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KOTA CIREBON - JAWA BARAT Studi Kasus: Telaah Morfologi Kawasan Pesisir Kelurahan Panjunan,Lemahwungkuk, Kasepuhan,Kasunean - Kota Cirebon

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KOTA CIREBON - JAWA BARAT Studi Kasus: Telaah Morfologi Kawasan Pesisir Kelurahan Panjunan,Lemahwungkuk, Kasepuhan,Kasunean - Kota Cirebon Perjanjian No. III/LPPM/2012-09/111-P LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN ARSITEKTUR KOTA TAHUN 2012 STRUKTUR PESISIR (WATERFRONT) KOTA CIREBON - JAWA BARAT Studi Kasus: Telaah Morfologi kawasan Pesisir Kelurahan Panjunan,Lemahwungkuk, Kasepuhan,Kasunean - Kota Cirebon Peneliti: Ketua : Ir. Karyadi Kusliansjah, MT,IAI Anggota : Ir. Adam Ramadhan, MT. Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung, Februari 2012 PENGANTAR Melalui buku ini kami sampaikan laporan hasil penelitian bidang arsitektur kota, sesuai perjanjian LPPM UNPAR No. III/LPPM/2012-09/111-P, berjudul: STRUKTUR PESISIR (WATERFRONT) KOTA CIREBON - JAWA BARAT Studi Kasus: Telaah Morfologi kawasan Pesisir Kelurahan Panjunan,Lemahwungkuk, Kasepuhan, Kasunean - Kota Cirebon. Pada buku laporan ini memuat kegiatan pelaksanaan penelitian dan pembiayaan yang pelaksanaan penelitiannya dijadwalkan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Desember 2012, meliputi: 1. Studi awal dan penyusunan proposal (konsep penelitian, state of the art penelitian, metode survei, metode analisa dan sintesa, dan alokasi pembiayaan penelitian) 2. Presentasi seminar proposal penelitian 3. Survei lapangan untuk pendataan elemen jalan sebagai struktur kota Cirebon, dilakukan pada Agustus dan September 2012 1. Proses analisa dan sintesa penelitian 2. Penyusunan laporan penelitian dan keuangan biaya penelitian, 3. Presentasi seminar hasil penelitian 4. Penyerahan laporan keuangan beserta bukti-bukti pendukung. 5. Penyerahan laporan hasil pelaksanaan penelitian 6. Rencana publikasi makalah hasil penelitian dalam semester Genap 2012/2013, melalui e-jurnal Unpar, Perpustakaan Unpar, jurnal internal TATANAN Jurusan Arsitektur UNPAR dan Warta PURA (lab ARKODEKO), Jurnal Arsitektur, Buletin BAPPEDA Kota Cirebon, Seminar Arsitektur Perkotaan Kami berharap hasil penelitian ini dapat memperkaya bidang penelitian urban waterfront pada kota-kota pesisir di Indonesia – Jurusan Arsitektur - Fakultas Teknik khususnya dan LPPM UNPAR umumnya. Atas dukungan dan dorongan motivasi semua pihak dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini kami menghaturkan banyak terima kasih. Semoga bermanfaat. Bandung,Februari 2013 Peneliti, . Ir.Karyadi Kusliansjah,MT. Penelitian Arsiektur Kota Cirebon ii Y. Karyadi Kusliansjah- Adam Ramadhan, 2012-2013 STRUKTUR PESISIR (WATERFRONT) KOTA CIREBON - JAWA BARAT Studi Kasus:Telaah Morfologi kawasan Pesisir Kelurahan Panjunan, Lemahwungkuk, Kasepuhan, Kasunean - Kota Cirebon. Abstrak Tujuannya penelitian ini berupaya mengkonseptualisasikan struktur kota lama dan pengembangan struktur baru pesisir kota Cirebon di masa sekarang. Penelitian ini, mengkaji struktur kota(jalan,sungai,kanal,pantai) sebagai bagian morfologi pembentuk kota Cirebon dan menstrukturisasikan pola pengembangan kawasan pesisir kota ini sebagai waterfront city. Peran kota Cirebon sekarang sebagai ibukota kabupaten Ciebon di Jawa Barat. Kota ini dilintasi oleh jalur Pantura dan berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Indramayu, Kabupaten