Radio Station Rugby Link Road North
Rugby, Warwickshire
Archaeological Evaluation
for CgMs Consulting
acting on behalf of
Urban & Civic
CA Project: 660761 Site Code: RUGS16a CA Report: 17081
February 2017
Radio Station Rugby Link Road North Rugby Warwickshire
Archaeological Evaluation
CA Project: 660761 CA Report: 17081
Document Control Grid Version Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by Draft 26/1/17 TL SCC Draft Internal review SCC Draft 2 23/2/17 SCC Draft Client review SCC Final 28/2/17 SCC Final Client review SCC
This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.
© Cotswold Archaeology
© Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
CONTENTS
SUMMARY ...... 3
1. INTRODUCTION ...... 4
2. SITE BACKGROUND ...... 5
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 6
4. METHODOLOGY ...... 7
5. EVALUATION RESULTS ...... 7
6. THE FINDS ...... 12
7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ...... 14
8. DISCUSSION ...... 15
9. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 17
10. REFERENCES ...... 17
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 19 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 34 APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ...... 35 APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 36
1 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan, 1:25,000 Fig. 2 Trench location plan, 1:5000 Fig. 3 Plan of Trenches 11–24, 1:1000 Fig. 4 Plan of Trenches 25–40, 1:1000 Fig. 5 Plan of Trenches 41–52, 1:1000 Fig. 6 Plan of Trenches 53–64, 1:1000 Fig. 7 Plan of Trenches 65–79, 1:1000 Fig. 8 Plan of Trenches 80–101, 1:1000 Fig. 9 Plan of Trenches 91–116 and 119, 1:1000 Fig. 10 Trench 36: general view, looking west Fig. 11 Trench 55: section and photographs Fig. 12 Trench 58: ditch 5802, looking south-east Fig. 13 Trench 67: ditches 6703, 6706 and 6706 Fig. 14 Trench 68: ditches 6803, 6809 and 6811 Fig. 15 Trench 69: ditches 6903, 6905 and 6911 Fig. 16 Trench 70: photograph and section Fig. 17 Trench 90: ditch 9003: looking north
2 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
SUMMARY
Project Name: Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North Location: Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire NGR: SP 52125 75877 to SP 54024 74713 Type: Evaluation Date: 9th-27th January 2017 Planning Reference: Rugby Borough Council R11/0699 Location of Archive: Warwickshire Museum Site Code: RUGS16a
In January 2017, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological evaluation along the route of a proposed link road on the eastern outskirts of Hillmorton, Rugby. The link road will form the main northern access to Radio Station Rugby (formerly known as Rugby Sustainable Urban Extension) that is currently under development to the east of the town. The evaluation (as completed to-date) comprised the excavation of one-hundred-and-four 50m trenches; a further twenty-three trenches will be excavated and reported on at a later date.
The evaluation identified two areas of archaeology along the route of the proposed new road. The first was located on a shoulder of high ground immediately to the north of Hillmorton Lane and comprised several small ditches and a relatively large stone-filled pit, the cobble stones exhibiting signs of intense heating and burning. Amongst the cobbles was a saddle quern and probable rubber of prehistoric date. It is probable that the focus of the settlement is situated a little further up the slope to the north-east, beyond the proposed road corridor. The second site, situated c. 300m to the east of Hillmorton Lane, comprised ditches and pits associated with an enclosure that had previously been identified from cropmarks and geophysical survey. An earlier phase of evaluation had dated the settlement, probably the remains of a small farmstead, to the early Roman period and the findings of the current evaluation confirmed this date. The occurrence of Iron Age pottery as residual finds in some of the features suggests that this location may have been occupied from at least the Late Iron Age. One of the ditches contained a dump of charred cereal grain and cereal processing waste, possibly from the processing of stored semi-cleaned grain.
Other features encountered along the route included medieval furrows and post- medieval/modern field boundaries and land drains.
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 In January 2017, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation along the route of a proposed link road on the eastern outskirts of Hillmorton, Rugby, between Butlers Leap and Hillmorton Locks (NGR SP 52125 75877 to SP 54024 74713; Fig. 1). The link road will form the main northern access to Radio Station Rugby (formerly known as Rugby Sustainable Urban Extension) that is currently under development to the east of the town (Rugby Borough Council outline planning ref. R11/0699).
1.2 Conditions 12 and 14 of outline planning consent require a programme of archaeological investigation to be undertaken along the route of the proposed road corridor. A Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) for an archaeological evaluation (CA 2016), the first stage of the investigation, was submitted with a Reserved Matters application for the link road (R16/1638), fulfilling Condition 12 (a) i. Conditions 12 (a) ii and iii, concerning archaeology in respect of a post-excavation evaluation report, mitigation strategy and recording and publication of results, remain to be discharged, as stated in the decision notice for the Reserved Matters application.
1.3 The scope of the evaluation, as presented in the WSI (CA 2016), was determined following discussions between Anna Stocks, Warwickshire County Council’s Planning Archaeologist (WCCPA), and CgMs Consulting (CgMs). The purpose of the evaluation was to characterise and determine the extent of any archaeological remains within the area and to inform discussions on the development of an appropriate archaeological mitigation strategy.
1.4 The evaluation was to have comprised the excavation of one-hundred-and-twenty- seven 30m trial trenches (3,810 linear metres), representing a 4% sample of the total development area (Fig. 2). Due to physical and ecological site constraints, twenty-three trenches could not be excavated, so in total one-hundred-and-four trenches were opened (3,120 linear metres). This report presents the results of the evaluation, as carried out to-date. It is anticipated that the remaining trenches will be excavated later in 2017, when the constraints have been removed; the results will be added to this report as an addendum.
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1.5 The historical and archaeological background of the route of the link road was included in the site-wide desk-based assessment prepared by CgMs (Dicks et al. 2009) and the area was covered by a LiDAR survey as part of the assessment of the ridge and furrow within the site of the former Rugby Radio Station (CA 2015). In addition, a geophysical survey covering 8ha of the route was undertaken by Northamptonshire Archaeology (NA 2010), followed by targeted trenching of the identified geophysical anomalies by Oxford Archaeology (OA 2010).
1.6 The project was carried out in accordance with the WSI (CA 2016) and abided by the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Evaluation (CIfA 2014) and the Historic England (formerly English Heritage) procedural documents Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (EH 1991) and Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (HE 2015). The fieldwork was monitored by WCCPA, with site visits being made on 18th and 31st January 2017.
2. SITE BACKGROUND
Site location, topography and geology 2.1 The route of the proposed link road, which covers an area of approximately 37.5ha to the east of Hillmorton, Rugby, extends between Butlers Leap in the north-west and Hillmorton Locks in the south-east. The route roughly follows that of the Oxford Canal, which forms its western boundary. At its north-west end it passes through an allotment and several pasture fields, crosses the embankment of a disused railway line then heads south-eastwards across arable fields before reaching a small stream, the Clifton Brook. Between the stream and the lane leading north-eastwards from Hillmorton Locks, the route crosses a field of rough pasture that contains earthworks of ridge and furrow ploughing. The ground has an undulating nature, with land at between a height of 93m and 110m above Ordnance Datum (aOD).
2.2 The geology of the site comprises Jurassic mudstone of the Charmouth Mudstone Formation. This is overlain along much of the route by superficial Quaternary deposits of the Bosworth Clay Member and Hillmorton Sand, with Dunsmore Gravel occurring on the higher ground at its northern end (BGS 2017).
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Archaeological and historical background 2.3 Research undertaken by CgMs for a desk-based assessment of the site (Dicks et al. 2009) indicate that parts of the study site have a potential for late prehistoric, Iron Age and Romano-British settlement and related activity, and a low potential for Saxon settlement.
2.4 Geophysical survey of part of the link road route, comprising four survey areas (a total of 8ha) located over areas of cropmarks, recorded a number of anomalies suggesting archaeological features may be present (NA 2010). Three trial trenches were excavated by Oxford Archaeology to investigate the anomalies in two of these areas, which encountered a Late Iron Age/Roman ditch associated with a possible enclosure, a stone-filled pit of a similar date, medieval furrows and post-medieval field boundaries (OA 2010).
2.5 More recently, the area was covered by a LiDAR survey as part of the assessment of the ridge and furrow earthworks within the site of the former Rugby Radio Station (CA 2015).
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
3.1 The objectives of the evaluation, as stated in the WSI (CA 2016), were to provide information about the archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality. In accordance with Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Evaluation (CIfA 2014), the evaluation was designed to be minimally intrusive and minimally destructive to archaeological remains. The information gathered will enable Rugby Borough Council, as advised by the WCCPA, to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).
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4. METHODOLOGY
4.1 The evaluation (as carried out to-date) comprised the excavation of one-hundred- and-four trenches (3,120 linear metres; Fig. 2). A further twenty-three trenches will be excavated at a later date when physical and ecological site constraints have been removed. The trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS and surveyed in accordance with Technical Manual 4: Survey Manual (CA 2014).
4.2 The trenches were excavated using 360-degree mechanical excavators equipped with a toothless ditching bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the geological substrate, whichever was encountered first. Features and deposits were excavated by hand and recorded in accordance with Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (CA 2007).
