Technical Information Sheets for Major Food Crops of Cameroon

TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEETS FOR MAJOR FOOD CROPS OF CAMEROON

Sama Joseph Nkwain Ayissi Mballa J.P. Festus A. Numfor CAPP/NCRE/USAID CAMEROON

August 1993

MAIZE 1. Scientific name- Zea mais

2. National and regional production trends

Production in tons

Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 mm------

Ext.North 7417.7 9304.1 1124 2363 11598 12757 East 23515.8 16680.2 16546 14682 15824 30399 Centre 14127.9 18926.2 16106 17212 18780 33303 Littoral 11351.2 6631.4 9234 6153 9243 18196 S. West 13527.8 10550.6 13579 14998 19240 27822 N. West 104735.5 120990.7 156071 141383 110830 138884 West 73159.8 128762.0 107096 103995 99560 153553 North 27019.6 31703.8 22806 18791 36016 40512 Adamawa 28667.7 41317.8 39104 42862 48117 49415 South 6158.8 4690.6 5221 4296 4114 8540 National 309681.7 389257.3 386887 366735 373322 512381

Sources:1. Agricultural survey results 1985/85 to 1990/91, MINAGRI, Yaounde 3. Post harvest losses At national level, the 6th Plan national forecast for 1990/91 was 15% but the UNDP (1992) draft report indicates that the Bafou project in Dschang, West province reported up to 30% losses before storage and Diop (1992) reported an additional 5 to 8% losses during storage. The report also indicates that in the West and North West provinces losses due to poor drying range from 10 to 15% in addition to high predrying losses due to poor after harvest handling. Harvest losses in some cases could therefore increase to over 50%. 4. Quantities consumed and projection to the year 2000

Annual consumption (1000 t) Per capita consumption (kg) ------1980 1985 2000 1980 1985 2000 ------a) Nationally 384 454 690 43.4 46.4 41.5 b) Regionally Urban 48 72 175 - 21.4 - Rural 336 382 515 - 59.4

Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986), MINDIC, Yaounde

S. Food products and their consumption rates

Food products Consumption rates (t/year) ------Fresh cobs NA Flour NA Grits 12000 (supplied to Breweries in 1992)* Malt for brewing NA ------*Conte et al. (1993). Analyse economique de la fili~re mais au Cameroun. CAPP/USAID Yaounde The 1984 budget and consumption survey reports a national consumption of 52107 ton of maize grain, 6094 tons of flour and 838 ton of doughnuts

2 6. Quantities, forms marketed and prices by region:

Region Form Quantities Farm gate price Consumer price (t) (FCFA/kg) (FCFA/kg) Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Prov. Hqr.('85) ------

National Grain 21239 1971 NA NA 128 Ext. North " 475 80 NA 150 East " 1312 295 140 120 110 Centre " 1394 411 170 170 123(143)* Littoral " 798 12 120 170 180 S. West of 3801 1129 80 80 116 N. West of 2744 60 - 110 West to 3805 8 40 40 99 North " 2203 70 - 182 Adamawa " 4352 70 - 130 South of 354 116 130 90 140 Source: Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results), MINAGRI Yaounde. -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of food crops(Etude de commercialisation de cultures vivriers). * Figure in bracket is Yaounde consumer price in 1990 (Statistics Department, unpublished), MINDIC Yaounde

7. Mar*ting areas Mafketed mostly in rural markets in producing provinces (West, North West and Adamawa provinces, including Logone and Chari division of the Extreme North province) and in all urban markets.

Some grain, seeds and flour are exported to Gabon and Tchad and some flour and malt to Nigeria although Cameroon also imports maize and maize products. a. Existing marketing facilities a) Orcanizations

------Name Products marketed Location ------MAISCAM Flour, oil, & grit Ngaoundere and, Foumbot UNVDA Dry grain Ndop CAMFOOD Grain Yaounde Women COOPS Grain Kumbo in N.W. Province ------

3 b) Storaae facilities

Limited number of silos and cooperative stores exist with capacities of between ten and a few hundred tons. However the bulk of storage is in small individual storage facilities such as barns, platforms, cribs, rafters with capacities of less than a :in. c) Transport facilities

Inadequate and poorly adapted vehicles are used for t.ans.-ortation on very poor roads especially in rural areas. Most of the transportation is by head loads, animals ani hand pushed trucks. d) Credit facilities

Very limited credit facilities are offered by banks and credit organizations and usually only to big private and public organizations that meet the collateral requirements of the banks. Also information about these facilities is not readily available to the small-scale farmers and bureaucratic bottlenecks hinder them from having easy access to such credit. Most farmers therefore obtain their credits from "tontines" or thrift and loan societies in very limited amounts and high interests. a) Market intelligence and information

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

Product Technology+ Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities

Flour Hand pounding * NA Available Hand disc/attrition ** NA Available Diesel/electric mills *** NA Available Hammer/roller mills **** NA None

Grits Hammer/roller mills **** NA None

+ All levels of technology for flour and grit production exist but they are not easily available to small scale farmers because of cost limitations. NA - not available.

4 10. Production, processing and marketing constraints

a) Production constraints

Maize producers are faced with the general production contraints of Cameroon farmers, which include inappropriate land tenure and cropping systems, inadequate access to improved production technologies, pest and disease harzards, adverse climatic and soil conditions and demography related problems. The dominance of low yielding varieties/ traditional cropping systems and low acceptability or taste for high yielding maize varieties are considered most acute.

b) Processing constraints

The processing of maize into the common products of flour and doughnuts is largely done through pounding and use of hand disc mills. Improved technologies do exist but are not widely used because of costs and the fact that quantites processed per farmer/family are generally small. This may also explain why the bulk of maize is consumed in grain form.

Marketing constraints: c) The most acute constraints to the marketing of maize 3re inappropriate and insufficient storage and transportation facilities resulting in high distribution costs and low marketing marqins especially to producer distributors. Furthermore, farm gate prices are exceptionally low during harvests periods. Administrative bottlenecks such as frequent road blocks and checks by the forces of law and order also increase marketing transaction costs

11. Export prospects

Export prospects are high, particularly to neighboring countries 1.ke Gabon, Tchad and Nigeria and especially if the present product.:n. marketing and other constraints are removed. Presently Cameroon exports maize and maize products to the above countries even though it sti imports large quantities of maize and maize products especially for tne breweries. This is so because the geographical layout of the country #nd the poor marketing infrastructure makes it possible for one part of !ne country to import a commodity which another part produces and finds it easier and more profitable to export to a neighbouring country.

12. Supporting institutions and projects

-Ministry of Agriculture, for extension, policy planninq ind execution. -Institute of Agronomic Research (IRA including NCRE) for resear:n,

5 technology development/adaptation, and extension. -North West Development Authority (MIDENO) for training and extension. -Union Central des Cooperatives Agricole de l'Ouest (UCCAO) for training and extension. -Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for research and extention. -Semi-Arid Food Grain Research and Development (SAFGRAD) for research. -Cotton Development corporation (SODECOTON) for training and extension.

13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes particularly in the North West, West and Adamawa provinces include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, and -increasing efficiency of production and transformation to augment added values.

14. Donor and International organizations involved Donors* Ativities

USAID Research and extension CCCE/FAC Research and extension SAFGRAD Research and Development EEC/IITA Adaptive research CIRAD Research UNDP/FAO Postharvest research and extension World bank Food security CIMMYT Research and adaptation * see list of acronymes. is. Persons and private organizations recommended for contacts

-MAISCAM in Ngaoundere, Adamawa Province and Foumbot (SCTC), West province -UNVDA Ndop, N.W. province -CAMFOOD Biyem Assi, Yaounde -Mrs Bongadou Bamenda Central Market, N.W. Province -SODECOTON in Garoua, North Province -UCCAO, Bafoussam, West Province -Nso Women cooperative, Kumbo, N.W. Province

6 tp SORGHUM/MILLET

1. Scientific names: Sorghum vulgare/Pennisetum spp.

2. National and regional production trends.

------m ------Production in tons

Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91

Ext.North 260145.2 435235.8 173126 326115 259565 NA N. West 631.4 250.4 144 NA West - - - 1 NA North 70254 9 95850.3 55283 85644 78457 NA Adamawa 7493.3 10135.4 7710 6415 5123 NA National 338524.8 541471.9 236263 418175 343146 309760 Sources: Agricultural survey results 1985/86 to 1990/91, MINAGRI, Yaounde.

3. Post harvest losses

Apart from the 6th Plan national forcast which puts predicted 1990/91 postharvest losses at 15%, there are no reliable documented postharvest loss figures available. However, it is known that like for maize, losses in some areas sometimes rise to over 50%.

4. Quantities consumed and per capita consumption

Annual consumption (1000 tons) Per capita Consumption(kq) 1980 1985 2000 1980 1985 2000 a) Nationally 349 355 395 39.2 36.3 24.1 b) Regionally Urban 1 1 5 NA NA NA Rural 348 154 395 NA 55.1 NA Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986)

7 5. Food products and their consumption rates

Food products Consumption rates Flour NA Malt NA Blibli (an alcoholic drink) NA

6. Quantities and forms marketed by region

Region Form Quantities Farm gate Consumer price marketed marketed (t) price (FCFA/kg) Prov.Hqtr ------FCFA/kg Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 (1985) ------

National Grain 6982 14290 NA NA 162 Ext. North o 3101 10620 50 50 160 North o 3881 3170 80 70 161 Adamawa " NA 500 NA 50 165

Source: -Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results), MINAGRI Yaounde -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of fooc crops (Etude de commercialisation de cultures vivriers), MINDIC Yaounde 7. Marketing areas Sorghum and millet are marketed mostly in rural markets ir producing provinces (Adamawa, North and Extreme north provinces) and ir all urban markets of these provinces including Yaounde and Douala. Some quantitiies are exported to countries like Nigeria and Tchac which border the producing areas.

8. Existing marketing facilities a) Organizations

Name Products marketed Location

-SODECOTON Grains & flour Garoua, North Province -CEREACAM Flour Garoua

8 b) Storage facilities There a limited number of silos and stores provided by defunct "Office cerealier" with capacities of between ten to twenty tons. However, the bulk of storage is in small individual storage facilities such as barns, platforms, cribs, rafters with capacities of less than a ton. c) Transport facilities

Although the defunct Office Cerealier operated a number of reasonably adapted vehicles for the collection and marketing of these crops, most of the transportation by small scale farmers is by head load, animals and hand pushed trucks. The rural areas also suffer from poor road infrastructure. d) Credit facilities

Very limited credit facilities are offered by banks and credit organizations and usually only to big private and public organizations that meet the collateral requirements of the banks. Also information about these facilities is not readily available to the small-scale farmers and bureaucratic bottle necks hinder them from having easy access to such credit. The farmers' situation is further aggravated by the non-existence of "tontines" in this part of the country. Farmers therefore resort to borrowing from friends and money lenders at very high interest rates. e) Market intelliqence and information

There is no organized market information and intelligence in the northern provinces where the bulk of these crops are produced. 9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

Product Technology+ Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities+

Flour Pounding * NA Available Attrition mill ** NA Available

Blibli Malting * NA Available Natural fermentation * NA Available +Improvement possiblities exist but they are not utilized bsaise of high costs, lack of information and institutional surport.

0 \ 10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

The major production constraints faced by sorghum/millet farmers include very adverse climatic and soil conditions, inappropriate cropping systems, inadequate access to improved production technologies, and pests/disease hazards. b) Processing constraints

The processing of surghum/millet into flour is largely done through pounding and use of hand disc mills. Improved technologies uo exist but are not widely used because of costs and the fact that quantities processed per farmer/family are generally small. c) MarketinQ constraints

There are poor farm to market transportation facilities. There is also very limited internal market since it is consumed mostly by inhabitants of the three northern provinces. The crops face very high competition from maize which has a shorter growing season. 11. Export prospects

Even though Cameroon imports quantities of these crops, their exports especially to neighbouring countries of Nigeria and Tchad far exeed the imports (312 as opposed 50 ton between 1981/82 to 1985. as indicted by Cameroons Long term food plan of 1986). Possibilities for exporting to these neighbouring countries which have similar tastes for the crops as the nothern provinces, are therefore high since there is limited internal market for the crops.

12. supporting institutions and projects

-Ministry of Agriculture, for extension, policy planninq and execution. -Institute of Agronomic Research (IRA including NCRE) for research, technology development/adaptation, and extension. -Cotton Development corporation (SODECOTON) for training and extension.

13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes particularly in the three northern provinces include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers

10 -Promoting small and medium scale farm ograms -increasing efficiency of production anu transformation to augment added values and -Organisation in rural areas, of effective means of collecting and marketing surpluses.

14. Donor and international organizations involved Donors Activities ------USAID Research and extension CCCE/FAC Research and extension SAFGRAD Research EEC/IITA Adaptive research CIRAD Research World bank Food security ICRISAT Research and adaptation

15. Persons and private organizations recommended for contacts CEREACAM, Garoua, North province SODECOTON, Garoua, North province

11 RICE 1. Scientific name: Oryza sativa

2. National and regional production trends (traditional sector)* ------Production in tons ------Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 ------Ext. North 2402.3 1172.4 346 952 1130 Centre NA NA NA 20 N. West 11925.5 9332.3 6899 2729 1397 West 845.6 1010.4 1197 850 1053 North 989.0 602.5 50 334 599.5

Sources:1. Agricultural survey results 1985/85 to 1990/91. * The 6th plan estimated total national production of 81,000 tons for 1984/85.

3. Post harvest losses Apart from the 6th Plan national forecast which predicted predicted 1990/91 postharvest losses for rice at only 10%, there are no reliable documented postharvest loss figures available. However, it is known that like for maize postharvest losses for rice during drying and winowing and milling are by far higher than the 6th plan forecast. The UNDP 1992 report indicates low milling yields of about 60% whereas broken grains and other losses account for 35 to 40%.

4. Annual and per capita consumption projected to year 2000 Annual consumption (1000tons) Per capita Consumption(kg) 1980 1985 2000 1980 1985 2000 a) Nationally 52 87 214 5.8 8.9 12.9 b) Regionally Urban 20 33 98 NA 9.8 NA Rural 32 54 116 NA 8.4 NA

Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986) Figures exclude exports. Total demand (consumption) for 1985 was 124,000 tons. (6th plan estimates) 5. Food products and their consumption rates

Existing food products from rice in Cameroon are grain rice, parbloiled rice, and rice flour. Consumption rates for these products are not available.

12 6. Quantities and forms marketed by region (1988/89)

Region Form mktd Quantities mktd F.gate price Consumer price by season (tons) by season(FCFA) Prov.Hdqters 1st cycle 2nd cycle 1st cyl 2nd cyl FCFA/kg 1985 National Milled 530 557 - 195 Ext. North " 298 NA 90 NA 209 N. West " NA 475 NA 100 189 West NA 82 NA 90 190 North 232 NA 70 NA 182 Source: -Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results). -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of food crops (Etude de commercialisation de cultures vivriers).

7. Marketing areas

Although rice is produced mainly by three parastatals (UNVDA in the North West, SODERIM in the West and SEMRY in the Extreme North) both locally produced and imported rice is marketed in local and urban markets all over the country. Some of the rice produced in the Extreme North is exported countries to bordering the three north provinces -- Nigeria, Tchad and the Central African Republic.

8. Existing marketing facilities a) Oranizations

Name Products marketed Location

UNVDA Grain rice Ndop, N.W. province SEMRY Grain rice Yaguoa, Extreme North SODERIM Grain rice Santchou, West province CAMFOOD Grain rice Yaounde b) Storage facilities

The producing organizations own modern Silos and stores but small producers store their paddy in jute bags in their houses.

/ c) Transport -cilities

Although the producing parastatals have vehicles fo transpotation, they face the problem of poor road infrastructure fro: the producing areas to the urban markets. Small producers use head load animals and hand pushed trucks for transportation. d) Credit facilities

Credit facilities and government subsidies are avai.ible to th producing parastatals. However, very limited credit facilities ar offered by banks and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small scali farmers. Most of the small-scale farmers obtain credit from "tontines or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests e) Market intelligence and information

The parastatals have the means and capability of supplyini themselves with some market information and intelligence. This i however not easily available to the small scale producers. 9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

Product Technology+ Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities+

Grain rice Pounding * NA Available Milling *** NA Available

Parboiled Drum heating ** NA Availabl.e Rice flour Milling NA Available + Existing milling equipment are not very efficient. Improve4 technology is available but costs are prohibitive to small scale farmers.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general crop production constraints, ricl production is very labour intensive and its high cost renders it les! competitive with the rather cheap imported rice dumped into the country

14 b) Processing constraints

The processing of rice in Cameroon is hampered inappropriate by limited and milling equipment which give low milling yields 60%. Although of only milling is now liberalized, private individuals lack technical know-how and funds to compete with the parastatals. c) Marketini constraints The most pinching marketing contraints for rice in Cameroon include: - Low prices of imported rice as a result of dumping and high levels of guarantee prices to producers, -Accumulation of stock resulting from low demand for locally produced rice. -Inadequate transportation facilities resulting in high transportation cost and low marketing margins and main consumption the fact that the centres are to distant from the production centres. 11. Export prospects Presently Cameroon exports rice to Tchad and Nigeria even though it still imports large quantities of the product. This geographical is so because the layout of the country and the poor marketing infrastructure makes it impossible for one part of the country to import a commodity which another part produces and finds it easier and more profitable to export to a neighbouring country.

12. Supporting institutions -Ministry of Agriculture, for extension, policy planning and execution. -Institute of Agronomic Research (IRA including NCRE) for research, technology development/adaptation, and extension. -North West Development Authority (MIDENO) for training 3nd extension. -Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for research 2nd extention. -International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) -Cotton Development corporation (SODECOTON) for traininq ind extension.

13. Current policy strategies Strategies for increased production transformation and improved storage, and marketing to increase farmers' incomes in the North West, West and Extreme North provinces include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, and -increasing efficiency of production and transformation to augment added values.

