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, , Edited by Christine D. Worobec For a list of books in the series, visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. From Victory to Peace Russian Diplomacy aer Napoleon • Elise Kimerling Wirtschaer Copyright © by Cornell University e text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives . International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/./. To use this book, or parts of this book, in any way not covered by the license, please contact Cornell University Press, Sage House, East State Street, Ithaca, New York . Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. First published by Cornell University Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Wirtschaer, Elise Kimerling, author. Title: From victory to peace: Russian diplomacy aer Napoleon / by Elise Kimerling Wirtschaer. Description: Ithaca [New York]: Northern Illinois University Press, an imprint of Cornell University Press, . | Series: NIU series in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identiers: LCCN (print) | LCCN (ebook) | ISBN (paperback) | ISBN (pdf) | ISBN (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Russia—Foreign relations—–. | Russia—History— Alexander I, –. | Europe—Foreign relations—–. | Russia—Foreign relations—Europe. | Europe—Foreign relations—Russia. Classication: LCC DK.W (print) | LCC DK (ebook) | DDC ./—dc LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ Cover image adapted by Valerie Wirtschaer. is book is published as part of the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot. With the generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Pilot uses cutting-edge publishing technology to produce open access digital editions of high-quality, peer-reviewed monographs from leading university presses. -
The Image of Chemistry Presented by the Science Museum, London in the Twentieth Century: an International Perspective
The Image of Chemistry Presented by the Science Museum, London in the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective Peter Morris Abstract: How has chemistry been presented at the Science Museum, London, during the 20 th century? After an overview of the history of the Science Muse- um and its chemistry galleries, four galleries are considered in depth (1906, 1926, 1977, and 1999). The importance of the curators’ external constituency of chemists and chemical educators is emphasized. The image of chemistry at the Science Museum has concentrated on the general utility of chemistry and chemistry as a skilful craft. The presentation has been low-key rather than boosterist. A comparison is made with the chemistry galleries at the Deutsches Museum. Chemistry in the Deutsches Museum has put more emphasis on hands-on exhibits and the chemical industry. Science and technology museums have promoted chemistry in a quiet but successful way for many years, but their influence may have waned along with chemistry kits. Keywords : presentation of chemistry in museums, chemistry collections, chemistry galleries, Science Museum, Deutsches Museum . 1. Introduction Before we examine the image of chemistry that has been presented by the Science Museum during the 20th century, it is worth asking if science and technology museums have any influence on the public’s perception of chem- istry. While the impact of museums is inevitably less than, say, the mass me- dia, they do attract large audiences: the Science Museum had 1.2 million visi- tors in the 1930s, a peak of 4.2 million visitors in 1980 and 2.6 million visitors in 2004. -
The Universal House of Justice
The Universal House of Justice Department of the Secretariat 4 March 1975 To all National Spiritual Assemblies Dear Bahá’í Friends, Immediately after sending the cable announcing the joyful news of the acquisition of this property [the house of ‘Abdu’lláh Páshá], the Universal House of Justice had the enclosed article prepared at the World Center, and it is sent for you to disseminate as you see fit. With loving Bahá’í greetings, Department of the Secretariat The House of ‘Abdu’lláh Páshá Some of the most poignant, dramatic and historically significant events of the Heroic Age of our Faith are associated with this house, which derives its name from the Governor of ‘Akká who built it and used it as his official residence during his term of office, from 1820 to 1832. It stands just inside the northwestern corner of the sea wall of ‘Akká, in the close neighborhood of the citadel where Bahá’u’lláh was confined. The main building is L-shaped, facing south and east on its outer prospects. The structure, though chiefly on two stories, is irregular and on the inside angle has balconies, uncovered stairways, a bathhouse and a well. The entire property comprises large courtyards and is bounded on the west, or seaward, side by a wall, which turns due east at its southern angle and continues towards the heart of ‘Akká, forming after a few yards, the wall of a narrow street; at the eastern terminus of this wall, and within the property, is an imposing house which was occupied by that Governor of ‘Akká whose incumbency coincided with ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá’s residence in the main building, and whose northern windows permitted him to maintain a constant surveillance of ‘Abdu’l‑Bahá’s activities. -
