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INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS and TECHNICAL INFORMATION INTERNATIONAL STUD BOOK COMMITTEE LIST of APPROVED STUD BOOKS
INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS and TECHNICAL INFORMATION INTERNATIONAL STUD BOOK COMMITTEE LIST OF APPROVED STUD BOOKS Argentina Mexico Australia Morocco Austria Netherlands Barbados New Zealand Bahrain Norway Belgium and Luxembourg Panama Brazil Paraguay Chile Peru China Philippines Colombia Poland Costa Rica Portugal Cyprus Qatar Czech Republic Russia Denmark Saudi Arabia Dominican Republic Slovakia Ecuador Slovenia France South Africa Germany Spain Great Britain and Ireland Sweden Greece Switzerland Guatemala Thailand Hungary Trinidad and Tobago India Tunisia Israel Turkey Italy United Arab Emirates Japan United States of America and Kenya Canada Korea Uruguay Malaysia Venezuela 5-2 2003 STATISTICAL INFORMATION No. of Black-type 2003 No. of No. of No. of Graded races (incl. Country Part foals starters flat races races graded) Argentina I 6,631 12,735 7,295 164 224 Australia I 17,670 31,639 20,525 264 547 Austria III 53 212 91 NA NA Brazil I 3,429 6,895 5,317 120 189 Canada I 2,425 7,355 5,498 40 259 Chile I 1,715 3,498 5,168 70 109 Colombia III 169 440 640 NA NA Czech Republic III 375 1,406 333 NA NA Dominican Republic III 128 423 927 NA NA Ecuador III 60 216 360 NA NA France I 4,884 8,350 3,981 107 231 Germany I 1,249 3,627 2,060 45 108 Great Britain I 5,429 9,727 4,761 123 281 Hong Kong II NA 1,258 710 5 27 India II 1,372 3,763 3,254 93 93 Ireland I 10,574 2,876 850 42 94 Italy I 2,062 5,420 4,772 25 76 Jamaica III 306 1,029 923 NA NA Japan II 8,536 26,410 18,192 8 221 Macau III NA 1,116 1,116 NA 5 Mauritius III NA 367 232 NA NA Netherlands -
The Champ Readies for Belmont Breeders= Cup
TUESDAY, JUNE 2, 2015 732-747-8060 $ TDN Home Page Click Here THE CHAMP READIES FOR BELMONT GLENEAGLES, FOUND TO BYPASS EPSOM GI Kentucky Derby and GI Preakness S. winner The Coolmore partners= dual Guineas winner American Pharoah (Pioneerof the Nile) registered his last Gleneagles (Ire) (Galileo {Ire}) and Group 1-winning filly serious work before Saturday=s GI Belmont S. under Found (Ire) (Galileo {Ire}) are no longer under cloudy skies Monday at consideration for Saturday=s Churchill Downs. The bay G1 Epsom Derby, and both covered five panels in will target mile races at 1:00.20 (video) with Royal Ascot. Martin Garcia in the irons Gleneagles was removed shortly after the from the Classic at renovation break. Monday=s scratching stage Churchill clocker John and will head to the G1 St. Nichols recorded 1/8-mile James=s Palace S. on the opening day of the Royal fractions in :13, :25 meeting June 16. Found, (:12), :36.60 (11.60) and who has been second in :48.60 (:12). He galloped Gleneagles winning the Irish both starts this year out six furlongs in 1:13, 2000 Guineas including the G1 Irish 1000 seven-eighths in 1:26 and Racing Post Photo Guineas May 24, will a mile in 1:39.60. contest the G1 Coronation Baffert noted how S. June 19. Found would have had to be supplemented pleased he was with the to the Derby at a cost of ,75,000. Coolmore and American Pharoah work later in the morning. trainer Aidan O=Brien are expected to be represented in Horsephotos AEverything went really the Derby by G3 Chester Vase scorer Hans Holbein well today,@ Hall of Fame (GB) (Montjeu {Ire}), owned in partnership with Teo Ah trainer Bob Baffert said outside Barn 33. -