15 14. Donor and international organizations involved

DQnors Activities

USAID Research and extension WARDA Research and adaptation CCCE/FAC Research and extension FAO/UNDP Post harvest research/extension World bank Food security IRRI Research and adaptation ------

15. Persons and private organizations recommended for

CAMFOOD Yaounde SODERIM Santchou, West province UNDVA Ndop, North West province SEMRY Yaguoa, Extreme North Tingo rice coop. Tingo, North West Mrs Bongadou Bamenda central market, N.W. MIDENO Bamenda, N.W. province

,, CASSAVA

1. Scientific name: Manihot esculenta

2. National and regional production trends and projections ------Production in tons ------Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 2000 ------East 201887.2 NA 229084 227327 187978 Centre 403537.9 of 304565 328188 304644 Littoral 169925.6 to 128916 93826 124806 S. West 268231.6 " 180366 135556 213782 N. West 101948.9 " 81066 80077 63343 West 97328.3 " 131523 91016 71450 North 14861.9 " 25770 381 20264 Adamawa 88644.4 to 74912 51151 42348 South 152671.3 " 180170 168959 180480 National 1499037 1496088 1336372 1176481 1209748 1578872 1998* Sources:Agricultural survey results 1985/86 to 1990/91 * (in 000 tons), ROTREP, 1991

3. Post harvest losses

Apart from the 6th Plan national forcast which puts predicted 1990/91 postharvest losses for cassava at 15%, there are no reliable postharvest loss figures for Cameroon. However, it is known that cassava which is very perishable experiences very high losses during harvest, transportation and processing due mainly to physiological and pathological influences. Also, Cooursey and Booth (1977) estimated postharvest losses for tropical root crops (including cassava) at 25%.

4. Annual and per capita consumption in 1985

Annual consumption (tons) Per capita consumption(kg) a) Nationally 800000 81.7 b) Regionally Rural 664700 NA Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986)

17 5. Food products and their consumption rates ------Food products Consumption rates/week NW, West, SW, & Littoral provinces Cassava fufu 8.80 kg+ Gari 2.00 kg+ Myondo 3.52 kg+ Bobolo NA Mentoumba NA Chips NA Dough nuts NA Starch NA Arki NA Source: + Okezie et al. (1988)

6. Quantities and forms marketed by region (1988/89)

Region Form mktd Quantities mktd F.qate price Consumer price (tons) FCFA/kq Prov. Hdaters 1985 FCFA/kg National Tubers 418.8 46 55 Ext. North " - - NA East " 35.8 52 NA Centre " 81.5 50 NA Littoral " 26.7 35 45 S. West o 146.9 45 NA N. West o 61.1 40 t West " 23.7 41 " North " - - i Adamawa " 25.6 64 " South 15.0 43 " Source: -Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results). -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of food crops (Etude do commercialisation do cultures vivriers).

7. Marketing areas Cassava and cassava products are marketed mostly in rural markets of major producing areas (West, North West, South West, Littoral, Centre, South, and East provinces), and in all urban markets it is mostly the processed product that is marketed. Small quantities (about 6 tons) are exported to neibouring countries.

U9O S. Existing marketing facilities a) Orcanizations

Name Products Location Women cooperatives Gari Malende (SW Province) Gari Bai Bikom (SW) Gari Baba 1 (NW province) Gari Nso (NW) Gari Baligham (NW) Gari Buea (SW) CAMFOOD Yaounde Gari Yaounde b) StoraQe facilities

Fresh cassava tubers are hardly stored traditionally. usually left The crop is in the field and harvested when needed. Cassava products are produced in small quantities and stored for short periods in small containers like bags and tins. c) Transport facilities Inadequate and poorly adapted vehicles are used for transportation on very poor roads especially in rural areas. Most of the transportation is by head loads, animals and hand pushed trucks.

d) Credit facilities

Very limited credit facilities are offered by organizations banks and credit (FIMAC) to small scale farmers. Most of the farmers credit from "tontines" obtain or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests, but for the processing organizations like of gari, UNDP provide some financial support to groups of women farmers in the NW province.

e) Market intelligence and information

Market intelligence and information is very recent limited. Apart fro' a initiative by UNDP in the North West and West provinces private or official no other service is available at any level to supply market information elsewhere in the country.

19 9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities

Gari Traditional * NA Available Machine processed ** 60/kg Available

Fufu Milling ** NA Available Fermentation * NA Available Hand pounding * NA Available Others Traditional * NA Available Source: FAO project (1993)

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general constraints of crop prodction, cassava production specifically suffers from a high rate of tuber rot before maturity, inadequate improved planting materials, pest and disease attacks and the fact that it is labour intensive. Cassava also has very high pre-harvest losses due to birds and rodents and during harvest, due to cuts and bruises. b) Processing constraints

Processing constraints of cassava include inefficient traditional processing techniques, labour intensive and high processing cost c) Marketina constraints Like all fresh root and tubers, cassava is a bulky commodity and it poses transportation problems. Distribution costs are high, market prices low , storage difficult, and it has a low ratio of value to bulk and weight. This results in low profit margins to producers and distributors.

11. Export prospects

Small quantities of cassava and cassava products are exported to France and Gabon (between 1981 and 1985 about 70 tons were exported)

20 12. Supporting institutions

13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes especially in the producing areas of the NW, SW, West, Centre, Littoral, South and East provinces include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers especially in processing -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, and -increasing efficiency of production and transformation to augment added values.

14. Donor organizations involved ------Donors Activities ------USAID Research and extension FAO/UNDP Postharvest research/extension GASTBY/IITA Adaptive research EEC/IITA Adaptive research ------

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -CEREACAM Garoua, North province -ROTREP IRA, Ekona, SW province -Women cooperatives as in item 8.

21 COCOYAMS

1. Scientific name: Xanthosoma sagittifolium (macabo) Colocasia esculenta (taro). 2. National and regional production trends and projections

rroduction in tons

Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 2000

East 49165.9 52330 27474 36238 40706 Centre 220236.3 159036 121003 121268 150515 Littoral 95495.0 76510 60974 43490 82374 S. West 273123.2 254095 245019 232036 305530 N. West 177341.7 170563 201987 179631 168586 West 183746.1 220280 185141 170116 110026 North 161.5 769 1641 1134 Adamawa 8874.0 8150 9139 6864 17539 South 73801.5 64853 47235 49524 40335 National 1081945.1 1005817 898741 840808 916746 1 4 1 4 *National projections in thousands of tons under medium demand scenario. Sources:Agricultural survey results 1985/86 to 1990/90 * (in 000 tons) ROTREP, 1991

3. Postharvest losses Apart from the 6th Plan national forcast which puts predicted 1990/91 postharvest losses for cocoyams at 15%, there is no documented postharvest loss figures for Cameroon at our disposal. However, it is known that cocoyams experience high losses during harvest and transportation. Other losses arise from physiological, pathological and pest influences. Also, Coursey and Booth (1977) estimated postharvest losses for tropical root crops (including cocoyams ) at 25%. 4. Annual and per capita consumption in 1985

Annual consumption (tons) Per capita consumption(kg)

a) Nationally 300000 30.6

b) Regionally Urban 26000 NA Rural 274000 NA Source: Etude do commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986) 22 5. Food products and their consumption rates Cocoyams are consumed in tuber form and as fufu or achu

6. Quantities/forms marketed and prices by region (1988/89) ------Region Form mktd Quantities mktd F.gate price Consumer price (tons) FCFA/kg Prov. Hdqters 1986 FCFA/kg ------National Tubers 44.35 53 71 East of 2.61 42 Centre of 9.54 66 73* Littoral if 1.32 82 S. West " 11.72 50 79 N. West 9.96 43 80 West 4.94 46 78 Adamawa '- 126 South 3.07 53 205

Source: -Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results). -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of food crops (Etude do commercialisation do cultures vivriers). * Yaounde price in 1990 (Statistics Dept. Yaounde, Unpublished)

7. Marketing areas Cocoyams are marketed mostly in rural markets of major producing areas (West, North West, South West, Littoral, Centre, South, and East provinces), and in all urban markets. Small quantities are exported to neibouring countries like Gabon.

8. Existing marketing facilities a) Orcfanizations

CAMFOOD Yaounde Food cooperative Buea b) Storage facilities

Traditional facilities like pits and houses are used by the rural producers.

23 / c) Transport facilities

Most of the transportation is by headload, animals and hand pushec trucks. Inadequate and poorly adapted vehicles are used fo transportation on very poor roads especially in rural areas. d) Credit facilities

Very limi ted credit facilities are offered by banks and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small scale farmers. Most of the farmers obtair credit from "tontines" or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests e) Market intelligence and information

Market intelligence and information is very limited. Apart from a recent initiative by UNDP in the North West and West provinces no other private or official service is available. Although the ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development gathers information on prices suct information is hardly ever diffused for the benefit of farmers and fooc distributors.

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

There are no processed products for cocoyams in Cameroon

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general constraints of crop prodction, coco yams production specifically suffers from inadequate improved plantinq mat 'rials, pest and disease attacks and the fact that it is labour intensive. There are also during-harvest losses due to cuts and bruises. b) Processing constraints

No traditional processing technology exists for cocoyame ir Cameroon as producers prefer to consume it as a basic vegetable. They have not therefore developed any tastes for processed products. c) Marketing constraints

Like all fresh root and tubers, cocoyams are a bulky commodity and they pose transportation problems. Distribution costs are high, market prices low , storage difficult, and they have a low ratio of value tc bulk and weight. This result in low profit margins to producers and distributors especially as the tubers are not processed to reduce bulk.

24 11. Export prospects

Some cocoyams are exported to France, Gabon and Central African Republic.

12. Supporting institutions and projects

13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, and marketing to increase farmers' incomes especially in the producing areas of the NW, SW, West, Centre, Littoral, South and East provinces include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, and -increasing efficiency of production

14. Donor and international organizations involved Donors Activities

USAID Research and extension FAO/UNDP Postharvest research/extension GASTBY/IITA Adaptive research EEC/IITA Adaptive research

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -CEREACAM Garoua, North province -ROTREP IRA, Ekona, SW province -Women cooperatives as in item 8.

25 YAMS 1. scientific name: Dioscorea spp. 2. National and regional production trends and projections ------m------m------Production in tons Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 2000 ------Ext.North 322.2 186 NA NA East 4506.4 3679.0 4787 3409 1T58 Centre 18216.3 18654.2 16606 10028 9696 Littoral 7627.6 8327.9 9717 3209 5564 S. West 11038.8 14777.5 15902 12757 2940 N. West 12027.3 15621.7 12592 15470 9198 West 38104.2 49039.7 37509 30284 18860 North 2195.7 4653.2 197 407 2917 Adamawa 1066.8 2117.9 1190 987 676 South 2924.5 2226.3 2049 2161 2268 National 95707.6 119519.5 100745 78714 53480 118696 168* *National projections in thousands of tons under medium demand scenario. Scirces:Agricultural survey results 1985/86 to 1988/89 * (in 000 tons) ROTREP, 1991 Postharvest losses

The 6th Plan predicted yam postharvest losses at 15%, but it is known that yams experience high losses during harvest, transportation and storage due to physiological, pathological and pest influences. Also, Coursey and Booth (1977) estimated postharvest losses for tropical root crops (including yams) at 25%. It is also note worthy that D. dumetorum hardens and becomes unconsumable when stored for long.

4. Quantities consumed

Annual consumption (tons) Per capita consumDtion(k) 1980 1985 2000 1980 1985 2000 a) Nationally NA 86000 NA NA 8.8 NA b) Regionally Urban NA 35500 NA NA NA NA Rural NA 50500 NA NA NA NA Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986)

26 5. Food products and their conLumption rates

In Cameroon about 80% is consumed as a basic vegetable (boiled or roasted)

6. Quantities and forms marketed by region ------Region Form mktd Quantities mktd F.gate price Consumer price by season (tons) by season(FCFA) Prov. Hdqters 1st cycle 2nd cycle 1st cle 2nd cle 1986 FCFA/kg ------National 6335 5040 147 Ext. North - - East - NA 1912 215 70 130 NA Centre 209 753 110 180 Littoral 161 202 169 120 150 113 S. West 884 616 100 N. West 90 70 2258 2039 60 60 105 West 329 800 60 60 North NA 90 6 80 30 NA Adamawa 360 267 100 100 South NA 91 175 110 70 NA Source: -Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results). -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of food crops (Etude de commercialisation do cultures vivriers). 7. Marketing areas

Yams are marketed mostly in rural markets except of all the provinces the Extreme North and in all urban markets of the country. Small quantities (only 38 tons exported between according 1982 and 1985, to the Long Term Food Plan) are exported to neibouring countries like Gabon. It is however also known that Cameroon imports yams from Nigeria, 8. Existing marketing facilities a) Oranizations

CAMFOOD Yaounde Yaounde Food cooperative Buea b) StoraQe facilities Traditional facilities like pits and houses are used by the rural producers.

27 c) Transport facilities Most of the transportation is by headload, animals and hand pushed trucks. Inadequate and poorly adapted vehicles are used for transportation on very poor roads especially in rural areas.

d) Credit facilities

Very limited credit facilities are offered by banks and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small scale farmers. Most of the farmers obtain credit from "tontines" or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests

e) Market intelliqence and information

Market intelligence and information is very limited. Apart from a recent initiative by UNDP in the North West and West provinces no other private or official service is available. Although the ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development gat,'ers information on prices such information is hardly ever diffused for the benefit of farmers and food distributors.

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

No processing and transformation technologies are available except at research level where attempts are being made at proceesing the tubers into chips and yam flour.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general constraints of crop prodction, yam production specifically suffers from inadequate and expensive improved planting materials, pest and disease attacks and the fact that it is very labour intensive. There are also during-harvest losses due to cuts and bruises. b) Processing constraints

No traditional processing technology exists for yams in Cameroon as producers prefer to consume it as a basic vegetable. Very few have developed tastes for processed yam products. c) Marketing constraints

Like all fresh root and tubers, yams are a bulky commodity and it poses transportation problems. Distribution costs are high, market prices low at harvest seasons, storage difficult, and it has a low ratio of value to bulk and weight. This result in low profit margins to producers and distributors. 28

A 11. Export prospects:

Even though Cameroon imports some white yams from Nigeria, it is reported to have exported about 38 tons between 1982 to 1985.

12. Supporting institutions and projects

-Ministry of Agriculture, for extension, policy planning and execution. -IRA including ROTREP and CNRCIP for research, technology development/adaptation, and extension. -MIDENO for training and extension. -FAO/UNDP for postharest dvelopment and extention. -UCCAO for training and extension -SODECOTON fortraining and extension -GATSBY/IITA for research and extension -SOWEDA in the SW province for training and extension -N.E. Benue project for training and extension 13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes especially the in producing areas of the NW, SW, West, Centre, Littoral, South and East provinces include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, and -increasing efficiency of production and transformation to augment added values.

14. Donor and international organization involved ------Donors Activities IITA Research USAID Research/extension EEC/IITA Adaptive research GATSBY/IITA Adaptive research ------

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -ROTREP, IRA Ekona -Women cooperatives in NW & SW Provinces -Food cooperative, Buea -CAMFOOD , Yaounde

29 SWEET POTATO 1. Scientific name: Ipomea batatas 2. National production

-Production in 1984/85 was 50000 tons (6th Plan)

3. Postharvest losses

The 6th Plan predicted Sweet potato postharvest losses at 15%, bul it is known that sweet potatoes experience high losses during harvest, transportation and storage due to physiological, pathological and pes influences. Also, Coursey and Booth (1977) estimated postharvest losse for tropical root crops (including sweet potatos) at 25%.

4. Annual and per capita consumption in 1985 ------Annual consumption (tons) Per capita consumption(kg) a) Nationally 180000 18.4 b) Regionally Urban 50400 NA Rural 129600 NA Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986)

5. Food products and their consumption rates In Cameroon about 80% of Sweet potato is consumed as a basic vegetable and the rest is consumed in form of flour, dolo (a non alcoholic beverage) and chips. 6. Quantities and forms marketed by region No information available

7. Marketing areas

Sweet potatos are marketed in both rural and urban markets of all the provinces.

30 8. Existing marketing facilities a) Organizations

Women marketing cooperative in Melong, Littoral Province

b)l-Storaqe facilities

Traditional facilities like pits, houses and barns are used by the rural producers.

c) Transport facilities

Most of the transportation is by head loads, animals and hand pushed trucks. Inadequate and poorly adapted vehicles are used for transportation on very poor roads especially in rural areas. d) Credit facilities

Market intelligence and information is very limited. Apart from a recent initiative by UNDP in the North West and West provinces no other private or official service is available. Although the ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development gathers information on prices such information is hardly ever diffused for the benefit of farmers and food distributors.

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

------M--M------M-----M-----M----- Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities ----- mmm------m------mm------Flour Traditional * NA Available Dolo Traditional • NA Available Chips Machine ** NA Available m ------m------m------ 10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints Poor farming techniques Inadequate improved planting materials Pest and disease attacks Labour intensive production

31 b) Processing constraints

-Inadequate improved processing technologies c) Marketina constraints

-Bulky products -High transportation costs -Low market prices -Low profit margin -Difficult storage due to lack of storage facilities -Low ratio of value to bulk and weight -Low demand

11. Export prospects:

Export prospects are low even though very insignificant quantities are currently being export to France and Tchad.

12. Supporting institutions and projects

-Ministry of Agriculture, for extension, policy planning and execution. -IRA including ROTREP and CNRCIP for research, technology development/adaptation, and extension. -MIDENO for training and extension. -FAO/UNDP for postharest dvelopment and extention. -UCCAO for training and extension -SODECOTON for training and extension -GASTBY/IITA for research and extension -SOWEDA in the SW province for training and extension -N.E. Benue projection in the North for training and extension 13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes especially in the producing areas of the NW, SW, West, Centre, Littoral, South and East provincas include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, and -increasing efficiency of production and transformation to augment added values.