Three Hundred Years of Assaying American Iron and Iron Ores
Bull. Hist. Chem, 17/18 (1995) 41 THREE HUNDRED YEARS OF ASSAYING AMERICAN IRON AND IRON ORES Kvn K. Oln, WthArt It can reasonably be argued that of all of the industries factors were behind this development; increased pro- that made the modern world possible, iron and steel cess sophistication, a better understanding of how im- making holds a pivotal place. Without ferrous metals purities affected iron quality, increased capital costs, and technology, much of the modem world simply would a generation of chemically trained metallurgists enter- not exist. As the American iron industry grew from the ing the industry. This paper describes the major advances isolated iron plantations of the colonial era to the com- in analytical development. It also describes how the plex steel mills of today, the science of assaying played 19th century iron industry serves as a model for the way a critical role. The assayer gave the iron maker valu- an expanding industry comes to rely on analytical data able guidance in the quest for ever improving quality for process control. and by 1900 had laid down a theoretical foundation for the triumphs of steel in our own century. 1500's to 1800 Yet little is known about the assayer and how his By the mid 1500's the operating principles of assay labo- abilities were used by industry. Much has been written ratories were understood and set forth in the metallurgi- about the ironmaster and the furnace workers. Docents cal literature. Agricola's Mtll (1556), in period dress host historic ironmaking sites and inter- Biringuccio's rthn (1540), and the pret the lives of housewives, miners, molders, clerks, rbrbühln (Assaying Booklet, anon. -
Florida State University Libraries
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2018 Alexander Pushkin and Gannibal: A Self Reclamation Caroline M. Pryor Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES ALEXANDER PUSHKIN AND GANNIBAL: A SELF RECLAMATION By CAROLINE M. PRYOR A Thesis submitted to the Department of Modern Languages & Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2018 Caroline M. Pryor defended this thesis on April 23, 2018. The members of the supervisory committee were: Lisa Ryoko Wakamiya Professor Directing Thesis Robert Romanchuk Committee Member Nina Efimov Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii This thesis is dedicated to all scholars of color who have dedicated themselves to a language where they are seldom seen. Your voice matters. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my wonderful thesis advisor Dr. Lisa Wakamiya of the Slavic Department at Florida State University. Her constant guidance and unwavering support pushed me to reach a wider depth of knowledge. This thesis would not be what it is today without her commentary and input to steer me in the right direction. I would also like to express my gratitude to the members of my committee, Dr. Robert Romanchuk and Dr. Nina Efimov for their support and insight during this process. Last but certainly not least, I would like to thank my partner, family, and friends for their encouragement, late night Strozier sessions, and unending cups of coffee. -
From Planning to Partition: Great Britain’S Policy Towards the Future of Kurdistan, 1915-1923
i From Planning to Partition: Great Britain’s Policy Towards The Future of Kurdistan, 1915-1923 ii Kurdistan Regional Government- Iraq Ministry of Education and Youth General Directorate of Information, Printing and Publishing ZHEEN ESTABLISHMENT FOR REVITALIZATOIN OF KURDISH DOCUMETARY AND JOURNALISTIC HERITAGE In the year 2004, Sulemanyah city has seen the establishment of the Zheen Establishment. This centre is specified in collecting, maintaining and republishing old Kurdish newspapers and magazines, Kurdish documents and foreign documents that are particular about the Kurdish nation and their homeland. The centre looks after manuscripts and books written by Kurdish authors in the past time. It also works hard to recollect scattered products of famous