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Chasing Nutrients and Algal Blooms in Gulf and Caribbean Waters: a Personal Story Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 30 Issue 1 2019 Chasing Nutrients and Algal Blooms in Gulf and Caribbean Waters: A Personal Story Brian E. Lapointe Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr To access the supplemental data associated with this article, CLICK HERE. Recommended Citation Lapointe, B. E. 2019. Chasing Nutrients and Algal Blooms in Gulf and Caribbean Waters: A Personal Story. Gulf and Caribbean Research 30 (1): xvi-xxx. Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol30/iss1/12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18785/gcr.3001.10 This Ocean Reflections is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME 25 VOLUME GULF AND CARIBBEAN Volume 25 RESEARCH March 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS GULF AND CARIBBEAN SAND BOTTOM MICROALGAL PRODUCTION AND BENTHIC NUTRIENT FLUXES ON THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO NEARSHORE SHELF RESEARCH Jeffrey G. Allison, M. E. Wagner, M. McAllister, A. K. J. Ren, and R. A. Snyder....................................................................................1—8 WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT SPECIES RICHNESS AND DISTRIBUTION ON THE OUTER—SHELF SOUTH TEXAS BANKS? Harriet L. Nash, Sharon J. Furiness, and John W. Tunnell, Jr. ......................................................................................................... 9—18 Volume 30 ASSESSMENT OF SEAGRASS FLORAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE FROM TWO CARIBBEAN MARINE PROTECTED 2019 AREAS ISSN: 2572-1410 Paul A. X. Bologna and Anthony J. Suleski ............................................................................................................................................. 19—27 SPATIAL AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF RED DRUM CAUGHT AND RELEASED IN TAMPA BAY, FLORIDA, AND FAC- TORS ASSOCIATED WITH POST—RELEASE HOOKING MORTALITY Kerry E. Flaherty, Brent L. Winner, Julie L. Vecchio, and Theodore S. Switzer....................................................................................29—41 CHARACTERIZATION OF ICHTHYOPLANKTON IN THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO FROM SEAMAP PLANK- TON SURVEYS, 1982—1999 Joanne Lyczkowski—Shultz, David S. Hanisko, Kenneth J. Sulak, Ma gorzata Konieczna, and Pamela J. Bond ..................................43—98 ł GULF AND CARIBBEAN RESE Short Communications DEPURATION OF MACONDA (MC—252) OIL FOUND IN HETEROTROPHIC SCLERACTINIAN CORALS (TUBASTREA COCCINEA AND TUBASTREA MICRANTHUS) ON OFFSHORE OIL/GAS PLATFORMS IN THE GULF Steve R. Kolian, Scott Porter, Paul W. Sammarco, and Edwin W. Cake, Jr........................................................................................99—103 EFFECTS OF CLOSURE OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER GULF OUTLET ON SALTWATER INTRUSION AND BOTTOM WATER HYPOXIA IN LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN Michael A. Poirrier .............................................................................................................................................................................105—109 DISTRIBUTION AND LENGTH FREQUENCY OF INVASIVE LIONFISH (PTEROIS SP.) IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO OF MEXICO Alexander Q. Fogg, Eric R. Hoffmayer, William B. Driggers III, Matthew D. Campbell, Gilmore J. Pellegrin, and William Stein ............................................................................................................................................................................................................111—115 ARCH NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF INVASIVE LIONFISH (PTEROIS SP.) FROM THE NORTHCENTRAL GULF OF MEXICO William Stein III, Nancy J. Brown—Peterson, James S. Franks, and Martin T. O’Connell ...............................................................117—120 RECORD BODY SIZE FOR THE RED LIONFISH, PTEROIS VOLITANS (SCORPAENIFORMES), IN THE SOUTHERN GULF OF MEXICO Alfonso Aguilar—Perera, Leidy Perera—Chan, and Luis Quijano—Puerto ...........................................................................................121—123 EFFECTS OF BLACK MANGROVE (AVICENNIA GERMINANS) EXPANSION ON SALTMARSH (SPARTINA ALTERNI- FLORA) BENTHIC COMMUNITIES OF THE SOUTH TEXAS COAST Jessica Lunt, Kimberly McGlaun, and Elizabeth M. Robinson..........................................................................................................125—129 TIME—ACTIVITY BUDGETS OF STOPLIGHT PARROTFISH (SCARIDAE: SPARISOMA VIRIDE) IN BELIZE: CLEANING INVITATION AND DIURNAL PATTERNS Wesley A. Dent and Gary R. Gaston .................................................................................................................................................131—135 