14. Donor and international organizations involved

32 Donors Activities -CIP Research/postharvest/extension -USAID Research and extension -EEC/IITA Adaptive research -BATSBY/IITA Adaptive research -UNDP/FAO Postharvest research and extension ------

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -Women cooperatives in NW & SW provinces -MIDENO in Bamenda -Farmers' group in Melong, Littoral province -ROTREP, IRA, Ekona

33 Irish potato

1. Scientific name: Solanum tuberosum.

2. National and regional production trends

------Production in tons Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 ------m------ Ext.North 11.6 East 38.5 197.8 84 22 63 Centre 525.6 265.6 274 165 177 Littoral 4.1 25 400 S. West 22.5 60 65 N. West 9163.4 10493.8 12129 16648 24461 West 12552.0 12861.8 8130 9575 5794 North Adamawa 6.9 120.7 8 19 28 South 274.2 307.9 139 227 127 National 22585.1 24263.3 20849 26662 31115 38581 Sources:1. Agricultural survey results 1985/85 to 1990/91

3. Postharvest losses

The 6th Plan predicted Irish potato postharvest losses at 15%, but it is known that Irish potatos experience high losses during harvest, transportation and storage due to physiological, pathological and pest influences. Also, Cooursey and Booth (1977) estimated postharvest losses for tropical root crops (including Irish potatos) at 25%. 4. Quantities consumed

------Annual consumption (tons) Per capita consumption(kg) 1985 1985 a) Nationally 85000 8.7 b) Regionally Urban 47100 NA Rural 37900 NA

Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986)

5. Food products and their consumption rates In Cameroon nearly all the Irish potatos are consumed as bdasc vegetable.

34 6. Quantities and forms marketed by region ------Region Form mktd Quantities mktd F.gate price Consumer price by season (tons) by season(FCFA) Prov. Hdqters ist cycle 2nd cycle 1st cyl 2nd cyl 1986 CFA/kg

National Tubers 9013 2620 153 Ext. North " 198 East " 235 Centre " 8 80 176 Littoral " 143 N. West " 7942 2068 40 50 70 West " 1060 532 80 90 85 Adamawa " 140 South " 3 21 130 50 261 Source: -Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results). -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of food crops (Etude de commercialisation de cultures vivriers). 7. Marketing areas Irish potatos are marketed mostly in the rural markets of the producing areas (North West and West provinces including Mokolo in the Extreme North province) and the urban towns of Yaounde, Douala, Nkongsamba, Bamenda and Bafoussam. Small quantities are exported to Nigeria and Gabon although there is some importation into the super markets in Yaounde and Douala. 8. Existing marketing facilities a) Organizations

MIDENO Bamenda UCCAO Bafoussam CEIPS Djutissa, Dschang Nso women coops Nso, NW province b) Storage facilitie_

Traditional facilities lik6 houses and barns are used by the rural producers. Improved cribs, barns, and stores have been introduced in the major producing areas of the North West and West provinces c) TransDorz facilities

Most of the transportation is by head loads, animals and hand pushed trucks. Inadequate and poorly adapted vehicles are used for transportating some quantities to urban centres sometime on very poor roads.

35 d) Credit facilities

Very limited credit facilities are offered by banks and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small scale farmers. Most of the farmers obtained credit from "tontines" or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests. Some financial support is being provided to some farmers in the North West and West provinces by UNDP/FAO mainly for postharvest operations. e) Market intelligence and information

Market intelligence and information is very limited. :.part from a recent initiative by UNDP in the North West and West provinces no other private or official service is available. Although the ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development gathers information on prices such information is hardly ever diffused for the benefit of farmers and food distributors.

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies ------Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities

Flour Machine ** NA Available Chips Machine ** NA Available

These technologies are still at research level and have not been widely diffused.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

Poor farming techniques Inadequate improved planting materials Pest and disease attacks Labour intensive production b) Processing constraints

-Inadequate improved processing technologies c) Marketina constraints

-Bulky products -High transportation costs -Low market prices -Low profit margin -Difficult storage due to lack of appropriate storage facilities -Low ratio of value to bulk and weight -Supply affected by seasonality 36 t< 11. Export prospects:

Export prospects for Irish potatos are high as Cameroon is ranked as one of the highest producers in West and Central Africa. The regional centre for the International Potato Centre (CIP) is located at Bambui, Cameroon. 12. SuDortinQ institutions and Drojects -Ministry of Agriculture, for extension, policy planning and execution. -IRA including CNRCIP for research, technology development/adaptation, and extension. -MIDENO for training and extension. -FAO/UNDP for postharest dvelopment and extention. -UCCAO for training and extension -CEIPS in West province for production and marketing 13. Current policy strategies Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes especially in the producing areas of the NW and West provinces include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, and -increasing efficiency of production and transformation to augment added values. - Extension of the seed production programme to the Adamawa province

14. Donor and international organizationsorganizations involved ------Donors Activities ------CIP Postharvest research/extension -FAO/UNDP Postharvest research/extension -IFAD Provides funds through MIDENO -EDF -KFW ,, ------

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -CIP, IRA, Bambui -CEIPS, Djutissa, Dschang -Nso Women Cooperative Society, N.W. Province -Mrs Bongadou, Bamenda

37 BEANS 1. Scientific name: Phaseolus spp. 2. National and regional production trends and projections

------Production in tons Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/901 1990/91

Ext.North 16938.6 14846.5 7108 22285 East 229.0 249.2 245 59 Centre 254.0 182.5 72 107 Littoral 690.5 482.7 706 722 S. West 1147.9 657.6 891 399 N. West 17693.3 18452.8 15846 14590 West 16516.4 23227.3 12787 16910 North 3118.2 3438.7 2211 3596 Adamawa 110.8 206.8 203 111 South 217.0 219.9 183 318 National 56915.6 61963.9 40251 59097 54055 63095

Sources:1. Agricultural survey results 1985/85 to 1990/91

3. Post harvest losses

Studies undertaken by MINAGRI in 1985 estimated postharvest losses for this crop at 20%. (Plan alimentaire a long terme 1985 1995 pg.A/12)

4. Annual and per capita consumption in 1985 M------M-----m------Annual consumption (tons) Per capita comsumption(kg)

a) Nationally 75000 7.7 b) Regionally Urban 32200 NA Rural 42800 NA

Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986)

5. Food products and their consumption rates The only common processed product from beans in Cameroon is doughnut but the consumption rate has not been estimated.

38 6. Quantities and forms marketed by region ------Region Form mktd Quantities mktd F.gate price Consumer pric= by season (tons) seasonal(FCFA) Prov. Hdqters 1st cycle 2nd cycle 1st cyl 2nd cyl 1986 cfa/kg

National Grains 6395 - - - 202 Ext. North 1320 10663 100 90 327 East 270 Centre 165 Littoral 45 53 240 140 183 S. West 55 12 100 210 N. West 3814 1736 115 140 176 West 688 2993 130 160 190 North 451 - 110 - 123 Adamawa 23 7 170 120 267 South - 1 - 200 293

Source: -Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results, MINAGRI). -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of foot crops (Etude de commercialisation de cultures vivriers, MIDAS 1986). 7. Marketing areas Beans are marketed in all rural and urban markets in the country. 8. Existing marketing facilities a) Organizations Name Location

CAMFOOD Yaounde Women Cooperatives N. W. and S.W. Provinces b) Storage facilities Beans are stored in small capacity cribs, Ceiling, mud, brick anc bamboo stores in rural areas.Improved stores with higher capacities arc used by cooperatives that market beans. c) Transport facilities The small-scale producers transport their beans by head load, animals and hand pushed trucks. Whole salers use vehicles such as trucks anc pick-ups to move the commodity to urban markets. -Poor road infrastructure especially in rural areas. d) Credit facilities -Very limited credit facilities offered by banks (CAC) and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small farmers. -Most credit obtained from "tontines" or thrift and loar societies in very small amounts and high interests.

39 e) Market intelligence and information

Even though some market information is collected by some institutions and some government services the availability of this information to farmers is very limited. However, a recent UNDP/FAO attemp at this information dissemination is still operational in the West and North West Provinces.

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

- mm-m-m- ---- m------Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities

Doughnut Traditional * NA Available Machine grinding ** NA Available

The available improvement possibilities are not utilized because of cost limitations.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general production constraints, bean production in Cameroon suffers from poor farming techniques inadequate improved planting materials, and pest/ disease attacks. b) ProcessinQ constraints Limited use of improved processing technologies due to lack of information, cost limitations and limited products made from beans. c) Marketing constraints

The most imprtant constrains in the marketing of beans are high transportation and storage costs, low producer prices and low distributive profit margins.

11. Export prospects

Even though most of this commodity is consumed internally, the proximity of some high consumption zones of neighbouring countries to the production areas provides some export potential.

40 12. Supporting institutions and Projects:

-Ministry of Agriculture, for extension, policy planning and execution. -IRA for research, technology development/adaptation, and extension. -MIDENO for training and extension. -FAO/UNDP for postharest dvelopment and extention. -UCCAO for training and extension -CRSP for research surport 13. Current policy strategies Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase bean farmers' incomes in the producing areas all over the country include: -Developing teihniques of reducing postharvest losses -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved seeds and -improving the marketing of local surpluses 14. Donor and international organizations involved

Donor Activity -CRSP(USAID) Research -SAFGRAD Research 15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -Womens Cooperative Societies, N.W., S.W and West Provinces -CAMFOOD, Yoaunde

41 COWPEA

1. Scientific name: Vigna unguiculata

2. National and regional production trends Production in tons Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/901 1990/91 National

Sources:1. Agricultural survey results 1985/86 to 1990/91

3. Post harvest losses Postharvest losses resulting from weevil destruction during and storage losses during shelling are known to be as high as those for beans.

4. Annual and per capita consumption in 1985

Annual consumption (tons) Per capita comsumption(kg) a) Nationally b) Regionally Urban Rural

Source: Etude do commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986)

5. Food products and their consumption rates Product Consumption rates Doughnut NA

6. Quantities and forms marketed by region

Region Form mktd Ouantities mktd F.qate Price consumer price by season (tons) seasonal(FCFA) Prov. Hdqters 1st cycle 2nd cycle Ist cyl 2nd cvl 1986 cfa/kg National Grains

7. Marketing areas

Beans are marketed in all rural and urban markets in the country.

42 8. Existing marketing facilities a) Orqanizations

Name Location CAMFOOD Yaounde Women Cooperatives N. W. and S.W. Provinces b) Storage facilities

Cowpeas are stored in small capacity cribs, Ceiling, mud, brick and bamboo stores in rural areas.Improved stores with higher capacities are used by cooperatives that market beans. c) Transport facilities

The small-scale producers transport their cow peas by head load, animals and hand pushed trucks. Whole salers use vehicles such as trucks and pick-ups to move the commodity to urban markets. -Poor road infrastructure especially in rural areas. d) Credit facilities -Very limited credit facilities offered by banks (CAC) and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small farmers. -Most credit obtained from "tontines" or thrift and Ioan societies in very small amounts and high interests. a) Market intelligence and information Even though some market information is collected by some institutions and some government services the availability of t'.s information to farmers is very limited. However, a recent UNDP/FAO attemp at this information dissemination is still operational in te West and North West Provinces.

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

------m------Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities

Doughnut Traditional * NA Available Machine grinding ** NA Available ------

43 / The available improvement possibilities are not utilized because of cost limitations.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general production constraints, cow pea production in Cameroon suffers from poor farming techniques inadequate improved planting materials, and pest/ disease attacks.

b) Processing constraints Limited use of improved processing technologies due to lack of information, cost limitations and limited products made from cow pea. c) Marketing constraints

The most imprtant constrains in the marketing oZ cow pea are high transportation and storage costs, low producer prices and low distributive profit margins. 11. Export prospects

Even though most of this commodity is consumed internally, the proximity of some high consumption zones of neighbouring countries to the production areas provides some export potential. 12. Supporting institutions and Projects:

13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase cow pea farmers' incomes in the producing areas all over the country include: -Developing techniques of reducing postharvest losses -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved seeds and -improving the marketing of local surpluses

44 14. Donor and international organizations involved

Donor Activity -CRSP(USAID) Research -SAFGRAD Research 15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -Womens Cooperative Societies, N.W., S.W and West Provinces -CAMFOOD, Yoaunde

45 GROUNDNUT 1. Scientific name: Arachis hypogea 2. National and regional production trends

------Production in Province tons 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 Ext. North 11111.5 11579.2 6524 9732 East 9195.8 7963.1 11257 7634 Centre 19100.9 16205.9 16374 16456 Littoral 4487.4 3981.1 3675 2367 S. West 2129.1 1651.1 2519 2114 N. West 9408.2 12053.8 8470 27531 West 8324.2 11611.1 7858 7199 North 27901.7 21811.3 15230 17392 Adamawa 1174.9 2553.3 1725 1027 South 8096.0 8975.9 9620 8315 National 100929.6 98385.8 84252 79767 74766 113720 Sources:1. Agricultural survey results 1985/86 to 1990/91 (MINAGRI Yaounde) 3. Post harvest losses

Studies undertaken by MINAGRI in 1985 estim:ted postharvest for losses this crop at 15%.(Plan alimentaire a long terme 1985-1995 pg.A/12)

4. Quantities consumed and per capita consumpt in in 1985 m------mm-----M------m------Annual consumption (tons) Per capita consumption(kg) a) Nationally 130000 13.3 b) Regionally Urban 58700 NA Rural 71300 NA Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (Midas, 1986)

5. Food products and their consumption rates The common food products from Ground nuts in Cameroon are groundnut cakes, groundnut oil, and groundnut paste. No consumption rate -qures are available.

(V 6. Quantities and forms marketed by region ------Region Form mktd Quantities mktd F.gate price Consumer price by season (tons) by season(FCFA) Prov. Hdqters Grains 1st cycle 2nd cycle 1st cyl 2nd cyl 1986 CFA/kg

National 9785 2095 - - 365 Ext. North 1018 - 180 - 261 East 1193 519 220 220 450 Centre 1427 487 320 320 338 Littoral 326 39 230 240 308 S. West 425 670 170 180 N. West 1071 - 120 - 324 West 802 121 190 - 382 North 2762 - 140 - 267 Adamawa 227 - 130 - 345 South 533 259 320 260 304 Source: -Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results). -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of food crops (Etude de commercialisation de cultures vivriers, Midas,1986).

7. Marketing areas Goundnuts are marketed in rural and urban markets all over the countries. Groundnut grains and oil are also exported (between 1982 to 1985 10 tons of oil and 339 tons of grain were exported ) even though some oil and grains are also imported .

8. Existing marketing facilities a) Orcani7.-t'ot Ha_.^ Location

SODLC'fTJN Garoua Women's cooperatives NW Province CAMFOOD Yaounde UCCAO Bafaussam Projet Centre -Nord North province b) Storage facilities Groundnuts are stored in small capacity cribs, Ceiling, mud, bric6 and bamboo stores in rural areas. Improved stores and silos with higher capacities are used by cooperatives and other organizations that market goundnuts.

47 c) Transport facilities

The small-scale producers transport their froundnuts by head load, animals and hand pushed trucks. Whole salers cooperatives and projects use vehicles such as trucks and pick-ups to move the commodity to urban markets.

d) Credit facilities

Very limited credit facilities are offered by banks (CAC) and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small farmers. Most credit obtained from "tontines" or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests. However, projects have access to bank credits and support from financial organizations.

e) Market intelligence and information

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities Cake Traditional • NA Available Paste Traditional * NA Available Machine *** NA Available Oil Machine *** NA Available

The available improvement possibilities are not utilized because of cost limitations and lack of information.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general crop production constraints, groundnuts proauction in Cameroon suffers from poor farming techniques, inadequate improN,ad planting materials, and pest/ disease attacks. b) Processing constraints

Limited use of improved processing technologies due to lack of information, cost limitations and limited products made from groundnuts.

48 c) Marketing constraints

The most important constraints in the marketing of groundnuts are high transportation and storage costs, low producer prices and low distributive profit margins.

11. Export prospects

Even though most of this commodity and its are consumed internally, the droximity of some high consumption zones of neighbouring countries to the production areas provides some export potential. 12. Supporting institutions and Projects:

13. Current policy strategies Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase groundnuts farmers' incomes in the producing areas all over the country include: -Developing techniques of reducing postharvest losses -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale fairmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved seeds -improving the marketing of local surpluses and -increasing goundnut oil production to meet national demand. 14. Donor and international organizations involved

Donor Activity -CRSP(USAID) Research -SAFGRAD Research -CCCE/FAC Research and extension

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -Womens Cooperative Societies, N.W., S.W and West Provinces -CAMFOOD Yoaunde -SODECOTON Garoua -SODECOA Yaounde -UCCAO Bafaussam -MIDENO Bamenda

49 BAMBARA GROUNDNUTS 1. Scientific name: Voandzeia subterranea

2. National and regional production trends

------Production in tons Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 ------Ext. North 1881.4 3125.6 1411 3208 East 72.2 23.7 2 13 Centre 147.6 176.7 183 90 Littoral 847.7 778.0 1402 782 N. West 561.7 460.0 260 108 West 505.2 1149.9 632 1473 North 756.2 986.4 208 622 Adamawa 88.3 142.6 67 224 South 4.7 11.8 15 9 National 4865.0 6C55... 4180 6529 Source: MINAGRI, Agric. survey results, 1985/86 to 1990/91 3. Post harvest lo3ses

Studies undertaken by MINAGRI in 1985 estimated postharvest for this Lsses crop at 20%. (Plan alimentaire a long terme 1985-!995 pg.A/12)

4. Quantities consumed

All what is produced is consumed locally and in the product~on zones as indicated in item 2.

5. Food products and their consumption rates

-Consumed mostly in grain form.

50 6. Quantities and forms marketed by region

Region Form mktd Quantities mktd F.gate price by season (tons) by season(FCFA) 1st cycle 2nd cycle 1st cle 2nd cle

National Grain 358 3 - Ext. North 110 - 120 East "- - - Centre 8 - 90 - Littoral 250 - 190 - N. West 35 - 50 - West 32 1 60 30 North " 7 - 70 - Adamawa " 15 2 160 140 Source: Etude do commercialisation des produits vivriers (1986) (G.F.S./Midas, MINDIC, Yaounde) 7. Marketing areas

Most this commodity is marketed and consumed in the production zones and very little gets into the urban areas. 8. Existing marketing facilities a) Organizations

None b) Storage facilities

The commodity is stored in small capacity cribs, Ceiling, mud, brick and bamboo stores in rural areas. c) Transport facilities

It is transported in small quantities by producers by head load, animals and hand pushed trucks to homes and rural markets. d) Credit facilities

-Very limited credit facilities are offered by banks (CAC) and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small farmers. -Most credit is obtained from "tontines" or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests. a) Market intelligence and information Even though some market information is collected by some institutions and some government services the availability of this 51 information to farmers is very limited. However, a recent attemp at this information UNDP/FAO dissemination is still operational in the West and North West Provinces.

10. Production. Drocessinq and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general crop commodity production constraints this in Cameroon suffers from poor farming techniques, improved inadequate plaiiting materials, and pest/ disease attacks.

b) ProcessinQ constraints: This commodity is consumed mainly in grain form. There are limited number of products made from it. c) Marketing constraints:

The most important constraints in the marketing is that of this commodity consumption is limited to the production area sold are small and quantities because its demand in the urban centers is low. 11. Export prospects Internal production of this commodity is low. Prospects for export are very limited.