4.3 One bulk soil sample was taken from a prehistoric/Roman ditch, in accordance with Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites (CA 2003) and Environmental Archaeology: a guide to the theory and practice of methods from sampling and recovery to post- excavation (EH 2011). All finds were cleaned and processed for assessment and analysis, in accordance with Technical Manual 3: Treatment of Finds Immediately After Excavation (CA 1995).
4.4 The archive from the evaluation is currently held by CA at their offices in Milton Keynes and on completion of the project will be deposited with Warwickshire Museum. A summary of information from this project, as set out within Appendix D, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.
5. EVALUATION RESULTS
5.1 The evaluation, as completed to-date, comprised the excavation of one-hundred- and-four trenches (3,120 linear metres; Figs 2–8). Trenches 44, 45, 61 and 117 could not be excavated due to poor ground conditions associated with the installation of a new sewer main and Trenches 1-10, 118 and 120-127 lay in areas that are currently inaccessible. Details of the features and deposits encountered by the evaluation are presented in Appendix A and are summarised in Table 1 below.
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Table 1: Summary of archaeological remains by period Description Trench no. Prehistoric and Romano-British 55, 58, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70 (7) Undated (6) 12, 13, 36, 83, 87, 90 Medieval furrows (31) 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 28, 29, 71, 73, 74, 75, 84, 85, 86, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 109, 111, 113 Post-medieval and modern 18, 22, 23, 33, 35, 49, 51, 64, 67, 77, 78 (11) No archaeology (52) 16, 17, 19-21, 24-27, 30-32, 34, 37-43, 46-48, 50, 52-54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62, 63, 72, 76, 79-82, 88, 95, 96, 105-108, 110, 112, 114-116, 119
Iron Age and Romano-British (700 BC to AD 410) Trench 55 (Figs 6 and 11) 5.2 At the north-east end of the trench was a stone-filled pit (5502). It measured 1.11m long by at least 1.05m wide by 0.62m deep (Fig. 11; section AA) and was filled with large cobble stones in a mid-yellowish grey silty sand matrix (5503). Many of the cobbles exhibited cracking and charring suggesting they had been heated repeatedly or for prolonged periods. Amongst the cobbles was part of a prehistoric saddle quern and a possible rubbing stone with a roughly circular central depression (Fig. 11). A flint flake was recovered from the fill of a shallow, irregular tree throw hollow (5506) adjacent to the pit.
Trench 58 (Figs 6 and 12) 5.3 Four ditches (5802, 5804, 5806 and 5810) at the western end of the trench occupy the same low plateau as the prehistoric pit immediately to the north in Trench 55. No finds were recovered from any of these ditches, but it is probable that they are broadly contemporary with the pit. They had an average width of 0.65m, were between 0.1m and 0.3m deep and were filled with mid greyish brown silty sand (5803, 5805, 5807, and 5811 respectively). Their orientation varied between north- east to south-west (5804 and 5806) and north-west to south-east (5802 and 5810).
Trench 65 (Fig. 7) 5.4 At the northern end of the trench was pit 6503, which measured 2.5m wide by 0.88m deep and was filled with two deposits of sterile greyish brown sandy silt (6504,
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6505). The character of the fill and its proximity to dated Iron Age and Roman features nearby suggests that the pit is probably of a similar date.
Trench 66 (Fig. 7) 5.5 Passing through the trench on a north-west to south-east alignment was ditch 6603. It measured 0.8m wide by 0.25m deep and was filled with dark brownish grey silty sand (6604) that contained pieces of fired clay, burnt and worked flint and a possible hammerstone. A soil sample taken from this deposit contained charred cereal grains and other charred material indicative of a dump of domestic settlement waste, possibly from the processing of stored semi-cleaned grain.
Trench 67 (Fig. 13) 5.6 At the south-eastern end of the trench was ditch 6703, which was aligned north to south, measured 1.4m wide by 0.6m deep and was filled with mid-greyish brown silty sand (6704). It may be a continuation of one of the Late Iron Age/Romano- British ditches investigated in Trench 70.
5.7 A second ditch (6710), which was aligned north-east to south-west and measured 1.9m wide by at least 0.6m deep, was identified near the centre of the trench. This was filled with light whitish brown silty sand (6709).
Trench 68 (Figs 7 and 14) 5.8 Near the centre of the trench were two ditches (6805 and 6809), the fills of which contained late prehistoric and Romano-British pottery. Ditch 6805 measured 0.37m wide by 0.13m deep and was filled with greyish brown silty clay (6806); ditch 6809 was of a similar size and was filled with orange flecked mid brownish grey sandy clay. They were cut by a shallow north-east to south-west aligned ditch (6807 and 6811) passing through the middle of the trench that yielded a quantity of Romano- British pottery from its mid-greyish brown sandy clay fill (6808 and 6812).
5.9 At the extreme western end of the trench was ditch 6803, which was aligned north- west to south-east, measured 0.5m wide by 0.09m deep and was filled with mid greyish brown sandy silt (6804). The ditch is undated but its proximity to the dated ditches in the trench and the similarity of their fills suggest it is probably broadly contemporary.
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Trench 69 (Figs 7 and 15) 5.10 Three ditches and three pits were encountered in this trench. The most northerly, a small, north-south terminus (6903), was filled with dark brownish grey silty clay (6904). Running parallel and slightly to the west of this was ditch 6905, which measured 0.77m wide by 0.35m deep and yielded Romano-British pottery dating to the late 1st to 2nd centuries AD. Pottery of a similar date was also recovered from ditch 6907, which passed through the trench on a north-east to south-west alignment.
5.11 The pits (6906, 6911 and 6913), which are undated but are probably contemporary with the ditches, were roughly circular, with a diameter of approximately 1.0m. They were up to 0.33m deep and were filled with mid brownish grey silty sand (6910), mid yellowish brown silty sand (6912) and dark greyish brown silty sand (6914) respectively.
Trench 70 (Figs 7 and 16) 5.12 In the eastern half of the trench was an intersection between five ditches (7003, 7006, 7008, 7010 and 7012; Fig. 16, Section BB). The latest ditch in the sequence was ditch 7003, which was aligned north-west to south-east, measured 1.18m wide by 0.42m deep and was dated by pottery to the Romano-British period, suggesting that the earlier ditches are Late Iron Age or Roman in date.
Medieval ridge and furrow (AD 410 to AD 1485) 5.13 Ridge and furrow earthworks were evident across much of the site and furrow bases were recorded in many of the trenches (see Table 1 above). In general, the furrow bases corresponded with the alignment of the earthworks shown on the LiDAR survey of the site (CA 2015).
Post-medieval and modern (1485 to present) Trenches 18, 22 and 23 (Figs 3 and 4) 5.14 Ditch 2303 passed through the centre of the trench on a roughly east to west alignment. Measuring 1.42m wide by 0.71m deep, this fairly substantial ditch was also recorded in Trenches 18 and 22. The fill (2304) consisted of soft dark brownish grey clayey silt and contained a modern horseshoe.
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Trench 51 (Fig. 5) 5.15 Passing through the centre of the trench on a north-west to south-east alignment was ditch 5103, a former field boundary, which measured 1.4m wide by 0.55m deep.
Trenches 77 and 78 5.16 A modern ditch, measuring 0.59m wide by 0.27m deep, passed through the southern half of both trenches (7702 and 7802). Excavation of the ditch in Trench 77 recovered a large assemblage of modern artefacts, including pottery, glass and pieces of leather.
Undated Trench 12 (Fig. 3) 5.17 The edge of a pit (1202) was exposed near the centre of the trench. It measured 1.0m long by at least 0.5m wide by 0.3m deep and was filled with mid yellowish grey sandy silt (1203).
Trench 13 (Fig. 3) 5.18 Passing through the centre of the trench on a north-east to south-west alignment was ditch 1302, which measured 0.31m wide by 0.14m deep.
Trench 36 (Fig. 10) 5.19 A group of four postholes was encountered in the western half of this trench (3604, 3606, 3608 and 3610). They had an average diameter of 0.7m and depth of 0.38m and were filled with mid orangey brown clayey silt.
Trench 83 (Fig. 8) 5.20 The southern terminus of ditch 8303, identified at the eastern end of the trench, measured 0.9m wide by 0.15m deep. Although undated artefactually, it was sealed by the medieval ploughsoil (subsoil), indicating a pre-medieval date for the feature.
Trench 87 (Fig. 8) 5.21 Ditch 8703, which measured 1.57m wide by 0.09m deep, was aligned north-east to south-west, counter to the furrows recorded in this area.
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Trench 90 (Fig. 17) 5.22 An undated pit or ditch terminus (9003) was encountered at the north-west end of the trench. It was aligned north-east to south-west, measured 0.5m wide by 0.1m deep and was filled with firm mid brownish grey silty clay (9004).
6. THE FINDS
6.1 Artefactual material from the evaluation, dating to the prehistoric, Roman and post- medieval/modern periods, was recovered from 12 deposits; the assemblage is quantified by context in Appendix B, Table 1. The pottery has been recorded according to sherd count/weight per fabric. Roman pottery fabric codes are given in Table 1 and, where applicable, National Roman Fabric Reference Collection codes are applied (Tomber and Dore 1998). Codings for post-medieval fabrics given in the text in parenthesis correspond, where possible, to the codes as defined in the type series for Warwickshire by Soden and Ratkai (1998).
