A Computational Approach for Identifying Plant-Based Foods for Addressing Vitamin Deficiency Diseases
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Nutrition 102 – Class 3
Nutrition 102 – Class 3 Angel Woolever, RD, CD 1 Nutrition 102 “Introduction to Human Nutrition” second edition Edited by Michael J. Gibney, Susan A. Lanham-New, Aedin Cassidy, and Hester H. Vorster May be purchased online but is not required for the class. 2 Technical Difficulties Contact: Erin Deichman 574.753.1706 [email protected] 3 Questions You may raise your hand and type your question. All questions will be answered at the end of the webinar to save time. 4 Review from Last Week Vitamins E, K, and C What it is Source Function Requirement Absorption Deficiency Toxicity Non-essential compounds Bioflavonoids: Carnitine, Choline, Inositol, Taurine, and Ubiquinone Phytoceuticals 5 Priorities for Today’s Session B Vitamins What they are Source Function Requirement Absorption Deficiency Toxicity 6 7 What Is Vitamin B1 First B Vitamin to be discovered 8 Vitamin B1 Sources Pork – rich source Potatoes Whole-grain cereals Meat Fish 9 Functions of Vitamin B1 Converts carbohydrates into glucose for energy metabolism Strengthens immune system Improves body’s ability to withstand stressful conditions 10 Thiamine Requirements Groups: RDA (mg/day): Infants 0.4 Children 0.7-1.2 Males 1.5 Females 1 Pregnancy 2 Lactation 2 11 Thiamine Absorption Absorbed in the duodenum and proximal jejunum Alcoholics are especially susceptible to thiamine deficiency Excreted in urine, diuresis, and sweat Little storage of thiamine in the body 12 Barriers to Thiamine Absorption Lost into cooking water Unstable to light Exposure to sunlight Destroyed -
Spectator Anion Seems to Alter the Hazard Index Only Marginally. Significant Differences in Asthmagenicity Are Not Observed Betw
STATEMENT OF INTEREST TABLE 1 Hazard indices of common vitamin compounds None declared. Vitamin Molecular mass Da Hazard index REFERENCES All-trans retinoic acid (A) 300.44 0.9329 1 Retinyl palmitate (A) 524.88 0.9974 Sripaiboonkij P, Phanprasit W, Jaakkola MS. Respiratory beta-carotene (provitamin A) 536.89 0.9970 effects of occupational exposures in a milk powder factory. Eur Respir J 2008; 31: 807–814. Ergocalciferol (D2) 396.66 0.9432 2 Drought VJ, Francis HC, Niven RMcL, Burge PS., Cholecalciferol (D3) 384.65 0.9355 Tocopherol acetate (E) 472.76 0.9036 Occupational asthma induced by thiamine in a vitamin Naphthoquinone (K) 158.16 0.1600 supplement for breakfast cereals. Allergy 2005; 60: 1213–1214. 3 Jarvis J, Seed MJ, Elton R, Sawyer L, Agius R. Relationship Phylloquinone (K1) 116.16 0.1157 between chemical structure and the occupational asthma Menaquinone (K2) 168.15 0.2958 Menadione (Provitamin K) 172.19 0.2044 hazard of low molecular weight organic compounds. Occup Environ Med 2005; 62: 243–250. Thiamine (B1) 263.34 0.9400 4 Seed MJ, Agius RM. Prediction of asthma hazard of Thiamine hydrochloride (B1) 338.28 0.9469 thiamine. Allergy 2006; 61: 648. Thiamine mononitrate (B1) 329.38 0.9548 Riboflavin (B2) 376.37 0.9987 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00065108 Niacin (B3) 123.11 0.9169 Pantothenic acid (B5) 219.24 0.9896 Pyridoxine (B ) 169.18 0.0963 6 From the authors: Pyridoxine hydrochloride (B6) 205.64 0.0948 Biotin (H/B7) 244.31 0.9631 We recently reported results of a cross-sectional study of 167 Folic acid (B9) 441.41 1.0000 milk powder factory workers and 76 office workers from # Cyanocobalamin (B12) 1355.37 Thailand showing that production and packing workers Ascorbic acid (C) 176.13 0.0196 exposed to relatively low concentrations of milk powder experienced significantly increased risk of nasal symptoms #: high molecular weight unsuitable for quantitative structural activity and breathlessness, had clearly increased risk of wheezing and relationship model. -
Review Article Role of Nicotinamide in DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and DNA Repair
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research Journal of Nucleic Acids Volume 2010, Article ID 157591, 13 pages doi:10.4061/2010/157591 Review Article Role of Nicotinamide in DNA Damage, Mutagenesis, and DNA Repair Devita Surjana, Gary M. Halliday, and Diona L. Damian Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to Gary M. Halliday, [email protected] Received 16 April 2010; Accepted 13 June 2010 Academic Editor: Ashis Basu Copyright © 2010 Devita Surjana et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Nicotinamide is a water-soluble amide form of niacin (nicotinic acid or vitamin B3). Both niacin and nicotinamide are widely available in plant and animal foods, and niacin can also be endogenously synthesized in the liver from dietary tryptophan. Nicotinamide is also commercially available in vitamin supplements and in a range of cosmetic, hair, and skin preparations. Nicotinamide is the primary precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential coenzyme in ATP production and the sole substrate of the nuclear enzyme poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have clearly shown that PARP-1 and NAD+ status influence cellular responses to genotoxicity which can lead to mutagenesis and cancer formation. -
Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition
P000i-00xx 3/12/05 8:54 PM Page i Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition Second edition VITPR 3/12/05 16:50 Page ii WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements (1998 : Bangkok, Thailand). Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition : report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21–30 September 1998. 1.Vitamins — standards 2.Micronutrients — standards 3.Trace elements — standards 4.Deficiency diseases — diet therapy 5.Nutritional requirements I.Title. ISBN 92 4 154612 3 (LC/NLM Classification: QU 145) © World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2004 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Market- ing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permis- sion to reproduce or translate WHO publications — whether for sale or for noncommercial distri- bution — should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]), or to Chief, Publishing and Multimedia Service, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00100 Rome, Italy. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Vitamins a and E and Carotenoids
Fat-Soluble Vitamins & Micronutrients: Vitamins A and E and Carotenoids Vitamins A (retinol) and E (tocopherol) and the carotenoids are fat-soluble micronutrients that are found in many foods, including some vegetables, fruits, meats, and animal products. Fish-liver oils, liver, egg yolks, butter, and cream are known for their higher content of vitamin A. Nuts and seeds are particularly rich sources of vitamin E (Thomas 2006). At least 700 carotenoids—fat-soluble red and yellow pigments—are found in nature (Britton 2004). Americans consume 40–50 of these carotenoids, primarily in fruits and vegetables (Khachik 1992), and smaller amounts in poultry products, including egg yolks, and in seafoods (Boylston 2007). Six major carotenoids are found in human serum: alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, trans-lycopene, and zeaxanthin. Major carotene sources are orange-colored fruits and vegetables such as carrots, pumpkins, and mangos. Lutein and zeaxanthin are also found in dark green leafy vegetables, where any orange coloring is overshadowed by chlorophyll. Trans-Lycopene is obtained primarily from tomato and tomato products. For information on the carotenoid content of U.S. foods, see the 1998 carotenoid database created by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Nutrition Coordinating Center at the University of Minnesota (http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/car98/car98.html). Vitamin A, found in foods that come from animal sources, is called preformed vitamin A. Some carotenoids found in colorful fruits and vegetables are called provitamin A; they are metabolized in the body to vitamin A. Among the carotenoids, beta-carotene, a retinol dimer, has the most significant provitamin A activity. -
795 Histamine Form (Almost Immediate and Very Steep We Have Interpreted These Findings As Indicating Contraction) Obtained
No. 4175 November 5, 1949 NATURE 795 histamine form (almost immediate and very steep We have interpreted these findings as indicating contraction) obtained. that there is no difference in the type of provitamin If the aqneous humour is not transferred to the D present in the viscera and the eviscerated body. gut immE>diawly after collection, but is left at room We are also inclined to assume that they lend temperature for 5-15 min., the onset of contraction additional weight to the working hypothesis that the is less delayed, and the contraction reaches its provitamin D is of endogenous origin. If a substantial maximum in a shorter time. part of the provitamin D present in the viscera had If the aqueous humour is left for two to three been of exogenous origin, we would have expected hours at room temperature, it often an imme to find a lower 'chick' efficiency for the vitamin D diate onset of a rapid contraction, whir.h is very prepared from the provitamin from the viscera than similar to the hiRtamine effect. The height of the for the vitamin D prepared from the eviscerated body. contraction corresponded to amounts of histamine of Finally, we conclude that the provitamin D present the same order of magnitude as those found by in clams is neither pure ergosterol nor pure 7 -dehydro Emmelin and Palm, and by Emmelin. cholesterol. If the provitamin were essentially My fimt impression that this phenomenon was due ergosterol, we should have obtained a considerably to the liberation of histamine from an inactive com lower activity for chicks than for rats, and if the plex found no justification. -
VITAMINS by Dr