12. Supporting institutions and Projects: -Ministry of Agriculture, for extension, policy planning and execution. -IRA for research, technology development/adaptation, and extension. -MIDENO for training and extension. -UCCAO for training and extension -SODECOTON for training and extension. 13. Current policy strategies Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes in the producing areas all over the country include: -Developing techniques of reducing postharvest losses -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved seeds and -improving the marketing of local surpluses

52 14. Donor and international organizations involved - None

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -UCCOA Bafaussam -MIDENO Bamenda -SODECOTON Garoua

53 SOYA BEAN

1. Scientific name: Glycline soja

2. National production trends ------

Production (tons) Production projections 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1989/90 1990/91 ------159 318 543 1010 3635 4440 ------Source: UCCAO, Project soja, 1985 (p.79)

3. Post harvest losses

No figures are available but it reasonable to assume that losses are about the same rate as groundnut and bambara groundnut (20%)

4. National Consumption trends and projection

------Consumption in tons Projections 1981/82 1982/83 1983/84 1984/85 1989/90 1990/91 ------103 190 250 405 1252 1490 ------Source: UCCAO, Project soja, 1985 (p.79)

5. Food products and their consumption rates

The major products produced from this crop in Cameroon and most of which are on experimental basis include: Flour, Soy bean milk, Doughnuts, and Cakes . However, the flour i presently being produced and marketed on commercial scale.

6. Quantities and forms marketed by region Information not available.

7. Marketing areas

The crop and its products are consumed by producers and the rest is marketed mainly in the towns of producing areas of the North west and West provinces and in the towns of Yaounde and Douala..

54 8. Existing marketing facilities a) OrQanizations Name Location

UCCAO Bafaussam MIDENO Bamenda b) Storage facilities

Soya beans are stored in small capacity cribs, Ceiling, mud, brick and bamboo stores in rural areas. Improved stores with higher capacities are used by cooperatives and projects involved. c) Transport facilities The small-scale producers transport their products by head load, animals and hand pushed trucks to homes and markets. Vehicles are also used to transport them to urban areas. d) Credit facilities Very limited credit facilities are offered by banks (CAC) Ind credit organizations (FIMAC) to small farmers. Most credit is obtained from "tontines" or thrift and :an societies in very small amounts and high interests. However, some financial assistance is given to farmers involved in the Soy Coan project to encouage production and processing e) Market intelligence and information

Even though some market information is collected by scme institutions and some government services the availability of tnis information to farmers is very limited. However, a recent UNDPFAO attemp at this information dissemination is still operational in .ne West and North West Provinces.

55 9. Existing processing and transformation technologies ------Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities Doughnut Traditional • NA Available Machine grinding ** NA Available Flour Taditional • NA Available Machine grinding ** NA Available Milk Traditional • NA Available Machine ** NA Available ------The available improvement possibilities are not utilized because of cost limitations.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general crop production constraints, soy bean production in Cameroon suffers from poor farming techniques, inadequate improved planting materials, and pest/ disease attacks. b) Processing constraints Limited use of improved processing technologies due to lack of information and cost limitations. c) Marketing constraints

The most important constraints in the marketing of soy bean are high transportation and storage costs, low producer prices and low distributive profit margins, and limited information about the crop and products to potential consumers.

11. Export prospects

Low for the moment especially as the planned national soy beans project never took off.

56 12. Supporting institutions and Projects:

13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase soy bean farmers' incomes in the producing areas all over the country include: -Developing techniques of reducing postharvest losses -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved seeds and -improving the marketing of local surpluses

14. Donor and international organizations involved

Donor Activity -FAO Postharvest research and extension -CIRAD Research and development

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -Womens Cooperative Societies, N.W., S.W and West Provinces -CAMFOOD, Yoaunde -Mrs Bongadou Bamenda -MIDENO Bamenda -UNDVA Ndop -CAMFOOD Yaounde -GPE Bamenda

57 PLANTAIN 1. Scientific name: Musa spp 2. National and regional production trends

------Production in tons ------Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 ------

East 141977.9 NA 105421 105906 Centre 209416.0 " 138704 156212 Littoral 63434.3 " 66575 49465 S. West 429890.6 283356 220566 N. West 136406.0 110627 111516 West 172351.8 187493 146176 North NA NA 289 Adamawa 4608.7 4727 3793 South 79837.9 52054 60274 National 1238102.8 948957 854177 1136310 869544

Sources:1. Agricultural survey results 1985/86 to 1990/91 3. Post harvest losses

Studies undertaken by MINAGRI in 1985 estimated postharvest losses for this crop at 20%. (Plan alimentaire a long terme 1985-1995 pg.A/12)

4. Quantities consumed by region in 1987 ------Region Consumption rate/week/household South West 20.4 kg West 12.0 Littoral (excluding Douala) 15.6 North west 8.9 Douala 9.3 Source: Ekezie et al. (1988)

In Yaounde , consumption for 1985 was 82000 tons (Midas 1986)

58 5. Food products and their consumption rates

Most of the plantains in Cameroon are consumed as a basic vegetable. Only small quantities are processed into flour and chips

6. Quantities and forms marketed by region ------Consumer price Region Form Mktd, Prov. Hdqters 1986 CFA/kg National Bunches 72 Ext. North 77 Centre 67 Littoral 64 S. West 50 N. West 81 West 23 Adamawa 106 South 93

Source: -Quantities marketed and farm gate prices 1988/89 (Agricultural survey results). -Consumer prices are from 1986 study on marketing of food crops (Etude de commercialisation de cultures vivriers). 7. Marketing areas Plantains are marketed in the rural areas where produced but large quantities are transported in sold in all the urban markets in the country.

S. Existing marketing facilities a) Organizations

Name Location ------Women cooperatives Kumba & Buea CAMFOOD Yaounde ------

59 b) Storage facilities No traditional storage facilities exist for plantains in Cameroon. They are consumed fresh after harvest. c) Transport facilities

Producers transport the commodity by head pushed trucks load, animals and hand to homes nad village markets. Whole salers use such as trucks vehicles and pick-ups to move the commodity to urban markets.

d) Credit facilities

Very limited credit facilities are offered by credit organizations banks (CAC) and (FIMAC) to small farmers. Most credits are obtained from "tontines" or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests. UCCAO and the government sometimes young grants credit to farmers to produce this crop along with some others.

e) Market intelligence and information Even though some market information institutions is collected by some and some government services the availability information of this to farmers is very limited. However, a recent attemp at this information UNDP/FAO dissemination is still operational in the West and North West Provinces.

10. Production. Processing and marketina constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general crop production constraints, production in plantain Cameroon suffers from poor farming techniques, inadequate improved planting materials, and pest/disease attacks. b) Processinq constraints Limited use of improved processing technologies due to lack ;f information, cost limitations and limited products made from plantains. c) Marketing constraints

The most important constraints in the high transportation marketing of plantains are costs, low producer prices, high perishability the crop, lack of Df storage facilities, and low distributive profit margins.

60 11. Export prospects

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase Plantain farmers' incomes in the producing areas all over the country include: -Developing techniques of reducing postharvest losses -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved seeds and -improving the marketing of local surpluses 14. Donor and international organizations involved

Donor Activity -INIBAP Research and Development 15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -Womens Cooperative Societies, N.W., S.W and West Provinces -CAMFOOD, Yoaunde -Mrs Bongadou Bamenda -MIDENO Bamenda -INIBAP IRA, Njombe

61 BANANA 1. Scientific name: Musa spp.

2. National and regional production trends ------Production in tons Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 ------

East 36168.7 40585.6 36169 28942 Centre 105315.2 124555.3 105315 90739 Littoral 44051.4 34818.6 44051 36704 S. West 217396.6 141370.3 217397 112839 N. West 104099.6 92967.2 104100 100543 West 196615.8 259220.4 196616 199357 North 907 2460 Adamawa 9723.6 8427.4 9724 10909 South 28178.8 36830.3 28179 29528 National 741549.7 738774.9 742456 612031 593535 594100

Sources:1. Agricultural survey results 1985/85 to 1990/91 (MINAGI) 3. Post harvest losses Studies undertaken by MINAGRI in 1985 estimated postharvest losses for this crop at 25%. (Plan alimentaire a long terme 1985-1995 pg.A/12) 4. Comsumption rates

The long term food plan for Cmaeroon estimated a per consumption capita of 47.6kg for 1985/86 and a national consumption of 471100 tons Midas 1986).

5. Food products and their consumption rates

Bananas are consumed mostly as a ripe fruit in Cameroon

6. Quantities and forms marketed

Bananas are marketed in bunches or hands, Quantities marketed locally are unavailable but it has been reported that 47000ton where exported in tn 1986/87, 47878tons in 1986/87, 37451 tons in 1987/88, and in 40000 tons in 1988/89 (Afrique agriculture, August/Sept. 1990).

7. Marketing areas It is marketed in the rural markets in the producing areas and in all urban markets. Some of the commodity is exported to Europe.

62 8. Exis,:ing marketing facilities a) Organizations

Name Location

CDC SW province Del Monte Douala SPNP Penja b) Storage facilities

There are no traditional storage facilities for banana in Cameroon. Cool stores are available to producing corporations. c) Transport facilities

The small-scale producers transport the crop by head load, animals and hand pushed trucks to homes and the local markets. the producing corporations use vehicles such as trucks and pick-ups to move the commodity to the port for export. d) Credit facilities

Very limited credit facilities are offered by banks (CAC) and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small farmers. Most credits obtained from "tontines" or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests. The producing corporations have access to credit facilities from the banks and international financial organizations. e) Market intelligence and information

Even though some market information is collected by some institutions and some government services, the availability of this information to farmers is very limited. However, a recent UNDP/FAO attemp at this information dissemination is only operational in the West and North West Provinces. The producing corporations have the cabalitity to obtain the necessary marketing information from their oversea markets.

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

Bananas are consumed mostly as a ripe fruit in Cameroon.

63 10. Production. processing and marketing constraints

a) Production constraints

In addition to the general crop production constraints, banana production in Cameroon suffers from poor farming techniques, inadequate improved planting materials to the small scale farmers, and pest/ disease attacks (especially cercospora and nematods).

b) Processing constraints

Limited use of improved processing technologies due to lack of information, cost limitations and limited products made from bananas. c) Marketing constraints

The most imprtant constrains in the marketing of banana are high transportation and storage costs, low producer prices to small scale farmers and the high perishability of the commodity.

11. Export prospects

Cameroon has been a traditional exporter of banana but the export market presently faces a lot of competition from other producing countries.

12. Supporting institutions and Projects:

13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes in the producing areas include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved planting materials and -improving the marketing of local surpluses

64 14. Donor and international organizations involved ------Donor Activity ------CIRAD Research -Common Wealth Development corporation (CDC) Production -World bank Production -INIBAP Research/ext. ------

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts

- CDC, Bota, SW Province - INIBAP - Del Monte, Douala - SPNP, Penja - INIBP, Njombe

65 OIL PALM

1. Scientific name: Eleias guineensis

2. National and regional production trends (traditional sector) ------Production in 1000 litres (palm oil) ------Province 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91

East 2039.6 3103.6 2752 1773 Centre 7789.3 4625.6 5275 4365 Littoral 3553.0 1383.2 2180 6968 S. West 12225.0 6955.1 10670 7758 N. West 14503.5 15030.8 9852 6301 West 5088.0 5100.6 6670 5176 Adamawa 240.9 136.2 229 417 South 2111.3 2642.8 2098 1152 National 47550.5 38977.8 39727 33910 34330 36708

Sources:1. Agricultural survey results 1985/85 to 1990/91

Total national production of palm oil in tons

Years 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89

Production 107000 100486 88830

Source: Afrique agricuture (August/sept. 1990) 3. Post harvest losses

The 6th plan estimated a national postharvest loss of 10% for 1984/84

4. Annual national consumption and per capita consumption (1985) ------Annual consumption 105000 tons

Per capita consumption 10.7 kg

Source: Etude de commercialisation des produits vivriers (MIDAS 1986)

66 5. Food products and their consumption rates The common food products from palm oil in Cameroon are palm oil and palm kernels oil and palm kernel cake for animal feed. The consumption rate for palm oil in 1985 as indicated in item 4 above was estimated as 10.7 kg per person.

6. Quantities and forms marketed by region ------Region Form mktd Consumer price Quantities marketed (FCFA)Prov Hdqters 1986 CFA/kg

National Palm oil 401 NA Centre of 440 I Littoral " 372 " S. West " 403 " N. West " 389 " West " 404 o North " 612 " Adamawa " 667 " South " 467 " Source: G. F MIDAS 1986

7. Marketing areas

Palm oil is marketed in all urban and rural markets of the country. It is also exported by the producing corporations to Europe.

8. Existing marketing facilities a) Organizations

Name Location

CDC Bota, SW province PAMOL Lobe, SW province SOCAPALM Souza, Littoral Province SSP EDEA, Littoral b) Storage facilities

Palm oil is traditionally stored in drums and tins by the .sall scale farmers but the producing corporations are equiped with 'arqe tankers for storage.

67 c) Transport facilities

The small-scale producers transport palm oil by head load, animals and hand pushed trucks to the markets. Whole salers use vehicles such as trucks and pick-ups to move the commodity from the producing corportions to consumption centres. Trucks, lorries, tankers and railway facilities are available to the producing corporations

d) Credit facilities

e) Market intelligence and information

S. Existing processing and transformation technologies ------Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities ------Palm oil Traditional • NA Available Modern machines **** NA ------The available improvement possibilities are not widely utilized because of cost limitations.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general production constraints, oil palm production in Cameroon suffers from poor production techniques, inadequate improved planting materials in the traditional sector, and pest/ disease attacks.

68 b) Processing constraints

Limited use of improved processing technologies due to lack of information and high cost of equipment. c) Marketing constraints

The most imprtant constraints in the marketing of palm oil are high transportation and storage costs, low producer prices to the small scale farmers and low distributive profit margins.

11. Export prospects

Even though internal demand for palm oil is often not met by national production, records show that Cameroon exports some oil to other countries.

12. Supporting institutions and Projects:

13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes in the producing areas include: -Developing techniques of reducing postharvest losses -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved seedlings and -improving the marketing of local surpluses

14. Donor and international organizations involved

Donor Activity -World bank Production -CDC(Common Wealth) Production -CIRAD Research and development

69 15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts -CDC, Bota, SW Province -SOCAPALM, Littoral -SSP, Littoral -PAMOL, SW province -Women cooperatives in Muyuka & Kumba, SW province

70 FRUITS

1. scientific name: -

2. National production Forecast

6th Plan National Production forecast for 1990/91 excluding banana was 90000 tons

3. Post harvest losses

Studies undertaken by MINAGRI in 1985 estimated postharvest losses for pineapples at 20% and other fruits excluding banana and pineapples, at 10% (Plan alimentaire a long terme 1985-1995 pg.A/1l)

6. Quantities and forms marketed

Forms marketed Quantities

Fresh fruits NA Juice NA Nectar NA Jam NA Pulp NA Fruit drink NA

7. Marketing areas

Areas Level of activities

-Rural markets High for fresh fruits -Urban markets Very high -Export market High

71 8. Existing marketing facilities

a) Organizations

------Name Location ------OPERA Loum, Littoral province Conserve-Mbanga (Royal Fruit) Douala Vegetable/fruits Coops. Buea & Bamenda

b) Storage facilities Beans are stored in small capacity cribs, Ceiling, mud, bamboo stores in rural brick and areas.Improved stores with higher capacities are used by cooperatives that market beans.

c) Transport facilities The small-scale producers transport their beans by head load, and hand pushed trucks. animals Whole salers use vehicles such as trucks and pick-ups to move the commodity to urban markets. -Poor road infrastructure especially in rural areas.

d) Credit facilities -Very limited credit facilities offered by banks (CAC) and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small farmers. -Most credit obtained from "tontines" or thrift and :,an societies in very small amounts and high interests.

e) Market intelligence and information Even though some market information is collected by ; me institutions and some government services information the availability of !nus to farmers is very limited. However, a recent attemp at this information U1JDP FAO dissemination is still operational .n !%.e West and North West Provinces. b) Storage facilities -Some cold storage facilities are available to processinq firms

72 c) Transport facilities -Vehicles and trucks

d) Credit facilities

-Limited bank loans to producers

9. Existing processing and transformation technologies ------Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product in possibilities FCFA/litre ++ ------Juices Pineapple Machine 381.8 Available Guava Machine 186.5 Available

Nectars Mango Machine 215.0 Available Lemon Machine 283.3 Available Grenadine Machine 361.1 Available Grape Machine 257.6 Available

Jam Pineapple Machine 392.6 Available Mango Machine 357.2 Available Guava Machine 353.6 Available Orange Machine 431.3 Available Pineapple/ mango Machine 379.2 Available ------

The available improvement possibilities are not utilized because of cost limitations.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general production constraints, bean production ir Cameroon suffers from poor farming techniques inadequate improved planting materials, and pest/ disease attacks. b) Processing constraints

Limited use of improved processing technologies due to lack of information, cost limitations and limited products made from beans.

73 c) MarketinQ constraints

The most imprtant constrains in the marketing of beans are high transportation and storage costs, low producer prices and low distributive profit margins.

11. Export prospects

Even though most of this commodity is consumed internally, the proximity of some high consumption zones of neighbouring countries to the production areas provides some export potential.

