Report for Central Asia

COUNCIL OF Brussels, 30 June 2004 THE EUROPEAN UNION

10617/1/04 REV 1

CORDROGUE 46

NOTE by : Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs to : Dublin group (meeting 22 June 2004) No. prev. doc.: 10617/04 CORDROGUE 46 Subject : Report for Central Asia

CENTRAL DUBLIN GROUP MEETING - BRUSSELS, 22 JUNE 2004 DUBLIN GROUP REPORT FOR CENTRAL ASIA

June 2004

PREPARED BY THE ITALIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

The following report, prepared by Italy as regional Chair for Central Asian Countries, is based on the information provided by the Mini Dublin Groups established in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, also covering, respectively, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. The Italian Embassy in Moscow is competent for Turkmenistan. Italy stresses that to date no permanent MDGs in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan are established. A Paris-Pact meeting, co-chaired by Italy as Regional Dublin Group Presidency, was held in Tashkent in April 2004. Italy invited Turkey to participate in the activities of regional and local DG groups in Central Asia as an “active observer” and this report also includes the contributions from the Turkish embassies in the region and the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

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SUMMARY

The increased production of opium in Afghanistan is continuing to impact negatively on Central Asia, as demonstrated by the mounting seizures of heroin flowing into the region both for transit towards the profitable Russian and European markets and for the local illicit markets. As indicated in the previous report, a potential for a production problem also exists and should be always reminded by the international community. Cannabis and ephedra, and to a lesser extent opium poppy, grow wild in some areas. A limited cultivation (mainly opium poppy) was also detected in the region, notably in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan.

Criminal organisations have many opportunities for illicit traffics, especially concerning drugs, but also with reference to arms trafficking and the smuggling of human beings. International community should also better focus on the problem of the illicit traffic or diversion of precursors (especially acetic anhydride) destined to Afghanistan and imported mainly from China and Eastern Europe, but also locally manufactured. In this respect, the recent Paris Pact meeting (Tashkent, 27- 28 April 2004) was particularly useful. It was also helpful in providing a set of indications on priorities for international assistance and regional co-operation and in identifying the specific needs of the different countries concerning law enforcement and border control.

As noted in previous reports, some positive results have been achieved by CA countries: they ratified the UN Drug Conventions, implemented national specific legislation, national comprehensive action plans or strategies are pursued. On the other hand border porosity, lack of training and modern equipment for law enforcement agencies, inadequate legislation against money laundering, corruption, economic difficulties and political tensions, insufficient regional and national co-ordination in anti-drug activities, are still important issues to be better tackled. The increased availability of drugs is boosting the abuse of narcotics in the region, especially among youth. Cannabis and opium are widely abused, but heroin is the emerging “drug of choice” in Central Asia, and the major cause for the spreading of HIV/AIDS as well. The governments of the region, even though more active in demand reduction strategies, are still insufficiently equipped to address prevention, treatment and rehabilitation requirements and they need assistance from the international community.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 2 DG H II EN In Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, NGOs are playing an increasing role in this field and should be further supported. In general, activities in reducing drug demand remain fragmented and seem to receive less attention from international donors (with some exceptions).

In any case, international assistance and co-operation proved to be essential in fostering CA countries capacities in law enforcement, border control and, recently, drug demand. But a lot of work still lies ahead: in particular, as already stressed by MDGs in previous reports, the Paris Pact meeting underlined the need to improve co-ordination in international assistance and efforts and made specific recommendations to this aim. Regional co-operation (particularly in law enforcement and intelligence co-ordination, in harmonising legislation) should be increased and fostered as well. The international community, especially the DG members, should continue to engage the five Republics in regional activities aiming also at confidence building and economic development. UNODC, EU and OSCE activities in this field should also be praised and further supported. The Regional Chair paid careful attention to some recent developments in Tajikistan, after a new DCA Director was appointed in February 2004, raising some concerns within international community of donors, and in the perspective of the gradual withdrawal of the Russian border guards from the Tajik/Afghan frontier.

The Regional Chair continues to pay particular attention to Turkmenistan attitude, still uncooperative in releasing information and in actively collaborating in all regional co-operation efforts. Turkmen participation in the recent Paris Pact meeting in Tashkent should be noted as a positive development, but international efforts, especially from the DG members, should continue to focus on the problem of Turkmen co-operation at regional level.

THE REGIONAL DIMENSION

Several international and regional organisations or mechanisms, as well as bilateral donors are providing assistance at a regional level, favouring co-operation in the fight against the drug problem, other crimes and security issues.

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1. UNODC

The Executive Director of UNODC, Antonio Maria Costa, paid an official visit to some Central Asian countries from (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, plus Afghanistan) 24 to 29 May, in order to review the drug control and crime prevention situation in the region. He confirmed the United Nations is especially concerned that the heroin trafficking from Afghanistan is causing growing drug abuse in the region, with a dramatic escalation of the HIV/AIDS threat. He also urged the countries of Central Asia to engage in much greater regional cooperation to prevent further damage.

UNODC is in the process of elaborating a new strategic framework (2004-2007) for Central Asia. The UNODC Regional Office in Tashkent circulated a draft of this document during the last MDG meeting in Tashkent (April 2004). The strategy reflects the several consultations held by UNODC with different stakeholders and inputs emerging from the Paris Pact meeting, MDG sessions and other relevant fora

UNODC drug reduction and crime prevention assistance priorities for Central Asia are focused on: – strengthening border controls in Central Asian countries neighbouring Afghanistan; – promoting cross border cooperation, including operational coordination at national, regional and international levels; – improving drugs and crime prevention mechanisms.