EDITED PEDIGREE for 2019 out of M'selle (IRE)
EDITED PEDIGREE for 2019 out of M'SELLE (IRE) Exceed And Excel (AUS) Danehill (USA) Sire: (Bay 2000) Patrona (USA) COTAI GLORY (GB) (Chesnut 2012) Continua (USA) Elusive Quality (USA) (Chesnut 2007) Infinite Spirit (USA) (Bay filly 2019) Elnadim (USA) Danzig (USA) Dam: (Bay/Brown 1994) Elle Seule (USA) M'SELLE (IRE) (Bay 2011) Key Rose (IRE) Key of Luck (USA) (Bay 2003) Rumuz (IRE) 4Sx3Dx5D Danzig (USA), 5Sx5Sx4D Northern Dancer, 5Sx4D Pas de Nom (USA) 1st Dam M'SELLE (IRE), won 2 races at 2 years and £9,554 and placed 4 times; dam of 1 winner: LEZARDRIEUX (GB) (2017 g. by Due Diligence (USA)), won 3 races at 2 and 3 years, 2020 and £9,265 and placed once. Pentimento (GB) (2016 g. by Garswood (GB)), placed 3 times at 3 years, 2019 and £4,185. Comselle (GB) (2015 f. by Compton Place (GB)), placed once at 2 years. 2nd Dam Key Rose (IRE), won 3 races at home and in U.S.A. at 2, 4 and 5 years and £57,323, placed 8 times, placed third in Flame of Tara EBF Stakes, Curragh, L.; dam of 3 winners: SIR THEODORE (IRE), won 2 races at 2 and 3 years and placed 6 times; also won 2 races in Germany at 5 and 6 years, 2019 and placed 14 times. M'SELLE (IRE), see above. WUROOD (GB), won 1 race at 3 years and placed once. 3rd Dam RUMUZ (IRE), placed 4 times at 3 and 4 years; dam of 7 winners including: Key Rose (IRE), see above. -
INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS and TECHNICAL INFORMATION INTERNATIONAL STUD BOOK COMMITTEE LIST of APPROVED STUD BOOKS (66)
INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS and TECHNICAL INFORMATION INTERNATIONAL STUD BOOK COMMITTEE LIST OF APPROVED STUD BOOKS (66) Argentina Lithuania Australia Malaysia Austria Mexico Azerbaijan Morocco Bahrain Netherlands Barbados New Zealand Belgium and Luxembourg Norway Brazil Oman Bulgaria Paraguay Chile Peru China Philippines Colombia Poland Croatia Portugal Cyprus Qatar Czech Republic Romania Denmark Russia Dominican Republic Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of) Ecuador Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina Finland Slovakia France Slovenia Germany South Africa and Zimbabwe Great Britain and Ireland Spain Greece Sweden Hungary Switzerland India Syria Iran Trinidad and Tobago Italy Tunisia Jamaica Turkey Japan United Arab Emirates Kenya U.S.A., Canada and Puerto Rico Korea Uruguay Kuwait Uzbekistan Lebanon Venezuela Stud books under assessment Panama Ukraine 5-2 2019 STATISTICAL INFORMATION No. of Black-type 2019 No. of No. of No. of Graded races (incl. Country Part foals starters flat races races graded) Argentina I *5,920 11,122 5,613 160 234 Australia I 12,898 35,107 19,303 333 605 Austria III 11 51 8 N/A N/A Bahrain III 73 387 185 N/A N/A Belgium III 15 496 169 N/A N/A Brazil I 1,735 4,743 3,161 105 166 Canada I *1,221 4,480 3,135 45 150 Chile I 1,722 4,495 5,002 63 97 Czech Republic III 163 996 278 N/A N/A Dominican Republic III 82 300 360 N/A N/A Ecuador III 75 241 408 N/A N/A France I 5,072 8,326 4,920 116 242 Germany I 724 2,121 1,129 44 85 Great Britain I 4,748 11,527 6,366 158 292 Greece III 40 304 235 N/A N/A Hong Kong I N/A 1,365 812 31 34 Hungary III 116 476 266 N/A N/A India II 1,133 3,743 2,514 N/A 106 Ireland I 9,295 3,647 1,239 72 127 Italy I 490 2,850 2,118 26 76 Jamaica III 253 903 823 N/A N/A Japan I 7,349 24,595 16,444 129 231 Korea II 1,278 3,726 1,893 0 7 Macau II N/A 367 382 N/A 14 Malaysia II 0 1,045 839 N/A 15 Mauritius III 0 475 315 N/A N/A Mexico III 167 742 864 N/A N/A Morocco III 375 954 632 N/A N/A Netherlands III 8 57 19 N/A N/A New Zealand I 3,488 4,812 2,482 91 150 Panama II 219 1,034 1,255 N/A 40 5-3 2019 STATISTICAL INFORMATION No. -