12. Supporting institutions and Projects:

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase bean farmers' incomes in the producing areas all over the country include: -Developing techniques of reducing postharvest losses -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved seeds and -improving the marketing of local surpluses 14. Donor and international organizations involved

------m------Donor Activity -CRSP(USAID) Research -SAFGRAD Research - m------m------

15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts

-Womens Cooperative Societies, N.W., S.W and West Provinces -CAMFOOD, Yoaunde

74 10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

-Disease and pest problems -Lack of improved varieties and production technology b) Processing constraints

-Limited technologies and high costs per unit -Packaging and storage difficulties -Seasonal and inconsistent supply of raw materials c) Marketing constraints

-Bulkiness -Highly perishable -Seasonality of product -High transportation costs -Low prices during peak seasons -Lack of storage facilities

11. Export prospects

-High

12. supporting institutions

-MINAGRI -IRA

13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved storage, transformation and marketing to increase farmers' incomes include: -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, and -increasing efficiency of production and transformation to augment added values. 14. Donor organizations involved -FAO

75 \\ 15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts

-IRA , Njombe -SAIFO, Bafaussam (UCCAO) -Vegetable/fruit cooperatives in Bamenda and Buea -Savanna, Maroua in Far North province -OPERA in Loum, Littoral province -Conserve-Mbanga (Royal Fruit) in Douala

76 VEGETABLES 1. Scientific name:--

2. National production for 1984 ------Fruit Quantity in tons ------Tomato 42500 Onions 45000 Okro 3040 Other fresh vegetables 350000 ------

3. Post harvest losses

Studies undertaken by MINAGRI in 1985 estimated postharvest losses for tomato at 30%, onions 25%, and dried okro at 25%. (Plan alimentaire a long terme 1985-1995 pg.A/12)

6. Quantities and forms marketed ------Forms marketed Quantities ------Fresh fruit vegetables NA -Leafy vegetables NA -Dried and ground forms -Pepper NA -Cabbage NA -Amaranthus NA -Huckle berry NA -Bitter leaves NA -Garlic NA ------7. Marketing areas

Vegetables are marketed in all rural markets of the producing areas and in most urban markets. Some are exported to neibouring countries and some (green beans) to Europe.

77 8. Existing marketing facilities a) Organizations ------Name Location ------SCAN Foumbot in West Province (for tomato) PROLEG Bafaussam (Green beans by Victor Fotso) Nguevo Michel Foumbot (To can green beans in Bafoussam Vegetable/fruits Coops. Buea & Bamenda SOCAF Bafaussam (for Green beans) FRIGO CAM Douala (for green beans) ------

b) StoraQe facilities

Small farmers have no storage facilities for vegetables. Most vegetables are eaten fresh and only a few dried forms are stored for short periods. Companies that process or package vegetables have some cold storage facilities. c) Transport facilities

The small-scale producers transport their vegetables by head load, animals and hand pushed trucks. Whole salers use vehicles such as trucks and pick-ups to move the commodity to urban markets. The processing companies have appropriate vehicles for transporting the fresh and processed forms. d) Credit facilities

Very limited credit facilities are offered by banks (CAC) and credit organizations (FIMAC) to small farmers. Most credit are obtained from "tontines" or thrift and loan societies in very small amounts and high interests. Processing conpanies have access to bank credit. a) Market intelligence and information

78 9. Existing processing and transformation technologies

Product Technology Degree of Cost/ unit Improvement sophistication product possibilities Dried Drying& packaging ** NA Available Canned Machine NA

The available improvement possibilities are not utilized because of cost limitations.

10. Production, processing and marketing constraints a) Production constraints

In addition to the general crop production constraints, vegetable production in Cameroon suffers from poor production techniques, inadequate improved planting materials, pest/ disease attacks and high cost of production. b) ProcessinQ constraints

Limited use of improved processing technologies due to lack of information, cost limitations and limited products made from each type of vegetable. c) Marketing constraints

The most important constraints in the marketing of vegetables are high transportation and storage costs, low producer prices, lack of storage facilities and bulky nature of some vegetables 11. Export prospects

Even though most of these commodities are consumed internally, the proximity of some high consumption zones of neighbouring countries to the production areas provides some export potential. Some fresh vegetables like green beans are already being exported to Europe.

12. Supporting institutions arI Projects:

79 13. Current policy strategies

Strategies for increased production and improved transformation and storage, marketing to increase bean farmers' incomes in the producing areas all over the country include: -Developing techniques of reducing postharvest losses -Improvement of farmer education -Development and support of small scale farmers -Promoting small and medium scale farm programs, -increasing efficiency of production -developing and producing improved seeds and -improving the marketing of local surpluses 15. Persons and organizations recommended for contacts

-Vegetable/fruit cooperatives in Bamenda and Buea -Mrs Bongadou -SCAN in Foumbot in West Province (for tomato canning) -PROLEG in Bafaussam (Green beans by Victor Fotso) -Nguevo Michel Foumbot (To tin green beans in Bafoussam -Vegetable/fruits -Vegetable Coops. in Buea & Bamenda -SOCAF in Bafaussam (for Green beans) -FRIGO CAM in Douala (for green beans)

80 INVENTORY OF STUDIES ON CAMEROON'S FOOD CROP PRODUCTION, PROCESSING, AND MARKETING

1. PRODUCTION

1. Abdou Namba. 1987. Analyse de la rentabilit6 6conomique des exploitations maisicoles des grandes dimension de l'Adamaoua: Cas de la SODEBLE et MAISCAM, Memoire de fin d'6tuda, ENSA, Centre Universitaire de Dschang.

2. Acquah, E.T. and Nganje, E.W. 1991. An economic Examination of constraintsand opportunities in Yam (Dioscorea spp) production in Fako Division, Cameroon. Paper presented for publication by the Science and Techniques Review of IRA, Cameroon. 3. Ambe, J.T. 1987. Studies of some agronomic practices in a cassava based cropping system in the South-West Province of Cameroon. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

4. AMSCO (African Management Services Company) 1992. Mission MAISCAM, Rapport D6finitif. AMSCO B.V. Amsterdam, Pays-Bas. 5. Atayi, E.A. & Knipscheer, H.C. 1980. Survey of Food-Crop farming Systems in the ZAPI-EST. East Cameroon. IITA/ONAREST. 6. Ay, P; Nounamo, L; Foagnegue; A,. Bernard M; Njo, C. and Mankolo, R. 1986. Farming Systems of the forest zone near Yaounde: Exploratory Survey Results and Progress Report 1986 of the IRA/IITA/IDRC On-Farm Research Project. IRA Yaounde. 7. Ayuk-Takem, J.A. and Atayi, E.A. 1991. The Cereals of Cameroon. Memoires et Traveaux de 1'IRA, IRA Yaounde 8. Bessong, M.T. 1992) Socio-Economic Constraints of food crop production in Humid zones of Cameroon. Lectures compiled by g. Gamze, TLU Ekona, for National Agricultual Extension Training program. Littoral Province, Cameroon PP4-17.

9. Bessong, M.T.; S.W. Almy, and Bakia, B. 1992. Labour Management in land preparation by food crop farmers in Sout-West Cameroon. Paper submitted to WAFSRN for publication.

10. Bessong, M.T. 1989. Economics of Cassava Production in Fako Division, Cameroon. A comparative analysis of local and improved cassava. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

11. Ezumah, H.C.; Poubon, C. and Mboussi, A. 1992. Low Cash input system of food crop production in Humid zones of Cameroon. Lectures compiled by G. Gamze, TLU, Ekona for National Agricultural Extension Program, Littoral Province, Cameroon PP.4-17.

12. Faye, J. 1989. Remarques Introductives a l'Atelier do formation A la m6thodologie de Recherche sur les systemes do proeuction, Centre Universitaire de Dschang. 21 janvier - 3 fevrier 1989, Duchang.

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30.5. Transport, distribution et auto-suffisance alimentaire en Cameroun. Paper presented at the Deuxieme conference des ecoaomistes d'Afrique Centrale June 13-17, 1988. 31. Midas, G.F.S. 1986. Resultats des Enauites Effectues sur les Marches do Vivres, Annex 2, Cameroon. 32. Midas, G.F.S. 1986. Etude de la Commercialisation des produits vivriers: Synthese et Proposition. Rapport principal. Ministare du Commerce et de l'Industrie, Yaoundd, Cameroon. 33. MINAGRI, 1985. The Marketing of staple Food crops in Caeroon. Dept. f Studies & Projects, MINAGRI, Yaounde, Cameroon. MINDIC. 1986 Etude de la commercialization des Produits Vivriers. RAPPORT PRINCIPAL, Mars 1 9 86-123p. Yaound6

34. Muziol M. W. 1976: Resultats de l'enqudte sur la Commercialisation traditionelle des produits vivriers. MIDEVIV. Ministdre do 1'Agriculture, Cameroon.

35. Muziol, M.A. 1976. Resultats de l'enquete sur la commercialisat:.cn traditionelle des produits vivrier. MIDEVIV. Ministdre -e l'Agriculture, Yaounde. 36. Ngah, J. S. 1990. Problems of food Marketing in the North West Province of Cameroon. A case study of the Bamenda Cooperative Vegetable Society (BCVS) Limited 90. Maitrise. 37. Nkwain Sama, J and Ayissi Mball, J.P. 1988. Critical Analysis of t!e relationship between food distribution and t he consumption/nutrition situation in Cameroon. Paper presented at the Deuxieme Conferences des Economistes d'Afriq'4* Centrale, Yaounde, 15-17 juin 1988. 38. Nkwain Sama, J; Ayissi Mballa J.P and Njwe R.M. Undated. Cameroon fcod consumption and consumption projections. USAID, Yaounde. 39. Office Cerealier. 1992. Projet de stabilisation des cours des cereales et de crdation d'un stock de securit6 au Cameroun. Garoua.

40. Omubu, G.E. 1974. The Muyuka Area Cooperative Union Limited. Organizational, Structure and Marketing System. PAID,WA 1974/75. 41. Ongla, J. and Davis, C.G. 1979. Economics of food crop marketing . central Cameroon. CTA Report 1. Center for Tropics. Agriculture, International Programs, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. University of Florida, Florida.

10 42. Ongla, J. 1988. Identification et analyse des contraintes d'ordre Technologique a une commercialization efficiente dea produits vivriers au Cameroun.

43. Ongla, J. 1978. Structure, Conduct and performance of the food crop Marketing system in Cameroon: A Case Study of Yaounde and adjacent areas. Ph.D. Thesis. Dept. of Food and Resource Economics, University of Florida, Gainesville.

44. Popoola, J.D. 1975. Factors Responsible for the Establishment, the operation and Future Expansion of the Kumba Area Women's Cooperative Produce Marketing Society Limited, Buea, PAID/WA 1975/76.

45. Pounice, S. 1984. A comparative study of the marketing of food crops and Exports crops in ZAPI-EST in the Eastern Province of Cameroon. End of studies 'Memoire' ENSA Yaound6, Cameroon.

46. Rassas B, Carroll, R, Johnson A & Ngalani, J 1991. Marketing system and demand for root and tuber crops in Cameroon Project 631 0058 USAID.

47. Roc International, 1984. Etude de l'Approvisionement du Littoral Sud en Produit Alimentaire. Rapport Technique, Juin, 1984.

48. Schwimmrr, B. 1979. The structure and performance of Agricultural Marketing in the North West Province, Cameroon. Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. 49. SODECAO. 1983. La demande et le Marchd des vivres dans les villes du Centre et du Sud. Donndes., Ministdre de l'Agriculture, Yaounde.

50. Tchombe, P. 1982. Marketing of dried corn in Mifi Division of the Western Province of the Republic of Cameroon. Final year Memoire, ENSA, Dschang University Center.

51. Tode, 0. 1974. Problems involved in the formation of a new cooperative society in an African setting - The Formation of the Victoria Foodstuff Marketing Cooperative, Fako Division, South West Province PAID/WA 1974/75. Buea.

52. Wertime, M.B. 1987. Foodcrop Marketing and Women's Cooperative in the North West Province, Republic of Cameroon. A Peace Corps Study.

4. POLICY

1. Agrer. 1988. Secteur Agricole: Rapport final. Mission de Rehabilitation des entreprises du secteur public et para public, MCM/PS. Presidence do la Republic, Yaounde.

2. Ahidjo, A. 1977. Decree NO. 77/430 of 29 October 1977 instituting Public Aid for the installation of Young Farmers in Cameroon. PRC Yaounde.

3. Ajaga Nji, 1991. Farmer-Grazier conflicts in the North West Province of Cameroon: Implications for research and Policy. Proceedings

11 39. Varlet, F. 1992. Relations entre pouvoirs publics et le sector agricole au Cameroun. Memoire + Annexes, Ecole National Supdrieure Agronomique, Montpellier. 40. Williams, T. 1986. The Practices of a Liberal Political Economy: Import and Export substitution in Cameroon, and 1975-1981 in Schatzberry Zarhman ads. Political Economy of Cameroon. Praeger Publishers, New York. 41. Yonta, M. 1989. Politique Agricole et d~veloppement Maraicher au Cameroun: zone Mamicher de Yaounde 74, Maitrise.

5. GENERAL 1. Afrique Agriculture. 1990. Cameroun Agriculture, Lievage, Pdche For~t. Mensuel d'Information agricole, Paris. 2. Agoum, A. 1990. Overview of data on the Agricultural statistics available at Surveys and Agricultural Economic Departments, and Planning MINAGRI, paper presented at the Annual Policy and Planning conferences, 27-28 September 1990, Yaound6. 3. Asongu, N.J. 1989. Impact of Commercial farming on the production and Marketing cf Food Crops in Nweh. Memoire, ENS Yaounde.

4. Arze, J; den Biggelaar, C; Brinkman, W, Frimpong, E., Kinemia, J; Lazaro, E. and Timmermans, M. 1990. Agricultural Research and Extension: A contribution to understanding with of the linkages small scale farmers - A case study in Kumba - corridor Agro-ecological zone, S.W.P. IRA Ekona 5. Belis, J. S. 1998. A quick macro economic analysis for the Agriculture sector. Agricultural management and Planning project, MINAGRI Yaounde. 6. Diop, A. 1992. Programme Integr6 pour la promotion Camerounaise. des PRE Contribution au Rapport pour la concernant partie le secteur Agro-alimentaire vivriers Projet CMR/92/001, FAO Rome. 7. Dongomo, J.L. 1984. Production and Marketing of foodstuffs in Bui Division. Cameroon: An effort in Rural Transformation. Doctorat 3eme Cycle Dept. Geography UNIYAO. 8. Economic and Social Council, 1986. Etude sur les probldmes de production at de distribution des denr~es alimentaire au Cameroun. Yaounde, Cameroon. 9. Eloi, D. 1986. Etude de la production et do la Commercialization de riz au Cameroun. Un test de l'Hypothese de la competitivit6 du riz local 75 Maitrise. 10. Foster, C.J. 1984: Study of OiL Palm Production and Processing in Momo Division. North West Province, Cameroon. 11. IDRC (International Development Research Center). 1983. Tropical Crops. Root Production and Uses in Africa, Proceedings of Second Triennial the Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, Africa Branch, Douala, Cameroon.

14 12. IRA. 1990. Rapport d'Activit6s. Institut de la Recherche Agronomique Yaounde.

13. Jackson, R.; Knauft, D et McDermott, J.K. 1987. Final Evaluation Report, National Cereals Extension Phase I, USAID, Yaoundd.

14. Kayo, F. 1984. La Production et la Commercialization du riz, du sucre et de l'huile de palme au Cameroun. 71, M

15. Lyonga, S.N. 1993. Cassava in Cameroon. A paper read at the Consultative Meeting of ESCAPP project held at Limbe, Cameroon on 25th May 1993 - IRA Ekona.

16. Mbanga, G.D. 1990. Potato Production and Marketing in the Santa Area. Memoire, Department of Economics, University of Yaounde.

17. MINAGRI 1986. Agricultural Survey Department of Agriculture Yaounde. MINAGRI 1987. Agricultural Survey Department of Agriculture Yaounde. MINAGRI 1988. Agricultural Survey Department of Agriculture Yaounde. MINAGRI 1989. Agricultural Survey Department of Agriculture Yaounde. 18. MINAGRI: 1991. Introduction A l'tude sur la definition d'un programme de d~veloppement de la production et de la commercialisation des fruits et legumes au Cameroun. MINAGRI Yaounde.

19. MINAGRI. 1988. An executive guide to the 1984 Agricultural census. Part 1. Farm and Farmer characteristics, farming methods and practices. MINAGRI, Yaounde.

20. MINAGRI. 1980. Bilan Diagnostique du secteur Agricole (1960/1980) Direction Etudes et Projets, Yaounde

21. MINPAT/DP et FAO/PNUD (Undated). Bilans de desponibilit6s alimentaire 1981-86, analyse des resultat et evolution des tendances. MINPAT Yaound6.

22. Monde, C.S. 1979. Appropriate Technology for Rural Women. Buea. PAID/WA 1979/80.

23. Musenja, C.J. 1976. The Ekona Mbenge Food Development Authority Program (FDAP), Buea PAID/WA 1976/77.

24. Nami, B. 1983. Situation of Agriculture in the South West Province. A speech by the Provincial Delegate of Agriculture, South West Province, Buga. 25. NCRE 1990, 1991, 1992. National Cereals Research and Extension Project. Annual Reports NCRE/IRA Yaounde

26. NCRE. 1991. Helping to guarantee a nutritious and sustainable Food Supply for Cameroon. A decade of service and Agricultural Development by the National Cereals Research and Extension Project (NCRE) 1981-1991, IRA, Yaounde. 27. Nguiamba, F. 1977. Commercialization do Produits Vivriers dans le MBAM. LIC. 127 pages. 28. NIVAA. 1988. A feasibility study for establishing a potato company in the North West Province of Cameroon, NIVAA, Holland.