Kurdish writers, the memories of foreign experts and the references that take on the Kurdish history, demography and culture. The centre also pays similar attention to the documents that concern the neighbouring countries because of the common history and mutual interests. Besides, the centre has established a library and an index system of its huge collection to facilitate the works of the scholars and researchers. The centre occupies a four storey building of over one thousand square meters. By the end of the 2011, 142 books of which forty of them are in Arabic, four in Persian and the rest is in Kurdish. Three issues of Zheen magazine have also been published, beside the Kurdish language Arabic and Persian has used. It has also three centres for manuscripts, documents and antiquities. A special hall is specified for old photography for celebrities. A great number of documents, photos, manuscripts, magazines, newspapers and books have collected and digitalized. -
Thomas De Waal the Caucasus
THE CAUCASUS This page intentionally left blank THE CAUCASUS AN INTRODUCTION Thomas de Waal 1 2010 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data de Waal, Thomas. The Caucasus : an introduction / Thomas de Waal. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-539976-9; 978-0-19-539977-6 (pbk.) 1. Caucasus Region—Politics and government. 2. Caucasus Region—History. 3. Caucasus Region—Relations—Russia. 4. Russia—Relations—Caucasus Region. 5. Caucasus Region—Relations—Soviet Union. 6. Soviet Union—Relations—Caucasus Region. I. Title. DK509.D33 2010 947.5—dc22 2009052376 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To Zoe This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction 1 1. -
Bahá'i Holy Places
26 November 2007 Bahá’i Holy Places (Israel) 31 January 2008 Background: This is a referred back nomination No 1220 rev (31 COM, Christchurch, 2007). A first nomination dossier for Bahá’i Holy Places in Haifa and the Western Galilee was examined by the World Heritage Committee at its 31st session Official name as proposed (Christchurch, 2007). At the time, ICOMOS by the State Party: Bahá’i Holy Places in Haifa recommended to refer the nomination back to the State and the Western Galilee Party in order to allow it to: Location: Haifa and Northern Districts • Put in place stronger protection, particularly for Brief description: the buffer zones and settings of the sites which comprise the nominated property. The Bahá’í faith originated in 1844 with the declaration of its Prophet-Herald, the Báb, in the city of Shíráz, Iran. The World Heritage Committee adopted the following The rapid spread of the new creed was met by savage decision (31 COM 8B.41): persecution, and the execution of the Báb in 1850. His follower Bahá’u’lláh a Persian nobleman, became the 1. Having examined the documents WHC-07/31.COM/8B focus for the new faith. After persecution and banishment and WHC-07/31.COM/INF.8B.1, to various parts of the Ottoman Empire, he arrived in Acre in 1868. Bahá’u’lláh spent the remaining 24 years 2. Considers, bearing in mind the nature of the of his life in Western Galilee compiling the scriptures nomination, its eligibility for recognition of its that are the foundation of the Bahá’í faith and Outstanding Universal Value on the basis of criterion establishing a spiritual and administrative centre for the (vi). -
The Agricultural Activities of John Wilkinson, Ironmaster by W
The Agricultural Activities of John Wilkinson, Ironmaster By W. H. CHALONER ii T is not generally known that besides culture, who honoured Wilkinson with a visit i! i it being a large-scale industrialist, John to Castlehead in x8o5, it would have been Wilkinson (i728-i8o8), the celebrated called in Scotland a "flow moss." On the :1 I ironmaster, was also one of the "spirited average about five feet of the first stratum proprietors" who appear so frequently in consisted of a soft, spongy kind of peat, which agricultural history during the latter half of made very poor fuel. Below this, however, the the eighteenth century. His youthful back- black peat was deep (I 5 feet and over) and of i: ground was semi-rural, but his career as a excellent quality. After these two layers the large-scale landowner does not appear to bottom was "a fine strong blue clay," capable i i ~ have begun until the War of American Inde- of being used as a top dressing after being pendence (z776-83) , when it became difficult burnt in small heaps with peat, but otherwise to satisfy public and private demands for "unfriendly to vegetation until it has been cannon. Consequently his profits as an iron- long exposed to, and ameliorated by the master accumulated rapidly, and some of atmosphere."" them were invested in agricultural improve- Wilkinson's first attempts to improve ment. About z777-8 he bought the bleak hill about four or five acres of this waste marsh, of Castlehead, near Grange-over-Sands in on which animals could only be pastured in north Lancashire, then surrounded by a frosty weather, began in I778 and were un- peaty marsh, and the adjacent Wilson House successful. -
