GGFR Technology Overview – Utilization of Small-Scale Associated Gas
Amazonas Station, OCP Ecuador S.A. (Photo: Wärtsilä)
February 2018
Contents
1 Disclaimer ...... 4 2 Gas Processing ...... 5 Aspen Engineering Services: NGL Pro ...... 6 BINGO Interests ...... 7 Expansion Energy ...... 8 GTUIT ...... 9 Membrane Technology & Research Inc. (MTR, Inc.): LPG-SepTM ...... 10 Nacelle: Big DogTM Flare Recovery System ...... 11 Pioneer Energy: Flarecatcher and NGL Distillation Systems ...... 12 Unicorn Power Ltd. and Green Recycling Technologies ...... 13 3 Power Generation ...... 14 Aggreko ...... 15 APR Energy: TM2500+TM Mobile Gas Turbine...... 16 BINGO Interests ...... 17 Capstone Turbine Corporation: C30, C65, C200, C600S, C800S and C1000S ...... 18 GE: Waukesha and Jenbacher ...... 19 LPP Combustion, LLC ...... 20 Moser Energy Systems ...... 21 OPRA Turbines: OP16 Gas Turbine ...... 22 Turboden – Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group ...... 23 Unicorn Power and Green Recycling Technologies ...... 24 Wärtsilä 32GD and 46 GD Multifuel power plants ...... 25 4 CNG – Compressed Natural Gas ...... 26 Page 2
GE ...... 27 5 Mini-LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas ...... 28 Calvert Energy Group/Cosmodyne ...... 29 Contacts: ...... 29 Chart Industries ...... 30 Expansion Energy ...... 31 Galileo ...... 32 GE ...... 33 Linde Cryostar - StarLiteLNGTM ...... 34 Beerenstank ...... 35 6 Mini-GTL – Gas to Liquids ...... 36 Calvert Energy Group/OXEON ...... 37 GasTechno Energy & Fuels (GEF) ...... 39 Greyrock ...... 40 Metgas Processing Technologies S.p.A ...... 41 Primus Green Energy ...... 42 Velocys ...... 43
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1 Disclaimer
The information contained in this website is for general information purposes only. The company and technology overviews included on this site were provided to the World Bank because of the companies’ interest in the Global Gas Flaring Reduction Partnership’s (GGFR) mission to advocate gas-flaring reduction and because of GGFR’s interest in making information about technologies readily available to flare-out project developers. The World Bank and GGFR do not control the information provided by the companies. You acknowledge and agree that neither the World Bank nor GGFR is responsible or liable for: (i) the availability or accuracy of the company and technology information on this website or any linked sites or resources; or (ii) the content, advertising, or products on or available from linked websites or resources. The inclusion of information on this website does not imply that either the World Bank or GGFR endorses the information, technologies or companies on this website or linked sites.
While the World Bank and GGFR endeavor to keep information up to date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, expressed or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, non-infringement or availability with respect to the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in this website for any purpose. The World Bank and GGFR assume no responsibility for the information provided through this website or of other sites linked to it. In no event will we be liable for any loss or damage including, without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever in connection with your use or reliance upon such information or your access to, or inability to access, such information or sites. Before you act on any information found on our website, you should independently confirm any facts that are important to your decision. Any reliance you place on such information is strictly at your own risk.
The Global Gas Flaring Reduction partnership (GGFR) is a public-private partnership that was formed in 2002 by multilateral organizations, governments, and oil companies. It is hosted and managed by the World Bank. GGFR provides a platform to support national governments and the petroleum industry in their efforts to reduce flaring and venting of gas associated with the extraction of crude oil.
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2 Gas Processing
Processing of associated gas for entry into a pipeline system or where further utilization (e.g. CNG, Mini-GTL) requires heavier components and/or contaminants to be removed.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
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Gas Processing
Aspen Engineering Services: NGL Pro Aspen Engineering Services offers technology for flare reduction, gas conditioning and NGL recovery. The ‘NGL Pro’ process integrates dehydration, compression, cooling and conditioning, eliminating the need for costly glycol and refrigeration systems. Hydrate formation is precluded by a heat integration system. Consequently, no antifreeze additives are required. The ‘NGL Pro’ process can be coupled with the ‘LNG-Pure’ system to co-produce LNG and NGL, and thereby eliminate flaring.