15 29. Nkembi, L. N. 1993. An economic Analysis of potato (solanum tuberosum) production and marketing in Lebialem Division: South Province West of Cameroon. Memoire, Ingdnieur Agronome, University Center of Dschang, Dschang. 30. Nkwain Sama J. and Ayissi Mballa, J. P. 1991. Food Production and consumption in Cameroon with a look to the future. 31. NKUV, V. 1993. Bean Production and Marketing in Kumbo Sub-divison Bui Division. Maitrise Geography UNIYAO. 32. Nyiehtewang, P. 1989. A survey of the technical and economic performance of cocoyam production and marketing in South West Province. Fontem, Memoire, Ing6nieur Agronome degree in Economics. Dschang University Center, Dschang. 33. Pam, F.H. 1989. Food Handling. A case study of Vegetables and Fruit Sellers in Buea Town market. PAID/WA, Buea, 1988/89. 34. Shapiro, D; Tollens, E. and Wyeth P. 1992. Cameroon Agricultural Sector Overview. Prepared for the Agricultural and Rural Development Office USAID Cameroon. 35. Sidiki, S. 1988. Production and Postharvest systems of root and tuber crops and plantains in the North West Province of Cameroon. Field document NO 1. CMR/86/017. FAO, Bamenda. 36. Tah, R.I. 1990. Women Participation in Income Generating Activities. case study A of the Malende Women Cassava Processing group. PAID/WA, Buea 1989/90. 37. Ta'ama, M. Undated. Highlights of 5 years of Cowpea Research ,n Cameroon. Pamphlet IRA/USAID Yaounde. 34. Temgoua, N. 1983. Production et Commercialization de produits de base dans le Menoua. T6, Maitrise. 38. Tezanas du Montreal, H. 1979: "The Plantain-Banana in Cameroon" Fruits ( n French) Handbook of Tropical Foods. Edited by Harvey T, Chan J.V. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York-U.S.A. pp. 307-313. 39. UNDP. Undated. Small-scale soybean production and utilization Pro)ect. UNDP Yaounde. 40. USAID. 1987. A new era for food crop research in Cameroon. USAID Yaounde. 41. Winstel Research & Consulting. 1992. Cameroon Agri-business sectori Constraints and Development Propects. Final Cameroon Report, for USA:D by Winstel Research and Consulting, BP 2937 Douala 42. World Bank. 1989. Camnroon Agricultural Sector Report. Washington D.C. 43. World Bank. 1989a. World Bank Agriculture Operations Occidental Central and Departments. Republic of Cameroon: National Train&nq and Extension Project. Staff Appraisal Report. Washington DC. 44. World Bank. 1989b. Cameroon Agricultural Sector Review. World Bank. Washington DC. 45. World Bank. October 1990. Republic of Cameroon Food Security Project Staff Appraisal Report NO. 9048-CM, Annexes 1-5. Draft

16 confidential. 46...... Nov. 1989. Cameroon Agricultural Sector Report. World Bank Report NO. 7486-CAM Vol.1

,A CONTACT PERSONS 1. Director of IRA 2. Director of IRZ 3. Director of Agric/MINAGRI 4. Director of Animal Industries/MINEPIA 5. Director of Industries/MINDIC 6. Director of Plan/MINPLAN 7. Mokolo Food Market Yaounde 8. Cameroon Food Cooperative Society, Yaound6 9. Muea Food Market, Buea. 10. Makenene Bus Stop 11. Mme Debora Bihfor, Bafut 12. GM MIDENO 13. GM UNVDA 14. Gari Factory Babungo 15. Haroua Food Market 16. Fruit Juice Factory, Maroua 17. Cotton Oil Mill, Maroua 18. Soybean Flour Mill, Bamenda 19. Tools Manfufacturing Factory Bamenda 20. Nso Womens Cooperative Society 21. Credit Agricole du Cameroon 22. Food Manufacturing Plant, Garoua 23. Garoua River Port 24. Kousseri Border Post 25. Feed k.ll, IRZ Wakwa 26. 7RA (Food technology Section) Njombe 27. University of Dachang, Dschang. 28. University of Ngaound~rd, Ngaounddr6

18 ACRONYMS

1. C.D.C. - CAMEROON DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION 2. SOPAPALM - SOCIETE CAMEROUNAISE DE PALMERIE 3. SPFS - SOCIETE DE PALMERAIES DE LA FERME SWISS 4. SODECOTON - SOCIETE DE DEVELOPPEMENT DU COTON 5. SEMRY - SOCIETE D°EXPANSION DE MODERNISATION DE LA RIZICULTURE DE YAGOUA. 6. SIAC - SOCIETE DES INDUSTRIES AGRO-ALIMENTAIRES DU CAMEROUN. 7. SOCAF SOCIETE DE CONSERVERIE AFRICAINE 8. UNVDA - UPPER NOUN VALLEY DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 9. SODEBLE - SOCIETE DE DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA CULTURE DE LA TRANSFORMATION DE BLE. 10. SODERIM - SOCIETE DE DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA RIZICULTURE DANS LA PLAINE DE CEM ii. CIP - INTERNATIONAL POTATO CENTRE 12. CNRCIP - CAMEROON NATIONAL ROOT CROP IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM 13. FAO - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION 14. IITA - INTERNAL INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE 15. IRA - AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE 16. MIDENO - NORTHWEST DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY 17. NCRE - NATIONAL CEREAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION 18. ROTREP - ROOT AND TUBER FOOD CROP RESEARCH PROJECT 19. SODECAO - COCOA DEVELOPMENT COMPANY 20. UCCAO - UNION CENTRALE DES COOPERATIVES AGRICOLES DE L'OUEST 21. USAID - UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 22. SCAN - SOCIETE CONSERVER1E ALIMENTAIRE DU NOUN 23. INIBAP - INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BANANAS AND PLANTAINS 24. MINAGRI - MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE 25. CIRAD - CENTRE DE COOPERATION INTERNATIONALE EN RECHERCHES AGRONOMIQUE POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT 26. CRSP - COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM. 27. UNDP - UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 28. EEC - EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMISSION 29. CCCE - CAISSE CENTRALE DE COOPERATION ECONOMIQUE 30. IFAD - INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 31. SAFGRAD - SEMI ARID FOOD GRINS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 32. FIMAC - FONDS D'INVESTISSEMENT POUR DES MICRO-REALISATION AGRICOLES ET COMMUNAUTAIRES 33. FAC - FONDS D'AIDE ET DE COOPERATION. 34. CAPP - CAMEROON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND PLANNING PROJECT.

GUIDE TO THE LOCATION OF REFERNCES

University of Dschang

Category Numbers of document Production 1, 12, 13, 15, 23, 26, 28, 35, 37, 38, 51. 52 Postharvest technology 5, 33, 44

19 Marketing 1, 5, 6, 11, 16, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 45, 50 Policy 3, 4, 7, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 General 29, 30, 32

IRA Ekona Production 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 36, 55 Postharvest technology 6, 7, 34, 35, 37 Marketing 2, 3, 9, 10, 12 PoU.cy

General 4, 15 IRA Yaoundm

Production 5, 6, 7, 55 Postharvest technology 1, 6, 17, 25, 26, Marketing

5, 12 General

USAID, Yaounde

Production 27, 31 Postharvest technoloov 1, 2, 13, 17, 28, 30, 39, 50, 51 Marketina 13, 20, 22, 25, 26, 46, 52

General 13, 14, 21, 31, 36, 5, 6, 13, 34, 37, 41, 42

MINAGRI

29, 30, 31

I Marketing 32, 35 Policy 23, 35 General 2, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24

IRA-Dschang

Postharvest technology 3, 4, 24, 39

CIP Bamenda

Production 16, 17 Postharvest technology 12, 48 Policy 16, 22 World bank

Policy 8, 9 General 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 University of Yaounde

Production 19, 40 Postharvest technology 19, 15 Marketing 19, 28, 29, 36 Policy 35, 41 General 3, 7, 9, 14, 16, 27, 31, 38

PAID-Buoa

Production 8, 26, 33

Marketing 5, 24, 40, 44, 51 Policy 10 General 22, 23, 33, 36

21 Appendix VI background 0Cameroon

United States Department of State November 1988 Bureau of PublicAffairs

People Flag: Three vertica stripes from left to right-green, red, and yellow-with one Nationality: Nouns and adjective.-Cam-: yellow star centered in red stripe. eroonian(s). Population (1987 est): 10.. y milliqn (60% in rural a'eas). An*I . growth rate: 3.6%. Ethnic groups: 200 Economy tribes. Religions: Christianity, Islam, i5 GDP (1985-86): $11.7 billion. Annual digenous African. Languages: English and growth rate (1987): 7%. Per capita in- French (official), more than 80 Africsx.: come: $1,171. Avg. inflation rate (1987): Education: Years compulsory-none. 12%. Attendance-over 70%. Literacy-65%. Natural resources: Oil (17% of GDP), Health: Infant mortality rate-921,000. natural gas, bauxite, iron ore, timber. Life expectancy--64 yrs. Work force Agriculture (1985, 20.6% of GDP): (19W: Agricultur-70%.Induty and Products-cocoa, coffee, cotton. Arable co7iierce-13%. Tertiary sector-17%. land--2%. Industry (12% of GDP): Types-man- Government ufacturing (1984, 19% of GDP), food proc essing, beverages, tobacco, textiles, shoes. Official Name: ype: Independent republic. Trade (1986): Ezports-41.11 billion: Republic of Cameroon Independence: January 1,1960. petroleum, cocoa, coffee, tropical wood. Branches: Executive-president (head Major markets-Netherlands 27.7%, ofovernmhent andechie-of ste ead France 22.7%, US 1.6%. Imports-41.5 bil of government and chief of state, 5-year lion: intermediate goods, capital goods, term). Legilatiy( -unicameral National fuel and lubricants, foodstuffs, beverages, PROFILE Jubers,Assembly (180 m 5-year terms). tobacco. Major suppliers-France 42%, Judicial-Supreme Court. US 7%, FRG, Japan. Geography provinces.Administrative subdiviions: 10 FrenchOfficial franc, exchange which floats rate: against 50 CFA the to USone party: Cameroon People's dollar. Area: 475,439 sq. km. (183,568 sq. mi.); Political about the size of California. Cities: Capital Democratic Movement (CPDM or RPDC). Fiscal year: July 1-June 30. -Yaounde (pop. 700,000). Other cities- Suffrage: Universal adult. Douala (850,000), Nkongsamba (110,000), Central government budget (1987-88): Bafoussam (95,000), Garoua (85,000). 650 billion francs CFA (Communaute Fi. Membership in International Terrain: Northern plains: central and nanciere Africaine) ($2.32 billion balanced, Organizations southern plateaus; western highlands and and an 18.75% decrease in CFA terms over UN and some of its specialized agencies, mountains: coastal plains. Climate: the 1986-87 budget). Organization of African Unity (OAU), Northern plains-semiarid and hot (7- Defense (1987-88): 11.2% of budget. Customs and Economic Union of Central month dry season). Centralplateau- Africa (UDEAC), Lake Chad Basin Corn cooler, shorter dry season. Southwest- mission (LCBC), INTELSAT, associate year-round rainfall. Coastal lowlands- member of European Community (EC). warm and humid year round. N'D)AMENA 12 Rold i...

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2- C)\ GEOGRAPHY traditional African religions, and Mus- southern parts., but its position was re lirs and Christians are influenced by jected. On June 1, 1961, the northern The Republic of Cameroon, referred to these beliefs. area was attached to Nigeria. On Oc as the "hinge" of Africa, is in the west- tober 1,1961, reunification of the south ern part of the continent on the Gulf of ern part with French Cameroon Guinea, about midway between Senegal HISTORY occurred, and the new Federal Republic and the Republic of South Africa. of Cameroon was born. Cameroon has four distinct topo- European contact with the area began From 1961 until the spring of 1972, graphical regions. in the 1500s with the voyage of the Por- Cameroon was governed as a federa tuguese navigator Fernando Po. tion, with East (former French) Cam " In the south is a low coastal plain Throughout the rext three centuries, eroon and West (former British) with equatorial rain forests. Spanish, Dutch, and British traders Cameroon having individual govern * In the center is a transitional visited the area. The slave trade, while ments, each with a parliament and min plateau. reaching elevations of 1,372 it lasted, was active along the Cam- istries, in addition to the federal meters above sea level eroonian coast. Religious mission set- government structure. including Mt. Cameroon, an active tlements began to appear in the In 1972, President Ahidjo proposed ests, nd ig t ak insub- mid-1800s and have been active ever abolition of the federal structure. He volcaand the highest peak in sub- since. declared that the cost and inefficiency Saharan West Africa at 4,100 meters Modern Cameroonian history began of the system were slowing the coun (13,aToft.). in July 1884, when Germany, the try's progress toward national identity. •The north consists of low, rolling United Kingdom, and France all at- Moreover, 11 years' experience since in savanna gradually sloping down to a tempted to annex the area. The Ger- dependence had ensured that regional desert basin/marshland surrounding man Consul at Tunis, Tunisia, was the interests would be well protected under Lake Chad. first to arrive and, in a treaty with the the national government. A referendum The climate is as varied as the to- kings of Douala, brought Cameroon un- held on May 20, 1972, gave widespread pography. The coast has high tern- der German control. endorsement to the proposal, and a peratures and humidity throughout the Over the years, Germany strength- June 2 decree proclaimed the United year, as well as one point with the sec- ened its claim and expanded its ter- Republic of Cameroon in existence ond highest annual rainfall (1,150 cm.- ritory by various treaties with the since the May 20 referendum. On Janu 460 in.) in the world. Inland, and to the United Kingdom and France, but in ary 25, 1984, the National Assembly ap north, the temperature fluctuates sea- 1914 British and French armies invaded proved a constitutional amendment sonally, and the humidity declines, the German colony. A declaration changing the official name to simply the while in the extreme north the air is signed at London in 1919 divided Cam- Republic of Cameroon. very dry. eroon between the United Kingdom and France, with the larger, eastern area transferred to French possession. The GOVERNMENT PEOPLE division was sanctioned in 1922 under a League of Nations mandate. The constitution that came into effect Located in the geographical and ethnic French Cameroon refused to accept with the united state on May 20, 1972, crossroads of Africa, Cameroon has a the armistice that followed the fall of provides for a strong executive author complex of about 200 tribes speaking France in 1940. Gen. Charles de ity. The president is empowered to more than 80 major African languages. Gaulle's envoy, Col. Jacques Le Clerc, name and dismiss members of the cabi It is the only African nation where both landed at Douala in August and seized net, negotiate and ratify treaties, ac French and English have been given of- the territory for the Free French. credit ambassadors, commute ficial status. About four-fifths of the Troops trained in Cameroon later saw sentences, exercise pardon, and lead Cameroonians live in the French-speak- action in North Africa and Syria. the armed forces. When circumstances ing eastern part of the country. Some In 1946, the French and British warrant, the president can decree a 20,000 Europeans and 800 U.S. citizens mandates over the territory were con- state of national emergency and become reside in Cameroon. The main seaport verted by the United Nations into invested with special powers. and largest city is Douala; the capital, trusteeships. In December 1958, the In the event of the death or perma Yaounde, is the second largest city. UN General Assembly voted to end the nent incapacity of the president, the By African standards, Cameroon's French Trusteeship, and on January 1, speaker of the National Assembly be educational system is unusually exten- 1960, Cameroon achieved independence comes acting president for a period of sive. In 1961, the government estab- as the Republic of Cameroon. 20-40 days while new elections are lished the University of Yaounde, the In February 1961, the British held held. first African university to offer courses a plebiscite in the British Cameroons, The first National Assembly under in both French and English. Branch under UN auspices, to determine the new constitution was elected in May campuses also have been established in whether the people wished union with 1973. Laws are adopted by majority Ngaoundere in the north and Dschang Nigeria or with the new Republic of vote of members present, except cases in the West, as well as in Douala. Cameroon. The voters in the two north- in which the preside, of the republic Muslims are concentrated in the ern sections chose to join Nigeria; calls for a second reading, and then north and Christians in the south. those in the southern section, Cam- adoption requires approval by a major Nearly half of the population practice eroon. Cameroon contended that the ity of the assembly's membership. The total vote of the British Cameroonians should decide the issue, rather than the separate vote of the northern and Yaounde, situated In a lush hilly region, has a relatively mild climate during most of the year.

National Education-Georges Nganio formal legislative body is the Na- Principal Government Officials only Labor and Social Welfare-Jean-Be,t-i tional Assembly. acAsse President-Paul Biya Bokam Each of the 10 provincial govern- President of the National Assembly- Public Health-Joseph Mbede ments consists of a governor, appointed Lawrence Fonka Shang Commerce and Industry-Joseph staff. Each province isdivided admin- Director of the Civil Cabinet-Adolphe Tsanga Abanda istratively into divisions and subdivi- Moudiki Higher Education and Scientific Re sions. The internal administrative Secretary General-Paul Tessa search-Abdoulaye Babale Territorial Administration-Ibrahim system is under the Ministry of Ter- Ministers of State Booh Mbomo Njoya Administration. Other minis- External Affairs-Jacques Roger ritorial Social and Women's Affairs-Yaou may have representatives at each Booh tries, Boubakary Aissatou level. Armed Forces--Michel Meva'a administrative Livestock, Fisheries, and Animal system follows the M'Emboutou The judicial Husbandry-Hamadjoda Adju, levels. At the top Justice, Keeper of the Seals--Benjamin same administrative and Culture-Henn and his judicial ad- Itoe Information are the president Bandolo (Supreme Court). In descending Plan and Regional Development-Eliz- visers Youth and Sports--Joseph Fofe rank are the appeals courts, chief abeth Tankeu at the Mines, Water, and Power-Franc'. judges for the divisions, and local Minister in Charge of Missions Presidency-Ogork Ebot Ntui Nkwain magistrates. Posts and Telecommunications In addition to the formal govern- Other Misters mental structure, traditional kingdoms Agriculture-John Niba Ngu Public Works and Transport- A and organizations exercise various func- Civil Service and State Inspection- P Tchepannou tions of government among tribal Joseph Owona Town Planning and Housing-our i groups. Tribal laws and customs are Finance-Sadou Hayatou nand Leopold Oyono honored in the formal court system Ambassador to the United Stat.- when not in conflict with national law. Pondi Formal governmental and tribal struc- Ambassador to the United Na.. tures are mutually reinforcing, while al- Paul Bamela Engo lowing for local variation based on tribal or regional customs. Cameroon maintains an emt,, in the United States at 2349 M.t. sachusetts Avenue NW., Washit , D.C. 20008 (tel. 202-265-8790,