Pottery Late prehistoric 6.2 An unfeatured bodysherd (1g) in a quartz-tempered fabric (QZ) was retrieved from fill 6806 of ditch 6805. It had undergone a moderate degree of abrasion and surface loss. In the absence of form or decoration it can only broadly be dated to the late prehistoric period (which spans the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age).
Roman 6.3 Roman pottery totalled 25 sherds (130g), recovered from six ditch fills. A high degree of fragmentation is indicated by the average sherd weight of 5g, which is low for an assemblage of this date. Condition was otherwise recorded as moderate to good, with the exception of the Severn Valley ware which had undergone considerable surface loss. One unfeatured bodysherd was identified as Malvernian limestone-tempered ware (MALS, Peacock’s Group B) (Peacock 1968, 415) from fill 6908 of ditch 6907. This type of pottery dates from the late Middle Iron Age to the 1st century AD (Timby 2004, 107). Five sherds in a grog-tempered fabric (GT) and four tempered with grog and quartz (GTQZ) were recorded; both types dateable to the 1st to early 2nd centuries AD. One bodysherd in fabric A8, from fill 6812 of ditch 6811, displayed combed decoration. Severn Valley ware was represented by one oxidised bodysherd (SVW OX2) and three reduced-fired bodysherds in a charcoal-
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tempered variant (SVW CH). The latter are dateable to the mid 1st to 2nd centuries. Of broad Romano-British date are seven sherds of greyware (GW1) and four in a black-firing, sand-tempered fabric (BS1). A local, central Warwickshire, source is likely for this material.
Post-medieval/modern 6.4 Fill 7704 of ditch 7702 produced 97 sherds (732g) from this date range. The only post-medieval ware type represented was Glazed earthenware (GRE), dateable to the mid-16th to 18th centuries. The remaining fabrics dated from the mid-18th to 20th centuries.
Lithics 6.5 A total of six worked flints (15g) were retrieved. All were broken flakes, one of which, from fill 6908 of ditch 6907, featured an area of fine, nibbled retouch on the right ventral edge. None of these items are closely dateable. Twenty fragments of burnt, unworked flint (42g) were recovered from bulk soil sampling of fill 6604 of ditch 2603.
Ceramic building material 6.6 Fill 7704 of ditch 7702 produced five fragments of ceramic building material of post- medieval date. All were too fragmentary for further classification and were in a moderately abraded condition.
Quern/worked stone 6.7 Two fragmentary objects made of sandstone were retrieved from fill 5503 of pit 5502. The larger object (14.1kg) was a saddle quern with one very flat, smooth surface. This type of quern was in use throughout the prehistoric period. The smaller item (1.535kg) was rounded on one face and flat on the other. The flat face featured a shallow, circular groove approximately in the centre. It may have been used as a pivot stone (although the groove seems rather shallow) or possibly for grinding on a small scale.
6.8 A stone pebble was recorded from fill 6604 of ditch 6603. A small pitted area at one end suggests it may have been used as a hammerstone.
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Other finds 6.9 A total of 30 fragments of glass of modern date were recovered from fill 7704 of ditch 7702. One derived from a window and the remainder were from vessels, mostly bottles, which were clear, natural coloured (pale green), dark green and pale blue. One fragment of pale yellow milk glass was also included.
6.10 Three iron objects were recorded from fill 2304 of ditch 2303. One was a horseshoe, with a toe clip, of probable modern date. Two joining fragments from a curved strap were of uncertain function. A further three small iron fragments, of uncertain derivation, were retrieved from fill 7704 of ditch 7702.
6.11 Ditch fill 7704 also produced ten small fragments of shoe leather (18g). Iron nails were present in four of these fragments. Modern dating is considered most likely.
7. PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE
7.1 An environmental sample (20 litres of soil) was processed from prehistoric/Roman ditch 6603 in Trench 66 to evaluate the preservation and range of palaeoenvironmental remains in the area and with the intention of recovering environmental evidence of industrial or domestic activity on the site. The sample was processed by standard flotation procedures (CA Technical Manual No. 2).
7.2 Preliminary identifications of plant macrofossils are noted in Appendix C, Table 1, following nomenclature of Stace (1997) for wild plants, and traditional nomenclature, as provided by Zohary et al. (2012) for cereals.
7.3 The flot was relatively large with low numbers of rooty material and modern seeds. The charred material comprised varying levels of preservation.
Trench 66 7.4 The fill 6604 (sample 1) within prehistoric/Roman ditch 6603 contained a moderate quantity of barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain fragments, emmer (Triticum dicoccum) and spelt (Triticum spelta) wheat grain, spikelet forks and glume base fragments and culm nodes, and weed seeds including those of oat/brome grass (Avena/Bromus sp.), brome grass (Bromus sp.) and goosefoot (Chenopodium sp.). The large
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quantity of relatively well preserved charcoal fragments greater than 2mm noted in this sample included round and mature wood fragments.
7.5 The charred assemblage, which is consistent in content with the late prehistoric/Romano-British date for the feature, may be reflective of a dump of domestic settlement waste, possibly from the processing of stored semi-cleaned grain. The weed seeds are those of species typical of grassland, field margins and arable environments.
8. DISCUSSION
8.1 The route of the proposed link road is situated on undulating south-west and south facing slopes and low plateaus that fall away towards Clifton Brook and the Oxford Canal. It has been demonstrated by the evaluation that the plateaus overlooking the brook, and the fertile soils around them, have drawn people to the area since at least the Iron Age. The relatively steep gradients below the plateaus of higher ground have been subject to erosion from ploughing over the centuries, with up to a metre of colluvium accumulating at the base of some slopes.
Prehistoric (Pre-AD 43) 8.2 Aside from the occasional recovery of residual worked flint of earlier prehistoric date, the earliest evidence for human activity on the site dates to the Iron Age. This was identified in two locations, the first on a shoulder of high ground immediately to the north of Hillmorton Lane, the second on low-lying ground close to Clifton Brook c. 300m to the east of the lane.
8.3 The former site comprised several small ditches and a relatively large stone-filled pit, the cobble stones exhibiting signs of burning and heat stress fractures. Amongst the cobbles was a saddle quern and probable rubber of prehistoric date. It is probable that the focus of the settlement is situated a little further up the slope to the north- east, beyond the proposed road corridor.
8.4 The site near the brook was largely identified from residual sherds of late prehistoric pottery recovered from Roman settlement features, but it is likely that some of the undated ditches in this area are associated with Iron Age settlement and activity.
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Roman (AD 43 to AD 410) 8.5 Initially identified from cropmarks, geophysical survey and an earlier phase of trial trenching had investigated an area of Roman settlement on the low-lying ground north of Clifton Brook (NA 2010; OA 2010, Area 3, trench 9). The settlement comprised a sub-divided enclosure and associated features, including a sub- rectangular, partly stone-filled pit that contained sherds of Roman pottery of probable 2nd-century date. The current evaluation confirmed the presence of the Roman settlement, probably the remains of a small farmstead, and the pottery recovered from the investigated features was broadly consistent in date with that recovered by the earlier evaluation.
8.6 A soil sample taken from a ditch at the western edge of this zone of activity was found to contain a relatively large assemblage of charred cereal grain (emmer, spelt and barley) and cereal processing waste, indicative of a dump of domestic settlement waste, possibly from the processing of stored semi-cleaned grain. There was no pottery in the excavated fill of the ditch, the only finds being pieces of fired clay and a possible hammerstone, so the ditch may be associated with the Roman settlement or an earlier phase of Iron Age activity.
Medieval (AD 410 to AD 1485) 8.7 The remains of the medieval open field system were evident across most of the site in the form of furrow bases in a large number of trenches. Modern ploughing and agricultural improvements had almost entirely removed the ridges, which could only be seen as feint undulations in several of the fields. Those at the eastern end were probably associated with Clifton township, whilst those at the western end are more likely to be associated Rugby or Brownsover, both of which were already extant at the time of the Domesday Survey. The furrows recorded in the fields east of Hillmorton Lane correlate closely with the alignment of those observed on the LiDAR survey of the site (CA 2015).
8.8 In Field 14 (Fig. 8), at the eastern end of the proposed road corridor, a pronounced slope or lynchet was evident in its northern corner, below a roughly square plateau of level ground. Reference to the LiDAR survey (CA 2015) shows this to be the southern corner of a block of ridge and furrow that was detached from the greater part when the open fields were enclosed in the 18th or 19th century. The slope was probably formed by the downslope accumulation of ploughsoil at the corner of the furlong.
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Post-medieval and modern (1485 to present) 8.9 Post-medieval and modern features comprised former field boundaries and land drains. It is probable that some of the field boundaries were removed when this stretch of the Oxford Canal was built in the 1770s, to amalgamate remnants of Enclosure fields left over after its construction.
9. CA PROJECT TEAM
The fieldwork was undertaken by Timothy Lewis, assisted by Martin Cooper, Anna Moosbauer, Daniel Riley, Callum Ruse, Kim Devereux-West, Michael Hughes, Susanna Tarvainen, Rebecca Pritchard, Luis Gomes, Alice Krausova, Alice Amabilino, Mark Davies, John Hardisty and Eilidh Barr. The report was written by Timothy Lewis and Martyn Cooper, with finds and biological evidence reports contributed by Jacky Sommerville and Sarah F. Wyles respectively. The illustrations were prepared by Esther Escudero. The archive has been compiled by Emily Evans, and prepared for deposition by Jessica Cook. The project was managed for CA by Simon Carlyle.