Contact: James Meyer, [email protected]
Aspen Engineering Services – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Gas processing and NGL Standard unit size is Power from grid, Company Company Sale, lease or A commercial unit extraction 2.5 MMSCFD. Units on-site micro-grid, indicated very indicated licens will be tested Q1 Please contact company for can be paralleled for or gas-fired low suitable for 2017 allowable BTU variability and larger capacity generators maintenance offshore simulation report requirement applications
H2S tolerance for the unit is Scalable & modular - up to 3% 2.5 MMSCFD on an 8’ Raw gas minimum inlet x 25’ skid Footprint is 8’ Independent pressure is 20 - 75 psig x 25’ for 2.5 compressor skid Please contact company for Cost USD650K for 2.5 MMSCFD required components separated and MMSCFD separation efficiency Handles variable flow by stabilizing compression system using recycle stream
Page 6 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing
BINGO Interests BINGO Interests LLC provides oil and gas operators comprehensive natural gas dual-fuel services. As a partner of Lime Instruments, an independent energy- focused controls and automation company in the United States, BINGO utilizes dual-fuel solutions to help energy companies lower frac and drilling fuel costs and eliminate the need to flare. In order to maximize savings, operators can choose from flare gas, pipeline gas, CNG, LNG, or any combination in order to optimize their dual-fuel solution. Bingo’s management team has over 100 years of combined industry experience.
Contact: Nick Anderson, [email protected]
Bingo Interests – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Gas processing using Unit size available: Power from grid, Remotely Company Flexible Unit operating in mechanical refrigeration (MR), 100 MCFD to 10 on-site micro- monitored but indicated Pennsylvania is a Joule – Thompson (JT) skid or MMCFD grid, or gas fired requires suitability for dehydration unit dehydration skid generators that periodic offshore due to clean gas BTU manipulation technology uses well site- preventive applications production. Unit allows for optimal substitution produced gas maintenance in North Dakota is and minimal gas slip checks and a mechanical Gas with H2S below 2500 ppm is Scalable & services (PMCS) Please contact refrigeration unit treated using scavenger or modular – on site company for due to heavy wet amine unit to less than 1 ppm footprint is 60’ X certification gas production No inlet pressure threshold. 80’ for 5 MMSCFD BINGO has gas compressors and or 8’ X 18’ for knock-down skids to handle any 100MCFD pressure Please contact the company for Cost USD500/day Footprint: 60’ X separation efficiency – 6,000/day 80’ for 5 Handles variable gas flow rate MMSCFD, 8’ X 18’ for 100MCFD
Page 7 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing Expansion Energy Expansion Energy is a New York-based company focused on developing and licensing technologies for the energy, environmental and industrial sectors. Expansion Energy’s technologies stem largely from the science of cryogenics and the disciplines of natural gas processing and industrial gas production.
Contact: Jeremy Dockter, [email protected] David Vandor, [email protected]
Expansion Energy – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Gas processing using Unit size range available: If VX Cycle LNG Company Small footprint Sell, lease or 10 VX Cycle LNG mechanical refrigeration to 0.5 MMCSFD to 9 plant installed, indicated low allows for license plants have been separate NGLs at -150o F and MMCSFD of feed gas. power needed is maintenance offshore built and 400 psia produced on requirements. deployment. deployed over Pre-treatment skid removes site by the VX the past several H2S Cycle, using Please contact Please contact years Minimum gas inlet pressure Scalable and modular for feedstock gas. company for company for is 50 psia all scales, and truck more more All pre-processing, such as mounted for the smallest Otherwise information information power required water and CO2 removal, are versions. included in the VX Cycle. from other Please contact company for source component separation efficiency Handles rapidly varying gas Please contact company flows for cost.
Page 8 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing GTUIT GTUIT creates solutions for flare capture and associated gas conditioning challenges. Their equipment and manufacturing processes are ISO 9001:2008 compliant. GTUIT Corporate Office is located in Billings, Montana.
Contact: George Chedsey, [email protected] Brian Cebull, [email protected] Christian Orms, [email protected]
GTUIT – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements On-Site gas processing using Unit sizes available: Power from grid, GTUIT is a gas Company Sale, train, and 20 MMCFSD of mechanical refrigeration and 250, 500, 1000 on-site micro-grid, processing indicated support processing gas compression MCSFD or gas fired partner with suitable for capacity in North High BTU gas processing generators that Caterpillar Oil offshore America units for NGL recovery and uses system’s & Gas and uses applications fuel conditioning produced gas Caterpillar dealers H2S treatment for Scalable & modular - NGL/produced Please contact 20 million gallons worldwide concentrations as high as up to 5000 MCFSD liquids storage company for of NGL’s produced
20,000 PPM per site. certification and sold Raw gas minimum inlet Mobile - 48 hour Comprehensive Trouble pressure ≈ 1 psig deployment time service training shooting, parts, Recovers up to 75% of the Cost USD1000-2000 Water is removed and Please contact and Over 250,000 propane and heavier per MCFD from typical raw documentation company for remote/onsite operational hours components configuration gas streams – provided by footprint technical Proprietary flow control dependent requires disposal GTUIT support equipment on-site available
Page 9 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing Membrane Technology & Research Inc. (MTR, Inc.): LPG-SepTM Since its beginnings in 1982, MTR has grown continuously as industry embraced membranes as an effective gas separation technology. MTR now provides a full range of gas separation solutions for petrochemical plants, refineries, and gas processing facilities. MTR's administrative, research, and manufacturing facilities are located in Newark, California. The company has sales offices in Houston, Texas and Brussels, Belgium, and sales agents worldwide.