UNODC in Central Asia also provides legal advisory services and precursor control support. In the area of demand reduction, UNODC is launching several new regional projects, which will enhance government capacities in monitoring and evaluation, promoting best practices in prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, supporting the diversified services for various target groups and establishing an Addiction Research and Training Institute for Central Asia (ARTICA). The total budget for proposed and ongoing UNODC projects is more than US$ 35 million.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 4 DG H II EN 2. PARIS PACT INITIATIVE

Under the Paris Pact initiative, UNODC organised in Tashkent the first 2004 Experts Round Table (27-28 April), focused on drug routes in Central Asia. All the five republics, including Turkmenistan, attended the event. The meeting, co-chaired by Italy in its capacity as Regional DG Chair, was successful in examining and identifying the main problems in the area, in particular strategic objectives and priority sectors for international assistance. It is also to be observed The following main priorities were stressed: – The need for enhancing national coordination: in this respect, the Drug Control Agency in Tajikistan was considered a model for the countries in the region, as also shown by the similar UNODC initiative undertaken in Kyrgyzstan; – Increasing and developing regional cooperation as a key objective In this respect, it was underlined the importance of the UNODC project to establish a Central Asian Regional Information and Co-ordination Centre (CARICC). The Centre would facilitate the regional exchange of intelligence and information, promoting co-ordination, with a view to the possibility of joint operations. CARICC would also co-operate with foreign Drug Liaison Officers (DLOs) and other representatives of the international community. Unfortunately, the project is being delayed by recent problems between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan on which country will be hosting the Centre. – Foster-ing of border control, especially along Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, neighbouring countries of Afghanistan, in particular strengthening transborder cooperation; – The need to foster the fight against the trafficking in precursors, which are smuggled in Afghanistan mainly from China and Eastern Europe; – To further improve coordination in international assistance, creating a computer-based data collecting mechanism.

3. EUROPEAN UNION The current European strategy to fight drugs along the heroin routes has been established in accordance with the EU Action Plan on Drugs (2000-2004). A specific Action Plan on Drugs between the EU and Central Asian republics (September 2002) is being currently implemented, (even though Turkmenistan is not participating1).

1 In any case, the Action Plan is open to adhesion by Turkmenistan

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 5 DG H II EN The measures identified cover both demand and supply reduction, and emphasise the need for international co-operation and effective information, evaluation and co-ordination on all levels. The European Commission is implementing different programmes, mainly with a regional impact (some projects are focused on specific countries), whose overall objective is to reduce and prevent drug trafficking towards the EU: – the Central Asia Drug Action Programme (CADAP); – the Border Management in Central Asia Programme (BOMCA).

They adopt a balanced approach to drug, covering four sectors of intervention: (a) Appropriate legal and organisational framework; (b) Effective control at the borders; (c) Precise information (drug use) and intelligence (drug traffic); (d) Demand reduction measures. i) The CADAP (see, for details on CADAP 1 and 2 projects, ANNEX 1) covers former Soviet Republics of Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. However, in some cases it was observed a certain reluctance of Turkmenistan to be involved into some regional projects envisaged by the Programme. CADAP is implemented by the UNDP, which is co-financing it by 10%; its first and second phases amount to a total figure of 8.45 million Euros and the projects realized in their framework have been conceived taking into consideration the suggestions and needs of the beneficiary countries. ii) The overall objective of the EU BOMCA programme is to assist Central Asian Countries in improving the effectiveness of the management of their borders. The fourth phase of BOMCA will launch 31 regional projects in each five Central Asian countries for a global budget of 8.580.000 million Euros.

The following BOMCA projects or aspects are specifically related to drug combating issues: – Regional Dog Training Capacity and reinforcement of interagency co-operation. – Each cross-border pilot border post will also include dog training component.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 6 DG H II EN 4) OSCE

OSCE has field offices in all the five CA republics and having recognised among the priorities in the region the fight against illicit traffic in weapons, human beings and drugs, is sponsoring many initiatives in these fields, including specific assistance to improve border control, to counter drug trafficking and organised crime.

5) ECONOMIC COOPERATION ORGANISATION

The ECO23 Plan of Action on Drug Control (Ashgabat, 1996) provides a framework for measures to be taken at national and regional levels in: – Eradication of opium poppy crop – Elimination of heroin laboratories – Strengthening control of drugs and psychotropic substances use for licit purposes, as well as control of essential chemical precursors – Fight against illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (including the strengthening of regional structures, exchange of information) – Reduction of illicit demand, promotion of treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts. The Action Plan also called for the creation of a Drug Control Coordination Unit (DCCU), which was established in 1999 in Teheran, in cooperation with UNODC (UNDCP) and with financial support from the European Union, within the ECO Secretariat. In line with its mandate, DCCU endeavours to render coordination services on anti narcotic issues in order to strengthen the operational cooperation among the national drug control agencies of the ECO Member States. In this regard, the DCCU, in collaboration with the Turkish Focal Point, held the first training course on drug supply reduction at the Turkish International Academy against Drugs and Organized Crime (TADOC) in Ankara, Turkey on 23-29 February, 2004. The training course was attended by the delegations of the Azerbaijan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan and a representative from United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC) in Tehran. The ways of improving cooperation in the region were also discussed during the course.

2 Members: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 7 DG H II EN 6) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES, OTHER REGIONAL INITIATIVES, REGIONAL ACTIVITIES OF SINGLE DONORS

A) the FANC (Foreign Anti-Narcotics Community) is an unofficial and informal group comprised of Drug and Police Liaison Officers representing different countries and accredited to Central Asia and beyond. This forum gathers on a regular basis to discuss various issues on the drug situation and collecting useful information on the existing and future law enforcement assistance provided by multilateral and bilateral donors in the region.

B) The recent Kabul and Berlin Conferences were other significant steps in promoting regional cooperation: the Berlin Declaration on Counter Narcotics, in particular, with the commitment undertaken thereof by the Afghan Government and the neighbouring countries to strengthen their mutual co-operation and to create a security belt around Afghanistan with the purpose of organising an effective system to interdict trafficking of opium products, represents a key development.

C) The establishment of a CA Drug Epidemiology network, the diversification of HIV prevention and drug treatment services were among items discussed. Jointly with UNODC, Kazakhstan hosted, in August 2003, a seminar on national and international control of the licit movement of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors. Experts from four CA republics and from Russia attended the meeting, discussing also the possible harmonisation of control measures and joint future action. Only Turkmenistan did not participated in the event.

D) The Annual Meeting of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on Sub-regional Drug Control Cooperation in Central Asia, whose membership include the five CA countries and, among others, UNODC and Russia, also provide a good opportunity to assess the drug control situation in the region and to agree on common goals. As far as the Central Asia regional cooperation is concerned, one of the most important elements of this mechanism lies in the fact that it represents one of the few cooperation forum in which Turkmenistan regularly participates. It has even hosted in Ashgabat the 2002 review meeting of the MOU.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 8 DG H II EN E) The Turkish International Academy against Drugs and Organsed Crime (TADOC)

The TADOC, established in 2000, is actively involved in co-operation with CA countries. Within the framework of the Phase I of the TADOC project, assessments have been carried out in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan to determine the training needs of the region. In the context of Phase II of the project, presently ongoing, 8 Regional Expertise Training Programs, 20 National Expertise Training Programs and 12 National Basic Training Programs will be implemented (see also Annex 2) in the field of the struggle against drugs and organized crime. Training needs of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan will be analysed as well, while pivotal importance has been also attached to training for the Afghan Anti-Narcotics Force. So far, two important expertise-training programs have been conducted with the participation of 27 senior Afghan officers.

