DOCSLIB.ORG

Studies on the Immature Stages of Oxya Velox (Fabricius) a Rice Grasshopper from District Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studies on the Immature Stages of Oxya Velox (Fabricius) a Rice Grasshopper from District Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan SULTANA ET AL (2012), FUUAST J. BIOL., 2(1): 57-62 STUDIES ON THE IMMATURE STAGES OF OXYA VELOX (FABRICIUS) A RICE GRASSHOPPER FROM DISTRICT JAMSHORO, SINDH, PAKISTAN RIFFAT SULTANA*, BARKAT ALI BUGHIO, WAHEED ALI AND HAJI KHAN Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Grasshoppers are polyphagous insect pest. They cause considerable damage to many precious crops. Amongst these pest species Oxya is reported as severe pest to rice in many countries of world including Pakistan. The immature stages of Oxya velox (F.) has been studied in this paper. Oxya comprises on sixth nymphal instars. These hoppers appear to be more epidemic than the adults, because they have no functional wings and are unable to fly and all the time they eat; hence cause more damage than the adult. In addition to this, morphological description of various nymphal instars, identification key and measurements of different body parts are also provided. This will, hopefully be useful in plants protection. Introduction Rice is the world most important food crop second to wheat, feeding over 2 billion people in Asia alone (Karim and Riazuddin 1999). The rice plant is vulnerable to many insects from its sowing to harvest. Amongst the pests Oxya species (mostly called small grasshopper) are reported as sporadic pest of rice in all developmental stages i.e. seeding, tillering, stem elongation etc. Grasshopper at times, occurs in very large numbers. They have great mobility so they migrate from one place to another. Many grasshoppers’ species are occasionally found in shady fields but rarely cause significant damage other than along field borders (Irshad, 1977; Zafar; 1986). They chew angular holes in leaves causing an injury similar to that caused by leaf-fodder or Armyworm. Grasshoppers are polyphagous insect pest. The hoppers are seen to be more epidemic than the adults, because they have no functional wings, so are enable to fly and all the times they eat, hence cause more damage than the adults. Although, there is bulk of publications available on the food preference, plant selection, distribution pattern, status of this pest and other grasshoppers (Srodgram 1935; Dempster 1963; Uvarov 1966, 1977; Thakur 1984; Aziz and Aziz, 1985; Inayatullah et al., 1986; Mohan and Manoharan 1987; Shen et al., 1988; Premchand 1995, Lanjar et al., 2002 and Riffat and Wagan 2010) but there are several aspects regarding the biology of Oxya species are less known. It is, therefore, felt necessary to examine the immature stages of this pest. Actually the basic knowledge about the biology of pest species provides authentic information for its control. The results of such study will be instrumental in understanding and devising the population management strategies to adopt control measures at appropriate time. Materials and Methods Collection of samples: The nymphs of O.velox were collected from the agriculture fields of rice, fodder crops and their surrounding vegetation of grasses with the help of traditional insect hand-net (8.89 cms in diameter and 50.8 cms in length) as well as by hand picking. The collection was made during the year 2011 in the months (May-October) from various localities of Jamshoro (Map. I). The collected material was transferred into polythene bags and taken to the laboratory for further study. Killing and preservation of samples: The method was adopted from Vickery and Kevan (1983). The collected material brought in to the laboratory and was killed by means of potassium cyanide in standard entomological killing bottles. The specimens were not left too longer in this medium because the color changed particularly that of green specimens. Pinning of the specimens was made within few hours. As the specimens were flexible there was a little danger of losing any part through the necessary manipulation, further