10. REFERENCES
BGS (British Geological Survey) 2017 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 20th February 2017
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2015 Rugby Sustainable Urban Extension (RSUE) Warwickshire, Ridge & Furrow Assessment (Stage 1), report 15622
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016 Rugby SUE Link Road North: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation, unpublished document
DCLG (Department of Communities and Local Government) 2012 National Planning Policy Framework
Jennings, D, Muir, J, Palmer, S, and Smith, A, 2004 Thornhill Farm, Fairford, Gloucestershire: An Iron Age and Roman pastoral site in the Upper Thames Valley. Thames Valley Landscapes Monograph 23, Oxford, Oxford Archaeology
17 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
NA (Northamptonshire Archaeology) 2010 Rugby Sustainable Urban Extension, Rugby Radio: Geophysical Survey
OA (Oxford Archaeology) 2010 Rugby Sustainable Urban Extension, Rugby Radio Station, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation Report, project 4726
Peacock, D P S, 1968 A Petrological Study of Certain Iron Age Pottery from Western England, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 13, 414–427
Soden, I, and Ratkai, S, 1998 Warwickshire Medieval and Post Medieval Pottery Type Series, Warwick, Warwickshire Museum Field Services
Stace, C, 1997 New Flora of the British Isles, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Books
Timby, J, 2004 ‘The Pottery’ in Jennings et al. 2004, 90-108
Tomber. R, and Dore, J, 1998 The National Roman Fabric Reference Collection: A Handbook, London, MoLAS Monograph 2
Zohary, D, Hopf, M, and Weiss, E, 2012 Domestication of plants in the Old World: the origin and spread of cultivated plants in West Asia, Europe, and the Nile Valley, 4th edition, Oxford, Clarendon Press
18 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS
Find’s abbreviations: P pottery, F flint; Sg slag, fc fired clay (daub etc.), Fe iron object, S worked stone
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
11 1100 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.1 friable 1101 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, clayey silt, - - - friable, some small stones 1102 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1103 Fill 1102 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1104 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1105 Fill 1104 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1106 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1107 Fill 1106 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1108 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1109 Fill 1108 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1110 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1111 Fill 1110 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1112 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1113 Fill 1112 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 12 1200 Layer Topsoil Dark orange brown, clayey silt, - - 0.57 friable, some small pebbles 1201 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, clayey silt, - - - friable, some small pebbles 1202 Cut Pit Round, steep and slightly >1.02 >0.49 0.3 concave sides, flat base 1203 Fill 1202 Pit fill Mid grey yellow, sandy silty, - - 0.3 Undated friable, some stones 1204 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1205 Fill 1204 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1206 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1207 Fill 1206 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1208 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1209 Fill 1208 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1210 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1211 Fill 1210 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1212 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1213 Fill 1212 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 13 1300 Layer Topsoil Dark orange brown, clayey silt, - - 0.3 friable, some small pebbles 1301 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, clayey silt, friable, some small/medium - - - stones 1302 Cut Ditch Linear, concave sides, flat base >1 0.31 0.14 NE-SW 1303 Fill 1302 Ditch fill Mid blue grey, clayey silt, friable, - - 0.14 Undated some small pebbles
19 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
1304 Cut Bioturbation Irregular >1 0.29 0.31 1305 Fill 1304 Bioturbation Mid blue grey, clayey silt, friable, - - 0.31 n/a fill some small pebbles 1306 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 0.12 slope, flat base NE-SW 1307 Fill 1306 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - 0.12 Medieval compact, rare small stones 1308 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1309 Fill 1308 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1310 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1311 Fill 1310 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1312 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1313 Fill 1312 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 14 1400 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.24 very rare small stones 1401 Layer Geology Mid brown red/orange, sandy silt, - - - rare gravel 1402 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1403 Fill 1402 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1404 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1405 Fill 1404 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1406 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1407 Fill 1406 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 15 1500 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.22 very rare small stones 1501 Layer Geology Mid brown red, sandy silt, friable, - - - some gravel 1502 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1503 Fill 1502 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1504 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1505 Fill 1504 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1506 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1507 Fill 1506 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1508 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1509 Fill 1508 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 16 1600 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey, silty silt, friable, - - 0.2 some stones 1601 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.27 friable 1602 Layer Geology Light orange brown, gravelly - - - sand, some stones 17 1700 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.31 very rare small stones 1701 Layer Geology Light yellow brown/dark brown red, sandy silt, friable, frequent - - - gravel 1702 Cut Bioturbation Irregular 1.56 0.53 0.06 1703 Fill 1702 Bioturbation Mid grey with orange flecks, - - 0.06 n/a fill sandy silt, friable, some gravel
20 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
18 1800 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.23 1801 Layer Subsoil Mid red brown, sandy silt, friable - - 0.2 1802 Layer Geology Mid red brown, sandy clay, firm - - - 1803 Cut Ditch Linear, slightly concave sides, flat >1.10 1.5 0.71 base NE-SW 1804 Fill 1803 Fill of ditch Dark brown grey, clayey silt, soft, - - 0.71 Post-med very rare small stones 1805 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1806 Fill 1805 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 1807 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 1808 Fill 1807 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 19 1900 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.24 1901 Layer Subsoil Mid red brown, sandy silt, friable - - 0.12 1902 Layer Geology Red brown, sandy clay, friable - - - 20 2000 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey, silty silt, some - - 0.3 stones 2001 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown, silty sand, very - - 0.25 rare stones 2002 Layer Geology Light yellow brown, silty sand, - - - firm, some stones 21 2100 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.29 2101 Layer Subsoil Mid red brown, sandy silt, friable - - 0.49 2102 Layer Geology Mid red brown, sandy gravel, - - - loose 22 2200 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey, silty silt, soft, - - 0.28 some stones 2201 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.11 2202 Layer Geology Light orange brown, sandy clay, - - - compact, some stones 2203 Cut Ditch Linear, slightly concave sides, flat >1.10 1.5 0.71 base N-S 2204 Fill 2203 Fill of ditch Dark brown grey, clayey silt, soft, - - 0.71 Post-med very rare small stones 23 2300 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey, silty silt, soft, - - 0.25 some stones 2301 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown, clayey silt, soft, - - 0.2 some stones 2302 Layer Geology Light orange grey, clayey sand, - - - soft, some stones 2303 Cut Ditch Linear, slightly concave sides, flat >2 1.45 0.71 base NW-SE 2304 Fill 2303 Fill of ditch Dark brown grey, clayey silt, soft, Post-med/ very rare small stones - - 0.71 modern Fe (horseshoe) 24 2400 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey, silty silt, soft, - - 0.22 some stones 2401 Layer Subsoil Light orange brown, silty sand, - - 0.53 soft 2402 Layer Geology Mid grey brown, clayey sand, soft, - - - some stones 25 2500 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft, - - 0.3 some stones 2501 Layer Subsoil Mid red brown, sandy silt, soft, - - 0.9 rare stones 2502 Layer Geology Mid orange brown sand with grey - - - brown clay patches, soft 26 2600 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft, - - 0.28 some stones 2601 Layer Subsoil Light red brown, sandy silt, soft - - 0.31 2602 Layer Geology Mid orange brown sand with grey - - - brown clay patches, soft 27 2700 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft, - - 0.28 some stones
21 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
2701 Layer Subsoil Light red brown, sandy silt, soft - - 0.57 2702 Layer Geology Mid orange brown sand with grey - - - brown clay patches, soft 28 2800 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty silt, friable, - - 0.25 rare stones 2801 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, silty silt, friable - - 0.3 2802 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty sand with - - - clay patches, soft 2803 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 2804 Fill Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 2805 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 2806 Fill Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 29 2900 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty silt, friable - - 0.25 2901 Layer Colluvium Mid orange brown, silty silt, friable - - 0.46 2902 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silt/sand/gravel/clay patches, - - - compact 30 3000 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty silt, friable - - 0.28 3001 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, silty silt, friable - - 0.5 3002 Layer Geology Mid brown/red/orange, silty silt, - - - compact 31 3100 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty silt, friable, - - 0.22 rare stones 3101 Layer Colluvium Mid orange brown, silty silt, friable - - 0.37 3102 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty silt, - - - friable, frequent gravel 32 3200 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, sandy silt, - - 0.44 friable, rare stone 3201 Layer Colluvium Mid orange brown, silty silt, friable - - 0.15 3202 Layer Geology Mid grey orange, clayey sand, - - - friable 33 3300 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty silt, friable, - - 0.36 rare stones 3301 Layer Colluvium Mid orange brown, silty silt, friable - - 0.2 3302 Layer Geology Light grey orange/yellow, silty silt, - - - with gravel/clay patches, friable 34 3400 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty silt, friable, - - 0.25 rare stones 3401 Layer Colluvium Mid orange brown, silty silt, - - 0.5 friable, rare stones 3402 Layer Geology Mid brown orange/grey orange yellow, silty sand, soft, some - - - gravel 35 3500 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty silt, friable, - - 0.28 rare stones 3501 Layer Colluvium Mid orange brown, silty silt, - - 0.18 friable, rare stones 3502 Layer Geology Mid brown orange/grey orange yellow, silty sand, soft, some - - - gravel 3503 Cut Ditch Linear, steep straight sides, flat >1 0.29 0.57 base E-W 3504 Fill 3503 Fill of ditch Mid blue grey, silty sand, compact - - 0.28 Post-med 3505 Fill 3503 Fill of ditch Mid brown orange, silty sand, - - 0.29 Post-med compact, rare small stones 36 3600 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty silt, - - 0.25 compact, rare stones 3601 Layer Colluvium Mid orange brown, silty silt, - - 0.5 friable, rare stones 3602 Layer Colluvium Mid grey brown, silty silt, friable, - - 0.25 rare stones 3603 Layer Geology Mid brown orange/yellow, silty sand/sandy silt, friable, some - - - stones