Phase II of the project also include: · CD-ROM based training programs, covering 46 different modules in the field of struggle against drugs and organized crime, have been translated into Russian. · Plans are being carried out for the establishment of the “TADOC Training City” (a new facility capable to host more than three international training programs at the same time), which will expand the national and regional level expertise training. Turkey has provided resources totalling 2,300,000 Euro to implement this project

The Phase III of TADOC Project (24 months) will cover the distribution of CD-Rom based training programs, used in the Phase II at the Academy, to the other training centres in Turkey and to the Countries in the Region. A total of 20 training courses, at least 10 per year, on different matters concerning the struggle against illegal drugs and organized crime will be organized on the basis of the need assessments made.

As a result of the above-mentioned phases, TADOC will become a centre: · Determining and meeting the relevant training needs of Law Enforcement Units in the Countries of the region in the field of anti-smuggling and organized crime, · Meeting the specialist personnel needs in Turkey and in the Countries of the region. · Carrying out scientific researches as regards the mentioned crimes, developing new methodologies, guiding national and regional policies, · Providing national academies in the region with up-to-date training techniques,

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 9 DG H II EN Contributing to the current cooperation and communication between the operational agencies in Turkey and in the Countries of the Region.

F) Italy is funding some UNODC regional projects in the field of demand reduction in Central Asia, with a particular attention paid to NGOs. Moreover, in 2004 Italy allocated funds to UNODC in order support the CARICC project and the Paris Pact Initiative.

G) Russia is providing training to Central Asian officers in the Police Academy in Moscow. Each month about 10 officers from Central Asian Countries are being trained in that Academy

H) USA is financing training courses and the purchase of sniffing dogs in the Russian Academy in Moscow benefiting Central Asian law enforcement bodies. USA also indicated its support to the CARICC project.

I) France in 2003 provided training to Uzbek, Kazak and Kyrgyz authorities on investigation and control of forged documents, while in 2004, Paris is planning to provide training in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan to drug sniffing dogs handlers. Furthermore, 3 meetings will be held in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan on security in airports with special focus on drug trafficking and illegal migration.

L) Interpol informed on a project it is implementing on information exchange in the region and on training related to special investigations which are also intended to support the CARICC initiative.

General Recommendations

1. At a regional level, Donors should support initiatives aimed at enhancing regional co- ordination, with a priority focus on law enforcement co-operation. In particular, the CARICC project could represent a real advance in this field and is already supported by some Dublin Group members.

2. The illicit traffic in precursors should be better focused, especially at the regional level, by both the CA countries and the international donors.

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3. At a national level, Donors should continue to strengthen successful initiatives, like the model of Drug Control Agencies based on the experience of the Tajik DCA, with a view to replicate them in the region following the example of the newly established Kyrgyz DCA.

4. Especially in some CA countries, a more balanced approach in supporting drug demand reduction projects should be envisaged also in the perspective of developing regional co- operation in the field.

KAZAKHSTAN

A MDG meeting, to which Kazakh Authorities attended and covering also the issues concerning Kyrgyzstan, was held on May 26, 2004.

Legal Framework

Since July 1998 Kazakhstan has been party to all three UN Drug Conventions, reflected in Kazakhstan’s “Law on Control of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances, Precursors and Measures on Combating Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking”. The same law provides some provisions related to money laundering, but there is no comprehensive legislation with regards to proceeds of crime. A new law on money laundering is under examination, but according to a TACIS study its content appears to be not in line with international standards.

Kazakhstan plays an active role in regional co-operation efforts, in particular as a member of the CIS, ECO, SCO4. It is party to the MOU on Sub-Regional Drug Control Co-operation as well. In April 2000, Kazakhstan, together with Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, signed the Central Asian Agreement on the Joint Fight against Terrorism, Political and Religious Extremism, Transnational Organised Crime and other Threats to Stability and Security of the Parties. The GOK Strategy against illicit drug trafficking and abuse for years 2001-2005 is under implementation. In December 2000 the Committee on Fight against illicit drug trafficking and Illicit Drug Abuse (Anti-Drug Committee) under the Ministry of Justice was set up.

4 Shanghai Co-operation Organisation: Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 11 DG H II EN This special body is responsible for the implementation of anti-drug policy and co-ordination of activities of all governmental bodies and agencies involved in drug – related activities. However, the Committee’s performance and activities were severely criticised by the President at a meeting of law enforcement agencies heads in March 2002. Kazakhstan is, however, in the process of establishing a Drug Control Committee to further improve its effectiveness coordinating national antidrug efforts.

Production-related Issues

Opium poppy, ephedra and cannabis grow wild in Kazakhstan, covering an estimated total area of over 1-mln hectares. Cannabis is also cultivated in remote regions (Chu Valley) and especially in southern Kazakhstan. In 1998 –1999, according to UNODC estimates, 3.900 Metric Tons of marijuana were harvested, but the potential is much larger. Kazakh officials have recently expressed concern about what they define an increase in cannabis cultivation in the country. Opium poppy grows wild in the former USSR licit cultivation areas, whereas some illicit cultivation seems to be underway in the region bordering China. Kazakhstan is also a manufacturer of acetic anhydride.