the parts could be stretched as desired. Mounting was done according to the following standard entomological. The insect pins were inserted on the pronotum posterior to transverse sulcus slightly to the right of median dorsal carina. The posterior legs were bent beneath the body to minimize the possibility of breaking and to occupy the least amount of storage space. The abdomen was so set that it dropped below the wings and not obscured by the hind legs as several taxonomic characters are found on the terminal end and these were not to be hidden till the specimens were dried thoroughly. The body parts had to be supported with extra pins so that it can dry in the desired position and also special attention was paid to the antennae, wings and legs in order to display important taxonomic SULTANA ET AL (2012), FUUAST J. BIOL., 2(1): 57-62 58 characters. Dust and other extraneous matter were removed with the help of a dry camel hairbrush. The fully dried specimens were removed from stretching boards and were stored in standard entomological boxes with labels showing locality, date of collection and collector name. Naphthalene balls were placed in boxes to prevent the attack of ants and other insect. Identification & measurements of hopper: Identification of hopper was carried out under the stereoscopic dissecting binocular microscope. The body parts of the hopers were measured with vernier caliper except first and second instars and antennae of other instars .The first and second instar hopper and antennae were measured by ocular squire graph and segment of an antenna were counted under microscopic. All the measurements are given in millimeter (mm). Results Key to the nymphal instars of Oxya velox (F.) 1. Elytron and wing rudiments, when present directed downward ……..…………..2 --Elytron and wing-rudiments turned upward…………….….. …….………..…..5 2. Elytron and wing rudiments not developed, ♂antennal length 2.25±0.10mm with 2.25±2.47 segments (Fig.1 a)…………..……………………First instar --Elytron and wing rudiments evident, ♂antennal length2.46±0.01 mm with usually 2.60± 0.14 segments…………....................................................................3 3. ♂Antennal length usually 2.36±0.014 mm with 2.65 segments, elytron and wing rudiments faintly marked directed downwards. (Fig.1 b) …………………………………………………………………….....Second instar --♂Antennal length 2.46±0.14 mm with 2.72 segments ……….…..….......................4 4. Elytron-and-wing-rudiments directed downward, slightly back, smooth to weak rugose (Fig.1 c)…………...........................................................................................Third instar --♂Antennal length 2.66mm with 2.8±0.14 segments, elytron-and-wing-rudiments directed downward and noticeably back, conspicuously rugose (Fig1.d) ……………….………………………………………………….……Fourth instar 5. Elytron and wing-rudiments not extending beyond first abdominal Segment (Fig1.e)……….…………………………………….…….Fifth instar 6. Elytron and wing-rudiments extending well beyond first abdominal Segment (Fig1.f)……………..……………… ……………….……Sixth instar a b c Ist instar 2nd Instar 3rd Instar d e f 4th Instar 5th Instar 6th Instar Fig. 1 (a-f) showing the different nymphal stages of Oxya velox SULTANA ET AL (2012), FUUAST J. BIOL., 2(1): 57-62 59 B S A M T K Map of district Jamshoro Showing Surveyed areas during present study B=Bhan Saeedabad; S=Sehwan; A=Amri; M=Manjhand; T=Thano Bula Khan; K=Kotri Morphological description of hopper stages First stage nymph: Body coloration light green pale, pronotum dark at posterior end. Head triangular, a little raised above pronotum, upper margin appears slightly curved in profile, vertex slightly produced and angular terminally. Compound eyes grayish in colour and speckled with brown pigments, elongate, oval, large sized, and prominently developed. Two small pits, one on either side of median carinae, Frontal carinae widely apart and somewhat divergent posterior, lateral and sub–colour carinae indistinctly developed. Pronotum broad and highly developed and overlies mesonotum dorsally and laterally; posterior–lateral areas of mesonotum exposed as small triangles. Median