Majalengka dan Kabupaten Kuningan dan Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Letak kota secara geografis pada koordinat 108° 33´ BT dan 6° 42´ LS. sebagai dataran rendah dengan luas wilayah pantai ±3.810 Ha. Sedimentasi telah menambah luas wilayah administrasi kota, diperkirakan hingga menjadi ± 75 ha. Sejarah mencatat kota ini telah dikenal dari 622 tahun lalu sebagai kota bandar terbuka sampai kekawasan Asia Tenggara dengan pelabuhan Muara Jati di pesisir pantai laut Jawa dan menjadi pusat kerajaan dan penyebaran Islam terutama di wilayah Jawa Barat (1479). Morfologi kota Cirebon tidak terlepas dari perkembangan peran ketiga Kesultanan di kota ini, yaitu: Kesultanan Kasepuhan, Kesultanan Kanoman, dan Kesultan Kaceribonan. Pengaruh perdagangan antar bangsa hingga kolonial Belanda (1596) turut menentukannya, maupun intervensi kekuasaan yang merubah status pemerintahan kota Cirebon dari disahkannya menjadi Gemeente Cheribon (1926), dirubah menjadi Kota Praja (1957), kemudian ditetapkan sebagai Kotamadya (1965) hingga sekarang menjadi Kota Cirebon. Pertumbuhan terencana struktur kota lama signifikan terjadi di era penjajah Belanda, yang mengintervensi struktur awal berbasis lintasan-lintas lokal tradisional. Pembangunan jaringan jalan De Groote Postweg (1808-1811) dan jalur kereta api menghubungkan beberapa kota di pulau Jawa juga melintas kota Cirebon. Kebijakan ini memicu peran kota menjadi kota transit dan berpengaruh pula bagi pertumbuhan industri dan perdagangannya. Peran pelabuhan Cirebon masa sekarang sangat penting mendukung kota-kota di Jawa Barat, disamping adanya jalan Pantura yang melintasinya, menjadikan peran Cirebon berkembang sebagai kota dagang, kota transit dan kota wisata kesejarahan. Dinamika perkembangan ini menuntut tersedianya ruang penunjang bagi kebutuhan kota yang terpadu dengan struktur kota lama. Permasalahan fisik spasial kota di era kebijakan otonomi daerah masa sekarang adalah kendala luas kota Cirebon, yang dibatasi oleh wilayah kabupaten tetangganya maupun pesisir laut Jawa. Akibatnya peluang perkembangan tata ruang kota perlu dikonsepkan secara vertikal dan atau horisontal kearah laut, yaitu mengembangkan potensi dan strukturisasi dataran rendah pesisir yang terbentuk oleh sedimentasi. Diperlukan beberapa penelitian yang memberi dasar kelayakan pelaksanaan konsepsi diatas, diantaranya adalah penelitian struktur (urban path)pesisir kota ini, pada sample kawasan Kelurahan Panjunan, Lemahwungkuk, Kasepuhan, Kasunean - Kota Cirebon. Penelitian morfologi kota ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus–Desember 2012 dan menjadi bagian dalam roadmap penelitian urban architecture waterfront di Indonesia. Metoda penelitian ini berbasis kualitatif- interpretatif. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi tatar akademik untuk memperluas wawasan lokalitas arsitektur kota tepian air [urban waterfront], menggali informasi dan kontribusi bagi tataran praktek untuk pengembangan pembangunan kota Cirebon menuju New Waterfront City di masa depan. Keywords: Elemen Urban Path, Struktur dan Arsitektur Kota, Pesisir Kota, Cirebon Penelitian Arsiektur Kota Cirebon iii Y. Karyadi Kusliansjah- Adam Ramadhan, 2012-2013 Daftar Isi Lembar pengesahan ii Bukti Pelaksanaan Seminar iii Pengantar iv Abstrak v Daftar Isi vi Daftar Gambar vi BAB 1: PENDAHULUAN 1 1.1. Latar Belakang 1 