Demand-related Issues

According to UNODC estimates, the number of Kazakh addicts should be between 165.000 and 186.000, the highest figure in Central Asia; 75% of the total is believed to be under the age of 25. Data provided by Kazakh authorities, which according to international observers should be considered as underestimated, indicated that in the first six months of 2003, in comparison with 2002, there was an increase by 3.1% in the number of registered addicts. To counter this mounting problem, the National Anti-drug Strategy included measures to create a system for prevention, medical treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts. The Republican Centre on medical-social problems of drug addiction was established in 2000, in Pavlodar, while draft action programmes on HIV prevention and the establishment of drug treatment services for injecting drug abusers were prepared in 2003.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 12 DG H II EN Trafficking and related crimes issues

Drug trafficking (especially opium, heroin, and hashish) through Kazakhstan’s territory remains a bigger problem than illicit drug production. Fore the first 6 months of 2003, Kazakh authorities reported an increase in drugs and precursors seizures by 37 %, but DG members observed that most of them seem to take place at the border with Russia, while some indicated that the porosity of the southern border (in particular with Uzbekistan) remains high. Interesting enough, during the FANC meeting, held in October 2003 in Bishkek, Kazakh officials expressed concern for an increasing trafficking in synthetic drug from Russia (apparently the port of Astrakhan is the main exit gate). Lack of law enforcement inter-agency co-operation and co-ordination, budget, training, is still insufficient. The problem of money laundering and banking regulation, taking into consideration the rapid development of Kazakhstan’s financial system, is also to be better focused: available data on cash inflows and outflows could be indicative of the fact that the country is used to launder money.

International co-operation and assistance

Kazakhstan has bilateral agreements on fighting drug trafficking with all CIS countries. The EU Commission Delegation informed that under the CADAP 2 programme (see the Regional Dimension paragraph) the project Seaport will reinforce the interdiction capacity at the seaport of Aktau, focusing on reinforcing inspection teams and the intelligence unit in charge of drug profiling. Moreover, the TACIS Programme CUSTOMS 6 (budget € 500.000) is implementing other initiatives in Kazakhstan, as follows:

(1) Airport twinning (Brussels – Astana): the project aims at establishing working relationship between the Customs authorities at Astana and Brussels airport; providing Kazakh Customs officials at Astana airport with basic and practical knowledge of methods of work, organisation and structure at Brussels airport; providing Belgium customs officials with basic and practical knowledge of methods of work; organisation and structure at Astana airport; improving organisational methods on passenger and cargo control at Astana airport; introducing system of customs controls based on risk profiling / selectivity; setting up an enforcement and investigation unit at the airport which collects information to produce intelligence data for improved enforcement operations.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 13 DG H II EN (2) Enforcement of Customs Dog Training Centre. The project aims at reinforcement of a self- sufficient dog training facility for Kazakh Customs. The Kazakh officers participating in this project will be able to apply modern methodologies in dog handling. If successful, selected officers will be able to deliver these training methods as specially trained instructors with a broad knowledge on dog handling, dog selection and other important aspects related to this specific area. The project will consist of training courses at the dog-training centre in Germany.

Italy is negotiating an agreement on co-operation in fighting organised crime and illicit drug traffic as well as an agreement to combat economic crime and violations of tax law. A Memorandum on Co-operation between the General Prosecutor’s Office of Kazakhstan and the National Antimafia Bureau of Italy in combating organised crime and laundering of the proceeds from crime was signed in May 2003. Italy is also financing some UNODC regional projects in the field of demand reduction.

France provided training for sniffing dog units and to check fake documents. Basic polic training is another field of cooperation. A Liaison office was scheduled to be opened in Almaty.

Hungary has set up a joint commission on the fight against crime with the Kazakhstan Ministry of the Interior and established a training centre for police and custom officers in Budapest, whose courses have been attended among others by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan personnel.

UK indicated that it has not specific projects in this field, though some of its training programmes in Central Asia have a drug-related component, as for example those regarding border control issues and HIV fighting.

Turkey is extending training assistance, mainly through TADOC (see the Regional Dimension paragraph for details and ANNEX 2). A training programme on terrorism and drug trafficking in eight countries surrounding Afghanistan (including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) was carried out by the Mobile Training Team of the Turkish General Staff in 2003.

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The USA provided a detailed list of current INL5 projects in Kazakhstan:

– $500,000-IOM project to train and equip border stations between Kordai and Taraz – $600,000- Federal Law Enforcement Training Center/FBI/Department of Treasury-- anti-money laundering project (started Jan 04 and will continue over 18 months) – $150,000-Training and equipment for the Ministry of Interior anti-narcotics post at Sarishegan – $150,000-Training and equipment for BG border posts at Aul and Zezhkent – $150,000- Equipment for Crime Statistics Division of Procuracy. Another $700,000 will be probably used as follows: – $300,000--MVD anti-narcotics – $150,000--more anti-money laundering – $150,000--fingerprint project (FBI) – $100,000--anti-trafficking in persons (via IOM)

In addition, there will be a judicial reform conference at the Ankara Hotel in Almaty, from 21-24 June, Dept. of Justice; an anti-trafficking in persons course in July (FBI).

In 2004, Germany will probably support the following measures: 1. with the MVD6: participation at the multinational training courses on "International car theft problems" and also at the multinational training course on "International cooperation of police administration"; participation at a national training course on "undercover investigation"; 2. with the KNB7: the same projects / offers; investigation equipment (value so far not known).

5 The State Department’s Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement (INL). 6 Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Kazakhstan 7 National Security Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 15 DG H II EN Recommendations

1. To draw the attention of the GOK on the specific issue of money laundering and the need to improve legislation to counter it. 2. To assist Kazakhstan in improving coordination among national anti drug bodies, especially with reference to the envisaged establishment of the Drug Control Committee, also stressing the positive example provided by the DCA in Tajikistan and the recent establishment of similar Agency in Kyrgyzstan.

KYRGYZSTAN

After a meeting in Bishkek in 2003, the regular MDG meeting in Almaty, also covering the issues concerning Kyrgyzstan, was held on May 26, 2004.

Legal framework

Kyrgyzstan is party to the three UN Drug Conventions and is a member of the CIS, ECO,SCO and of the MOU on Sub-Regional Drug Control Co-operation as well. In April 2000, Kyrgyzstan, together with Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, signed the Central Asian Agreement on the Joint Fight against Terrorism, Political and Religious Extremism, Transnational Organised Crime and other Threats to Stability and Security of the Parties.

The national anti-drug policy is based on the State Programme against Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking (2001-2003), an integrated strategy devised to combat all aspects of the drug problem. The State Commission on Drug Control was the main body to implement the strategy. On May 26, 2004 the new Drug Control Agency was inaugurated. The Kyrgyz DCA, established under a UNODC project with an important US financial contribution, is based on the model of the DCA in Tajikistan. It is expected to be fully operative within the end of July and a sub- agency will be established in the southern city of Osh. The Agency is set up and managed as a law enforcement structure with the purpose of fighting trafficking in narcotic drugs, and prosecuting offenders in a criminal proceeding.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 16 DG H II EN Production-related issues

Cannabis grows wild in Kyrgyzstan, even though to a far lesser extent than in Kazakhstan. In 1998 UNODC also detected extensive growth of ephedra (more than 46.000 HA). There is an outstanding potential for poppy cultivation ( prior to 1974 Kyrgyzstan was one of the world’s largest producers of licit opium).