Racing Career Extended Pedigree Sire Reference
tasleet (gb) bay, 2013, 15.2 1/2 (1.59m) racing career sire reference Year Age Starts Wins 2nd 3rd 4th Earnings By SHOWCASING (GB) (2007-Stud 2011), Won 2 races, £129,563, 6f., Irish TB Marketing Gimcrack Stakes, York, Gr.2, second in Duke of York Stakes, York, 2015 2 6 3 2 - 1 219,539 Gr.2, third in Shadwell Middle Park Stakes, Newmarket, Gr.1. Sire of- 2016 3 2 1 - - - 25,520 ADVERTISE (GB) (Keeneland Phoenix Stakes, Curragh, Gr.1, Commonwealth 2017 4 6 1 4 - - 395,538 Cup, Ascot, Gr.1, Prix Maurice de Gheest, Deauville, Gr.1, Arqana July Stakes, Newmarket, Gr.2, second in Darley Dewhurst Stakes, Newmarket, Gr.1, Darley 2018 5 3 - - 1 - 9,557 July Cup Stakes, Newmarket, Gr.1, Coventry Stakes, Ascot, Gr.2). Total 17 5 6 1 1 £650,154 QUIET REFLECTION (GB) (Sprint Cup, Haydock Park, Gr.1, Commonwealth Winning distances at 2 years and over 6f-7f Cup, Ascot, Gr.1, Sandy Lane Stakes, Haydock Park, Gr.2, Cornwallis Stakes, Newmarket, Gr.3, Renaissance Stakes, Naas, Gr.3, Prix Sigy, Chantilly, Gr.3, At 2 Won Compton Estates Rose Bowl Stakes, Newbury, L., (6f. beating Harry Rosebery Stakes, Ayr, L., third in Darley July Cup, Newmarket, Gr.1). Madrinho (IRE) and Plagiarism (USA)), DBS Premier Yearling Stakes, York, (6f. SOLDIER'S CALL (GB) (Flying Childers Stakes, Doncaster, Gr.2, Prix d'Arenberg, beating Ferryover (GB) and Still On Top (GB)), Truvape/EBF Maiden Stakes, Chantilly, Gr.3, Windsor Castle Stakes, Ascot, L., second in Nunthorpe Stakes, Chepstow, (6f. -
253 Claire De Lune (IRE) KBIF Sadler’S Wells
Barn 2 Hip No. Consigned by Taylor Made Sales Agency, Agent XIII 253 Claire de Lune (IRE) KBIF Sadler’s Wells . Northern Dancer Galileo . {Fairy Bridge Claire de {Urban Sea . Miswaki Lune (IRE) . {Allegretta (GB) Chestnut mare; Law Society . Alleged foaled 2013 {Solo de Lune . {Bold Bikini (1990) {Truly Special . Caerleon {Arctique Royale By GALILEO (1998), [G1] $2,245,373, European champion. Leading sire 20 times. Sire of 16 crops, 326 black type wnrs, 14 champions, $267,350,- 295, including Frankel [G1] ($4,789,144) and Highland Reel (IRE) [G1] (hwt, $10,530,964). Leading broodmare sire. Sire of dams of black type winners Sistercharlie (IRE), The Autumn Sun, Lea, Invincibella, etc. 1st dam Solo de Lune, by Law Society. Winner at 3 in France; placed at 3 in Ger- many, 2nd Preis der eh-Eisen-und Huttenprodukte-Bayerisher Stuten- preis [L]. Half-sister to WAREED [G2] (sire); TRULY A DREAM (IRE) [G2]. Dam of 13 foals of racing age, 12 to race, 11 winners, including-- L’ANCRESSE (IRE) (f. by Darshaan). Winner at 2, 19,880 pounds in Eng- land; winner at 3, 135,650 euro in Ireland, hwt., Rathbarry Studs Barathea Finale S. [L], etc.; placed in 1 start at 3, $212,000, in N.A./U.S., 2nd Breeders’ Cup Filly & Mare Turf [G1] (SA, $212,000). Total: $398,490. Dam of MASTER OF REALITY [G3] (g. by Frankel) to 5, 2020, Total: $485,913; CHAMONIX (g. by Galileo) Total: $102,283; Eminent Auth- ority (c. by Frankel). Granddam of MAGIC CIRCLE (g. by Makfi) Henry II S. -
Lot 69 UNNAMED Stable B8 Bay Colt Foaled 09.09.2017