4 POLITICAL CONDITIONS 1980. In November 1982, he resigned and was succeeded by Primewith Ministerthe Further Information The two major political parties, former Paul Biya, in accordance President Ahidjos Cameroonian Union constitution. These titles are provided as a general mdi. (UC) in East Cameroon and the Ka- On January 14, 1984, President cation of material published on this coun merun National Democratic Party Biya received his own mandate from try. The Department of State does not (KNDP) in the West, controlled their the people, and on January 25, 1984, endorse unofficial publications. respective state assemblies and delega- the position of prime minister was abol- Beti, Mongo. King Lazurus. London: tions in the Federal National Assembly ished. In April 1984, elements of the Heinemann, 1970. upon reunification in October 1961. In Republican Guard (the presidential se- . The Poor Christ of Bomba. April 1962, they joined to form one par- curity force) attempted to overthrow London: Heinemann, 1971. liamentary group in support of the gov- the government, but tht army re- Coleman, James and Carl Rosber, eds. ernment and in the interest of national mained loyal and put down the coup PoliticalPartiesand National Inte unity. Opposition parties continued to attempt. Since then, President Biya has gration in Tropical Africa. Berkeley: exist, although they were not repre- worked to consolidate his position, University of California Press, 1964. culminating in the Fourth Party Con- International Monetary Fund. Surveys of sented in the federal National African Economies. Vol. 1. Wash Assembly. gress, which took place inMarch 1985. ington, D.C., 1968. President Ahidjo long maintained During the Congress, the party Johnson, Willard. The Cameroon F.dera. that a single "unified" party was neces- changed its name to the Cameroon Peo- lion: Political Integrationin a Frag. sary to create national unity out of ple's Democratic Movement (CPDM, or mentary Society. Princeton: Princeton tribal diversity and to promote develop- Reassemblement Democratiquedu Peu- University Press, 1970. ment of the country. He maintained ple Cameroonmse, RPDC). Based on . "The 'Union des Populations that democracy could be preserved reforms undertaken during the Con- du Cameroun' in Rebellion: The Inte within the single-party concept. The gress, Cameroon has embarked on a grative Backlash of Insurgency". program, which per- Protest and Power in Black Africa. leading opptionleain op6Wonpatyin party in Eastas Cam-Cm- "democratization"demNew York: Oxford University Press, croon supported the President in the mits the party to put forth multiple 1970. 1965 elections, and the main opposition lists of candidates, thus giving voters Le Vine, Victor T. The Cameroon Federal party in the West allied with the the opportunity to choose between Republic. 2d ed. Ithaca: Cornell Uni KNDP in the state government in Au- party approved candidates. This systejp versity Press, 1971. gust 1965. The President's objective was was used in.the 1987 municipal electionw Oyono, Ferdinand. The Old Man and the realized on September 1, 1966, when and in the 1988 National Assembly - Medal. London: Heinemann, 1967. the three West Camerooni& political elections. Rubin, Neville. Cameroon:An African parties and the UC were do Federation.New York: Praeger, 1971. a single new party-the Cameroon Na- Available from the Srintendent of Doc tional Union (UNC)--was formed. On ECONOMY uments, US Government Printing Office, September 8, 1966, two of the three Washington, DC 20402: small East Cameroonian parties also Cameroon has benefited from sustained American University. Area Handbookfor joined the new UNC. " economic growth since its independence the United Republic of Cameroon. From 1955 until the mid-1960s, in 1960. During the last 10 years, Cam- 1974. Cameroon was subjected to sustained eroon has averaged a 6%-7% annual in- U.S. Department of State. Cameroon Post terrorist activity, led by the outlawed crease in gross domestic product. Its Report. December 1987. Union of Cameroon Peoples (UPC) and per capita income-1,171 in 1987-is For information on foreign economic supported by foreign communist and one of the highest in Africa and puts trends, commercial deve opment, produc African regimes. Terrorism Cameroon squarely in the "middle-in- tion, trade regulations, and tariff rates, radical contact the International Trade Admin gradually was reduced to isolated ban- come" category of developing countries. istration, US Department of Commerce, ditry. The capture of the last important Nevertheless, a decline in the market Washington, DC 20230 or any Commerce rebel leader in 1970 signaled the end of price of its principal export com- Department district office. concerted rebel action and the effective modities-especially oil-and a result achievement of political consolidation. ing domestic liquidity crisis have hurt Political life in the country today the economy. The government has in finds its expression in the Cameroon stituted an austerity program to bring diversity of products has helped Cam People's Democratic Movement public expenditures into line with re- eroon withstand the effects of sudden (CPDM). The youth and women's orga- duced revenues, fluctuations in world prices for individ nizations function as divisions of the Cameroon's petroleum sector, while ual tropical agricultural products. party, and a unified labor movement small by international standards, pro- In an effort to maintain food self (UNTC) is less formally associated with duces 60% of its export earnings and sufficiency and to improve production of it. Party membership and voting in has played a significant role in its rapid cash crops, the government has made elections are not obligatory but are economic growth. Despite this, agri- agriculture the focus of its most recent important. The most recent legislative culture remains the mainstay of the 5-year economic plan. The government elections were held in 1983 with the economy. Cameroon is agriculturally provides credit, fertilizers, and insec CPDM providing the list of candidates. self-sufficient and employs nearly 70% ticides and is improving marketing pro President Ahidjo, reelected unopposed, of its work force in the agricultural sec- cedures. Cocoa, the traditional cash began his fifth 5-year term in May tor. Its major cash crops-coffee, cocoa, crop, is still grown on family farms; and timber-produced 23% of export other crops are organized largely on a revenues in 1986. Other significant ex- plantation basis. port crops include bananas, rubber, cot ton, peanuts, and palm oil. This

5 roads also link Douala to Yaounde and Yaounde to Bafoussam. Electric power production, which provides about 8 017( of Cameroon's en ergy needs, has grown steadilv. In Feb ruary 1978, after several years of exploration, Cameroon became a mod est oil producer. An oil refinery was opened at Limbe (Victoria), Southwest Province, in May 1981. The 40,000 bar rel-per-day capacity refinery produces d enough to meet domestic needs as well as some for export. Although oil cur rently accounts for nearly 60% of Cam eroon's export earnings, production from present fields has declined and is expected to continue to drop steadily in the late 1980s.

Trade and Investment Official estimates of Cameroon's balance of payments-especially of petroleum exports, capital movements, and serv ices--are conflicting and subject to un derreporting of oil revenues. The U.S. Embassy and the International Mone tary Fund estimate that Cameroon S"'maintained an improving balance-of payments position through the first half of the decade, mainly due to oil export revenues. Lower world oil prices and reduced production led to a trade defi cit in 1986 that is not expected to im prove in the near future. Petroleum is the single most impor tant export, comprising about 60% of export revenues in 1986. Agricultural commodities, such as cocoa, coffee, and wood, are other important sources of export earnings. Notwithstanding the low prices for such products, they pro vided a greater proportion of export Unification Monument in downtown Yaounde. earnings in 1986 than in previous years due to the lower petroleum revenues. Other traditional agricultural exports include cotton, rubber, and bananas. Cameroon has a relatively small development project, had linked France remains Cameroon s largest manufacturing sector (12% of 1986 Ngaoundere in north-central Cameroon trading partner, supplying 42 of Cam- GDP). About 200 small manufacturing, with the port of Douala. Upgrading the croon's imports in 1985. Nevertheless, processing, and assembly plants pro- original, 50-year-old portion oetween the Netherlands re laced France as duce consumer goods. Douala and Yaounde began in late 1975, Cameroon's largestpcerance as Thero'slrgs customer by taking The country's physical infrastruc- and was completed in mid-1987. The 28% of Cameroon's exports. The ture is being improved gradually, but Port of Douala, which handles nearly all States provided only 7% of importsUnited and severe bottlenecks have resulted. Prog- of Cameroon's traffic, was expanded re- 1.6% of exports in 1985. Other trading ress is being made in improving the cently, and the internal road system is national transportation system, but being improved and expanded. Cur- atn ine ntem Italy much of the country is still inaccessible rently, paved roads include "links" bean Japan. Machinery and chemicals during the rainy season. Vast forests in tween Kousseri-Maroua (Mokolo)- were the principal U.S. exports to the south and east have been opened to Garoua-Ngaoundere in the north, Bafia- imports were ofe,woloa, principo exploitation, but transportation prob- Yaounde-Sangmelima in the south, and anptcrude oil. lems are slowing the expansion of the Edea-Douala (Limbe)-Bafoussam Economic progress, realistic and timber industry. (Foumban)-Bamenda in the west. Paved moerate government policies, a favor. By 1975. the TransCameroonian able investment code, anti a well.con- Railway, the countrys most important ceived development plan make

6 Cameroon attractive for foreign invest ment. which has been primarily Travel Notes French. The government encourages other foreign private investment; and in Climate and clothing: )uring the dry good. Cameroon is six time zones aheail of 1967, it concluded an investment guar- season (mid-Novemher-mid-March). the air eastern standard time and does not oh anty agreement with the United States is dusty, and washable clothing is most serve daylight saving time. as further inducement to potential U.S. practical. In the rainy season, a light wrap investors. A bilateral investment treaty or sweater may be needed. In Yaounde, the Transportation: Several major airlines was signed in 1986 but has not yet been daily temperature can vary from a high of connect Douala and Yaounde to European ratified by the U.S. Senate. 30 1 (86 °F) to a low of 14 'C(57 'F). and African cities. Cameroon has a good e bdomestic transportation system, with As a result of Cameroon's mem- Customs: Travelers must obtain an entry trains, buses, and planes connecting major bership in the Ban que des Elats des, visa before arrival, unless coming from a points. Taxis are available in Yaounde. L'A.frique Centrale, remittance of earn- country without a Cameroon Embassy, in Douala, and other major cities. ings and repatriation of capital are al- which case an airport visa can be obtained. most unrestricted. Depending on the All visitors must carry return/onward tick- Tourist attractions: Waza and leioue magnitude and the contributions that ets. Transit visitors may enter without a game parks in the north; Museum of Af the proposed investment makes to visa. upon presentation of proper docu- rican Art in Bamenda; beaches at Kribi ments, if they continue their journey on and Limbe; Chefferie, a reconstructed Cameroon's development, a new indus- the first available means of transportation native village, and the Sultan's Palace at trial or agricultural undertaking may toward their country of destination. Foumban; aclimb up Mt. Cameroon. enjoy one of four categories of benefits National holidays: Business establish- under the code. These benefits include Health: Tapwater is not potable; boil and Ntoa oias uiesetbih filter water for cooking and drinking. Thor- ments and the US Embassy may be closed exemptions from import duties and oughly wash or peel raw fruits and vegeta- on the following Cameroonian holidays: taxes on equipment and raw materials, bles. Vaccination certificates against yellow New Year's Day January I reduced export duties, exemptions from fever and cholera are required, and vac- Youth Day February 11 internal consumption and income taxes, cinations against tetanus, typhoid, para- Good Friday * varies and guarantees that firms will not be typhoid, polio, and hepatitis are Labor Day May 1 subject for specified periods (up to 25 recommended. Health requirements Ascension Day varies years) to any new taxes or duties that change; check latest information. National Day May 20 might be enacted after the investment Telecommunications: Local telephones in Assumption Day August 15 is made. Yaounde and Douala have automatic dialing End of Ramadan varies systems. International telephone service is Fete du Mouton varies Economic Assistance Christmas Day December 25

Foreign financial assistance is impor tant to Cameroon's development. France has been the principal aid do- been seeking closer ties with other na- The armed forces number 8,000-9,000 nor. The United States has provided bi- tions, including the United States and personnel in ground, air, and naval lateral economic assistance to the Federal Republic of Germany. Cam- service, the majority in ground forces. Cameroon since independence. Major eroon also is an associate member of U.S. military assistance to Cameroon projects that have received U.S. as- the European Community under the for FY 1987 was $250,000 in military sistance are the TransCameroonian Lome Convention 11 (1980) and belongs education and training. Railway, the Kumba-Mamfe Road, and to the Customs and Economic Union of the University Center for Health Central Africa, the United Nations, the Sciences. Organization of African Unity, the Lake U.S.-CAMEROONIAN RELATIONS Chad Basin Commission, the Non aligned Movement, and INTELSAT. U.S.-Cameroonian relations are excel FOREIGN RELATIONS Although diplomatic relations with lent. In February 1970, William P. communist countries began cautiously Rogers became the first Secretary of Cameroon's nonaligned and moderate in the mid-1960s because of communist State to visit Cameroon. Secretary of foreign policy and its record of stability support for Cameroonian terrorists, re- Commerce Malcolm Baldridge and Sec and progress have brought increasing lations have been established in recent retary of Agriculture John Block led a stature to Cameroon in Africa and in years with an increasing number of U.S. trade delegation to Cameroon in multinational forums. Like other Af- communist states, since the rebel cause January 1982. Former President Ahidjo rican countries, in recent years Cam- and its foreign support dwindled. Eco- made official visits to the United States eroon has espoused positions nomic and cultural cooperation agree- in March 1972 and July 1982, as well as underlining its nonalignment and adher- ments have been signed with several, informal visits in 1963, 1967, and 1969. ence to Third World principles. Its con- including the U.S.S.R., China, and the President Biya paid an official visit to demnation of South Africa and support German Democratic Republic. the United States in February 1986, for majority rule in Namibia have been while Secretary of State George P. consistent and emphatic. Shultz visited Cameroon in January Cameroon has close ties to France DEFENSE 1987. and has signed a number of accords The United States has operated an with that country in economic, military, The Cameroonian military has tended economic assistance program in Cam and cultural cooperation. In an effort to to be an apolitical force dominated by croon since 1961 and a Peace Corps pro diversify its contacts, Cameroon has civilian control. Traditional dependence gram since 1962. The U.S. Agency for upon French defense capability is being replaced by reliance on domestic forces. International Development (AID) pro- as well as by visits of Fulbright-Hays B.P. 817, Yaounde. The U.S. Consulate vides about $20 million annually in scholars and specialists in various General is at 21 Avenue General de assistance, and its activities have con- fields. Gaulle, Douala (tel. 237-42-53-31/42 centrated increasingly on agriculture, 60-03; telex: 5233KN), B.P. 4006, public health, education, and develop- Principal U.S. Officials Douala. U ment of human resources. In addition, about 160 Peace Corps volunteers work Ambassador-Mark L. Edelman Published by the United States Department in Cameroon. primarily in developing Deputy Chief of Mission-Edward P. of State* Bureau of Public Affairs • Office cooperatives and inland fisheries and Brynn of Public Communication • Editorial Divi English. Economic/Commercial Officer-Janet R. sion* Washington, D.C. , November 1988 in teaching Adams Each year, the U.S. Government Malkemes Editor: Juanita invites prominent Cameroonian Govern- AID Regional Development Officer- Department of State Publication 8010 ment officials, media representatives, Jay P. Johnson Background Notes Series • This material is educators, and scholars to visit the Political Officer-Roger J. Moran in the public domain and may be reproduced United States to become better ac- Public Affairs Officer (USIA)--James without permission; citation of this source quainted with the American people and M. Haley would be appreciated. to exchange ideas andAmercan Aoutviews withdoen ollague. their DefenseHyesForAttache-Lt. Col. Scott L. sale by the Superintendent of Docu American colleagues. About a dozen Hayes ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Cameroonian graduate students are Peace Corps Director-Steven Taylor Washington, D.C. 20402 supported by the U.S. Government. Consul General, Douala-William This cooperative effort in understand- Gaines ing is furthered through frequent visits The U.S. Embassy in Cameroon is to Cameroon by representatives of U.S. located on Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde (tel. business and educational institutions, 237-23-40-14/23-05-12; telex: 8223KN),

8 *U.S. Gove trnt.ut Printins Office : 1988 •.'l : I '2 THE 10 PROVINCES OF CAMEROON

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BUALITTORA sBlrOU, 0 Appendix VII

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS AND GROUPS IN THE SUSTAIN FOOD PROCESSING/MARKETING ASSESSMENT - OCTOBER 3-8, 1993

Names Address/Tel. Company/ Products

Institution MEMBERS

John McMahon B.P. 817 USAID/Cameroon Yaounde Tel. 23-05-81

Peter Mbianyor B.P. 817 Yaounde Tel. 23-05-81 USAID/Cameroon

Festus Numfor Food Technolo gist, IRA Ekona IRA/MINREST Roots and Tubers P.M.B. 25 Buea

Bruce Hamaker Dept. of Food Sc. SUSTAIN Food Technology Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47905, USA

Jerry Brown USAID/AFRZONI/ USAID/ PSD AFRtONI/PSP Agric. Business Room No. 210 Unit 1111 N. 19th St. Rossyln, Va 22209 USA

Arnold E. Denton 6 Walnut Court SUSTAIN Vo- Technical Moorestown lunteer Assistance N.J. 08057-1809 U.S.A.

1. FOUMBOT - 10/3/93

Daniel Yollo SCTC, B.P. 299 Societe Cam. Maize and Wheat Foumbot De Transf. Tel. 44-66-02 Des Cereales

Jacques Guillemot PROLEG S.A. PROLEG S.A. Green Beans B.P. 90 Bandjoun - 2 -

Names Address/Tel. Company/ Products Institution

A 2. BAZENDA - 9o4MD 7/ &B6 qfitcjgvTs - 10/4/93

Michael Boyo P.O. Box 5 Not Yet Kankon- Bamenda Established Tel. 36-11-66

Alfred Ndi E.N.S. Bambilli Private Roots and Tubers Tel. 36-18-57 Farmer

Tatah Sabastian P.O. Box 434 SEDEPRO Production and, Bamenda (Self Dev. Marketing Fax 36-39-21 Program) NGO

Kenne Andreas B.P. 87 Automatic Rice Processing Bamenda Rice Mill

David Munkefor B.P. 117 Vegetable Production/Marketing Bamenda Coop. Society Ltd.

Vincent Tekum Box 257 Growth Pro- Soybeans, Cereals Bamenda ducts Enter- and Root Processing Tel. 36-25-46 Prise (GPE Fax 36-21-11 Agro. Indus tries

Jonathan Agwe Post-Harvest DIRAGRI Roots, Tubers and Food Systems Cereals P.B. 281 Bamenda

Rose Wanzie Delegation of Roots, Tuber:s and Agriculture (FAO) DIRAGRI Cereals

Victor Deffo IRA, Bambui IRA/MINREST Roots and Tubers B.P. 80 Bamenda

Christopher Forgwe Box 252 INADES For- Saundry Food Items Bamenda mation

Grace Ngafor Box 100 Nacho Compre- Green Beans Bamenda hensive College

Pauline Malu Educare Center Mundani Roots and Tubers Women's Group

Forba Bongfen GTHS Bamenda (Private) -3-

Names Address/Tel. Company/ Products Institution

Simon Zibo IPAR/GTTC IPAR/GTTC Pupil Groups P.O. Box 468 Bamenda George Mbah P.D. A. Bamenda Guiness Drinks Cameroon Niba Tafor PEM-MIDENO MIDENO Extension Service Bamenda Bamenda Mboh Michael Pioneer Soya Bean Pioneer Soy- Soya Bean Seeds Processing Unit bean Proces- and Flour B.P 5038, Bamenda sing Unit Tel. 36-25-36 Felicia Yensin Nso Women Coop. Cooperative Roots and Cereals B.P. 46, Bamenda Monica Saka Nso Women Coop. Cooperative Roots and Cereals B.P. 46, Bamenda

Mbakwa Godfred Delegation of Post Harvest Roots and Cereals Agric. Food Loss Reduction Project Koi Joseph Inter. Potato IRA, Bambui Sweet Potatoes Center B.P. 279 Bamenda Foncho Margaret Pee Meg Enter- Potatoes Potatoes prise Project Felix Ngwafor Pee Meg Company Potatoes Agro-Chemicals P.O. Box 568 Project Bamenda

Tanyi Christine CamCCUL Ltd. CAMCCUL S a v i n g s a n d Credit to Farmers Robert Tchoutat CamCCUL Ltd. CAMCULL Savings and Credit to Farmers Wanki Samuel UNVDA Development Rice, Maize, B.P. 25 Cooperation Soybeans Ndop Charles Yamoah NCRE/IRA IITA/USAID Maize Research B.P. 80 Bamenda

X -4-

Names Address/Tel. Company/ Products Institution

Tata William NWCA Ltd. Northwest Co- Arabica and B.P. 41 operative Robusta Coffee Bamenda Association Ltd.