Demand-related issues

Drug addiction is spreading throughout the country (between 80 to 100 thousand people, according to UNODC estimates). Officially, only 5000 drug addicts are registered, but the country has the highest rate of addiction in the region (1,644 to 2,054 per 100.000 inhabitants) with negative consequences on health situation: HIV as well as hepatitis are rapidly increasing. Draft action programmes on HIV prevention and the establishment of drug treatment services for injecting drug abusers were prepared in 2003.

Trafficking and related crimes issues

Drug trafficking through Kyrgyzstan is still increasing and the establishment of the DCA represents an important response to the drug situation in the country and should foster co-operation among the four law enforcement bodies (Ministry of Interior, Border Guards, Customs, National Security Service) competent for combating illicit drugs.

Corruption remains one of the concerns in the country as its incidence, even among law enforcement officers, is high. It will be one issue to closely monitor also with reference to the newly established DCA and UNODC and the US indicated the intention to take into account this problem. A good example is provided, in this regard, by the UNODC success with the drug control agency in Tajikistan.

Petty crime related to addiction is another grave concern: according to Kyrgyz representatives 50% of thefts are committed by addicts; concerning serious offences, 1 out of every 9 is related to the drug problem.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 17 DG H II EN International Co-operation and assistance

Kyrgyzstan joined in Operation Topaz, under which international trade in precursors is monitored, in 2003.

Under a UNODC project, mainly financed by USA, the Kyrgyz DCA has been established. The US DEA organised seminars for Kyrgyz officers. Moreover, assistance is provided through IOM in the field of passports and support is envisaged to local anti drug units and forensic laboratories. OSCE is assisting the Kyrgyz Ministry of Interior in the deployment of 8 mobile dogs handling units in the various police departments (including Bishkek and Osh) under the supervision of the Kyrgyz Drugs Enforcement Department.

Turkey is extending training assistance, mainly through TADOC (see the Regional Dimension paragraph for details). A training programme on terrorism and drug trafficking in eight countries surrounding Afghanistan (including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) was carried out by the Mobile Training Team of the Turkish General Staff in 2003.

France provided training for police special units and in the field of airport security. In 2004, Germany will probably support the MVD8 and SNB9, offering to participate at the multinational training courses offered to the Kazakh side (see paragraph on Kazakhstan), training course on de-activation of bombs and investigation equipment (value so far not known).

Recommendations:

1. To support the work of the newly established Kyrgyz DCA.

2. To assist Kyrgyz authorities in the field of drug demand reduction.

8 Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan 9 National Security Committee of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 18 DG H II EN TURKMENISTAN

The MDG, in its last report, agreed that Turkmenistan represents a “weak gate” in the route of heroin and opium trafficking from Afghanistan to Europe and Russia. There are no significant changes and co-operation with the Turkmen Government in this field continues to be difficult. No reliable official figures are available concerning drugs seizures or the number of drug addicts.

Legal framework

Turkmenistan ratified in 1996 the three UN Conventions on international drug control and against illegal traffic in drugs. Turkmenistan is a member of the CIS, ECO and is party to the MOU on Sub- Regional Drug Control Co-operation. A new legislation on narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances seems to be under examination, while there is no regulation on precursors. Turkmenistan has adopted a National Action Plan on Illicit Drug Trafficking Control and assistance to Drug Addicts (2001-2005) and created a State Commission on Drug Control in order to co- ordinate the efforts of law enforcement agencies and other bodies involved in countering the drug problem.

Production-related issues

Although previous indications of eradication campaigns carried out by Turkmen law enforcement agencies, opium poppy and cannabis cultivation does exist in remote areas. According to reliable information, there was even an increase in opium and cannabis harvesting, mainly along the Iranian border.

Demand-related issues

Turkmenistan is a consumption country as well, but since 1999 the Government made no information available. From 1995 to 1998 the drug abuse rates increased four-fold and due to the present dynamics in the other Central Asian countries it could be assumed that situation has deteriorated. In 2000 two HIV cases were officially registered, but the same assumption of increase, in parallel with drug abuse, applies. There are recent signals of a growing Turkmen concern about the increasing drug abuse problem in the country.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 19 DG H II EN Trafficking and related crime issues

Turkmenistan remains a transit route for Afghan opium and heroin destined to Europe and Russia, via the Caucasus and Turkey. Its geographic location makes the country highly vulnerable: the porous and extensive borders with Afghanistan (more than 800Km), Iran and Uzbekistan are used for smuggling by trucks and cars. According to some sources, while most of the drug traffickers are ethnic Turkmen, foreign trucks crossing into Uzbekistan at Chordzhew and destined to Tajikistan as TIR, seem to be exploited. TIR are not frequently controlled and many police officers even believe (or show to believe) that searching these trucks is illegal. Drugs also leave the country towards Azerbaijan and Iran. While little smuggling takes place by rail, Ashgabat airport is highly vulnerable for trafficking, due to poor security. Flight routes exist between Ashgabat and Amritsar, Delhi, London, Frankfurt, Istanbul, Moscow, Bangkok and all the CIS. Turkmenbashi harbour (Caspian See) shows lax procedures as well.

The quality of Turkmen reporting about drug seizures continues to increase serious concern. Until 1997, the country accounted for the bulk of seizures of opiates in Central Asia, while according to more recent governmental reporting this has fallen almost to zero. In any case, Turkmenistan’s official statistics, as indicated in the last report, are, at best, confusing, providing different data. The country is also a transhipment point for the precursor chemical acetic anhydride destined for heroin manufacture in Afghanistan.

As noted in he last report, there were widespread rumours about direct involvement of Turkmen authorities in drugs trafficking, even though hard evidence is not available. There were also hints, but again no hard evidence, of possible use of Ashgabat casinos and prestige buildings as projects for money laundering. Corruption remains a matter of concern.