22 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
3604 Cut Posthole Round, concave sides, concave 0.81 >0.38 0.19 base 3605 Fill 3604 Fill of posthole Mid orange brown, sandy silt, friable, rare stones, rare charcoal - - 0.19 Undated flecks 3606 Cut Posthole Round, concave sides, concave >0.52 >0.3 0.16 base 3607 Fill 3606 Fill of posthole Mid orange brown, sandy silt, >0.52 >0.3 0.16 Undated friable, rare stones 3608 Cut Posthole Round, concave sides, concave 0.75 >0.42 0.39 base 3609 Fill 3608 Fill of posthole Mid orange brown, sandy silt, friable, rare stones, rare charcoal 0.75 >0.42 0.39 Undated flecks 3610 Cut Posthole Round, concave sides, concave 0.59 0.52 0.38 base 3611 Fill 3610 1st Fill of Mid orange brown, silty sand, - - 0.18 Undated posthole friable, some stones 3612 Fill 3610 2nd Fill of Light orange brown, silty sand, - - 0.11 Undated posthole soft 3613 Fill 3610 3rd Fill of Mid orange brown, silty sand, - - 0.11 Undated posthole friable, some stones 37 3700 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.27 rare stones 3701 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, sandy silt, - - compact, some gravel 38 3800 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.25 rare stones 3801 Layer Colluvium Mid grey brown, silty silt, friable, - - 0.42 rare stones 3802 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, sandy silt, - - - compact, some gravel 39 3900 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft, - - 0.23 some stones 3901 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, sandy silt, soft - - 0.2 3902 Layer Geology Light brown yellow, sand, soft - - - 40 4000 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.28 rare stones 4001 Layer Colluvium Mid orange brown, sandy silt, - - 0.39 friable, some stones 4002 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty sand, - - - friable, some gravel 41 4100 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.28 rare stones 4101 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty sand, - - - friable, some gravel 42 4200 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.25 some gravel 4201 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, sandy silt, - - - friable, frequent gravel 43 4300 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.35 some stones 4301 Layer Colluvium Mid orange brown, sandy silt, - - 0.95 friable, some stones 4302 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, sandy silt, - - - compact 44 4400 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.31 some pebbles 4401 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, sandy silt, - - - friable 45 4500 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.32 some pebbles 4501 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, sandy silt, - - - friable 46 4600 Layer Topsoil Mid brown grey, sandy silt, friable - - 0.32 4601 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, sandy silt, - - - friable 47 4700 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable - - 0.28
23 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
4701 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, sandy silt, - - - friable 4702 Layer Colluvium Mid grey orange, sandy silt, - - 0.5 friable 48 4800 Layer Topsoil Dark orange brown, silty clay, - - 0.25 friable, some small stones 4801 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, clayey silt, - - - friable, some pebbles 49 4900 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty sand, - - 0.32 friable 4901 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, silty sand, - - - friable, some gravel 4902 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 4903 Fill 4902 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 50 5000 Layer Topsoil Dark orange brown, clayey silt, - - 0.28 friable, some small pebbles 5001 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, clayey silt, - - - friable, some pebbles 51 5100 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty silt, soft, - - 0.27 some stones 5101 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.2 5102 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, clay, compact - - - 5103 Cut Ditch Linear, slightly concave sides, >2 1.42 0.55 concave base NW-SE 5104 Fill 5103 Fill of ditch Dark purple black, clayey silt, soft Post-med/ - - 0.55 modern 52 5200 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, friable - - 0.32 5201 Layer Colluvium Mid brown, silty clay, compact - - 0.55 5202 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty clay, - - - friable, frequent gravel 53 5300 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, friable - - 0.24 5301 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty sand, - - - compact, some gravel 54 5400 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, friable - - 0.38 5401 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty clay, - - - friable, frequent gravel 55 5500 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, friable - - 0.36 5501 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty clay, - - - friable, frequent gravel 5502 Cut Pit Sub-circular, straight steep sides, 1.11 >1.05 0.62 concave base 5503 Fill 5502 1st Fill of pit Mid yellow grey, silty sand, friable - - 0.25 IA S (saddle quern) 5504 Fill 5502 2nd Fill of pit Dark yellow grey, silty clay, friable - - 0.37 IA 5505 Cut Bioturbation irregular >1 1.02 0.24 5506 Fill 5505 Bioturbation Mid grey brown, silty sand, loose - - 0.24 fill F 56 5600 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, silty clay, loose, - - 0.33 some small stones 5601 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty sand, - - - compact, some gravel 57 5700 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.39 5701 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty sand, - - - compact, some gravel 58 5800 Layer Topsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, - - 0.3 friable, some small stones 5801 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, clayey silt, - - - friable, frequent gravel 5802 Cut Ditch Linear, steep straight sides, flat >1 0.71 0.37 base NW-SE 5803 Fill 5802 Fill of ditch Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.37 IA? very frequent gravel 5804 Cut Ditch Linear, steep straight sides, flat >1 0.88 0.33 base NE-SW 5805 Fill 5804 Fill of ditch Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable, - - 0.33 IA? very frequent gravel
24 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
5806 Cut Ditch Linear, steep straight sides, flat >1 0.62 0.2 base E-W 5807 Fill 5806 Fill of ditch Mid orange brown, silty sand, - - 0.2 IA? friable 5808 Cut Bioturbation Irregular 0.5 0.63 0.17 5809 Fill 5808 Bioturbation Mid grey brown, silty sand, friable - - 0.17 fill 5810 Cut Ditch Linear, straight sides, flat base >1 0.46 0.11 NW-SE 5811 Fill 5810 Fill of ditch Mid grey brown, silty sand, friable - - 0.11 IA? 59 5900 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, friable - - 0.31 5901 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty sand, - - - frequent gravel 60 6000 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, friable - - 0.3 6001 Layer Subsoil Mid brown, silty clay, compact - - 0.55 6002 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty sand, - - - frequent gravel 62 6200 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty sand, - - 0.21 friable, some stones 6201 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, silty sand, friable - - 0.52 6202 Layer Geology Light red brown, course sand, - - - friable 63 6300 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty sand, - - 0.23 friable 6301 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, silty sand, friable - - 0.21 6302 Layer Geology Light brown red, silty sand, friable - - - 64 6400 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty sand, - - 0.27 friable 6401 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, silty sand, friable - - 0.3 6402 Layer Geology Mid yellow brown, silty sand, firm - - - 6403 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate sides, >1 1.02 0.34 concave base, ne-SW 6404 Fill 6403 Fill of ditch Mid brown grey, silty sand, friable - - 0.34 RB 65 6500 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.28 6501 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, sandy silt, - - 0.55 friable 6502 Layer Geology Mid grey brown w/ orange - - - mottling, silty clay, soft 6503 Cut Pit Irregular, concave then undercut >2.1 2.52 >0.85 RB? sides, baSE unexcavated 6504 Fill 6503 1st pit fill Light grey brown, sandy silt, soft >0.8 0.88 >0.7 plastic, frequent stones 6505 Fill 6503 2nd pit fill Mid grey brown, sandy silt, soft >2.1 2.52 0.28 plastic 66 6600 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty sand, - - 0.23 friable 6601 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, silty sand, friable - - 0.26 6602 Layer Geology Light yellow brown, silty sand, firm Pre- - - historic? 6603 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate sides, >1 0.77 0.25 concave base, NW-SE 6604 Fill 6603 Fill of ditch Dark brown grey, silty sand, firm - - 0.25 F, fc, S? 67 6700 Layer Topsoil Mid/dark brown grey, sandy silt, - - 0.35 friable 6701 Layer Subsoil Mid/dark orange brown, silty - - 0.58 sand, friable 6702 Layer Geology Light/mid brown orange, silty - - - sand, friable 6703 Cut Ditch Linear, moderate/steep concave >3.35 1.42 0.6 RB? sides, concave/flat base, N-S 6704 Fill 6703 1st Fill of ditch Light orange grey, silty sand, - 1.1 0.36 friable 6705 Fill 6703 2nd Fill of Dark brown grey, silty sand, - 1.42 0.3 ditch friable, rare charcoal 6706 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual concave sides, >3 >1.6 0.36 flat/concave base, NE-SW
25 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
