JPR374 RELIGION and POWER in the POST‐COLONY Syllabus 2011‐2012

University of Toronto Department of Political Science Department for the Study of Religion

JPR374 RELIGION AND POWER IN THE POST‐COLONY Syllabus 2011‐2012

Time: Tuesday, 2‐4 pm. Location: Northrop Frye Instructor: Prof. Ruth Marshall Office: 300, Jackman Humanities Building, 170 St. George St. Phone: 978‐0241 Email: [email protected] Office Hours: Wed.1‐2, Thurs. 2‐3

COURSE DESCRIPTION AND AIMS: Over the past two decades, many post‐colonial societies have experienced a religious effervescence unseen since the colonial period. Religious violence has risen significantly and religious discourses increasingly colonize public spaces. The most visible and successful forms have emerged from within transnational Christianity and Islam, yet this period has also witnessed the dramatic rise of variety of other religious and spiritual forms. This course will examine the relationship between religion and power in post‐colonial contexts, with a view to better understanding these recent developments and the histories that have contributed to them.

Drawing on readings from politics, sociology, anthropology, post‐colonial studies and history, the course will introduce students to central approaches to understanding the relationship between religion and power in post‐colonial societies, focusing on a critical and comparative understanding of the various ways in which religion has been crucially embedded in cultural, social and political processes. The majority of empirical cases will be taken from Africa, but we will also cover readings on India, Asia and Latin America. Students will acquire a critical understanding of the interplay in post‐colonial societies between religion and a variety of themes and issues: colonialism, secularization theory, modernization and development theory, nationalism and nation‐building, race, gender, ethnicity, identity politics, transnational religious movements, the globalization of capitalism, violence and terror, peace and justice. Students will be introduced to a variety of religious forms and practices, with an emphasis on Christianity and Islam, but also forms of spiritual practice such as witchcraft and magic. Students will gain insight into the place of religion in post‐colonial societies, as well as a more critical understanding of the role religion plays in contemporary political and social issues in the West.

This course is offered jointly by the Departments of Political Science and Study of Religion, and seeks to transcend disciplinary boundaries, creating a critical and open learning environment

where students will be enriched by a broad range of approaches to the issues, as well as exchanges with their peers from other areas of study.

Depending on course enrolment, the course will be conducted either as a full seminar, or as a lecture with a significant discussion component. It will require thorough preparation for each class and regular contributions from all students.

REQUIREMENTS:

1. Reading: Careful and critical reading of the assigned materials before class is essential. You will not be able to complete the weekly assignments or participate in discussions without a good understanding of the required readings. Please bring your reading materials with you on the day they will be discussed.

2. Attendance/Discussion: You will be expected to raise questions, share your knowledge and views with other class members and actively participate in class discussion. In the second hour of the class, discussion will focus on the week’s postings, and students will be called on to present their arguments and discuss those of their peers. Students who miss class should expect to have their grade lowered. Punctuality is important.

POSTING ON BLACKBOARD DISCUSSION FORUM – REQUIREMENTS 3 and 4. The class will be divided into two groups – check Blackboard for your group. Groups will post on alternate weeks either a reading blog or a response paper in the Discussion Forum in Blackboard. Postings will begin in Week 2, and end in Week 23. See the Syllabus for your group’s week to post. You must post in your allotted week and on time. Late postings will not be graded.

3. Informal Reading Blogs – 6 per term – 150 words minimum Rather than formal essays, blog entries are meant to be personal reflections on designated readings – as well as reflecting on the readings, you can respond to your peers, ask questions, bring insights from other courses or experiences. You aren’t required to use a formal style, but please proof‐read your entries and don’t use text or chat‐‘ese’, since the instructor doesn’t speak it. Your entries must demonstrate (1) an understanding of the assigned readings and (2) an attempt to situate those readings within the framework of that week’s theme or topic. Entries are not limited in length, and if you want you can make more than one, but each posting should be no less than 150 words. Blogs are to be posted by 8pm on the Monday evening before class.

