REV-Erbα and REV-Erbβ Function As Key Factors Regulating
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Circadian Clock in Cell Culture: II
The Journal of Neuroscience, January 1988, 8(i): 2230 Circadian Clock in Cell Culture: II. /n vitro Photic Entrainment of Melatonin Oscillation from Dissociated Chick Pineal Cells Linda M. Robertson and Joseph S. Takahashi Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201 The avian pineal gland contains circadian oscillators that regulate the rhythmic synthesisof melatonin (Takahashi et al., regulate the rhythmic synthesis of melatonin. We have de- 1980; Menaker and Wisner, 1983; Takahashi and Menaker, veloped a flow-through cell culture system in order to begin 1984b). Previous work has shown that light exposure in vitro to study the cellular and molecular basis of this vertebrate can modulate N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin pro- circadian oscillator. Pineal cell cultures express a circadian duction in chick pineal organ cultures (Deguchi, 1979a, 1981; oscillation of melatonin release for at least 5 cycles in con- Wainwright and Wainwright, 1980; Hamm et al., 1983; Taka- stant darkness with a period close to 24 hr. In all circadian hashi and Menaker, 1984b). Although acute exposure to light systems, light regulates the rhythm by the process of en- can suppressmelatonin synthesis, photic entrainment of cir- trainment that involves control of the phase and period of cadian rhythms in the pineal in vitro has not been definitively the circadian oscillator. In chick pineal cell cultures we have demonstrated. Preliminary work hassuggested that entrainment investigated the entraining effects of light in 2 ways: by shift- may occur; however, none of these studies demonstrated that ing the light-dark cycle in vitro and by measuring the phase- the steady-state phase of the oscillator was regulated by light shifting effects of single light pulses. -
Distinct Patterns of Period Gene Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Underlie Circadian Clock Photoentrainment by Advances Or Delays
University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS Neurobiology Publications and Presentations Neurobiology 2011-10-11 Distinct patterns of Period gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus underlie circadian clock photoentrainment by advances or delays William J. Schwartz University of Massachusetts Medical School Et al. Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/neurobiology_pp Part of the Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons Repository Citation Schwartz WJ, Tavakoli-Nezhad M, Lambert CM, Weaver DR, de la Iglesia HO. (2011). Distinct patterns of Period gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus underlie circadian clock photoentrainment by advances or delays. Neurobiology Publications and Presentations. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.1107848108. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/neurobiology_pp/114 This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Neurobiology Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Distinct patterns of Period gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus underlie circadian clock photoentrainment by advances or delays William J. Schwartza,1, Mahboubeh Tavakoli-Nezhada, Christopher M. Lambertb, David R. Weaverb, and Horacio O. de la Iglesiac,1 Departments of aNeurology and bNeurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655; and cDepartment of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Edited by Michael Rosbash, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Waltham, MA, and approved September 9, 2011 (received for review May 19, 2011) The circadian clock in the mammalian hypothalamic suprachias- and Per3) genes is activated. PER proteins accumulate in the matic nucleus (SCN) is entrained by the ambient light/dark cycle, cytoplasm, are regulated through their phosphorylation and their which differentially acts to cause the clock to advance or delay. -
SHARP1 (BHLHE41) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [Clone ID: OTI3H4] Product Data
OriGene Technologies, Inc. 9620 Medical Center Drive, Ste 200 Rockville, MD 20850, US Phone: +1-888-267-4436 [email protected] EU: [email protected] CN: [email protected] Product datasheet for TA806354 SHARP1 (BHLHE41) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [Clone ID: OTI3H4] Product data: Product Type: Primary Antibodies Clone Name: OTI3H4 Applications: IHC, WB Recommended Dilution: WB 1:2000, IHC 1:150 Reactivity: Human Host: Mouse Isotype: IgG1 Clonality: Monoclonal Immunogen: Human recombinant protein fragment corresponding to amino acids 1-297 of human BHLHE41(NP_110389) produced in E.coli. Formulation: PBS (PH 7.3) containing 1% BSA, 50% glycerol and 0.02% sodium azide. Concentration: 1 mg/ml Purification: Purified from mouse ascites fluids or tissue culture supernatant by affinity chromatography (protein A/G) Conjugation: Unconjugated Storage: Store at -20°C as received. Stability: Stable for 12 months from date of receipt. Predicted Protein Size: 50.3 kDa Gene Name: basic helix-loop-helix family member e41 Database Link: NP_110389 Entrez Gene 79365 Human Q9C0J9 Background: This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein expressed in various tissues. The encoded protein can interact with ARNTL or compete for E-box binding sites in the promoter of PER1 and repress CLOCK/ARNTL's transactivation of PER1. This gene is believed to be involved in the control of circadian rhythm and cell differentiation. Defects in this gene are associated with the short sleep phenotype. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014] This product is to be used for laboratory only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use. View online » ©2021 OriGene Technologies, Inc., 9620 Medical Center Drive, Ste 200, Rockville, MD 20850, US 1 / 2 SHARP1 (BHLHE41) Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [Clone ID: OTI3H4] – TA806354 Synonyms: BHLHB3; DEC2; hDEC2; SHARP1 Protein Families: Transcription Factors Protein Pathways: Circadian rhythm - mammal Product images: HEK293T cells were transfected with the pCMV6- ENTRY control (Left lane) or pCMV6-ENTRY BHLHE41 ([RC206882], Right lane) cDNA for 48 hrs and lysed. -