Account of KLAWERVLEI STUD (PTY) LTD (As Agent). Lot 69 UNNAMED Stable B8 Bay colt Foaled 09.09.2017 Sire Galileo (IRE) Sadler's Wells (USA) . Northern Dancer (CAN) Frankel (GB) Urban Sea (USA).....................Miswaki (USA) 2008 Kind (IRE) Danehill (USA).......................... Danzig (USA) Rainbow Lake (GB) ..... Rainbow Quest (USA) Dam Sinndar (IRE) Grand Lodge (USA) .......Chief's Crown (USA) Hadarama (IRE) Sinntara (IRE)...........................Lashkari (GB) 2005 Handaza (IRE) Be My Guest (USA) ... Northern Dancer (CAN) Hazaradjat (IRE) .................... Darshaan (GB) FRANKEL (GB) (Bay 2008-Stud 2013). 14 wins-4 at 2, Ascot Champion S., Gr.1. Brother to SW Noble Mission. Sire of 214 rnrs, 143 wnrs, 34 SW, inc. SW Cracksman (Ascot Champion S., Gr.1), Soul Stirring, Without Parole, Call the Wind, Mozu Ascot, Rostropovich, Eminent, Finche, Queen Kindly, Miss Fabulass, Fashion Business, Frankuus, Monarchs Glen, Nelson, Mirage Dancer, East, Elarqam, Lightening Quick, Veracious, Cunco, etc. 1st dam HADARAMA (IRE), by Sinndar (IRE). Winner at 1½m in Ireland. Half-sister to HAMAIRI (IRE), HANABAD (IRE), Handazan (IRE), Hanakiyya (IRE) (dam of HUNAINA (IRE)), Hannda (IRE) (dam of SEAL OF APPROVAL (GB), GALE FORCE (GB)). This is her seventh living foal. Dam of six foals to race, three winners, inc:- The Cashel Man (IRE) (12 g. by High Chaparral (IRE)). 3 wins 14¼f to 16¼f, Newmarket Discovernewmarket.co.uk H., 2d Newmarket Cesarewitch Trial S., York Racing UK S., 3d York Fine Equinity S. Thunder Pass (IRE) (11 g. by High Chaparral (IRE)). 3 wins 1½m to 14¼f, 2d Goodwood William Grant & Sons S. Gavling (IRE) (15 c. -
9-8-15 BC Newsletter
September 10, 2015 Contact: Jim Gluckson 212-230-9512 Countdown to the Breeders’ Cup World Championships Newsletter Advisory: This is the fourth of nine weekly news releases focusing on the horses and races leading to the 32nd Breeders’ Cup World Championships on Friday, October 30 and Saturday, October 31 at Keeneland. For more information, please visit www.breederscup.com. The Breeders’ Cup will be televised live on NBC and NBCSN. The Breeders’ Cup will be televised live on NBC and NBCSN. You can follow all the contenders’ activity leading up to the Breeders’ Cup with Equibase’s free “Road to the Breeders’ Cup” Virtual Stable Virtual Stable notification service. Golden Horn, Gleneagles Slated to Finally Meet in Irish Champion The much anticipated matchup between star European miler GLENEAGLES (IRE) and fellow standout GOLDEN HORN (GB) appears set to finally take place Saturday in Leopardstown’s $1.33 million “Win and You’re In” QIPCO Irish Champion (GI), with an eight-horse field in place, and a berth in the Longines Breeders’ Cup Turf going to the winner. The Irish Champion is one of three Challenge races at Leopardstown and highlights a weekend that features 10 total “Win and You’re In” races, including the prestigious Ricoh Woodbine Mile (GI) Sunday. A rainy forecast for Friday has caused Leopardstown officials to move the Irish Champion to the outside course, and to start Saturday’s race about one hour earlier in the program. The connections of both Coolmore’s Gleneagles and Anthony Oppenheimer’s Golden Horn, the pair of 3-year-old standouts are expected to meet in the 1 ¼-mile race after the latter withdrew from a potential clash in the “Win and You’re In” Juddmonte International (GI) at York August 19 due to the soft turf. -
HORSE in TRAINING, Consigned by Glenburnie Stables, Ireland (G