4. Response Papers – 4 per term – 500 words The groups will take turns posting response papers in answer to a question on the week’s readings posted by me in the Discussion Forum on Blackboard. Be sure to critically engage with the questions, not simply sum up the readings. The questions will require you to reflect on the week’s theme and bring the week’s readings into conversation. As short as they might seem, each paper is meant to be a coherent and elegant piece of writing. They will be graded on the quality of the writing and critical engagement. You may either post your paper as a Word document, or paste it directly into the Forum’s thread. Please proof‐read it carefully. No references are required; if necessary, you can refer to 2

page numbers of readings you are referring to in the body of the text. All responses must be posted by 8pm on the Monday evening before class.

Students must come to class ready to discuss the questions and their responses, and each week a smaller group of students selected among those who have posted will lead the discussion.

5. Short First Term Essay Due November 29 Your paper must be between 6‐8 pages, double‐spaced. It will focus on one of the broad themes we have covered in the first term (ie. Colonialism, Nationalism, etc.) giving you the opportunity for developing a synthetic and critical assessment of the related group of readings and discussions which have developed from them in class. More guidelines will be discussed in class.

6. Final Research Essay: Due March 30 Your final paper must be between 12‐15 pages, double‐spaced. It will be a research‐based paper investigating one of the issues or topics covered during the year, giving you the opportunity for exploring it in more depth, or a related topic or region of interest to you, enabling you to critically extrapolate the cases and issues studied to another context. A paragraph on what you plan to write on is due on February 23. More guidelines will be discussed in class, and I am available to help you chose and develop your topic.

Evaluation: Reading Blogs (12 – 6 per term) 20% Response Papers (8 – 4 papers per term) 30% Short First Term Essay 20% Final Essay 30%

LATE ASSIGNMENTS Essays are due at the beginning of class on the due date. Essays must be submitted in hard copy and in person. Late essays will not be accepted and late postings will not be graded. The only exceptions will be medical or family emergencies, supported by the appropriate documentation. Students are required to keep both electronic and hard copies of their essays until their marked essays have been returned to them.

ESSAY WRITING: Clear, well‐organized, and articulate writing is an indispensable feature of the analytical process, and this course assumes that you are prepared to work on improving your capacity to communicate in prose. Please consult the “Writing at U of T” link www.utoronto.ca/writing to access a wide array of university‐wide resources. Each college also has a writing workshop, and I will be available during my office hours for consultation on any part of the essay‐writing process. Plagiarism is a serious academic offence and will not be tolerated. Trust you own ability to think and write, and use this course as an opportunity to refine your skills. Every student must read and abide by the University’s “How not to Plagiarize” document, http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/using-sources and are encouraged to discuss with me if they are unsure of what constitutes plagiarism or academic dishonesty.

JPR374 has a Blackboard website. Please login to the portal to access the link to this course. You will need to access Blackboard for the course information, readings, but also to in order to post weekly responses and blogs to readings in the Discussion Forum. You must have a valid UTOR ID and ensure that your UTOR email address is registered on Blackboard.

REQUIRED READING LIST: All reading listed under each week is required reading. In addition to the items listed, media reports and other articles may be posted on Blackboard and treated as required reading. Films shown will be considered as an integral part of the course, on par with readings and lectures. Content is subject to modification.

All readings from books will be posted on Blackboard or available for copy from the instructor or on library reserve. Articles from academic journals are available online at the Library.

FIRST TERM

Week 1: Sept. 13‐ Introduction, presentation of course themes

WEEKS 2‐7 – COLONIALISM, RELIGION AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE OTHER

Week 2: Sept. 20 BOTH Group 1 and 2 post Reading Blogs Achille Mbembe “Time on the Move” Introduction to On the Postcolony (University of California Press, 2001). pp. 1‐23. Homi Bhabha “Signs Taken for Wonders: Questions of Ambivalence and Authority under a Tree outside Delhi, May 1817” Critical Inquiry, Vol. 12, 1 (1985) pp. 144‐165. Valentin Mudimbe Chapter 1 ‐“Discourse of Power and Knowledge of Otherness” in The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy and the Order of Knowledge. (Indiana U. Press, 1988.) pp. 1‐23.