Regulation of Drosophila Circadian Rhythms by Mirna Let-7 Is Mediated by a Regulatory Cycle
ARTICLE Received 10 Jul 2014 | Accepted 10 Oct 2014 | Published 24 Nov 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549 Regulation of Drosophila circadian rhythms by miRNA let-7 is mediated by a regulatory cycle Wenfeng Chen1,*, Zhenxing Liu1,*, Tianjiao Li1, Ruifeng Zhang1, Yongbo Xue1, Yang Zhong1, Weiwei Bai1, Dasen Zhou1 & Zhangwu Zhao1 MicroRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulations are increasingly recognized as important components of the circadian rhythm. Here we identify microRNA let-7, part of the Drosophila let-7-Complex, as a regulator of circadian rhythms mediated by a circadian regulatory cycle. Overexpression of let-7 in clock neurons lengthens circadian period and its deletion attenuates the morning activity peak as well as molecular oscillation. Let-7 regulates the circadian rhythm via repression of CLOCKWORK ORANGE (CWO). Conversely, upregulated cwo in cwo-expressing cells can rescue the phenotype of let-7-Complex overexpression. Moreover, circadian prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) and CLOCK- regulated 20-OH ecdysteroid signalling contribute to the circadian expression of let-7 through the 20-OH ecdysteroid receptor. Thus, we find a regulatory cycle involving PTTH, a direct target of CLOCK, and PTTH-driven miRNA let-7. 1 Department of Entomology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. * These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Z.Z. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 5:5549 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549 lmost all animals display a wide range of circadian bantam-dependent regulation of Clk expression is required for rhythms in behaviour and physiology, such as locomotor circadian rhythm. -
A Circadian Biomarker Associated with Breast Cancer in Young Women
268 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Period3 Structural Variation: A Circadian Biomarker Associated with Breast Cancer in Young Women Yong Zhu,1 Heather N. Brown,1 Yawei Zhang,1 Richard G. Stevens,2 and Tongzhang Zheng1 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut and 2University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut Abstract Circadian disruption has been indicated as a risk factor for blood samples collected from a recently completed breast breast cancer in recent epidemiologic studies. A novel cancer case-control study in Connecticut. There were 389 finding in circadian biology is that genes responsible for Caucasian cases and 432 Caucasian controls included in our circadian rhythm also regulate many other biological path- analysis. We found that the variant Per3 genotype (heterozy- ways, including cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and gous + homozygous 5-repeat alleles) was associated with an apoptosis. Therefore, mutations in circadian genes could increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women conceivably result in deregulation of these processes and (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.0). Our find- contribute to tumor development, and be markers for ing suggests that the circadian genes might be a novel panel susceptibility to human cancer. In this study, we investi- of potential biomarkers for breast cancer and worth further gated the association between an exonic length variation in a investigation. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev circadian gene, Period3 (Per3), and breast cancer risk using 2005;14(1):268–70) Introduction Genetic determinants have been found to be responsible for a Per2 gene can activate c-Myc signaling pathways leading to fundamental biological phenomenon: a universal 24-hour genomic instability and cell proliferation. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Circadian Gene Networks In Bone Regeneration A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Oral Biology by Nathaniel Raphael Hassan 2012 ABSTRACT OF THESIS Circadian Gene Networks In Bone Regeneration By Nathaniel Raphael Hassan Master of Science in Oral Biology University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Ichiro Nishimura, Chair BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that vitamin D played a significant role in bone regeneration, facilitating the establishment of implant osseointegration. A whole genome microarray study further suggested that the vitamin D axis might involve circadian rhythm gene expression in the bone peripheral tissue. OBJECTIVES: To identify key gene networks involved with vitamin D receptor in the bone regeneration process and to explore any correlation with circadian rhythm gene expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BMSC). METHODS: The available whole gene microarray data was analyzed using the weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) R package and Cytoscape software. Any gene expression correlation was examined for vitamin D receptor (VDR) as well as circadian rhythm ii genes. Separately, Per 1 luciferase transgenic Wistar rats were then applied for in vitro evaluation on BMSC circadian rhythm. Per1::luc BMSCs were seeded on 35mm dishes and forskolin-synchronized luminescence was recorded across different media conditions. The recording media included growth medium containing F12 (10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 1% Pen- Strep and antibiotic) supplemented with or without 1 nM 1,25D. Luminescence was also recorded in F12 growth medium containing bone differentiation factors (beta glycerophosphate, Ascorbic acid and Dexamethasone) supplemented with 0, 1 or 10 nM 1,25D. -