FIRST RECORD OF A NURSE SHARK, GINGLYMOSTOMA CIRRATUM, WITHIN THE MISSISSIPPI SOUND Jill M. Hendon, Eric R. Hoffmayer, and William B. Driggers III......................................................................................................137—139 REVIEWERS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................141 INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS ...............................................................................................................................................................142-143 Published by © 2013 The University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Published by Research Laboratory. MARCH 2013 Printed in the United States of America ISSN: 1528—0470 703 East Beach Drive All rights reserved. No part of this publication covered by the Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 copyright hereon may be reproduced or copied in any form or 228.872.4200 • FAX: 228.872.4204 by any means without written permission from the publisher. Ocean Springs, Mississippi www.usm.edu/gcrl Gulf and Caribbean Research Vol 30, xvi-xxx, 2019 Manuscript received: October 9, 2019, 2019; accepted October 26, 2019 DOI: 10.18785/gcr.3001.10 OCEAN REFLECTIONS CHASING NUTRIENTS AND ALGAL BLOOMS IN GULF AND CARIBBEAN WATERS: A PERSONAL STORY Brian E. Lapointe Florida Atlantic University—Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, 5600 US 1 North, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA 34946. Author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Over the past 5 decades, coastal waters have experienced unprecedented global change, including widespread eutrophication, harmful algal blooms (HAB), dead zones, and loss of biodiversity. During this period, I have studied the effects of nutrients (N, P) on HAB dynam- ics in tropical seagrass and coral reef ecosystems. Important findings that emerged from my research include: 1) a primary role of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) relative to phosphorus (P) as a driving factor in algal blooms and coastal eutrophication; 2) altered N:P stoichiometry that results in greater P—limitation and metabolic stress in reef corals; 3) recognition that macroalgal blooms be considered as a type of HAB because of their increasingly negative impacts on oceans and human health; and 4) mitigation of anthropogenic N inputs can increase resiliency of seagrass and coral reef ecosystems relative to population growth and climate change. Major developments during the research involved the use of computers and software; EAN NITROX, dive computers, and high resolution underwater video to make SCUBA surveys safer and more effective; analysis of stable nitrogen isotopes, sucralose, and other human tracers to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic N sources; and satellite remote sensing to better monitor the large—scale HAB phenomena. My research sparked considerable debate about the root cause(s) of algal blooms on Caribbean coral reefs, as several senior coral reef biologists had concluded this problem was caused solely by the reduction of reef grazers. Since 2011, the massive Sargassum influx to the Caribbean region appears to be a eutrophication response to increasing nutrients in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and is now considered the largest HAB on the planet. Going forward, early career scientists need to extend research on declining coastal ecosystem health to upland watersheds to better understand and mitigate nutrient pollution at its source(s) to enhance resilience of seagrass and coral reef ecosystems to climate change. KEY WORDS: Sargassum, nitrogen, phosphorus, eutrophication, stoichiometry “It is the sea that holds the great mysteries. There is still much to be learned from land, to be sure, but it is the third dimension of the oceans that hides the answers to the broad elemental problems of natural history” Archie Carr, The Windward Road. INTRODUCTION affects the overall quantity and relative abundance of N and P, Over the past 5 decades, there has been a growing awareness which are the two most common limiting nutrients for primary that tropical and subtropical marine ecosystems have experi- producers and HAB in coastal ecosystems (Ryther and Dustan enced a variety of environmental problems that can be attrib- 1971, Howarth et al. 2000, Glibert et al. 2005). uted to excess nutrients. While many of these diverse problems Human activities have already more than doubled the may seem unrelated and their causes often not readily appar- amount of biologically reactive N on our planet (Vitousek et al. ent, evidence now clearly shows that increasing harmful algal 1997), which is having profound effects on HAB and the bio- blooms (HAB), wildlife mortalities, fish kills, seagrass die—off, diversity and sustainability of coastal ecosystems
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