International co-operation and assistance

The general attitude towards international co-operation continues to show signs of ambiguity: Turkmen support for meetings and conferences inside the country has been minimal and the participation of Turkmenistan in regional conferences has been overwhelmingly passive. Moreover, many DG police liaison officers experienced difficulties in being accredited or even in getting entry visas.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 20 DG H II EN The Regional Chair, through the Italian Embassy in Moscow, made a démarche in early April 2004 to stress to Turkmen authorities the importance international co-operation, in particular inviting Ashgabat to attend at an adequate level, the Paris Pact meeting in Tashkent (27-28 April). A Turkmen delegation took part in the event.

The UNODC has elaborated the Project No AD/TUK/03/F42 aimed at strengthening border control, including passport control, in Turkmenistan.

The USA delivered $ 500.000 worth of equipment and training under a MOU signed in July 2001. Congress has set aside another $2 million for anti-drug activity in Turkmenistan, mainly to be administered through multilateral agencies (UNODC, OSCE, IOM), but no funding was scheduled for 2004.

UK funded anti-narcotics education, by a series of training sessions for Customs, as well as English language training.

Russia has included anti-narcotic co-operation within the bilateral partnership and co-operation agreement signed in 2002.

Recommendations 1. to continue to keep the Turkmen government engaged as much as possible in the field of drug control, both through multilateral and bilateral efforts; 2. in particular, Donors and international organisations should stress, at every possible occasion, to Turkmen authorities the importance to participate in all regional activities.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 21 DG H II EN UZBEKISTAN

The Italian Chair of the Mini-Dublin Group for Uzbekistan/Tajikistan, based in Tashkent, since the last report in June 2003 organised a meeting in October 2003 and three other meetings in the first half of the present year. The MDG focused specifically on drug situation in Tajikistan, as a consequence of the increase of narcotics coming from Afghanistan and of some internal developments related to the drug issue.

Legal framework

Uzbekistan is party to the three UN Conventions on international drug control and against illegal traffic in drugs. At a regional level, Tashkent is an active member of the CIS, ECO, SCO and is party to the MOU on Sub-Regional Drug Control Co-operation as well. In April 2000 Uzbekistan, together with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, signed the Central Asian Agreement on the Joint Fight against Terrorism, Political and Religious Extremism, Transnational Organised Crime and other Threats to Stability and Security of the Parties.

At the national level, anti-drug issues are regulated by the Law on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, issued in 1999. Uzbekistan has specific anti - money laundering legislative provisions. Since 2002, a National Program (2002 – 2005) to counter Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking has been set up.

Production related issues

Opium poppy cultivation, according to Uzbek police, increased to cover almost 250 HA, most of which around the region of Boukhara. Cannabis grows wild and there is a limited cultivation, concentrated around Samarkand and Surka-Darya. There is a licit production of limited quantities of precursors (acetic anhydride, etc). Seizures of precursors, illicitly imported or diverted, continue to take place, especially at the Afghan border.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 22 DG H II EN Demand related issues

As for the rest of the Central Asian Republics, Uzbekistan continues along the negative trend of an increasing addiction, with a shift from opium (and cannabis) to heroin. In the previous report, it was noted that UNODC estimates put the number of Uzbek drug users at between 65.000 and 91.000, of them, 50% is deemed to be under the age of 25, whereas the majority is composed of injecting drug users.

Uzbekistan has developed 18 specialised clinics, with in-patients departments, and two “narcological” hospitals. A particular focus is given to the prevention of drug use among the youth, especially at the educational institutions. The MDG noted that in Uzbekistan NGOs are playing increasingly important roles in reducing drug demand. Currently, ten NGOs, operating in the field of drug abuse, assistance on developing prophylactic medicine, introducing prevention measures among the population., are registered in Uzbekistan.

Taking into account the health consequences of heroin injecting practice, a State Programme to prevent HIV was adopted for 2002 – 2005, also focusing to drug abuse, with particular assistance by USAID. Some centres to exchange injection syringes for heroin addicts are operational.

Trafficking and related crimes issues

Uzbekistan continues to be an important transit country for afghan drugs, mainly through Tajikistan, but also directly: the border with Afghanistan is 155 km long. Anti-drug law enforcement agencies are still lacking modern equipment and need training in special investigative techniques. However, some positive initiatives were undertaken focusing on improving information sharing among national bodies, strengthening law enforcement capacities and reinforcing interdiction in key and vulnerable border points, like the Friendship Bridge between Hayraton and Termez (Afghan border).

Transnational organised crime groups in the country seem to be also involved in trafficking on human beings and firearms smuggling, in connection to drug trafficking.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 23 DG H II EN International co-operation and assistance

Uzbekistan has repeatedly emphasised the importance of international co-operation in the fight against transnational organised crime and drug trafficking: more than 20 agreements on co- operation in fighting drug traffic with third countries (among them: the Central Asian countries, Germany, Italy, Russia, Iran, etc.) have been signed. However, law enforcement regional and bilateral co-operation with neighbouring countries should be further developed. Uzbekistan is participating in Operation Topaz, under which international trade in precursors is monitored.

In April 2004 a Paris Pact meeting, co-chaired by UNODC and Italy as regional DG president, focusing on drug trafficking problems in the region was successfully held in Tashkent. Italy signed in 2000 an agreement on co-operation in fighting organised crime and illicit drug traffic and agreement on custom cooperation, and is currently studying the possibility to open an anti drug liaison office, covering also the other countries in the region, in Tashkent.

USA, through its DEA Regional Office in Tashkent, developed a close co-operation with Uzbek Customs and the Ministry of Interior, focusing on border control and training programs for customs, border guards in connection also with UNODC and IOM projects in these fields. UK is supporting activities aimed at strengthening the Termez-Hayraton Bridge project as well, providing equipment, training and infrastructures.

France is cooperating in the field of countering the smuggling in human beings, customs, also providing training for sniffing dogs units.

Germany is focusing on equipment and training for the forensic laboratory of the Uzbek Ministry of Justice, while some lacking in willingness to cooperate was stressed with reference of the Ministry of Interior (especially in providing data on seizures and trends). Other activities include the provision of seminars, training and equipment for Uzbek law enforcement in Termez. Several training courses will be organized benefiting about 25 officers each.

UNODC is also implementing a project at Termez (“Resumption of activities at the Hayraton checkpoint on the Uzbek-Afghan border), in close co-operation with UK, US, Germany, France, OSCE and UNDP. Another project focuses on creating a computer network for the Uzbek procurators offices.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 24 DG H II EN Turkey is extending training assistance, mainly through TADOC (see the Regional Dimension paragraph for details). A training programme on terrorism and drug trafficking in eight countries surrounding Afghanistan (including Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) was carried out by the Mobile Training Team of the Turkish General Staff in 2003.