6707 Fill 6706 Fill Mid brown orange, silty sand, - - 0.36 Medieval friable 6708 Cut Ditch Linear, moderate straight/concave >1 >0.79 0.53 RB? sides, base unexcavated, NE-SW 6709 Fill 6708 Fill of ditch Light white brown, silty sand, - - 0.53 friable/moderate 6710 Cut Ditch Linear, concave gradual/moderate >3 1.9 >0.57 RB? sides, base unexcavated, NE-SW 6711 Fill 6710 Fill of ditch Mid grey brown, silty sand, friable, - - >0.57 rare charcoal 6712 Cut Bioturbation Irregular, concave gradual/moderate sides, irregular >2 1.8 0.09 base, NE-SW 6713 Fill 6712 Fill of Dark brown red, silty clay, bioturbation moderate, rare to moderate - - 0.09 n/a charcoal 68 6800 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, sandy silt, - - 0.28 friable 6801 Layer Subsoil Mid red brown, sandy silt, friable - - 0.21 6802 Layer Geology Mid red orange/mid green blue - - - yellow, sandy silt/silty clay, friable 6803 Cut Ditch Linear, straight moderate sides, >1 0.5 0.09 RB? concave base, NW-SE 6804 Fill 6803 Fill of ditch Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable - - 0.09 6805 Cut Ditch Linear, straight moderate sides, >0.7 >0.37 0.13 IA flat base, N-S 6806 Fill 6805 Fill of ditch Flecked grey orange brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.13 P 6807 Cut Ditch Linear, steep straight sides, flat >0.92 >0.31 0.26 base E-W 6808 Fill 6807 Fill of ditch Mid orange brown, sandy clay, compact - - 0.26 RB P, F 6809 Cut Ditch Linear, straight steep sides, flat >1.02 >0.24 0.17 base NW-SE 6810 Fill 6809 Fill of ditch Mid brown grey w/ orange flecks, sandy clay, compact - - 0.17 RB P 6811 Cut Ditch Linear, steep straight sides, flat >1.2 >0.2 0.14 base, E-W 6812 Fill 6811 Fill of ditch Mid grey w/ brown orange flecks, sandy clay, compact - - 0.14 RB P 69 6900 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.29 6901 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.23 6902 Layer Geology Brown red, sandy clay, firm - - - 6903 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate sides, >1 0.91 0.2 flat base NE-SW 6904 Fill 6903 Fill of ditch Dark brown grey, silty clay, firm - - 0.2 Undated 6905 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate sides, >1 0.77 0.35 concave base, NE-SW 6906 Fill 6905 Fill of ditch Dark brown grey, silty sand, firm - - 0.35 LC1-C2 P 6907 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate sides, >1 0.84 0.27 concave base, NW-SE 6908 Fill 6907 Fill of ditch Dark yellow grey, silty sand, firm - - 0.27 C1+ P, F 6909 Cut Pit Sub-circular, concave moderate 0.98 1.03 0.28 RB? sides, concave base 6910 Fill 6909 Pit fill Mid brown grey, silty sand, firm - - 0.28 6911 Cut Pit Sub-circular, concave moderate 0.95 0.89 0.15 RB? sides, concave base 6912 Fill 6911 Pit fill Mid yellow brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.15 6913 Cut Pit Sub-oval, concave sides, irregular - >1 0.33 RB? base 6914 Fill 6913 1st pit fill Dark brown grey, silty clay, firm - 0.39 0.3 6915 Fill 6913 2nd pit fill Dark brown grey, silty sand, firm - >1 0.35
26 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
70 7000 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty sand, - - 0.35 friable 7001 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, silty sand, firm - - 0.32 7002 Layer Geology Light/mid red brown, course sand, - - - firm 7003 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate/steep >1 1.18 0.41 C1 sides, concave base, NW-SE 7004 Fill 7003 1st Fill of ditch Mid brown grey, silty sand, firm - - 0.2 7005 Fill 7003 2nd Fill of Dark brown grey, silty sand, firm - - 0.21 ditch P 7006 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate sides, >1 0.36 0.27 RB? base unexcavated, ne-SW 7007 Fill 7006 Fill of ditch Mid brown grey, silty clay, friable - - 0.27 7008 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate sides, >1 0.47 0.12 RB? concave base, NE-SW 7009 Fill 7008 Fill of ditch Mid brown grey, silty sand, friable - - 0.12 7010 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate sides, >1 0.63 0.14 RB? flat base, NW-SE 7011 Fill 7010 Fill of ditch Mid brown grey, silty sand, firm - - 0.14 7012 Cut Ditch Linear, concave moderate sides, >1 1.24 0.27 RB? base unexcavated, NE-SW 7013 Fill 7012 Fill of ditch Mid brown grey, silty sand, firm - - 0.27 7014 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual straight sides, flat -.3 2.3 0.12 base, N-S 7015 Fill 7014 Fill of furrow Mid yellow brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.12 Medieval 71 7100 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.36 7101 Layer Geology Mid orange blue grey, silty clay, - - - friable 7102 Cut Treebole Irregular, irregular sides, irregular >0.64 >0.36 0.14 base 7103 Fill 7102 Fill of Dark grey blue brown, clayey silt, - - 0.14 n/a Treebole friable 7104 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual straight sides, flat -.3 2.3 0.12 base, N-S 7105 Fill 7104 Fill of furrow Mid yellow brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.12 Medieval 72 7200 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.37 7201 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, silty clay, - - - friable 7202 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual straight sides, flat -.3 2.3 0.12 base, N-S 7203 Fill 7202 Fill of furrow Mid yellow brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.12 Medieval 73 7300 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.28 7301 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown w/ orange - - 0.12 mottling, silty clay, firm 7302 Layer Geology Mid blue grey, clay, firm - - - 7303 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual straight sides, flat -.3 2.3 0.12 base, N-S 7304 Fill 7303 Fill of furrow Mid yellow brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.12 Medieval 7305 Cut Ditch Linear, moderate/steep stepped -.3 1.3 0.46 Modern sides, flat base, n-s 7306 Fill 7305 Fill of ditch Dark black grey, clayey silt, soft - - 0.46 74 7400 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.33 plastic 7401 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, silty clay, - - 0.22 moderate 7402 Layer Geology Mid blue grey w/ orange mottling, - - - clay, moderately plastic 7403 Cut Furrow Linear, straight moderate sides, -.26 1.22 0.13 flat base, n-s 7404 Fill 7403 Fill of furrow Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.13 Modern 7405 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 7406 Fill 7405 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 7407 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW
27 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
7408 Fill 7407 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 7409 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 7410 Fill 7409 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 7411 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 7412 Fill 7141 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 75 7500 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.25 7501 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.27 7502 Layer Geology Mixed grey/blue and mid brown, - - - silty clay, firm 7503 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 7504 Fill 1503 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 76 7600 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.16 7601 Layer Subsoil Mid yellow brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.35 7602 Layer Geology Mixed blue/grey, silty clay - - - 7603 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 7604 Fill 7603 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 77 7700 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay - - 0.4 7701 Layer Geology Mid yellow brown, silty clay - - - 7702 Cut Ditch Linear, steep concave sides, >1 0.59 0.27 Modern concave base, ne-SW 7703 Fill 7702 1st Fill of ditch Dark grey brown, silty clay, - - 0.16 moderately compact 7704 Fill 7702 2nd Fill of Dark grey brown, silty clay, ditch moderately loose - - 0.11 P, G, CBM 78 7800 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay - - 0.4 7801 Layer Geology Mid yellow brown, silty clay - - - 7802 Cut Ditch Linear, sloping sides, concave >1 0.9 0.5 Modern base, SE-NW 7803 Fill 7802 Fill of ditch Mid brown grey, silty clay, firm - - 0.5 7804 Layer Modern layer Mid yellow brown, silty sand, n/a 0.9 0.05 Modern friable 79 7900 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.27 7901 Layer Subsoil Mid yellow brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.22 7902 Layer Geology Mixed blue/brown, silty clay, firm - - - 80 8000 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.36 8001 Layer Geology Mid grey orange/blue, silty clay, - - - friable 81 8100 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.35 8101 Layer Geology Mid grey yellow brown, silty clay, - - - friable, freq. gravel 82 8200 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable - - 0.35 8201 Layer Geology Mid yellow brown, sandy silt, - - - friable 83 8300 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.3 friable 8301 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.16 8302 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq gravel 8303 Cut Ditch Sub-oval, steep concave sides, >1.46 0.9 0.15 Undated Terminus/Pit flat/irregular base, n-s 8304 Fill 8303 Fill of Ditch Mid grey brown w/ orange flecks, - - 0.15 Terminus/Pit silty clay, firm 84 8400 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.3 friable 8401 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.16
28 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
8402 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq. gravel 8403 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual concave sides, >2 2.5 0.05 flat/irregular base, NW-SE 8404 Fill 8403 Fill of furrow Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.05 Medieval 85 8500 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt - - 0.2 8501 Layer Subsoil Dark brown, silty clay, moderate - - 0.2 8502 Layer Geology Red brown, sandy gravel w/ blue - - - clay patches 8503 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual concave sides, >2 2 n.e flat/irregular base, NW-SE 8504 Fill 8503 Fill of furrow Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - n.e Medieval 8505 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual concave sides, >2 4 n.e flat/irregular base, NW-SE 8506 Fill 8505 Fill of furrow Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - n.e Medieval 8507 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual concave sides, n.e >2 2.5 flat/irregular base, NW-SE 8508 Fill 8507 Fill of furrow Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - n.e Medieval 86 8600 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt - - 0.2 8601 Layer Subsoil Mid brown, clay - - 0.6 8602 Layer Geology Yellow blue clay - - - 8603 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual concave sides, n.e >2 3 flat/irregular base, NW-SE 8604 Fill 8603 Fill Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - n.e Medieval
8605 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual concave sides, n.e >2 3 flat/irregular base, NW-SE 8606 Fill 8605 Fill Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - n.e Medieval 87 8700 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.3 friable 8701 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.12 8702 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq. gravel 8703 Cut Ditch Linear, moderate/gradual concave >2 1.56 0.09 sides, flat base, NE-SW 8704 Fill 8703 Fill of ditch Mid orange brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.09 Medieval 88 8800 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.3 friable 8801 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.15 8802 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq gravel 89 8900 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.3 friable 8901 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.1 8902 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq gravel 90 9000 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.35 friable 9001 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.05 9002 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq gravel 9003 Cut Ditch Shape not visible in plan, Terminus or moderate concave sides, flat >0.89 0.5 0.1 Undated Pit base, NE-SW 9004 Fill 9003 Fill of Ditch Mid brown grey, silty clay, firm Terminus or - - 0.1 Pit 91 9100 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.26 friable 9101 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.12 9102 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq gravel 9103 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9104 Fill 9104 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones
29 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