Week 3. Sept. 27 Group 1 posts Response Paper, Group 2 posts Reading Blog

Michael Taussig Shamanism, Colonialism and the Wild Man, (University of Chicago Press, 1987) Chapters 1, 2 and 3. pp. 1‐73.

Week 4: Oct. 4 Group 1 posts Reading Blog, Group 2 posts Response paper

Michael Taussig Shamanism, Colonialism and the Wild Man (University of Chicago Press, 1987) Chapters 4, 5 and 6. pp. 73 – 135.

Week 5: Oct. 11 Group 1 posts Response Paper, Group 2 posts Reading Blog

Jeffrey Cox “Master Narratives of Imperial Missions” in Mixed Messages: Materiality, Textuality, Missions (Palgrave,) pp.3‐18.

J. Comaroff, J.L. Comaroff Chapters 6 and 7 in Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism and Consciousness in South Africa. Vol One. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).

Week 6 ‐ Oct. 18 : Group 1 posts Reading Blog, Group 2 posts Response paper

Margaret Wiener “Hidden Forces: Colonialism and the Politics of Magic in the Netherlands Indies” in B. Meyer, P. Pels eds. Magic and Modernity: Interfaces of Revelation and Concealment (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003).

Webb Keane “Materialism, Missionaries and Modern Subjects in Colonial Indonesia” in Peter van der Veer ed. Conversion to Modernities: The Globalization of Christianity (Routledge: New York, 1996) pp. 137‐167.

Week 7‐ Oct. 25 BOTH Groups post Reading Blogs

Achille Mbembe “Of Commandement” in On the Postcolony (University of California Press, 2001). pp. 25‐66.

David Scott “Colonial Govermentality” in Refashioning Futures: Criticism after Postcoloniality. (Princeton U. Press, ) pp. 23‐53.

Weeks 8‐11 ‐ STATES, RESISTANCE, NATIONALISM

Week 8 ‐ Nov. 1 Group 1 posts Response Paper, Group 2 posts Reading Blog

Partha Chatterjee, Chapters 4, 5, The Nation and its Fragments (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993) p. 76‐115

Sunil Khilnani “Nehrus Faith” in Anuradha Dingwaney Needham, Rajeswari Sunder Rajan The crisis of secularism in India (Raleigh: Duke, 2007) p. 89‐106

Week 9 – Nov. 15 Group 1 posts Reading Blog, Group 2 posts Response paper

Gauri Viswanathan ‘Religious Conversion and the Politics of Dissent” in Peter van der Veer ed. Conversion to Modernities: The Globalization of Christianity (Routledge: New York, 1996)

K. Fields “Charismatic Religion as Popular Protest: The Ordinary and the Extraordinary in Social Movements” Theory and Society, Vol. 11, No. 3 (May, 1982), pp. 321‐361

Week 10 ‐ Nov. 22 Group 1 posts Response Paper, Group 2 posts Reading Blog

Ben Soares, Robert Launay “The Formation of an Islamic Sphere in Colonial French West Africa” Economy and Society, Vol. 28, No.4, 1999. pp. 497‐519.

Muhammad S. Umar. Muslims' Eschatological Discourses on Colonialism in Northern Nigeria” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Jun., 2000), pp. 255‐272 .

Week 11 ‐ Nov. 29 Group 1 posts Reading Blog, Group 2 posts Response paper

Peter van der Veer, Chapters 1, 2 “Secularity and Religion” “The Moral State: Religion, Nation and Empire”, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain

Ed Van Hoven “The Nation Turbaned? The Construction of Nationalist Muslim Identities in Senegal” Journal of Religion in Africa, Vol. 30, No 2 (May, 2000), pp. 225‐248.