HORSE IN TRAINING, consigned by Glenburnie Stables, Ireland (G. Lyons) the Property of a Partnership Green Desert (USA) Oasis Dream (GB) 14 (WITH VAT) Hope (IRE) Muhaarar (GB) Linamix (FR) Tahrir (IRE) Miss Sacha (IRE) LUMINESCE (GB) (2018) Zafonic (USA) Trade Fair (GB) A Bay Filly Must Be Me (GB) Danefair (GB) (2010) Inchinor (GB) Roodeye (GB) Roo (GB) GBB Registered (100%) LUMINESCE (GB), won 1 race at 2 years, 2020. Sold with pre-sale veterinary certificate (subject to re-examination) (see Conditions of Sale). Highest IHRB Rating 86 (Flat) Latest IHRB Rating 83 (Flat) (prior to compilation) ALL WEATHER 5 runs £810 TURF 4 runs 1 win £8,153 GF 6f 1st Dam MUST BE ME (GB), won 6 races at 2 to 5 years at home and in Italy and £50,352 and placed 12 times including fourth in Premio Pietro Bessero, Milan, L.; dam of one winner from 1 runner and 3 foals of racing age viz- LUMINESCE (GB) (2018 f. by Muhaarar (GB)), see above. Top Exhibit (GB) (2019 c. by Showcasing (GB)), unraced to date. She also has a 2020 filly by Muhaarar (GB) and a 2021 filly by Showcasing (GB). 2nd Dam Roodeye (GB), won 2 races at 2 and 3 years and £29,496 and placed 8 times including third in Dick Poole Stakes, Salisbury, L.; dam of eight winners from 9 runners and 9 foals of racing age including- MOHAATHER (GB) (c. by Showcasing (GB)), won 5 races at 2 to 4 years, 2020 and £287,756 including Sussex Stakes, Goodwood, Gr.1, Summer Mile, Ascot, Gr.2, Greenham Stakes, Newbury, Gr.3, Horris Hill Stakes, Newbury, Gr.3, placed once. -
EDITED PEDIGREE for SASKIA's DREAM (GB)
EDITED PEDIGREE for SASKIA'S DREAM (GB) Green Desert (USA) Danzig (USA) Sire: (Bay 1983) Foreign Courier (USA) OASIS DREAM (GB) (Bay 2000) Hope (IRE) Dancing Brave (USA) SASKIA'S DREAM (GB) (Bay 1991) Bahamian (Bay mare 2008) Reprimand Mummy's Pet Dam: (Bay 1985) Just You Wait SWYNFORD PLEASURE (GB) (Bay 1996) Pleasuring (GB) Good Times (ITY) (Chesnut 1989) Gliding 4Sx5S Northern Dancer, 5Sx5S Never Bend, 5Sx5D Nearctic, 5Dx5D Tudor Minstrel SASKIA'S DREAM (GB), won 3 races (5f. - 7f.) from 3 to 5 years and £19,972 and placed 25 times. 1st Dam SWYNFORD PLEASURE (GB), won 9 races from 4 to 7 years and £83,474 and placed 38 times; Own sister to RASHBAG (GB) and SUGGESTIVE (GB); dam of 3 winners: SASKIA'S DREAM (GB), see above. BEE BRAVE (GB) (2010 f. by Rail Link (GB)), won 1 race at 2 years and £3,881; also won 2 races in U.S.A. at 4 years, 2014 and £73,227 and placed twice. PETSAS PLEASURE (GB) (2006 g. by Observatory (USA)), won 2 races at 3 and 5 years and £13,017 and placed 14 times. Warrendale (GB) (2011 f. by Three Valleys (USA)), placed twice at 2 years. Hidden Treasures (GB) (2013 f. by Zoffany (IRE)). She also has a yearling colt by Equiano (FR). 2nd Dam PLEASURING (GB), placed twice at 2 and 3 years; dam of 8 winners: SUGGESTIVE (GB) (g. by Reprimand), won 9 races from 3 to 8 years and £265,398 including Woodford Reserve Criterion Stakes, Newmarket, Gr.3, Bank of Scotland John of Gaunt Stakes, Haydock Park, L., Mcarthurglen City of York Stakes, York, L. -
HARRY ANGEL Dual G1-Winning Sprinter Son of Elite Speed Sire Dark Angel