NPAS2 As a Transcriptional Regulator of Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep: Genotype and Sex Interactions
NPAS2 as a transcriptional regulator of non-rapid eye movement sleep: Genotype and sex interactions Paul Franken*†‡, Carol A. Dudley§, Sandi Jo Estill§, Monique Barakat*, Ryan Thomason¶, Bruce F. O’Hara¶, and Steven L. McKnight‡§ §Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; *Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; ¶Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506; and †Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland Contributed by Steven L. McKnight, March 13, 2006 Because the transcription factor neuronal Per-Arnt-Sim-type sig- delta frequency range is a sensitive marker of time spent awake (4, nal-sensor protein-domain protein 2 (NPAS2) acts both as a sensor 7) and local cortical activation (8) and is therefore widely used as and an effector of intracellular energy balance, and because sleep an index of NREMS need and intensity. is thought to correct an energy imbalance incurred during waking, The PAS-domain proteins, CLOCK, BMAL1, PERIOD-1 we examined NPAS2’s role in sleep homeostasis using npas2 (PER1), and PER2, play crucial roles in circadian rhythm gener- knockout (npas2؊/؊) mice. We found that, under conditions of ation (9). The NPAS2 paralog CLOCK, like NPAS2, can induce the increased sleep need, i.e., at the end of the active period or after transcription of per1, per2, cryptochrome-1 (cry1), and cry2. PER and sleep deprivation (SD), NPAS2 allows for sleep to occur at times CRY proteins, in turn, inhibit CLOCK- and NPAS2-induced when mice are normally awake. Lack of npas2 affected electroen- transcription, thereby closing a negative-feedback loop that is cephalogram activity of thalamocortical origin; during non-rapid thought to underlie circadian rhythm generation. -
A Molecular Perspective of Human Circadian Rhythm Disorders Nicolas Cermakian* , Diane B
Brain Research Reviews 42 (2003) 204–220 www.elsevier.com/locate/brainresrev Review A molecular perspective of human circadian rhythm disorders Nicolas Cermakian* , Diane B. Boivin Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada Accepted 10 March 2003 Abstract A large number of physiological variables display 24-h or circadian rhythms. Genes dedicated to the generation and regulation of physiological circadian rhythms have now been identified in several species, including humans. These clock genes are involved in transcriptional regulatory feedback loops. The mutation of these genes in animals leads to abnormal rhythms or even to arrhythmicity in constant conditions. In this view, and given the similarities between the circadian system of humans and rodents, it is expected that mutations of clock genes in humans may give rise to health problems, in particular sleep and mood disorders. Here we first review the present knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythmicity, and we then revisit human circadian rhythm syndromes in light of the molecular data. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Theme: Neural basis of behavior Topic: Biological rhythms and sleep Keywords: Circadian rhythm; Clock gene; Sleep disorder; Suprachiasmatic nucleus Contents 1 . Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 205 -
Play Clock Operator Guide
NFHS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR FOOTBALL GAME AND PLAY CLOCK OPERATORS A. The game and play clock operators should report to the game officials at the stadium at least 30 minutes before game time for the following purposes: 1. To synchronize timer’s watch with official game time as established by the game official responsible for timing. 2. To advise game officials whether the game clock operator and/or play clock operator will be in the press box or on the field/side- line. Determine procedure for communications with both operators and test procedures prior to the games. 3. To discuss coordination of starting, stopping and adjusting the game clock or play clock in accordance with the playing rules. 4. To discuss if the game clock horn (mechanical signal) can be turned off. Preference is for the game clock horn (mechanical signal) to be turned off for the duration of the game. B. The game clock is normally started 30 minutes before game time. The halftime intermission will start on the referee’s signal when the players and game officials leave the field. All pregame and halftime activities shall be synchronized with the game clock. The mandatory three-minute warm-up period will be put on the game clock after the intermission time has elapsed and shall be started immediately. C. The game clock operator shall have an extra stopwatch available. In case of failure of the game clock, the game clock operator shall immediately contact the game officials, giving them the correct data regarding the official time. The game official responsible for timing will then pick up the correct game time on the stopwatch. -
Agonists and Knockdown of Estrogen Receptor Β Differentially Affect