Bantar Paul NWCA, Bamenda Adminis- Arabica and trative Robusta Coffee Assistant

3. UNIVERSITY OF DSCHANG - 10/5/93

Njikam Njifutie Vice Rector University Administrator of Dschang

Ayissi Mballa Asst. Prof. University Lecturer Dept. of Econs. of Dschang Tel. 45-19-25

Nkain Sama Asst Professor University Lecturer Dept. of Econs. of Dschang B.P. 22, Dschang Tel. 45-13-55

Mlathias Fonteh Asst. Professor University Lecturer Dept. of Enginee- of Dschang ring Tel. 45-17-01

Tsannang David Cadre D'entreprise Cooperative Credit and Loan Coop. CAPLAME; B.P. 130 Tel. 45-11-25

Joyce Endeley Senior Lecturer University Lecturer Extension Dept. of Dschang/ C/o Dr. Endeley University of Buea Tel. 32-23-50) Names Address/Tel. company/ Products Institution

4. IRA - NJOMBE - 101193

Tchango Jean Agric. Technolo- IRA/Njombe Roots and Tubers gist, IRA/Njombe MINREST B.P. 13, Njombe Tel. 42-71-29

Mpondo Ticky Food Techologist IRA/Njombe Roots and Tubers IRA - Njombe HINREST

5. DOUALA l&Ie 7ALJ f FCpIwAAT- - 10/6/93

Bomia Philomene Delegation of MINAGRI Agric. Specialist Agriculture B.P. 257 Douala

Wamba Guy-J Delegation of MINAGRI Agric. Specialist Agriculture B.P. 257, D'la

Djilemo Louis Delegation of MINAGRI Agric. Specialist Agriculture B.P. 257, D'la kyukegba Peter Delegation of MINAGRI Provincial Delegate Agriculture of Agric. Littoral B.P. 257, D'la

Djatche Emmanuel B.P. 921 MINAGRI Agric. Engineer

Ekabouma Marie- SOTEMA SOTEMA Promotrice Claire B.P. 752 Douala Tel. 42-16-21 riky-Mpondo IRA Njombe MINREST Roots and Tubers B.P. 13 Njombe rchango Jean IRA Njombe MINREST Roots and Tubers B.P. 13 Njombe

)obill Marcel B.P. 1365 Jardin de Roots and Tubers Douala Massoumbou Fax 42-39-16 -6-

Names Address/Tel. Company/ Products Institution

Rose Simo .B.P. 15244 Rose-chic- Food Crop Chips Tel. 43-14-77 Chips Fax 43-14-78

Sankeu Roger B.P. 6102 Camfruits vruit juice Douala Tel. 42-48-06

Njoyum Samuel B.P. 8063 SOCATRAFNA Transformation of DoualaTel. Fruit juice 40-31-03

Egbe Peter CRTV, Douala

Gaston Wafo Photographer Presse le Reporter B.P. 935 Combattant Douala

Mibgo Luc SOTEMA SOTEMA Reporter B.P. 752 Douala Tel. 42-16-21

Otele Joseph-Marie SOTEMA SOTEMA Reporter B.P. 752 Douala Tel. 42-16-21

Ngenefeme Tendo B.P. 1443 Pharmacy Farmer Douala Mondial Tel. 40-24-92 Fax 40-24-92 6. LIMBE 0 AB y IT - 10/7/93

Paul Swinner Polyworks Polyworks Processing and B.P. 142 Marketing Limbe Tel. 32-24-19

Meboka Mary ROTREP/IRA MINREST Roots and Tubers B.P. 25 Buea

Robert Dadson ROTREP/IRA MINREST Roots and Tubers B.P. 25 Buea

Gobina Simon ROTREP/IRA MINREST -7-

Names Address/Tel. Company/ Products Institution

Manfred Besong TLU-IRA MINREST Food Crops Ekona Tel. 32-22-23

Mbu Rhoda Mbu's Brother's Business Lady Garri Processing Enterprise B.P. 337 Limbe Tel. 33-22-11

Tume Emmanuel -Delegation of FAO/UNDP Food Crops Agriculture Post-Harvest B.P. 10, Buea

Ojong 0. Emmanuel Divisional Trea- Limbe Trea- Farming Prospects surer, Limbe sury

Fonkem Rebecca O.I.C. Buea O.I.C. Women's Group B.P. 57 Tel. 32-25-86

Bakia Besong SOWEDA SOWEDA Food Crops B.P. 336, Buea

Marvin Burns ROTREP Ekona USAID/Ekona Food Crops ROTREP

Poubon Christine TLU/IRA Ekona IRA/Ekona Food Crops

7. EKONA FARMERS GROUP - 10/07/93 Ekona Garri Garri Coop. Garri Processing Processing Group -8-

Names Address/Tel. ComRany/ Products Institution

8. BATOKE FARMERS GROUP - 10/7/93

Ayafor Peter Batoke Water-Fufu Water-Fufu Water-fufu Processing Group Cooperative Processing

9. CAMFOOD MARKET COOP. - 10/9/93

Maximuangu J. President CAMFOOD Food Crop Sales CAMFOOD Market Cooperative, Yaounde

Njinyam Doreen Vice President CAMFOOD Food Crop Sales CAMFOOD Market Yaounde

Forfuh Vincent Ministry of MINFOC Journalist Information and Culture 10. MINISTRIES - 10/11/93

Jacob Ayuk-Takem Minister of MINREST Policy and Direction Scientific and Technical Research Yaounde

Stephen Njinyam Minister of Agri- MINAGRI Policy and Direction culture, Yaounde 9

11. YAOUNDE - 10/12/93 /1otJ1) 7A4LL- P41 %.r)

Aliou Diop c/o FAO Representation FAO Foodcrops B.P. 281, Yaounde Promotion of Post Harvest Systems Project George Mboge Project CMR/92/O01 FAO Foodcrops Post Harvest Promotion FAOR, Box 281, Yaounde of Post Harvest Systems Project Polycarpe Awono Credit Agricole du Cameroun C.A.C. Credits B.P. 11801 Yaounde Tel: 23-23-60 ------Tefang Andre Credit Agricole C.A.C. Credits ruraux

Thomas Stilwell NCRE, B.P. 2067 NCRE Research Yaounde, 22-30-22

Sophia Moestrup UNIDO, B.P. 836 UNIDO Technical Yaounde, 23-73-16 Assistance

Anthony Wood UNDP, B.P. 836 UNDP Technical Yaounde, 23-73-16 Coopera tion

Roider Werner World Bank, Yaounde W.B. Yde Agric. Tel: 21-08-36, 20-31-57 Sector

Mrs. Njom Esther Dept. of Community Development MINAGRI Women's B.P. 2729, Yaounde, Income Tel. 22-48-41 Generating Projects, e.g. fish smoking and garri pro cessing

Dr. Tchakoa Jonas UNIYAO II, B.P. 1198, Yde University Lecturer Tel: 22-59-76 (Home) of Yde II No particular crop 10

Jacob NgQve Institute of Agricultural IRA/MINREST Roots, Research, B.P. 2123 Yde Tubers and Cereals and other agro nomic crops

Emmanuel Atayi NCRE/IRA/IITA, B.P. 2067 NCRE/IRA/ Cereals (Messa) Yaounde IITA

Robert Dadson ROTREP/Ekona PMB 25 Buea ROTREP/IRA Roots, Tuber 32-21-44 or 32-23-04 and Crop Improvement Rapid Seed Stock Multi plication

Y.W. Jeon IITA, Post-harvest IITA Post-harves Technology Unit Technologis PMB 5320, Oyo Road Ibadan, Nigeria

\/I SUSTAIN/USAID FINAL DEBRIEFING MEETING OCTOBER 15, 1993 ATTENDANCE LIST

ANameddress/Tel Number Comanv/Insti. Product 1. Jacob M. Ngeve IRA, B.P. 2123, IRA/MRST Research

;'. Thomas Stilwell NCRE, B.P. 2067 NCRE Research Yaounde

Robert Dadson ROTREP Ekona ROTREP/IRA Research P14B 25, Buea

. Emmanuel Ata~i NCRE/IITA NCRE/IITA/IRA Research B.P. 2067, Messa Yaounde

S. Y.W. Jeon IITA, PMB 5320 IITA Reserchr Oyo Rd, Ibadan Nigeria

t. G.M. Mboge Post-Harvest Project Post-Harvest Implemien- FAO, B.P. 281 Project tation Yaounde MINAGRI

7. Sophia Moestrop UNIDO, B.P. 836 UNIDO Technical Yaounde Assistaro

8. Moussibe A. Tiati FRUICAM, B.P. 538 FRUICAM Jus de Yaounde fruits Tel. 22-12-72

9. Dr. Tchakoa Jonas UNIYAO II Lecturer UNIYAO II Lecturer B.P. 11986, Yaounde in Econs. Tel. 22-59-76(H)

10. Ayissi Justin APICA Yaounde APICA NGO B.P. 7483, Yaounde Tel. 20-22-39

11. Elzadia Washington USAID/Cameroon USAID Project B.P. 817, Yaounde officer Tel. 23-15-15

12. Taga Rene AGRO-PME AGRO-PME Research B.P. 10087, Yaounde Tel. 22-16-57

13. Peter Mbianyor USAID/Cameroon USAID/ARD Assistant B.P. 817, Yaounde Project Tel. 23-05-81 Officer No. Name Address/Tel Number Company/Insti. Product

14. Besong Moses B. Ministry of Plan MINPAT/DCET/ S/DAAA and Regional Dev. Tel. 23-59-49

15. Ngenge Wawa N. Ministry of Agric. MINAGRI/DPA Charge d' Projects Division Etudes 1 Tel. 22-35-41

16. Cavana Jean- Ministry of Agric. MINAGRI/DPA Con Francois Projects Division seille Tel. 22-35-41 Technique

17. Tchomobe Pierre CCEI Bank, Research CCEI Bank Chef de and Investments Dept. Division Tel. 23-63-27 Projects Agricoles et Mevage

18. Howard N. Fube Ministry of Agric. DPA/MINAGRI Research Projects Division Tel. 22-35-41

19. Festus A. Numfor IRA Ekona, PMB 25 MINREST Roots and Buea, Tel. 32-21-44 Tubers

20. Mbesse Bolomiki MINAGRI/DDC Direction du Produit B.P. 729, Yaounde Developement Agri- Tel. 22-48-34; 48-41 Communautaire cole et Alimen taires

21. Jill Wilson ROTREP, IRA Ekona ROTREP Cocoyams Re, -arch Center PMB 25, Buea

22. Gillet Remy Credit Agricole du Credit Bank C.T. Cameroun, Yaounde Tel. 23-23-60

23. Polycarpe Awono Credit Agricole du C.A.C. Direction Cameroon (C.A.C) due Genie Tel. 23-23-60 Rurale

24. Djilo Gabriel MINPAT/DP/DR MINPAT/DP/DR Planifica Tel. 23-04-91 tion du develop ment 25. Ngwessit Chen DDC/MINAGRI Development Sous Dir. Victor Yaounde Communautaire de Genie Tel. 22-58-98 MINAGRI Rural xg

No. Name Address/Tel Number Company/Insti. Product

26. Nguidjoi M.M. MINDIC/CAB/MARF MARF Tel. 23-40-40 Poste 5162

27. Rostand Longang USAID/Cameroon USAID/EAPRI OXnniste B.P. 817, Yaounde Tel. 23-05-81

28. John McMahon USAID/Cameroon USAID/ARD Director B.P. 817, Yaounde ARD Tel. 23-15-15

29. Jerry Brown USAID/AFR/ONI/PSD USAID/AFR/ APribunit 1111 N 19th Street ONI Rm. # 210 Rosslyn, Va. 22209

30. Ambe Tanifum USAID/Cameroon USAID/ARD Program B.P. 817, Yaounde Seiaist Tel. 23-05-81

Doc. ADDRESSES Contacts (site visits)

Jacques Guillemot Director Antoine Dominguez Production Director PROLEG S.A. B.P. 90 Bandjoun, Cameroon Tel. 44-60-00 FAX 44-60-40

Vincent Tekum Njimgye Managing Director GROWTH PRODUCTS ENTERPRISES (GPE) LTD. P.O. Box 257 Bamenda, Cameroon Tel. 36-25-46

Daniel Yollo Deputy Director General SOCIETE CAMEROUNAISE DE TRANSFORMATION DES CEREALES B.P. 299 Foumbot, Cameroon

Dr. Jean Tchanga Tchanga Agrotechnologe/Research Assistant Station IRA MINISTERE DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE INSTITUTE DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE B.P. 13 Njonbe, Cameroon Appendix VIII

C .bllt.,FOOD COOi' -AYIVE B P ,-'- YA

.,a,., ,.. .',' -

I CF FOOD CaCP PROCESSING ".I,,D L-114 3

PLA, TAE.!d TO C*il".;,UD, - Y A 0 U N 0-

I N T Ti 0 D U C T I 0 N

The Cameroon Food Cooperative Society (2.OD) was founded as a Food Handling and Marketing Crganisation, throuh the Private in-itiative of a group of men and women of all walks-of-life, resident in Ya,Lnde and its environs. C1,2.COD o:erates accor,.ng to and in with -che Provisions of the Cooperative Law i. 92/GC6 of 14 100u.92 ;1nd the decree of application n* 92/455/1N of 23 -iovember

G.2AL . 2Y:.DJICTIVES.

The goal of CAMFGOD is to develop the food supplies sector, to create awarences in the consumptlon of Cameroon's local food products and to encourage joint action in Food Nark-ting. Its objec tives include, the following :

- To undertake the purchase and resale in x.olesalcs and retail sales of Cameroonian food stuffs ; - To undertake foodstuffs handling so as to improve teir nutritional and preservative quality ; a.d - To proinote foodstuffs comme:clisation :ithin ;ameroon an in Che nei,-h*uz.ng countres.

"'-... • -D- , C

',t.i (,OD was opened on 02/08/199). Its mcmb- .ship has 3,rown to *0 witi a working capital of 4 million francs CF. The ,"""

• .9/w , CO 2.

shop is handling UNVDA Rice, Maize ind Zoya Beans. Assorted beans and Irish potatees have been haUled in from Ndu and Kumbo in the North West Province. Otr sales in two months amounted to 2,636,290 fr. CFA.

CPl FLOD is managed by a Board of Directors and a Superviscry Committee while day-to-day activities are handled by the Shop Ennagpr and his assictant.

PERSPECTIVES 'D PROBLEMS

CAMFCOD'S immediate future strategy is to open-up a net work of FRAJ1C:ISED food stores in the city of Yaounde and to be -Cre involved in appropriate Processing technologies, so as to improv keeping quality of the produce it handles. Major problems so far experienced include transportation difficulties, perishability - f root and tuber foodstuffs and the lack of facilities for handl:-," fresh fruits and vegetables. We are open to your criticismiand ".':'".

Cf Y. C. RESIDENT CAMFCOD

0 00 CAMEROO11 FOOD COO2ERATIVE SOCIETY

- NDOP RICE ..... - RIZ DE NDOP (Including Uncle Ben's) ..0 , (ycompris Oncle Ben's) - MAIZE c C- - MA'S - BEANS - HARICOT - EGGS . - OEUFS -BE : p - VIANDE -CHICKENS 0~ -POULET - DAIRY'PRODUCTS 94 - PRODUITS LAITIERS -HONEY -MIEL --.ONIONCARROTS i ~- ;i CARROTTES - OIGNON -FISH -POISSON - CRAYFISH -CREVETTES

-u etc .... et ..

QUALITY FOODS AID SERVICES AT LOWER ?RICES VISIT OUR FOODS'ORE .4'8/SCUITERIE (on your right 200 metcrs belbMre Mobil 81YzMASSI fronm C rrelbur0/IILI) Appendix IX

Welcome to CAMEROON and particularly at ROSE CHIC-CHIPS.

Thank you for having come to discover the products of the new art on which I have imposed myself : THE SCULPTURE OF VEGETABLES.

I am sure that some of you must be suprised not to see huge machines, and that I am exposing to you a workshop and not a big factory. If I have also accepted this visit, it is just to permit you to focus more deeply on problems faced by young business promoters in Cameroon.

As USAID made me to understand, that the aim of this visit is to permit you take note of the difficulties that hinder the economic development of the country, so that together we should seek for solutions. This is reasonable, since to cure an oilment, one needs to diagnose before knowing the type of treatment to administer. 'N It is for this reason that I feel delighted to present to you these produ, that I have concretised out of my imagination.

If CHIP-CHIPS did not exist, it would have been worthwhile to invent them. That is what I have done. in, It is also an opportunity to be present here today, to understand that fak., difficulties faced by ROSE CHIP-CHIPS are the prototype of what newly established businesses.

At the higher school of commerce, we were told that there are no openigs in the Labour Market. At the same time, we were taught that get a job in an enterprise, one had to offer his or her services to th' employer.

materiAs Whereas, coming from a developing country and that our raw are consumed without any added value, and considering my passion : cooking since my tender age, I have got myself a new job a value ti The Sculpture of Vegetables. This will contribute in adding for no,. fruits and vegetables, and at the same time develop a market jobs, thus bringing in reserves to the country.

Once more you are welcome.

Thank you.

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