Winx: we say farewell to a legend in our special 12-page supplement Saturday, April 13, 2019 NEW HARRY ANGEL dual G1-winning sprinter son of elite speed sire Dark Angel “He has always been special.” Clive Cox, trainer New to Dark Angel - Beatrix Potter $22,000 inc. GST www.darley.com.au Winx: farewell to a What's On Stakes races: Randwick (NSW) - legend Queen Elizabeth Stakes (Gr 1, 2000m), Pages 9-20 Sydney Cup (Gr 1 3200m), Australian Oaks (Gr 1, 2400m), Coolmore Legacy Stakes (registered as Queen Of The Turf Stakes) (Gr 1, 1600m), Arrowfield 3YO Sprint (Gr 2, 1200m), Percy Sykes Stakes Saturday, April 13, 2019 (Gr 2, 1200m), Sapphire Stakes (Gr 2, 1200m), South Pacific Classic (Listed, Dual Group 1 winner 1400m), Fernhill Handicap (Listed, 1600m) - Caulfield (VIC) - Galilee Series Final (Listed, 2400m), Bel Esprit Harry Angel to shuttle to Stakes (Listed, 1100m) - Morphettville (SA) - R N Irwin Stakes (Gr 3, 1100m), Schweppervescence Stakes (registered Darley Australia as Auraria Stakes) (Gr 3, 1800m), Port Son of Dark Angel to stand at Kelvinside in New South Wales Adelaide Guineas (Listed, 1800m), Redelva Stakes (Listed, 1100m) - Ascot for a fee of $22,000 (WA) - W.A.T.C Derby (Gr 2, 2400m), Raconteur Stakes (Listed, 1500m) - Hastings (NZ) - Hawke’s Bay Cup (Listed, 2200m), NZB Finance Sprint (Listed, 1200m) - Riccarton Park (NZ) - Canterbury Gold Cup (Gr 3, 2000m), Warstep Stakes (Listed, 2000m) Stud News Waikato Stud announce 2019 fees as Savabeel spearheads five-strong roster Harry Angel JOHN grossick Waikato Stud stalwart Savabeel (Zabeel) Lane Stakes (Gr 2, 6f) as a three-year-old, after will work from a closed book for the 2019 By Lewis Lesbirel which he was acquired privately by Sheikh southern hemisphere breeding season, a move hampion sprinter Harry Angel Mohammed’s Godolphin operation. -
Limited Access Orders in the Developing World
WPS4359 POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 4359 Public Disclosure Authorized Limited Access Orders in the Developing World: Public Disclosure Authorized A New Approach to the Problems of Development Douglass C. North John Joseph Wallis Steven B. Webb Barry R. Weingast Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Independent Evaluation Group Country Relations Division September 2007 POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 4359 Abstract The upper-income, advanced industrial countries of elite factions. A common feature of limited access orders the world today all have market economies with open is that political elites divide up control of the economy, competition, competitive multi-party democratic each getting some share of the rents. Since outbreaks political systems, and a secure government monopoly of violence reduce the rents, the elite factions have over violence. Such open access orders, however, are incentives to be peaceable most of the time. Adequate not the only norm and equilibrium type of society. The stability of the rents and thus of the social order requires middle and low-income developing countries today, like limiting access and competition—hence a social order all countries before about 1800, can be understood as with a fundamentally different logic than the open access limited access orders that maintain their equilibrium in order. This paper lays out such a framework and explores a fundamentally different way. In limited access orders, some of its implications for the problems of development the state does not have a secure monopoly on violence, today. and society organizes itself to control violence among the This paper—a product of the Country Relations Division, World Bank Independent Evaluation Group—is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the role of economic and political institutions in development.