Schüler-Toprak et al. BMC Cancer (2016) 16:951 DOI 10.1186/s12885-016-2973-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Agonists and knockdown of estrogen receptor β differentially affect invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro Susanne Schüler-Toprak1*, Julia Häring1, Elisabeth C. Inwald1, Christoph Moehle2, Olaf Ortmann1 and Oliver Treeck1 Abstract Background: Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is expressed in the majority of invasive breast cancer cases, irrespective of their subtype, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Thus, ERβ might be a potential target for therapy of this challenging cancer type. In this in vitro study, we examined the role of ERβ in invasion of two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Methods: MDA-MB-231 and HS578T breast cancer cells were treated with the specific ERβ agonists ERB-041, WAY200070, Liquiritigenin and 3β-Adiol. Knockdown of ERβ expression was performed by means of siRNA transfection. Effects on cellular invasion were assessed in vitro by means of a modified Boyden chamber assay. Transcriptome analyses were performed using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST microarrays. Pathway and gene network analyses were performed by means of Genomatix and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Results: Invasiveness of MBA-MB-231 and HS578T breast cancer cells decreased after treatment with ERβ agonists ERB-041 and WAY200070. Agonists Liquiritigenin and 3β-Adiol only reduced invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Knockdown of ERβ expression increased invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells about 3-fold. Transcriptome and pathway analyses revealed that ERβ knockdown led to activation of TGFβ signalling and induced expression of a network of genes with functions in extracellular matrix, tumor cell invasion and vitamin D3 metabolism. -
Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells Through Disruption of the Circadian Clock
Published OnlineFirst August 27, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0215 RESEARCH ARTICLE Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells through Disruption of the Circadian Clock Zhen Dong1, Guoxin Zhang1, Meng Qu2, Ryan C. Gimple1,3, Qiulian Wu1, Zhixin Qiu1, Briana C. Prager1,3, Xiuxing Wang1, Leo J.Y. Kim1,3, Andrew R. Morton3, Deobrat Dixit1, Wenchao Zhou4, Haidong Huang4, Bin Li5, Zhe Zhu1, Shideng Bao4, Stephen C. Mack6, Lukas Chavez7, Steve A. Kay2, and Jeremy N. Rich1 Downloaded from cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org on September 24, 2021. © 2019 American Association for Cancer Research. Published OnlineFirst August 27, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-19-0215 ABSTRACT Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers, containing self-renewing glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Here, we show that GSCs, differentiated glioblastoma cells (DGC), and nonmalignant brain cultures all displayed robust circadian rhythms, yet GSCs alone displayed exquisite dependence on core clock transcription factors, BMAL1 and CLOCK, for optimal cell growth. Downregulation of BMAL1 or CLOCK in GSCs induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Chromatin immu- noprecipitation revealed that BMAL1 preferentially bound metabolic genes and was associated with active chromatin regions in GSCs compared with neural stem cells. Targeting BMAL1 or CLOCK attenu- ated mitochondrial metabolic function and reduced expression of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. Small-molecule agonists of two independent BMAL1–CLOCK negative regulators, the cryptochromes and REV-ERBs, downregulated stem cell factors and reduced GSC growth. Combination of cryp- tochrome and REV-ERB agonists induced synergistic antitumor effi cacy. Collectively, these fi ndings show that GSCs co-opt circadian regulators beyond canonical circadian circuitry to promote stemness maintenance and metabolism, offering novel therapeutic paradigms. -
A Wheel of Time: the Circadian Clock, Nuclear Receptors, and Physiology
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on September 29, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press PERSPECTIVE A wheel of time: the circadian clock, nuclear receptors, and physiology Xiaoyong Yang1 Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA It is a long-standing view that the circadian clock func- The rhythmic production and circulation of many tions to proactively align internal physiology with the hormones and metabolites within the endocrine system 24-h rotation of the earth. Recent studies, including one is instrumental in regulating regular physiological pro- by Schmutz and colleagues (pp. 345–357) in the February cesses such as reproduction, blood pressure, and metabo- 15, 2010, issue of Genes & Development, delineate strik- lism. Levels of circulating estrogen and progesterone ingly complex connections between molecular clocks and fluctuate with the menstrual cycle, which in turn affect nuclear receptor signaling pathways, implying the exis- circadian rhythms in women (Shechter and Boivin 2010). tence of a large-scale circadian regulatory network co- In parallel with a diurnal rhythm in circulating adrenocor- ordinating a diverse array of physiological processes to ticotropic hormone, secretion of glucocorticoids and aldo- maintain dynamic homeostasis. sterone from the adrenal gland rises before awakening (Weitzman 1976). Glucocorticoids boost energy produc- tion, and aldosterone increases blood pressure, together gearing up the body for the activity phase. Similarly, Light from the sun sustains life on earth. The 24-h plasma levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and triiodo- rotation of the earth exposes a vast number of plants thyronine have a synchronous diurnal rhythm (Russell and animals to the light/dark cycle.