Recommendations 1. NGOs should be further supported by the international community. 2. To continue to support efforts, in a coordinated way, aimed at strengthening control at the Termez bridge

TAJIKISTAN

The Mini-Dublin Group for Uzbekistan/Tajikistan, based in Tashkent, held four meetings since June 2003, focussing in particular on Tajikistan drug trafficking issues.

Legal Framework

Tajikistan is party to the three UN drug Conventions. In April 2000, Tajikistan, together with Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, signed the Central Asian Agreement on the Joint Fight against Terrorism, Political and Religious Extremism, Transnational Organised Crime and other Threats to Stability and Security of the Parties. Tajikistan is also a member of the CIS, ECO, SCO, and party to the MOU on Sub-Regional Drug Control Co-operation.

The Criminal code of 1998 and the Law on Drugs, psychotropic Substances and Precursors entered into force in 1999, laid out the main national legislation.

In 1996 the State Commission on Drug Control was established to be responsible to meet the requirements emanating from the UN Conventions. In 1999 it was renamed Drug Control Agency becoming a full-fledged law enforcement body directly participating in the struggle against drugs and co-ordinating all national activities in this field.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 25 DG H II EN The role played by Tajik law enforcement bodies, especially the Drug Control Agency, and by the Russian Federal Border Forces in stemming drug trafficking from Afghanistan must be highlighted. The Tajik Drug Control Agency can be considered as an example of good co-ordination/co- operation arrangements at national level and its work is visible and valuable. However, UNODC Regional Office and the MDG expressed some concern for recent developments within the DCA, when the Tajik President appointed a new Director, Gen. Mirzoev, in February 2004. . On the same occasion, gen. Nazarov, the previous Director very well known to the international community for the positive results achieved, was downgraded to Deputy Director. Gen. Mirzoev, a former Chief of the Presidential Guard with no police experience, was even rumoured to have been involved with organised crime in the past. During an official visit to Uzbekistan in February he proposed to UNODC the use of private funding to support the DCA. The MDG in Tashkent decided to closely monitor, together with UNODC, the evolution of the situation within the DCA in view of possible measures, such as the convening of an ad hoc MDG, in Tashkent or in Dushambe to convey a political signal to the authorities, to decide concrete measures if needed. Three MDG meetings were therefore convened between February and May 2004 during which this issue was carefully discussed. For the time being, it appears that Gen. Nazarov is retaining his influence inside the DCA, while the work of the Agency seems to continue along the usual lines. However, some concerns were expressed on vacancies existing in the DCA, which are being filled by the new Director without proper screening as envisaged by the UNODC project and by relevant monitoring tools.

Production-related issues

In 1998/1999 UNODC regional survey, a limited cultivation of opium poppy was reported in Tajikistan (almost 10 HA). Ephedra cultivation was also detected (3500 HA).

Demand-related issues

The situation of drug abuse in Tajikistan remains critic and the number of people registered as “abusers” is increasing. On the contrary, the State capabilities to counter this trend and help addicts are modest, despite the launching of a five year programme aimed at reducing drug demand by treating addiction and raising public awareness, especially in schools.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 26 DG H II EN The main obstacles for an effective drug treatment policy are: · Deficiency in professional staff; · Shortage of technical equipment; · Insufficient or lack of financial means. The international community should progressively balance assistance in supply and demand reduction.

Trafficking and related crime issues

The increased cultivation of opium poppy in Afghanistan, coupled with an increased number of heroin processing laboratories along the Afghan border with Tajikistan, represent a real challenge for the region in terms of drug trafficking. Seizures along the numerous trafficking routes are reported to be on the increase in Tajikistan: this is due to the increase of available drugs, but also to the effective action undertaken by the Drug Control Agency in combination with the work of the Russian border forces stationed along the border with Afghanistan.

International co-operation and assistance

Tajikistan signed in May 2003 a “Protocol on Co-operation to Fight Illicit Circulation of Drugs, Psychotropic Agents and Precursors” with Afghanistan and joined Operation Topaz, under which international trade in precursors is monitored, in 2003.

Italy co-financed the DCA project undertaken by UNODC; a bilateral Agreement on Co-operation against Organised Crime and Illicit Traffic of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and related Precursors was signed on May 21, 2003. The agreement will serve as the legal basis to further improve bilateral co-operation in the fight against drug trafficking. USA provided several training programmes, including DEA seminars, to Customs and Border officers in Tajikistan together with equipment. US also indicated a contribution to IOM for projects at the Dushambe airport.

France has provided training courses for DCA officers, with particular reference to dog units. For 2004 cooperation with the Ministry of Interior and the Border Guards is envisaged, with particular reference to airport security and control of documents.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 27 DG H II EN Germany has assisted the DCA, providing equipments and training for its personnel. The European Commission, under the CADAP programme, also supported the Tajik DCA (Anti- Drug Measures in Tajikistan project).

While DCA project is still ongoing, UNODC has also realised other projects in Tajikistan, some under regional programmes, such as: – border protection, which include the establishment of a national forensic laboratory and the building of an incinerator and stocking facilities of seized drugs; – support to RFBS in increasing its capacities in seizing drugs; – prevention activities on HIV and drug demand reduction; – regional project on precursors control in Central Asia; – assessment of organised crime in Central Asia.

One of the main concerns of the Dublin Group, also expressed by Tajikistan during the Paris Pact Round Table held in Tashkent in April 2004, is represented by the possible gradual withdrawal, (which seems to be completed within 2006 on the basis of a bilateral agreement with Russia in early June 2004) of the Russian border guards posted along the Tajik frontiers. Russian border forces would withdraw at first from the Pamir section of the border, while within 2006 they would depart from the rest of the border (Pyanj – Moscovsky sector). This presence is key in patrolling and controlling the borders with Afghanistan and its results in terms of seizures were a clear demonstration of this. Russian border guards woul have to be replaced, in absence of alternatives, by Tajik forces, which, though key improvements in the recent past, appear to be largely unprepared to face this challenging task. They are indeed still insufficiently equipped and trained, while the present size of the Tajik forces seems not capable to guarantee an adequate deployment as well. Tajik border guards are planning an increase of the staff from 6,000 to 10,000 units.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 28 DG H II EN Additional 400 – 600 staff would be needed only for the Pamir section of the border (519 Km). The withdrawal of Russian border forces has also a considerable financial impact over Tajikistan. The overall budget of the Tajik border guards is US$ 6million per year, while the budget for the Russian border post in Pyanj alone amounts to US$ 15million per year. Finally, the salary for Tajik border guards is much lower that the one provided by the Russian border forces to Tajik conscripts.