carinae conspicuous on pronotum faint on meso-and meta-nota. Pronotum transversally sulcated by four furrows, equally developed not reaching lateral margin; second sulcus shortest and fourth indistinct on dorsal aspect but developed on lateral sides. Tegminal and wing rudiments produced as margins of meso-and meta-nota. Pro-and mesolegs small having characteristic blackish spot frequently distributed on femora, tibia and tarsi bearing bluish appearance. Abdominal short, light greenish on dorsal side and polish on ventral aspect. Cerci well developed and bearing numerous setae on its surface Second stage nymph: Coloration as in first instar. Head deflected down words when seen in profile rather cute, vertex produced interiorly. Two white spots, one on each side, at junction of edges of vertex with compounds eyes. Compound eyes of bigger size appear somewhat separated from above. Two greenish lateral ocelli, a whitish median ocellus. Frontal carina bearing row dark pigmented spots along. Frons and clypeus bear numerous minute spots. Tips of maxillary palpi and antennae greenish, antennal tips light brown. A white dorsal median band running from the vertex to tip of abdomen. Pronotum well developed and having three distinct transverse sulci, anterior margin convex and posterior concave. Hind margins of all thoracic segments bear dark spots. Terminal and wing rudiments pushed postero-laterally acquire folded appearance. Femora robust; tarsi and tibia spines of all legs bear a light green pigmentation, tibiae black tipped.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Description of New Species of Oxya from Pakistan with Comparison to a Close Ally (Oxyinae: Acrididae: Orthoptera)
    Pakistan J. Zool., pp 1-6, 2020. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20190212100223 Description of New Species of Oxya from Pakistan with Comparison to a Close Ally (Oxyinae: Acrididae: Orthoptera) Riffat Sultana*, Nuzhat Soomro and Muhammad Saeed Wagan Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan Article Information Received 12 February 2019 Revised 22 July 2019 ABSTRACT Accepted 02 September 2019 Available online 26 November 2019 A new species Oxya kashmorensis (Oxyinae: Acrididae: Orthoptera) from Kashmore, Sindh, Pakistan is Authors’ Contribution described and illustrated. We provide a comparison of Oxya kashmorensis sp.nov. and O. nitidula which is RS designed the study and compiled recorded from Pakistan for the first time. Comparative information on the female genitalia of both species the data. NS collected the samples and is provided. Further, a note on the ecology and distribution of both species is given. With the addition of MSW identified the species. O. kashmorensis and the new record of O. nitidula, the numbers of known species in genus Oxya is raised to 9 for Pakistan and 5 for Sindh. We further provide a key to the Oxya species from Sindh. Key words Oxyinae, New species, Kashmore, Sindh, Illustrations, Sub-genital plate, Ecology INTRODUCTION Seino et al., 2013; Soomro et al., 2019), none of these studies provided detailed taxonomic status and correct he genus Oxya belongs to the Acrididae and has a wide identification ofOxya from Sindh, Pakistan. Tdistribution in Asia and Africa. Species of the genus Species of the genus are well adapted to the marshy are known to damage a variety of crops, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Orthoptera : Acrididae)
    A new tribe of Oxyinae (Orthoptera : Acrididae) Autor(en): Usmani, M. Kamil / Shafee, S. Adam Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft = Bulletin de la Société Entomologique Suisse = Journal of the Swiss Entomological Society Band (Jahr): 57 (1984) Heft 2-3 PDF erstellt am: 28.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-402126 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch MITTEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ENTOMOLOGIQUE SUISSE 57, 295-296, 1984 A new tribe of Oxyinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) M. K.AMIL Usmani and S. Adam Shafee Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Gesonulini trib.
