, Franco Giustini- ani, who should have succeeded Lomellino as the Podesta of Pera,. sentto sent to Genoa other details about the dramatic situation of Latin peoples in the East. Pera was imposed a Turkish goverment, taxes from Chios and from the colonies were demanded in the Black Sea, and the promises the Sultan had made were not reliable. it particular gave prominence to the fears of the habitants inspired by the Eastern colonies, and the ir döubts about the future, especi- aııy regarding the last initiative taken by Mehmed: the reinforce- ment of the fortress of Rumeli Hisary, to control the navigation through the Bosphorus, and therigging of at least two-hundred 00- (*) Genova Universitesi Ortaçağ Tarihi Asistanı. -
Discover Tuscany March 12 – 21, 2015
Pasadena Chamber of Commerce presents… Discover Tuscany March 12 – 21, 2015 See Back Cover Book Now & Save $250 Per Person For more information contact Leanne Waggoner Pasadena Chamber of Commerce (626)795-3355 [email protected] 10 Days ● 13 Meals: 8 Breakfasts, 5 Dinners Book Now see please note section for details Book Now & Save Double $3,149 * $250 Single $3,449; Triple $3,119 Per Person Regular rates: Double $3,399 Single $3,699; Triple $3,369 Included in Price: Round Trip Air from Los Angeles Intl Airport, Air Taxes and Fees/Surcharges, Hotel Transfers Not included in price: Cancellation Waiver and Insurance of $260 per person * All Rates are Per Person and are subject to change IMPORTANT CONDITIONS: Your price is subject to increase prior to the time you make full payment. Your price is not subject to increase after you make full payment, except for charges resulting from increases in government-imposed taxes or fees. Once deposited, you have 7 days to send us written consumer consent or withdraw consent and receive a full refund. (See registration form for consent.) "Value Tours" Value Tours provide all the key destination attractions and core benefits of a standard Collette tour, including the services of a professional Tour Manager. These lower-priced packages feature 3-4 star hotels that may be less centrally located. They also offer more free time, allowing guests to pursue a wider choice of independent sightseeing and dining options. 625161 Highlights… Rome, Assisi, Basilica of St. Francis, Montecatini Terme, Siena, San Gimignano, Winery Tour, Florence, Tuscan Feast Day 1: Thursday, March 12, 2015 the medieval walled city of Assisi, the Overnight Flight Your adventure birthplace of the patron saint of Italy, begins with an overnight flight to St. -
Sinking Pisa: the Decline of a Commercial Empire in the Thirteenth Century”
Matthew E. Parker “Sinking Pisa: The Decline of a Commercial Empire in the Thirteenth Century” Research Report The travel grant awarded by the History Project and INET (Institute for New Economic Thinking) enabled me to travel to Florence, Italy to conduct archival research in the Archivio di Stato di Firenze for six weeks during the summer of 2015. This investigation was the final research component for my dissertation, “Sinking Pisa: The Decline of a Commercial Empire in the Thirteenth Century,” exploring the fall of Pisan maritime efficacy in the late thirteenth century. A significant portion of my research involves the examination of wills, personal correspondence, treaties and statutes to reconstruct the economy, merchant networks, daily business, and material culture of Pisan men and women in the late thirteenth century. I use these sources to elucidate the deeper societal causes and lasting effects of the permanent destruction of the Pisan fleet at the Battle of Meloria (1284). The battle is conventionally recognized as the turning point, though as I argue not the cause, of Pisa’s commercial decline. In particular, I look for trends that presaged the decline of Pisan maritime power in the years leading up to the battle itself. By examining documents from the decades following the battle, I am uncovering the impact of the event upon the populace of the city as evinced by shifts in conceptions of communal identity, in prevailing political and social concerns, and in approaches to inter-city, inter-regional and international endeavors. I have opted for an interdisciplinary approach that rests firmly at the intersection of historical scholarship and economic analysis, believing that a composite image constructed from multiple approaches will finally permit a clearer rendering of this late chapter in the history of the Republic of Pisa.