1.2. Permasalahan Penelitian 3 1.3. Tujuan dan Maksud (Urgensi) Penelitian 3 1.4. Manfaat ( Kontribusi) Penelitian 4 1.5. Ruang Lingkup dan Batasan Penelitian 4 1.6. Telaah Kepustakaan 5 1.7. Kerangka Teoritis /Konseptual 9 1.8. Kerangka Penelitian 9 1.9. Metodologi Penelitian 10 1.10. Tahap Penelitian 11 1.11. Kerangka Penulisan 12 1.12. Jadwal dan Luar Penelitian 13 BAB 2: TEORITIKAL STRUKTUR DALAM MORFOLOGI KOTA PESISIR 14 2.1. Kajian Struktur Kota 14 2.2 Kajian Struktur Kota Pesisir dari Berbagai Perspektif 19 2.3. Kajian Tipo-Morfologi Unsur-Unsur yang Membentuk Pola dan 24 Mempengaruhi Tata Ruang Kota Pesisir. 2.4. Kajian Ruang Kota / urban space 25 2.5. Kajian Struktur Kota dan Morfologi Kota, 25 2.6 Teori Membaca Struktur Kota 26 BAB 3: MORFOLOGI KOTA CIREBON – JAWA BARAT 29 3.1. Pengaruh Geomorfologi pada Struktur Pesisir Kota Cirebon 29 3.2. Dinamika Kota Pesisir dalam kajian historis 30 3.3. Morfologi Kota Pesisir 33 3.4. Pola Struktur Pesisir Kota Cirebon 35 3.5 Relasi Struktur Pesisir Kota Cirebon 40 3.6 Transformasi Struktur Pesisir Kota Cirebon 42 BAB4: STRUKTUR DAN BENTUK FIGURAL PADA PESISIR KOTA CIREBON 43 4.1. Struktur Urban Pattern Kawasan Pesisir Kota Cirebon 43 4.2. Konfigurasi Pola pada Struktur Kota / generic type urban pattern 53 4.3. Urban Pattern Mempengaruhi Tatanan Arsitektur Pesisir 56 4.4 Kompleksitas Urban Pattern Kawasan Pesisir 59 4.5. Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Cirebon 2011-2031 60 BAB5: KESIMPULAN DAN TEMUAN 63 5.1. Kesimpulan Kota 63 5.2. Temuan 64 5.3 Rekomendasi 64 DAFTAR PUSTAKA viii LAMPIRAN x Penelitian Arsiektur Kota Cirebon iv Y. Karyadi Kusliansjah- Adam Ramadhan, 2012-2013 DAFTAR GAMBAR DAN SKEMA Gambar 1 Lokasi sample penelitian di pesisir kota Cirebon 4 Sumber: Google, 2012 Gambar 2 Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon (1529 ) 6 Sumber: Google, 2012 Gambar 3 Keraton Kanoman Cirebon 6 Sumber: Google, 2012 Gambar 4 Keraton Kaceribonan Cirebon (1800) 6 Sumber: Google, 2012 Gambar 5 .Peta De Grote Postweg – Anjer – Panarukan(1808-1810) 6 Sumber: Google, 2012 Gambar 6 GJ. Hindia Belanda Herman Willem Daendels 6 Sumber: Google, 2012 Gambar 7 Posisi kota Cirebon 7 Sumber: Google, 2012 Gambar 8 Peta Bagian Wilayah Kota Cirebon 7 Sumber: Google, 2012 Gambar 9 Pengindraan satellite pesisir kota Cirebon 7 Sumber: Google Earth,2012 Gambar 10 Bagan Alir Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian 9 Sumber: Karyadi K, 2012 Gambar 11 Bagan Alir Pentahapan Penelitian 10 Sumber: Karyadi K, 2012 Gambar 12 Tabel Jadwal Penelitian 12 Sumber: Karyadi K, 2012 Gambar 13 Bagan alir Kajiam Sruktur Kota dengan Pendekatan Tipo Morfologi 14 Sumber: Karyadi K, 2012 Gambar 14 Tree Pattern an integrated taxonomy 15 Sumber: Karyadi K, 2012 Gambar 15 Composition, Configuration or Constitution 15 Sumber: Stephen Marshall,2004. Gambar 16 Composition geometric layout & Configuration of typology link-ode, ordering, 16 adjacency, connectivity Sumber :Stephen Marshall,2004 Gambar 17 Composition (highest ranking element of a tree), Configuration (greatest girth) & 16 Constitution (highest continuity& connectivity) Sumber:StephenMarshall,2004 Gambar 18 Tipologis pola/ structure Radial Composition, Tree Configuration & Dendritic 16 Constitution Sumber:StephenMarshall,2004 Gambar 19 Type of Constitutional structure 16 Sumber: Stephen Marshall,2004
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