Recommendations

1. in close connection with UNODC, the MDG in Tashkent should continue to monitor the activities of the Tajik DCA. UNODC should monitor closely the developments related to the selection process within the Tajik DCA. A fair and transparent selection process should be ensured also with regard to the still available vacancies. 2. In the event of the possible withdrawal of the Russian border troops from Tajikistan, a joint assessment mission could be organized with the support of UNODC along the Tajik border with Afghanistan and in other sensitive border areas. This mission would assess the border control needs in view of presenting to donor Countries an ad-hoc project.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 29 DG H II EN ANNEX 1

E.U. CADAP projects

The former first phase of the programme (CADAP 1) amounted to €3,5 Million and supported the following projects: 1. Airport control: procurement of drug control equipment and training to four major airports in the region, project period: 30/12/2000 – 30/06/2003 (closed). 2. NADIN: (National Drug Abuse Information System): this project currently ongoing aims at providing beneficiary countries with the means to carry out epidemiologic assessments on drug abuse, period: 25/04/2002 – 31/10/2004 (ongoing). 3. ADMIT: CADAP 1 (Anti-Drug Measures in Tajikistan) supported the development of the new drug control authority (DCA) in Tajikistan, project period: 27/12/2001 – 27/09/2002 (closing). 4. EUDROCA: CADAP 1 launched a co-ordination office located at the EC Delegation in Almaty, Kazakhstan since January 2001. Period: January 2001 – January 2004. The office now moved to Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan in order to facilitate co-ordination with the BOMCA (Border management in Central Asia) programme.

The second phase of CADAP (total financial effort €4.950.000, of which: EU contribution € 4.500.000; UNDP contribution € 450.000) started in May 2004). CADAP 2 will include the following projects:

(1) Legal Assistance: this project will improve current anti-drug legislation in the region and reinforce operational capacity of judges and prosecutors in the areas of judicial co-operation (mutual legal assistance and controlled delivery). UNODC will be closely involved in the implementation of the activities of this project.

(2) Airport control: this project will continue the first phase of the project (CADAP1). It will establish in main airports of the region a drug intelligence unit whose role will be to improve drug profiling and intelligence sharing. Training and equipment will be provided.

(3) Seaport: this project will reinforce the interdiction capacity at the seaport of Aktau (Kazakstan). The project will (i) reinforce inspection teams (rummage team) and (ii) intelligence unit in charge of drug profiling.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 30 ANNEX 1 DG H II EN (4) Land border: this project will reinforce land border posts located along drug trafficking routes. In each country several critical border posts will be selected. Each post will receive training and equipment to improve their drug control capacity. Implementation of this project will be done in close co-ordination with the BOMCA programme (Border Management Programme for Central Asia).

(5) Police intelligence: this project will support the development of drug intelligence system within law enforcement agencies in the region. These intelligence systems should enable the fight against drug trafficking to be more effective. The project will be closely co-ordinated with similar initiatives currently being implemented in the region and notably with UN ODC.

(6) NADIN2 (National Drug Abuse Information System, Second Phase) will build upon the first phase (NADIN1) and continue the implementation of activities delayed in the first phase.

(7) Prevention in prison: this project will develop drug abuse prevention, treatment and reinsertion measures in selected prisons in Central Asia. The project will be based on EU expertise in this field.

(8) Programme Management Office (PMO): this project supports establishment of BOMCA/CADAP Programme Management office, which is already established in Bishkek. The task of this office is the Management of BOMCA/CADAP implementation and co- ordination of donor organisations’ activities in the region.

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 31 ANNEX 1 DG H II EN ANNEX 2

TADOC Training Programmes

TADOC started to implement its training programs in September 2000; the training programs organized to struggle against mentioned crimes are as follows: (47) basic national training programs, (51) national expertise training programs, (28) international expertise training programs, (29) Seminars, (8) international workshops (6) panel.

National combating institutions and agencies including the Directorate General for Security, Under- secretariat for Customs, General Command of Gendarmerie and Coast Guard Command have benefited from the below mentioned programs: (3201) law enforcement personnel benefited from the basic national training programs, (981) law enforcement personnel benefited from the national expertise training programs, (919) law enforcement personnel benefited from seminar programs, while a total of (482) law enforcement personnel from ECO, Black Sea Economic Cooperation and Balkan countries and countries having bilateral security and cooperation agreements with Turkey (39 different country) have benefited from international expertise training programs and workshops.

BENEFICIARIES FROM TADOC TRAINING PROGRAMS AND PARTICIPANTS

NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NO COUNTRY PARTICIPANTS NO COUNTRY PARTICIPANTS 1 AFGHANISTAN 27 21 MALTA 1

2 ALBANIA 78 22 MONGOLIA 12

3 AZERBAIJAN 11 23 MOLDOVlA 5

BOSNIA 4 42 24 UZBEKlSTAN 19 HERZEGOVINA

5 BULGARIA 23 28 PAK1STAN 8

6 ALGERIA 12 26 PORTUGAL 1

7 ETHIOPIA lO 27 .HUNGARY 2

8 MOROCCO 1 28 ROMANIA 18

10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 32 ANNEX 2 DG H II EN NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NO COUNTRY PARTICIPANTS NO COUNTRY PARTICIPANTS 9 PHILIPPllNES 10 29 RUS8IAN 10 FEDERATION Palestinian lO 9 30 SERBIA Il Authority MONTENEGRO

11 FRANCE 5 31 SLOVAKlA 1

12 GEORGIA 6 32 SLOVENIA 6

13 CROATIA 4 33 SUDAN 6

14 IRAN 6 34 T ADJIKISTAN lO

15 ITALY 1 35 TUNISIA 1

16 SPAlN 3 36 TURKMENISTAN 1

17 KAZAKHSTAN 29 37 UKRAINE 15

18 OTHERS 26 38 JORDAN 18

19 KYRGYZSTAN 12 39 GREECE lO

20 MACEDONIA 12

482 PARTICIPANTS FROM almost 40 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

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10617/1/04 REV 1 JV/ils 33 ANNEX 2 DG H II EN