Mapping Marginal Lands in the Khorezm Province (Aral Sea Basin), Prone to Soil Degradation

Report Mapping marginal lands in the Khorezm province (Aral Sea basin), prone to soil degradation Prepared by: Hayot Ibrakhimov, Inna Rudenko, Murod Sultonov, Alexander Lee, Davran Niyazmetov, Sodiqov Mansur, Ruzmetov Bahodir Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Identification and description of agricultural land in the Khorezm province using GIS and remote sensing ............... 6 2.1 Description of the Khorezm province .................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Irrigation and drainage infrastructure in the Khorezm province ...................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Tuyamuyun reservoir ............................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.2 Irrigation and drainage systems ............................................................................................................................ 14 2.2.3 Legal water management bodies ............................................................................................................................ 17 2.2.4 Water withdrawal and distribution in Khorezm at a regional level ....................................................................... 18 2.2.5 Design discharge of canals in different irrigation systems .................................................................................... 20 2.2.6 Irrigation network efficiency of the selected primary canals ................................................................................. 20 2.2.7 Lift irrigation schemes in the region ...................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.8 Drainage system in the Khorezm province............................................................................................................. 22 2.2.9 Evolution of drainage system in the region ............................................................................................................ 24 3. GIS / RS analysis of the current state of productive and marginal irrigated lands in the Khorezm province ........ 25 3.1 Degraded marginal land in the Khorezm province ........................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Soil properties ................................................................................................................................................................... 26 3.3 Texture and Soil Horizons ................................................................................................................................................. 27 3.4 Soil Organic Matter ........................................................................................................................................................... 31 3.5 Soil NPK ............................................................................................................................................................................ 32 3.6 Soil Microbiological Activity ............................................................................................................................................. 33 3.7 Soil Fauna Density and Diversity ...................................................................................................................................... 35 3.8 Soil quality assessment (Bonitet) ....................................................................................................................................... 36 3.9 Soil Salinity and C Stock ................................................................................................................................................... 40 3.10 Strategies of salinity management ................................................................................................................................... 43 3.10.1 Efficiency of current soil salinity management strategies ................................................................................. 43 3.10.2 Groundwater levels and salinity ........................................................................................................................ 45 3.11 Distance to agricultural fields ......................................................................................................................................... 47 3.12 Identification of agricultural marginal land in the Khorezm province ............................................................................ 50 4. Socio-economic survey of households in the selected districts ....................................................................................... 50 4.1 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................................................... 51 4.1.1 Data collection ........................................................................................................................................................... 51 4.1.2 Data arrangement and data processing ..................................................................................................................... 52 4.1.3 Description of findings ............................................................................................................................................... 52 4.2 Key findings of socio-economic survey .............................................................................................................................. 52 4.2.1 General information about surveyed households ....................................................................................................... 52 Households’ family size .................................................................................................................................................. 53 Educational level of household members ....................................................................................................................... 53 Occupation of household members ................................................................................................................................. 54 Involvement of household members in agricultural production ..................................................................................... 55 4.2.2 Land resources ........................................................................................................................................................... 55 4.2.3 Agricultural production .............................................................................................................................................. 61 4.2.4 Livestock ..................................................................................................................................................................... 63 Households with livestock and livestock availability ..................................................................................................... 63 Sources of fodder for domestic animals .......................................................................................................................... 63 Reason for keeping livestock .......................................................................................................................................... 64 4.2.5 Access to fodder ......................................................................................................................................................... 65 4.2.6 Households’ energy sources for heating and cooking ................................................................................................ 66 Available energy sources ................................................................................................................................................ 66 Primary sources of energy separately for cooking and heating ...................................................................................... 67 Where does energy come from and how much does it cost ............................................................................................ 67 Access to energy resources ............................................................................................................................................. 68 4.2.7 Crop cultivation ......................................................................................................................................................... 69 Cultivated crops .............................................................................................................................................................. 69 Reason for crops cultivation, harvests, satisfaction with harvests .................................................................................. 70 Crops for sale, purchased crops ...................................................................................................................................... 71 4.2.8 Households’ property and food stocks ....................................................................................................................... 72 4.2.9 Households expenditure

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