    [Show full text]
  • Edible Insects
    1.04cm spine for 208pg on 90g eco paper ISSN 0258-6150 FAO 171 FORESTRY 171 PAPER FAO FORESTRY PAPER 171 Edible insects Edible insects Future prospects for food and feed security Future prospects for food and feed security Edible insects have always been a part of human diets, but in some societies there remains a degree of disdain Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security and disgust for their consumption. Although the majority of consumed insects are gathered in forest habitats, mass-rearing systems are being developed in many countries. Insects offer a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science to improve human food security worldwide. This publication describes the contribution of insects to food security and examines future prospects for raising insects at a commercial scale to improve food and feed production, diversify diets, and support livelihoods in both developing and developed countries. It shows the many traditional and potential new uses of insects for direct human consumption and the opportunities for and constraints to farming them for food and feed. It examines the body of research on issues such as insect nutrition and food safety, the use of insects as animal feed, and the processing and preservation of insects and their products. It highlights the need to develop a regulatory framework to govern the use of insects for food security. And it presents case studies and examples from around the world. Edible insects are a promising alternative to the conventional production of meat, either for direct human consumption or for indirect use as feedstock.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographie Acridiens (Grasshoppers) Catalogue Avril 2017
    - 1 - BIBLIOGRAPHIE - Édition août 2017 AcridAfrica > http://acrida.info La bibliographie reprend ici, en la com- préciser, il peut exister d’autres erreurs plétant et la corrigeant à l'occasion, celle de supplémentaires encore non décelées. notre catalogue 2006 et de son supplément 2009. Les références nouvelles introduites sont S'agissant d'une bibliographie concernant la bien sûr celles en rapport avec les nouveaux systématique, la répartition géographique et la taxons indexés mais aussi celles qui relèvent de bio-écologie des acridiens, les publications la mise à jour générale de la bibliographie de traitant de leur impact économique et de leur nos précédents catalogues. contrôle ne sont pas inventoriées sauf utilité particulière. Pour des références sur ce dernier Quelques divergences, que nous indiquons, point, on se reportera à divers ouvrages, existent parfois sur la date de certaines notamment à Goetell & Johnson (1997), Krall et publications, pour l'essentiel anciennes. Nous al. (1997), Lockwood et al. (2000) et Lomer & n'avons pas pu à ce jour approfondir tous ces Prior (1992). points qu'il serait pourtant utile de préciser, au Il en est de même des très nombreuses moins en ce qui concerne les publications de publications de pure physiologie concernant le systématique. Les auteurs qui se sont penchés Criquet migrateur et le Criquet pèlerin, qui du sur certains de ces documents donnent parfois fait de leurs particularités très favorables, ont des dates différentes. été et sont toujours utilisés comme modèle Nous fournissons ici un certain nombre de d'insecte au laboratoire. références concernant la datation de certaines publications anciennes. Il faut d'ailleurs noter Les éventuelles indications entre crochets qu'à défaut de vérification exhaustive des dates {} et en italiques, sont des précisions de notre effectives de parution, parfois difficiles à fait qui ne font pas partie de la référence.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of Acrididae (Orthoptera) of Hazara Division Khyber
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(5): 96-100 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2017; 5(5): 96-100 A checklist of acrididae (Orthoptera) of Hazara © 2017 JEZS Division Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Received: 15-07-2017 Accepted: 16-08-2017 Shoaib Ali Shoaib Ali and Waheed Ali Panhwar Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan Abstract Waheed Ali Panhwar An extensive survey was carried out during the year 2016-17 to find out Acridid fauna of Hazara Region. Department of Zoology, Hazara During inspection 1402 species of grasshoppers and Locusts were collected from different localities in University, Mansehra, Pakistan Hazara region. Collected specimens of Acrididae family were identified and sorted out into 73 species pertaining to 11 sub-families and 38 genera, has been enlisted to othopterean fauna of this region. Beside this it was noted that the members of subfamily family Acridinae was found to be most abundant with 20.82%, followed by Oedipodinae, Gomphocerinae and Oxyinae with 17.61%, 17.47% and 14.40% respectively. Lowest population was observed in Cyrtacanthacridinae and Tropidopolinae with 3.06% and 2.49% respectively. Keywords: Checklist, Acridid, Identification, Hazara Region, Locusts, Population. 1. Introduction Grasshoppers are the largest and most diverse group of insects. Grasshoppers have several advantages for such studies, relating to its great body size easy catch ability and high dominance so, that it became a main invertebrate group for biological indication in its wider sense. They are often the main invertebrate consumer in grasslands and are to be an important food source for many groups of predators e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Biomass Production of Two Acridids (Orthoptera: Acrididae) As Alternative Food for Poultry M
    Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2012 10(3), 671-680 Available online at www.inia.es/sjar ISSN: 1695-971-X http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2012103-222-11 eISSN: 2171-9292 Annual biomass production of two acridids (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as alternative food for poultry M. Das, A. Ganguly and P. Haldar* Entomology research unit, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235 India Abstract Acridids could be an alternative nonconventional protein source for livestock industries like poultry farms. For a high acridid biomass production, selection of acridid species along with their suitable food plants is essential. The present experiment was conducted by rearing of two common Indian acridids, Oxya hyla and Spathosternum pras- iniferum, to estimate which one could produce higher annual biomass when fed on three food plants, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiaria mutica and Cynodon dactylon, to determine the most favorable food plant. Fecundity, fertility, nymphal mortality and sex ratio of both acridid species fed with three different plants were estimated for the annual biomass production in terms of number. Annual biomass production in terms of wet weight, dry weight and energy content were also estimated. Among the two acridid species, O. hyla showed higher values for fecundity, fertility and both wet and dry body weight; and lower values for nymphal mortality in all the three food plant fed sets. Among the three food plants, B. mutica was found to be the most suitable for annual biomass production of both acridids. It was concluded that mass rearing of O.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diversity of Grasshoppers (Subordo Caelifera) in the National Park of Mount Merbabu and Mount Pangonan Central Java
    PROC. INTERNAT. CONF. SCI. ENGIN. ISSN 1504607797 Volume 4, February 2021 E-ISSN 1505707533 Page 133-137 The Diversity Of Grasshoppers (Subordo Caelifera) In The National Park Of Mount Merbabu And Mount Pangonan Central Java Lili Shafdila Nursin1, Sulistiyawati2 Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University Jl. Marsda Adisucipto No 1 Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. Tel. +62-274-540971, Fax. +62-274-519739. Email: [email protected] Abstract . This study aims to determine the diversity of grasshoppers in the National Parks of Mount Merbabu and Mount Pangonan. The research method used is the exploration method and purposive sampling. The results of research on grasshoppers in the National Park of Mount Merbabu and Mount Pangonan, respectively, were shannon-wiener index diversity (H '= 2.187 and H' = 1.089), number of individuals (N = 92 and N = 35), and species evenness index (E = 0.697 and E = 0.608). The grasshoppers species found were Phlaeoba fumosa, Phlaeoba infumata, Phlaeoba sp. 1, Phlaeoba sp. 2, Phlaeoba sp. 3, Phlaeoba sp. 4, Phlaeoba sp. 5, Phlaeoba sp. 6, Caryanda spuria, Cercinae sp., Chitaura sp., Oxya sp., Erucius sp. 1, Erucius sp. 2, Atractomorpha crenulata, Atractomorpha sp. 1, Atractomorpha sp. 2, Atractomorpha sp. 3, Atractomorpha sp. 4, Atractomorpha sp. 5, Atractomorpha sp. 6, Atractomorpha sp. 7, Tettigidea lateralis, and Tettigidea sp. Keywords: Grasshopper, Mount Merbabu National Park, Mount Pangonan INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Grasshopper diversity can be found generally in various The research was conducted for 3 months, namely types of terrestrial areas such as forest ecosystems, January-March 2020 in the National Park of Mount agricultural areas and plantations, including population Merbabu Magelang and Mount Pangonan Dieng.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts of the 11Th Arab Congress of Plant Protection