VITAMINS BY Dr. Samy Ali Hussein Aziza Professor of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt. E-Mail: [email protected] Vitamins Vitamins are organic compounds characterized by: Essential for normal health and growth. Essential for biological activity in the body. Present in food in very small concentration. Not enter in the tissue structure as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Act as catalysts and are not oxidized to give energy as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Deficiency of any vitamin in the body results in production of specific diseases. Many vitamin function as coenzymes. Not synthesized in the body by anabolic reaction, therefore should be taken in the diet. Some vitamin are present in food in the form of provitamins. Provitamin They are vitamin precursors. Example: • Carotenes are provitamin A. • 7- dehydrocholesterol are provitamin D3 Vitamer When a vitamin is present in more than one chemical formula each is called a vitamers Example: • Vitamin A has Two vitamers A1 and A2. • Vitamin D has two vitamers D2 and D3. • Vitamin E has four vitamers alpha, beta, gama, delta. Vitagen These include both essential Amino acids and essential fatty acids. Classification of vitamins Vitamins can be classified according to their solubility and their function in metabolism into: I- Fat soluble vitamins II- Water soluble vitamins I- Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K II-WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS I- B- complex – Thiamine (B1) – Riboflavin (B2) – Niacin (B3) – Folic acid – Pyridoxine (B6) – Vitamin B12 – Pantothenic Acid – Biotin II- Non B- complex : Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). B- complex a- Energy-releasing. -
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Status and the Effects of High-Dose Riboflavin Treatment in Short-Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency
0031-3998/10/6703-0304 Vol. 67, No. 3, 2010 PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Printed in U.S.A. Copyright © 2010 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Status and the Effects of High-Dose Riboflavin Treatment in Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency BIANCA T. VAN MALDEGEM, MARINUS DURAN, RONALD J. A. WANDERS, HANS R. WATERHAM, AND FRITS A. WIJBURG Department of Pediatrics [B.T.M, F.A.W.] and Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases [M.D., R.J.A.W., H.R.W.], University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands ABSTRACT: Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency most US states (15). In addition, potential treatment options (SCADD) is an inborn error, biochemically characterized by in- for SCADD have never been systematically studied. creased plasma butyrylcarnitine (C4-C) concentration and increased SCADD is caused by decreased activity of the first enzyme ethylmalonic acid (EMA) excretion and caused by rare mutations of the short-chain fatty acid -oxidation spiral, which cata- and/or common gene variants in the SCAD encoding gene. Although lyzes the dehydrogenation of butyryl-CoA (C4-CoA). When its clinical relevance is not clear, SCADD is included in most US SCAD activity is impaired, C4-CoA will accumulate and is newborn screening programs. Riboflavin, the precursor of flavin subsequently converted into different metabolites including 1) adenine dinucleotide (FAD, cofactor), might be effective for treating the corresponding carnitine-ester, i.e. butyrylcarnitine (C4-C); SCADD. We assessed the FAD status and evaluated the effects of riboflavin treatment in a prospective open-label cohort study involv- 2) the corresponding glycine ester (butyrylglycine); 3) bu- ing 16 patients with SCADD, subdivided into mutation/mutation tyrate; and 4) ethylmalonic acid (EMA). -
Safety Assessment of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and Derivatives As Used in Cosmetics
Safety Assessment of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and Derivatives as Used in Cosmetics Status: Scientific Literature Review for Public Comment Release Date: February 2, 2017 Panel Meeting Date: April 10-11, 2017 All interested persons are provided 60 days from the above date to comment on this safety assessment and to identify additional published data that should be included or provide unpublished data which can be made public and included. Information may be submitted without identifying the source or the trade name of the cosmetic product containing the ingredient. All unpublished data submitted to CIR will be discussed in open meetings, will be available at the CIR office for review by any interested party and may be cited in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Please submit data, comments, or requests to the CIR Director, Dr. Lillian J. Gill. The 2017 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D., Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Director is Lillian J. Gill, D.P.A. This safety assessment was prepared by Laura N. Scott, Scientific Writer/Analyst. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 ♢ [email protected] INTRODUCTION This assessment reviews the safety of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid and 5 of their derivatives as used in cosmetic formulations. -
Relationship Between Serum and Brain Carotenoids, Кł¼