Growth and Transition in the Cleveland Iron and Steel Industry, 1850 to 1914
Durham E-Theses Growth and Transition in the Cleveland Iron and Steel Industry, 1850 to 1914. JAMES, STEPHEN How to cite: JAMES, STEPHEN (2013) Growth and Transition in the Cleveland Iron and Steel Industry, 1850 to 1914., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6957/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Growth and Transition in the Cleveland Iron and Steel Industry, 1850 to 1914. Stephen James Abstract The dramatic expansion of the iron industry in Cleveland from 1850 propelled the district briefly to the position of the world’s largest iron-producing centre and brought about the formation of a major industrial cluster in a previously unindustrialised area. By the end of the 1870s, however, its prosperity was threatened by developments in steel-production technology and the growth of iron and steel output in the US and Germany. -
The Royalist and Parliamentarian War Effort in Shropshire During the First and Second English Civil Wars, 1642-1648
The Royalist and Parliamentarian War Effort in Shropshire During the First and Second English Civil Wars, 1642-1648 Item Type Thesis or dissertation Authors Worton, Jonathan Citation Worton, J. (2015). The royalist and parliamentarian war effort in Shropshire during the first and second English civil wars, 1642-1648. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Chester, United Kingdom. Publisher University of Chester Download date 24/09/2021 00:57:51 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/612966 The Royalist and Parliamentarian War Effort in Shropshire During the First and Second English Civil Wars, 1642-1648 Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of The University of Chester For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Jonathan Worton June 2015 ABSTRACT The Royalist and Parliamentarian War Effort in Shropshire During the First and Second English Civil Wars, 1642-1648 Jonathan Worton Addressing the military organisation of both Royalists and Parliamentarians, the subject of this thesis is an examination of war effort during the mid-seventeenth century English Civil Wars by taking the example of Shropshire. The county was contested during the First Civil War of 1642-6 and also saw armed conflict on a smaller scale during the Second Civil War of 1648. This detailed study provides a comprehensive bipartisan analysis of military endeavour, in terms of organisation and of the engagements fought. Drawing on numerous primary sources, it explores: leadership and administration; recruitment and the armed forces; military finance; supply and logistics; and the nature and conduct of the fighting. -
Iron Furnaces of the Ghost Town Trail
When enough iron had melted, the furnace was The Making of Charcoal INDIANA COUNTY PARKS & TRAILS tapped and iron ran into channels cut into the One of the earliest industries in PA was the sand floor of the casting house in front of the charcoal iron industry. At hundreds of furnaces furnace. The main stream of molten iron was throughout the state, iron ore was reduced to IRON FURNACES called the “sow”, the side channels were called iron by smelting ore with charcoal as the fuel. OF THE “pigs”, the product produced was called pig iron. Charcoal was used instead of raw wood because it burns hotter. GHOST TOWN TRAIL The pig iron had to be further refined before it could be used. Iron bars from the furnaces Producing charcoal required woodchoppers were hauled by wagon to the PA Canal and then who cleared the surrounding forests. Using transported to a forge in Pittsburgh. After being axes the woodchoppers cut trees into four foot forged the iron was turned into products such as lengths which were stacked on end in a large utensils, stoves and other useful items. circular area called a hearth. To operate a furnace required one acre of forest per day. The Iron Workers Those who lived and worked at the iron furnaces lived hard lives which varied by their skills, responsibilities and social status. Everything the workers needed from their clothes to food to housing was provided by the furnace owner. Workers were paid “in-kind” rather than in cash. Workers at the furnace included fillers, guttermen, moulders, colliers, miners, laborers, teamsters and woodcutters.