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Copyright © 2014 Jason Alan Mackey All Rights Reserved. the Southern Copyright © 2014 Jason Alan Mackey All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. THE LIGHT OVERCOMES THE DARKNESS: COSMIC CONFLICT IN THE FOURTH GOSPEL A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Jason Alan Mackey December 2014 APPROVAL SHEET THE LIGHT OVERCOMES THE DARKNESS: COSMIC CONFLICT IN THE FOURTH GOSPEL Jason Alan Mackey Read and Approved by: ___________________________________________ William F. Cook III (Chair) ___________________________________________ Hershael W. York ___________________________________________ John B. Polhill Date______________________________ To God, Who has been faithful to complete what He started. And to Amanda, Keller, and Kyndall, my joy and gifts from God, who have borne many sacrifices on this journey, enduring to the end, and whom I love more than they can know. May the Lord richly repay you. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . viii PREFACE . ix Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Thesis . 4 Background . 4 Johannine Studies . 4 Warfare Literature . 19 Dissertations . 28 Conclusion . 29 Methodology . 30 Outline . 32 2. A READING OF THE FOURTH GOSPEL IN LIGHT OF COSMIC CONFLICT . 35 Prologue (1:1-18) . 36 Early Testimonies of Jesus (1:19-51) and Cana to Cana (2:1-4:54) . 38 The Festival Cycle (5:1-12:50) . 41 The Farewell Discourse (13:1-17:26) . 49 The Passion, Resurrection and Epilogue (18:1-21:25) . 53 Conclusion . 56 3. THE ANTAGONISTS OF COSMIC CONFLICT . 58 Demons . 58 iv Chapter Page John 7:20 . 59 John 8:48-52 . 60 John 10:20-21 . 62 Devil . 62 A(?) Devil—6:70 . 64 The Devil—8:44; 13:2 . 66 Satan—13:27 . 71 The Ruler of this World—12:31; 14:30; 16:11 . 73 The Evil One—17:15 . 78 Thief—10:10 . 79 Placement of References . 82 Judas Iscariot . 83 Judas’ Prominence in the FG . 84 Judas as an Instrument of Satan . 84 Additional Details Regarding Judas . 87 The Jews . 90 Identity in the FG . 91 Conflict or Cosmic Conflict . 96 Nature of the Conflict through the Narrative . 99 The World . 105 Identity in the FG . 106 Nature of the Conflict . 109 The Jews and the World . 117 Pilate . 120 Conclusion . 123 4. THE PROTAGONISTS OF COSMIC CONFLICT . 124 v Chapter Page God the Father . 124 God the Holy Spirit . 125 John 14:16-17 . 125 John 15:26-16:16 . 125 John 20:19-23 . 128 Angels . 130 The Disciples . 131 As a Group . 131 Individual Disciples . 133 Conclusion . 136 Jesus . 136 In Relation to Demons . 137 In Relation to the Devil . 147 In Relation to Judas Iscariot . 152 In Relation to the Jews . 155 In Relation to the World . 158 In Relation to Pilate . 161 In Relation to God the Father . 166 In Relation to the Holy Spirit . 166 In Relation to Angels . 167 In Relation to the Disciples . 167 Conclusion . 173 5. THE METAPHORS OF COSMIC CONFLICT . 174 Light and Darkness . 174 Background . 176 Key Passages . 181 vi Chapter Page Life and Death . 200 Jesus and Life . 201 Satan and Death . 203 An Exception and Conclusion . 206 Kingdom . 206 Conclusion . 211 6. THE WEAPONS OF COSMIC CONFLICT . ..
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