Week 12 – Dec.6 : Film TBA SHORT ESSAY DUE ‐ NO POSTING THIS WEEK

SECOND TERM

WEEKS 13‐16 ‐ MODERNITIES, SECULARISM, IDENTITY

Week 13: Jan. 10 BOTH Groups post Reading Blogs

Charles Taylor “Two Theories of Modernity” Public Culture 11(1): 153‐174 (1999)

Christopher Houston “Alternative Modernities: Islamism and Secularism on Charles Taylor” Critique of Anthropology 1998; 18; 234‐240

Asad, Talal. “On religion, modernity and Islamism: Interview with Saba Mahmood”, Stanford Humanities Review (1996). Available online on: http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/5‐ 1/text/asad.html

Week 14: Jan. 17 Group 1 posts Response Paper, Group 2 posts Reading Blog

Peter Geschiere “Introduction: Witchcraft as a Political Discourse” The Modernity of Witchcraft (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1997)

Peter Geschiere “On Witch Doctors and Spin Doctors: The Role of ‘Experts’ in African and American Politics” in B. Meyer, P. Pels eds. Magic and Modernity: Interfaces of Revelation and Concealment ( Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003).

Week 15: Jan. 24 Group 1 posts Reading Blog, Group 2 posts Response paper Adam Ashforth Chapters 1, 3, 4 and 5. Witchcraft, Violence and Democracy in South Africa. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), pp. 1‐19, 63‐130. (Optional ‐ Chapter 2).

Week 16: Jan. 31 Group 1 posts Response Paper, Group 2 posts Reading Blog

Saba Mahmood Chapter 1, “The Subject of Freedom” Chapter 5, “Agency, Gender, and Embodiment” The Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and the Feminist Subject (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004). pp. 1‐39; 153‐88.

Fred Cooper “Identity” in Colonialism in Question (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005) p.59‐90

WEEKS 17‐ 24 GLOBALIZATION, VIOLENCE, DEMOCRACY

Week 17: Feb. 7 Group 1 posts Reading Blog, Group 2 posts Response paper

Olivier Roy “Introduction: Islam, the Passage to the West” in Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah

Kevin O’Neill Chapter Six, City of God: Christian Citizenship in Postwar Guatemala. (U. California Press, 2009) pp. 170‐196

A. Corten, R. Marshall‐Fratani “Introduction, Between Babel and Pentecost: Transnational Pentecostalism in Africa and Latin America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001). pp. 1‐21

Week 18: Feb. 14 BOTH groups post Reading Blogs

Kevin O’Neill “Introduction, Chapters 1, 2, City of God: Christian Citizenship in Postwar Guatemala. (U. California Press, 2009) pp. 1‐86.

Week 19: Feb. 28 NO POSTING THIS WEEK

Nigerian FILM showing ‐ Karishaka

G.K. Dagunduro Former Satan Deputy in the World, Now Turned Follower of Christ (Nigeria, Rapture Publications, N.D.) Primary source – Pentecostal Conversion Testimony

Week 20: Mar. 6 Group 1 posts Response Paper, Group 2 posts Reading Blog

T. Allen “Understanding Alice: Uganda's Holy Spirit Movement in Context” Africa, Vol. 61 Issue 3, 1991. pp. 370‐399

Ruth Marshall, Chapter 5 “Born‐Again Ethics and the Spirits of the Political Economy” Political Spiritualities: The Pentecostal Revolution in Nigeria (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009) p. 166‐200

Week 21: Mar. 13 ‐ Group 1 posts Reading Blog, Group 2 posts Response paper

Rene Otayek, Ben Soares “Introduction” in Islam and Muslim Politics in Africa (Palgrave, 2007). pp.1‐25.

Donal Cruise O’Brien . Introduction, Chapter 8 in Symbolic Confrontations: Muslims Imagining the State in Africa (Hurst & Co., 2003) pp. 1‐30; 178‐192.

Week 22: Mar. 20 Group 1 posts Group 1 posts Response Paper, Group 2 posts Reading Blog

Thomas Blom Hansen. “Predicaments of Secularism: Muslim Identities and Politics in Mumbai” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Jun., 2000), pp. 255‐272.

Robert Hefner “Introduction”, Shari'a Politics: Islamic Law and Society in the Modern World (Indiana U. Press, 2011) pp. 1‐54.

Week 23: Mar. 27 Group 1 posts Reading Blog, Group 2 posts Response paper Adam Ashforth Chapters 11, 12 and Epilogue in Witchcraft, Violence and Democracy in South Africa (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), pp. 243‐311.

Week 24: April 3. Course Conclusion. NO POSTING – FINAL PAPER DUE