    Under the Patronage of His Royal Highness Prince El Hassan Bin Talal, Jordan Arab Journal of Plant Protection Volume 32, Special Issue, November 2014 Abstracts Book 11th Arab Congress of Plant Protection Organized by Arab Society for Plant Protection and Faculty of Agricultural Technology – Al Balqa AppliedUniversity Meridien Amman Hotel, Amman Jordan 13-9 November, 2014 Edited by Hazem S Hasan, Ahmad Katbeh, Mohmmad Al Alawi, Ibrahim Al-Jboory, Barakat Abu Irmaileh, Safa’a Kumari, Khaled Makkouk, Bassam Bayaa Organizing Committee of the 11th Arab Congress of Plant Protection Samih Abubaker Chairman Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al Balqa AppliedApplied University, Al Salt, Jordan Hazem S. Hasan Secretary Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al Balqa AppliedUniversity, Al Salt, Jordan Ali Ebed Allah khresat Treasurer General Secretary, Al Balqa AppliedUniversity, Al Salt, Jordan Mazen Ateyyat Member Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al Balqa AppliedUniversity, Al Salt, Jordan Ahmad Katbeh Member Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Ibrahim Al-Jboory Member Faculty of Agriculture, Bagdad University, Iraq Barakat Abu Irmaileh Member Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Mohmmad Al Alawi Member Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al Balqa AppliedUniversity, Al Salt, Jordan Mustafa Meqdadi Member Agricultural Materials Company (MIQDADI), Amman Jordan Scientific Committee of the 11th Arab Congress of Plant Protection • Mohmmad Al Alawi, Al Balqa Applied University, Al Salt, Jordan, President
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Code Complement and the Distribution of Constitutive Heterochromatin of Grasshoppers
    Prime Scholars Library Advances in Agriculture, Food Science and Forestry Vol. 4 (4), pp. 36 - 41, July, 2016 ©Prime Scholars Library Full Length Research Paper Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. Article remain permanently open access under CC BY-NC-ND license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Available online at https://primescholarslibrary.org/ Genetic code complement and the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin of grasshoppers Pooja Clara and Anupam M. D Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, Pin Code: 143005, India. Abstract Chromosomes with detailed karyotypic information (nature, number, size, relative length, length of X- chromosome, nature of X-chromosome) and C-banding patterns of six species of grasshoppers belonging to sub-families- Tryxalinae, Oedipodinae and Catantopinae are discussed. The karyotypes comprises of acrocentric chromosomes with complement number 2n=23 (male). Constitutive heterochromatin distribution was found at centomeric, interstitial, terminal sites along with thick and thin bands among all the species except in ACRIDA TURRITA, which possessed only centromeric C-bands. The number and location of C-bands in Acridids exhibit both intra – and interspecific variations. In the present communication the chromosome complement and C-banding patterns are analyzed for further differences between congeneric species and among genera belonging to the same sub-family. Keywords: Acrididae, Orthoptera, chromosome complement, C-banding. INTRODUCTION Orthoptera has been considered as a classical material to same sub-family are discussed. for karyological investigations. The size and number of their chromosomes are such that both qualitative and quantitative studies on chromosomal anomalies can be MATERIALS AND METHODS detected easily (Turkoglu and Koca, 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Basic Arthropod Taxonomy Arthropods Include the Insects, Spiders, Mites, Ticks, Ostracods, Copepods, Scorpions, Centipedes, Sh
    Basic Arthropod Taxonomy Arthropods include the insects, spiders, mites, ticks, ostracods, copepods, scorpions, centipedes, shrimps, and crayfishes. Of these, insects make up > 50% of all the nominal species of organisms in the world. Insects and its allies or relatives whether pests or beneficials are part of rice ecosystems. Basic arthropod identification is important in ecological research to understand interactions, which are vital for developing better pest management tools and strategies. This manual will focus on: • Identification of different arthropod groups. • Identification of major diagnostic features of the most common and important arthropod orders, families and species especially insects and spiders in the rice agricultural landscape using taxonomic keys. • Handling and preserving arthropods for identification. Manual content Differences: Insects (Class Insecta) and Spiders (Class Arachnida, Order Araneae) Insects Spiders Body regions 3: head, thorax and abdomen 2: cephalothorax (fused head and thorax) and unsegmented abdomen Eyes 2-3 compound eyes and 0-8 (with some ground 3 ocelli or simple eyes dwellers having no eyes) Legs (no.) 3 pairs 4 pairs Wings Present Absent Antennae Present Absent Summary of Insect Orders and Families and Spider Families covered in this workshop Order Family Common name Common species Food habit Odonata Coenagrionidae Damselfly Agriocnemis Predator (flying femina femina insects and (Brauer) hoppers) 1 A. pygmaea Predator (flying (Rambur) insects and hoppers) Order Family Common name Common species Food habit Odonata Libellulidae Dragonfly Diplacodes Predator (stem trivialis (Drury) borers, leaffeeders and planthoppers) Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Long-horned Conocephalus Predator (rice grasshoppers longipennis (de bug, stem borers, Haan) and planthopper and leafhopper nymphs) Gryllidae Crickets Euscyrtus Pest concinnus (de Haan) Acrididae Short-horned Oxya spp.