9105 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9106 Fill 9105 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9107 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9108 Fill 9107 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 92 9200 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.35 friable 9201 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.1 9202 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq gravel 9203 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9204 Fill 9203 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9205 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9206 Fill 9205 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9207 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9208 Fill 9207 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9209 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9210 Fill 9209 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9211 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9212 Fill 9211 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9213 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9214 Fill 9213 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 93 9300 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.28 friable 9301 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.07 9302 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq gravel 9303 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9304 Fill 9303 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9305 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9306 Fill 9305 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9307 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9308 Fill 9307 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 94 9400 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.4 9401 Layer Geology Mid grey blue orange, silty clay, - - - friable 9402 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9403 Fill 9402 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9404 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9405 Fill 9404 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9406 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9407 Fill 9406 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones
30 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
95 9500 Layer Topsoil Dark grey blue brown, silty clay, - - 0.39 friable 9501 Layer Geology Mid grey blue, silty clay, friable - - - 96 9600 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.28 9601 Layer Geology Mid grey orange, silty clay, friable - - - 97 9700 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.28 9701 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.2 9702 Layer Geology Mixed light brown orange gravel/light blue grey, clay, - - - compact 98 9800 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, silty clay, friable - - 0.26 9801 Layer Geology Mid brown orange, silty clay, - - - friable, frequent gravel 9802 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9803 Fill 9803 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9804 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9805 Fill 9804 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 9806 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 9807 Fill 9806 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 99 9900 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt - - 0.28 9901 Layer Geology Mid grey orange/blue, clayey silt, - - - friable 100 10000 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.35 friable 10001 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.1 10002 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq gravel 10003 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual straight sides, flat >2 1.36 0.07 base, N-S 10004 Fill 10003 Fill of furrow Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.07 Post-med 10005 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 10006 Fill 10005 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 10007 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 10008 Fill 10007 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 10009 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 10010 Fill 10009 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 10011 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 10012 Fill 10011 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 10013 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 10014 Fill 10013 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 101 10100 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, - - 0.25 friable 10101 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, clayey silt, firm - - 0.15 10102 Layer Geology Mixed mid grey blue/light brown - - - orange, silty clay, freq gravel 102 10200 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, silty clay - - 0.3 10201 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, silty clay - - - 10202 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 10203 Fill 10202 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones
31 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
10204 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 10205 Fill 10204 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 10206 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 10207 Fill 10206 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 103 10300 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.28 10301 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.62 10302 Layer Geology Mixed light brown orange gravel/light blue grey, clay, - - - compact 104 10400 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.33 10401 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.26 10402 Layer Geology Mixed light brown orange gravel/light blue grey, clay, - - - compact 105 10500 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.33 10501 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.49 10502 Layer Geology Mixed light brown orange/light - - - blue grey, clay, compact 106 10600 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.33 10601 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.22 10602 Layer Geology Mixed light brown orange/light - - - blue grey, clay, compact 107 10700 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, sandy silt, friable - - 0.29 10701 Layer Subsoil Mid grey yellow brown, sandy silt, - - 0.13 friable 10702 Layer Geology Dark grey yellow brown, sandy - - - silt, friable 10703 Cut Furrow Linear, straight sides with gentle >1 1.96 n.e. slope, flat base NE-SW 10704 Fill 10703 Fill Mid orange brown, clayey sand, - - n.e. Medieval compact, rare small stones 108 10800 Layer Topsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, friable - - 0.28 10801 Layer Geology Mid orange brown, clayey silt, - - - friable 109 10900 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.31 10901 Layer Subsoil Light grey brown orange, clayey - - 0.29 silt, soft 10902 Layer Geology Mixed light brown orange gravel/light blue grey clay, - - - compact 110 11000 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.32 11001 Layer Subsoil Light brown orange, clayey silt, - - 0.25 soft 11002 Layer Geology Mixed light brown orange/light - - - blue grey clay, compact 111 11100 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty clay - - 0.4 11101 Layer Geology Mid yellow brown, silty clay, freq - - - small stones 11102 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual sides, flat base, >2 >1.2 0.21 NE-SW 11103 Fill 11102 Fill of furrow Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.2 Post-med 112 11200 Layer Topsoil Dark grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.29 plastic 11201 Layer Subsoil Mid orange brown, silty clay, - - 0.1 moderate 11202 Layer Geology Mid blue grey, clay, firm - - - 11203 Cut Furrow Linear, gradual sides, flat base, >2 >1.2 0.21 NE-SW 11204 Fill 11203 Fill of furrow Mid grey brown, silty clay, firm - - 0.2 Post-med 113 11300 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.29 11301 Layer Subsoil Light brown orange, clayey silt, - - 0.13 soft
32 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
Trench Context Type Fill of Context Context description and finds L W D/T Spotdate No interpretation (m) (m) (m)
11302 Layer Geology Mixed light brown orange clayey gravel/light blue grey clay, - - - compact 114 11400 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty clay silt, - - 0.28 soft 11401 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.27 11402 Layer Geology Light grey brown, clay, compact - - - 115 11500 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.32 11501 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.24 11502 Layer Geology Light grey brown, clay, compact - - - 116 11600 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.33 11601 Layer Subsoil Mid grey brown, clayey silt, soft - - 0.55 11602 Layer Geology Mid brown grey, clay, compact - - - 119 11900 Layer Topsoil Dark brown grey, silty silt, soft - - 0.28 11901 Layer Subsoil Light brown orange, clayey silt, - - 0.37 soft 11902 Layer Geology Mixed light brown orange clayey gravel, loose/light blue grey clay, - - - compact
33 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
APPENDIX B: THE FINDS
Table 1: Quantification of finds by context Context Category Description Fabric Code/ Count Weight Spot-date NRFRC* (g) 2304 Iron Horseshoe, fragments 3 951 - 5503 Stone Saddle quern, object 2 1531 IA? 5506 Worked flint Flake 1 1 - 6604 Fired clay 1 3 - <1> Fired clay 50 212 <1> Worked flint Flake 2 3 <1> Burnt flint 20 42 <1> Stone Hammerstone? 1 227 6806 Late prehistoric pottery Quartz-tempered fabric QZ 1 1 Late prehistoric 6808 Roman pottery Severn Valley SVW CH 3 >1 RB (reduced) ware charcoal-tempered variant Roman pottery Sandy greyware GW1 1 1 Roman pottery Black-firing, sand- BS1 3 33 tempered fabric Worked flint Flake 1 3 Burnt stone 14 481 6810 Roman pottery Grog-tempered fabric GT 1 16 RB Roman pottery Black-firing, sand- BS1 1 4 tempered fabric 6812 Roman pottery Grog-and-quartz GTQZ 2 37 RB tempered fabric Roman pottery Sandy greyware GW1 6 22 6906 Roman pottery Grog-and-quartz GTQZ 2 3 LC1-C2 tempered fabric 6908 Late prehistoric/Early Malvernian limestone- MALS 1 3 C1+ Roman pottery tempered ware Roman pottery Severn Valley SVW OX2 1 1 (oxidised) ware Worked flint Retouched flake, flake 2 9 7005 Roman pottery Grog-tempered fabric GT 4 10 C1 7704 Post-medieval pottery Glazed earthenware GRE 3 55 Modern Post-medieval/ Porcelain MGW 1 <1 modern pottery Post-medieval/ Refined whiteware MGW 41 165 modern pottery Post-medieval/ Transfer-printed refined MGW 39 234 modern pottery whiteware Modern pottery Refined whiteware with MGW 1 21 coloured glaze Modern pottery Yellow ware MGW 3 104 Modern pottery ‘Late' English STE 9 153 stoneware Post-medieval ceramic Fragment 5 24 building material Iron Object 3 8 Modern glass Vessels, window 30 593 Leather Fragment 10 18 Coal 2 11 * National Roman Fabric Reference Collection (Tomber and Dore 1998) codes in bold
34 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE d
se
se
% (ml) Other Chaff Grain Table Other Notes vol (L) Cereal 4/2mm Sample Feature Context Charred Charred d vol (L) Flot size Notes for Proces Charcoal > Unproces Roots Trench 66 Romano-British Ditch Hulled wheat + barley grains frags, spikelet Avena/Br forks + glume omus, bases inc, Bromus, emmer + spelt, Chenopo ****/**** 6603 6604 1 20 20 150 5 *** ** culm nodes ** dium -
Key: * = 1–4 items; ** = 5–19 items; *** = 20–49 items; **** = 50–99 items; ***** = >100 items,
35 © Cotswold Archaeology Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation
APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM
PROJECT DETAILS Project name Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Rugby, Warwickshire Short description The evaluation identified two areas of archaeology along the route of the proposed new road. The first was located on a shoulder of high ground immediately to the north of Hillmorton Lane and comprised several small ditches and a relatively large stone-filled pit, the cobble stones exhibiting signs of intense heating and burning. Amongst the cobbles was a saddle quern and probable rubber of prehistoric date. It is probable that the focus of the settlement is situated a little further up the slope to the north-east, beyond the proposed road corridor. The second site, situated c. 300m to the east of Hillmorton Lane, comprised ditches and pits associated with an enclosure that had previously been identified from cropmarks and geophysical survey. An earlier phase of evaluation had dated the settlement, probably the remains of a small farmstead, to the early Roman period and the findings of the current evaluation confirmed this date. The occurrence of Iron Age pottery as residual finds in some of the features suggests that this location may have been occupied from at least the Late Iron Age. One of the ditches contained a dump of charred cereal grain and cereal processing waste, possibly from the processing of stored semi-cleaned grain. Other features encountered along the route included medieval furrows and post-medieval/modern field boundaries and land drains. Project dates 6th to 27th January 2017 Project type Field evaluation Previous work DBA (Dicks et al. 2009), geophysical survey (NA 2010), trial trenching (OA 2010) Future work Unknown Monument type Late Iron Age/Roman rural settlement, medieval furrows Significant finds Late Iron Age/Roman pottery, prehistoric saddle quern PROJECT LOCATION Site location Hillmorton, Rugby, Warwickshire Study area c. 37.5ha Site co-ordinates 452125 275877 to 454024 274713 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology (CA) Project Brief originator - Project Design (WSI) originator CA Project Manager Simon Carlyle (CA), Sally Dicks (CgMs) Project Supervisor Tim Lewis (CA) PROJECT ARCHIVE Content Physical Warwickshire Museum Pottery, animal bone Paper Site records Digital Warwickshire HER Report, digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY
CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2017 Radio Station Rugby, Link Road North, Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 17081
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RE STAFFORDSHIRE N Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 RUTLAND Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 CITY O w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 15 LEICESTERSHI PETEBOR 14 e [email protected] CITY OF 16 LEICESTER PROJECT TITLE 17 18 19 20 Rugby SUE Link Road North CAM Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire ORCESTERSHIRE WARWICKSHIRE FIGURE TITLE Site location plan NORTHAMPTONSHIREMILTON 0 1km KEYNES
BUCKI FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the digital Ordnance Survey Explorer map with DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright BEDFORDSHIRELUTO APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A4 1:25,000 N Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 1 N 2 FIGURE NO. 200m 01264 347630 01285 771022 01392 826185 01908 564660 www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk [email protected] 660761 09/02/2017 1:5,000 Andover Cirencester w Exeter Milton Keynes e PROJECT NO. DATE SCALE@A3 furrow field drain site boundary evaluation trench archaeological feature foul sewer bioturbation SC EE DJB 0 of Ordnance Survey on behalf The Controller Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109. Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with permission APPROVED BY DRAWN BY CHECKED BY PROJECT TITLE FIGURE TITLE Trench location plan Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire 16 Fig 8 15 14
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site boundary evaluation trench 13 Ditch archaeological feature furrow field drain bioturbation foul sewer 12 Pit
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19 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109. 16
Andover 01264 347630 20 Field 5 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North 24 Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE 18 22 Plan of Trenches 11-24
FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 Ditch 1803 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 Ditch 2203 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A3 1:1,000 3 P:\660761 Rugby SUE Link Road EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad for fig 2-Tim.dwg EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad SUE Link Road P:\660761 Rugby N Ditch
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32 archaeological feature furrow modern field drain 33 Field 7 treethrow Foul sewer
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Pit 36 Pit Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109. Pit Pit 3610 Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 38 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Field 8 Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE Plan of Trenches 25-40 39 40
FIGURE NO. 37 DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A3 1:1,000 4 P:\660761 Rugby SUE Link Road EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad for fig 2-Tim.dwg EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad SUE Link Road P:\660761 Rugby N 37 40
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site boundary 42 evaluation trench archaeological feature modern field drain Field 9 foul sewer
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Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109.
Andover 01264 347630 Field 10 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North 51 Ditch Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire
FIGURE TITLE Plan of Trenches 41-52 50
52 DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A3 1:1,000 5 P:\660761 Rugby SUE Link Road EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad for fig 2-Tim.dwg EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad SUE Link Road P:\660761 Rugby N
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Pit A
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Ditch Ditch
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Ditch Ditch 58 5808 5810 site boundary evaluation trench archaeological feature 57 field drain bioturbation B B section location foul sewer
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64 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109.
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire
FIGURE TITLE Plan of Trenches 53-64
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A3 1:1,000 6 P:\660761 Rugby SUE Link Road EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad for fig 2-Tim.dwg EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad SUE Link Road P:\660761 Rugby N 7 50m FIGURE NO. 01264 347630 01285 771022 01392 826185 01908 564660 www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk [email protected] 660761 09/02/2017 1:1,000 Andover Cirencester w Exeter Milton Keynes e foul sewer furrow field drain site boundary evaluation trench archaeological feature section location modern bioturbation PROJECT NO. DATE SCALE@A3 B SC EE DJB B 0 of Ordnance Survey on behalf The Controller Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109. Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with permission APPROVED BY DRAWN BY PROJECT TITLE FIGURE TITLE CHECKED BY Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire Plan of Trenches 65-79 73 78 77 7303 Ditch 79 72 74 76 71 Field 12 75 Pit 6905 Pit 6909 Ditch Pit 6911 Pit 6913 68 Ditch Ditch 6809 69 Ditch 6805 Ditch Ditch Ditch 6803 Ditch Ditch 7003 Ditch Ditch 7008 B Ditch B Ditch 70 67 Ditch
Clifton Brook 66 Ditch 65
Pit P:\660761 Rugby SUE Link Road EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad for fig 2-Tim.dwg fig for EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad Road Link SUE Rugby P:\660761 N
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84 86 site boundary evaluation trench
EEarthworkarthwork archaeological feature furrow Pit Pit 87 field drain
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92 81 0 50m 93 94 91 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109.
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 80 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 100 e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE 99 Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire 97 FIGURE TITLE 96 101 Plan of Trenches 80-101
FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A3 1:1,000 8 P:\660761 Rugby SUE Link Road EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad for fig 2-Tim.dwg EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad SUE Link Road P:\660761 Rugby 88 89 N
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site boundary evaluation trench 100 furrow Field 13 99 field drain 97 96 101
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Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109.
Andover 01264 347630 111 113 Cirencester 01285 771022 Field 15 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 119 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE 115 Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire
FIGURE TITLE 116 112 114 Plan of Trenches 91-116 and 119
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A3 1:1,000 9 P:\660761 Rugby SUE Link Road EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad for fig 2-Tim.dwg EVAL\Illustration\Drafts\660761_cad SUE Link Road P:\660761 Rugby Trench 36 looking west (2 x 1m scales)
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE Trench 36: general view, looking west
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A4 NA 10 Section AA
SW NE NW SE 111.1m AOD
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cut 5502
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Trench 55: 5502 looking north-west (0.3m scale)
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire Trench 55: worked stone object FIGURE TITLE Trench 55: section and photographs
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A3 NA 11 Ditch 5802, looking south-east (0.3m scale)
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE Trench 58: ditch 5802, looking south-east
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A4 NA 12 Trench 67, ditch 6703, looking north-east (1m scale)
Trench 67, ditch 6710 and 6706, looking north-east (1m scale)
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE Trench 67: ditch 6703, 6706 and 6710
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A4 NA 13 Trench 68, ditch 6803, looking south-east (0.2m scale)
Trench 68, ditch 6811 and 6809, looking north (0.3m scale)
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE Trench 68; ditches 6803, 6809 & 6811
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A4 NA 14 Trench 69: 6903 looking south-east (0.3m scale)
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North Trench 69: 6905 looking north-east (0.3m scale) Trench 69: 6911 looking south-west (0.3m scale) Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE Trench 69: ditch 6903, 6905, 6911
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A3 NA 15 Section BB
SW NE 93.5m AOD 7013 7007 7005
ditch ditch 7004 7012 7006
ditch 7003
01m1:20
Trench 70: ditch 7003, looking north-west (01m scale)
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE Trench 70: section and photograph
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A4 NA 16 Trench 90, ditch 9003, looking north-west (1m scale)
Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]
PROJECT TITLE Rugby SUE Link Road North Hillmorton Lane, Rugby, Warwickshire FIGURE TITLE Trench 90: ditch 9003
DRAWN BY EE PROJECT NO. 660761 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 09/02/2017 APPROVED BY SC SCALE@A4 NA 17
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