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nutrition and Health Sciences -- Faculty Publications Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of 2013 Relationship between Serum and Brain Carotenoids, ?-Tocopherol, and Retinol Concentrations and Cognitive Performance in the Oldest Old from the Georgia Centenarian Study Elizabeth J. Johnson Tufts University, [email protected] Rohini Vishwanathan Tufts University Mary Ann Johnson University of Georgia, [email protected] Dorothy B. Hausman University of Georgia Adam Davey Temple University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nutritionfacpub Part of the Human and Clinical Nutrition Commons, Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition CommonsSee next page, and for the additional Other Nutrition authors Commons Johnson, Elizabeth J.; Vishwanathan, Rohini; Johnson, Mary Ann; Hausman, Dorothy B.; Davey, Adam; Scott, Tammy M.; Green, Robert C.; Miller, L. Stephen; Gearing, Marla; Woodard, John; Nelson, Peter T.; Chung, Hae-Yun; Schalch, Wolfgang; Wittwer, Jonas; and Poon, Leonard W., "Relationship between Serum and Brain Carotenoids, ?-Tocopherol, and Retinol Concentrations and Cognitive Performance in the Oldest Old from the Georgia Centenarian Study" (2013). Nutrition and Health Sciences -- Faculty Publications. 164. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nutritionfacpub/164 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nutrition and Health Sciences -- Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Elizabeth J. Johnson, Rohini Vishwanathan, Mary Ann Johnson, Dorothy B. Hausman, Adam Davey, Tammy M. Scott, Robert C. Green, L. Stephen Miller, Marla Gearing, John Woodard, Peter T. -
Challenges to Quantify Total Vitamin Activity: How to Combine the Contribution of Diverse Vitamers?
REVIEW CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION Challenges to Quantify Total Vitamin Activity: How to Combine the Contribution of Diverse Vitamers? Jette Jakobsen ,1 Alida Melse-Boonstra ,2 and Michael Rychlik 3,4 1National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; 2Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; 3Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; and 4Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Australia ABSTRACT This state-of-the-art review aims to highlight the challenges in quantifying vitamin activity in foods that contain several vitamers of a group, using as examples the fat-soluble vitamins A and D as well as the water-soluble folate. The absorption, metabolism, and physiology of these examples are described along with the current analytical methodology, with an emphasis on approaches to standardization. Moreover, the major food sources for the vitamins are numerated. The article focuses particularly on outlining the so-called SLAMENGHI factors influencing a vitamer’s’ ability to act as a vitamin, that is, molecular species, linkage, amount, matrix, effectors of absorption, nutrition status, genetics, host-related factors, and the interaction of these. After summarizing the current approaches to estimating the total content of each vitamin group, the review concludes by outlining the research gaps and future perspectives in vitamin analysis. There are no standardized methods for the quantification of the vitamers of vitamin A, vitamin D, and folate in foods. For folate and β-carotene, a difference in vitamer activity between foods and supplements has been confirmed, whereas no difference has been observed for vitamin D. -
Department of Statistics Academic Program Review Spring 2015
Department of Statistics Academic Program Review Spring 2015 Department of Statistics • Texas A&M University • 3143 TAMU • College Station, TX 77843-3143 (979) 845-3141 • www.stat.tamu.edu Table of Contents I. Introduction Brief History of the Department……………………………………………………. 4 Mission and Goals………………………………………………………………….. 8 Administrative Structure of the Department………………………………………... 11 Resources…………………………………………………………………………... 13 Analysis……………………………………………………………………………. 14 Undergraduate Program……………………………………………………………. 15 Graduate Program………………………………………………………………….. 16 Professional Education……………………………………………………………... 19 Challenges and Opportunities……………………………………………………… 20 Assessment………………………………………………………………………… 22 II. Student Report Graduate Program in Statistics……………………………………………………… 28 Master of Science Program…………………………………………………………. 29 Doctor of Philosophy Program……………………………………………………... 32 Internship Program…………………………………………………………………. 35 Undergraduate Course Offerings…………………………………………………… 36 Graduate Course Offerings………………………………………………………… 37 Scheduling Coursework…………………………………………………………….. 42 Graduate Program Admissions Criteria……………………………………………... 43 GRE Scores for First Time Students………………………………………………... 44 Graduate Students Applied, Admitted, and Enrolled ………………………………. 45 Students by GPR Range……………………………………………………………. 48 Institutional Support for Full Time Students……………………………………….. 50 Honors & Awards Received by Students…………………………………………… 51 Statistics Graduate Student Association…………………………………………….. 54 Student Publications………………………………………………………………..