    [Show full text]
  • An Alternative Host Preference Study by Oxya Hyla Hyla (Orthoptera: Acrididae)- a Non Insecticidal Method of Pest Management
    RESEARCH PAPER Environment Volume : 3 | Issue : 8 | Aug 2013 | ISSN - 2249-555X An alternative host preference study by Oxya hyla hyla (Orthoptera: Acrididae)- a non insecticidal method of pest management KEYWORDS Alternative host, Oxya hyla hyla, Pest, Feeding preference, Non insecticidal Manika Das D. C. Ray Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam (Central) University, Silchar, India Assam (Central) University, Silchar, India ABSTRACT Sixteen alternative host of O. hyla hyla were recorded from three study sites of Cachar District. Among them the most preferred food plants (8 nos.) were assessed against the pest species along with one rice cultivar (main host) to determine the per cent of feeding preference. It was found that Cynodon dactylon with 84.84% preference proved to be the highest feeding preferred host by the grasshopper species followed by rice cultivar (Narayan) (89.67%). Whereas A. compressus (72.55%) attained the second preferred host status. Most of the food plants showed preference values ranging from 51- 100 according to 0- 9 scale score of standard evaluation system. ANOVA indicated significant dif- ference (p<0.05) in feeding preference by O. hyla hyla among all the food plants. Study proved that there alternative hosts has the high potentiality to manage the grasshopper species. Imperata cylindrica was proved to be the least preferred hosts (24.04%). Introduction of leaves was calculated before and after feeding by graph Insects are the major components of animal diversity in paper method. Three replications were followed for each terms of number of species in most of the habitats and host plant preference.
    [Show full text]
  • Grasshoppers of the Mascarene Islands: New Species and New Records (Orthoptera, Caelifera)
    Zootaxa 3900 (3): 399–414 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3900.3.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:520442A1-0742-46A8-B6ED-021962DCE451 Grasshoppers of the Mascarene Islands: new species and new records (Orthoptera, Caelifera) SYLVAIN HUGEL INCI UPR3212 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg 5, rue Blaise Pascal F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The grasshopper fauna of Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Rodrigues and La Réunion), in South Western Indian ocean is examined. Numerous field surveys and examination of museum specimens recorded twenty species of Grasshoppers on the archipelago. Five of them are new records, including a new species: Odontomelus ancestrus n. sp. restricted to Round Island, a 2 km² islet North to Mauritius. Despite intensive searching, five of the non endemic species once recorded on the archipelago have not been recorded again and might correspond to temporary settlements/introductions. A key to Mas- carene grasshoppers is given. Key words: Orthoptera, endemism, island, extinction, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Réunion Introduction Whereas Ensifera, particularly Grylloidea, can display an impressive diversity on remote tropical oceanic islands (Matyot 1998; Otte 1994; Otte and Cowper 2007), Caelifera are usually less represented, but they display a similarly high rate of endemism (e.g. Peck 1996; Zimmerman 1948; Matyot 1998; Hebard 1933; Evenhuis 2007). The Mascarene Archipelago is a group of islands in the South Western Indian Ocean, consisting of Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues (Fig. 1). When the grasshopper fauna of Mascarene Islands was last examined, only eight species were recorded, two of them being considered endemic to one of the island (Vinson 1968).
    [Show full text]