Contact: Kaaeid Lokhandwala, [email protected]
Membrane Tech & Res. – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Gas processing using hybrid Unit sizes available: Power from grid, Maintenance Company Sale MTR has been combination of membrane 1, 5, 10 and 15 on-site micro-grid, required on indicated building & chiller MMSCFD. or gas-fired feed suitability for hydrocarbon Feed BTU Content can vary Higher flowrates can generators that use compressor. offshore recovery systems between 1000 BTU/SCF – also be designed if system’s produced Compression applications for 20+ years for 400 BTU/SCF LHV required gas equipment is various standard applications. H2S pretreatment required Scalable & modular. NGL/produced MTR can build oilfield More than 100 upstream to produce sulfur- Containerized and to required liquids storage compression units are in free LPG and condensate truck mounted up to offshore/FPSO operation Feed gas pressure as low as 1 5 MMSCFD Membranes specifications worldwide. MTR psig need to be supplied complete Recovers up to 90% of C3+ Cost USD7-8 million replaced every Compact skid-mounted hydrocarbons for 5-7 MMSCFD, 3-5 years footprints scope excluding USD10-15 million for possible with Handles variable gas flow NGL/LPG storage rates 10-15 MMSCFD hybrid approach
Page 10 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing
Nacelle: Big DogTM Flare Recovery System Founded in 2014, Nacelle offers proprietary solutions in natural gas fueling, BTU reduction, and NGL capture & extraction.
Contact: Chris O'Connell, [email protected] Gov Graney, [email protected]
Nacelle – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Gas processing. Unit sizes available: NGL/produced Dependent Equipment is Business model Nacelle has NGL extraction based on 200 MCFD to 20 liquids storage. upon region of suitable for varies by region. worked for membrane separation MMCFD operation, offshore Please contact various operators Handles variable gas Depending on Nacelle offers service Nacelle for in the United composition (wide range of equipment utilized turn-key O&M. specifics related States. BTU variability handling) for application, to client’s Commercial units Skilled situation are in operation Please contact Nacelle for The systems are truck additional H2S treatment requirement operators since March 2016. mounted, and operational required. Feed gas pressure varies scalable. The requirements may between 50 and 1200 psi Regular standard size is two apply. 48’ flat deck trailers scheduled Please contact preventative Please contact company for Cost dependent on Nacelle for maintenance. component separation and type of service specifics related to On-stream efficiency agreement and scope client’s situation factor above System is able to handle of work 92% fluctuating gas flows Page 11 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing Pioneer Energy: Flarecatcher and NGL Distillation Systems Pioneer Energy’s Flarecatcher extracts NGLs from associated gas at the well site, using its Deep RefrigerationTM technology. The company is a Lakewood, Colorado-based service provider and original equipment manufacturer.
Contact: Joseph Palaia, [email protected]
Pioneer Energy – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Flarecatcher – Gas Unit sizes available: External electrical Basic mechanic System can be Sale. 6 Pioneer Energy’s processing plant using 400, 1000, 2000, input – can be or technician barge or boat Complete turn- Flarecatcher units mechanical refrigeration to 3000, 4000 MSCFD generated by level staff is mounted to key service is currently operate chill to -65 oC natural gas required for service off- available for in DJ Basin, NGL distillation system – generator run off operations and shore domestic clients. Colorado, since modular distillation systems ethane separated maintenance application Remote control, 2014 – to separate produced NGLs by Flarecatcher O&M training is temperature into propane, butane, and available for variations NG condensate streams international between -40 oC o Handles H2S concentration Units available in clients and +40 C. up to 20 ppm, H2S removal trailer or skid- 15 MMScf/day of required above mounted gas processed and Raw gas with minimum inlet configuration and can NGL/produced Value added 35,000 gallons of pressure of 20 psig be in parallel liquid can be services such as NGL produced (by Separation efficiency >70% Cost varies since stored in propane on-site 2016) for propane; >95% for C4+ every project is tanks, typically installation and Handles variable gas different. Interested 18,000 gallon training, remote composition and flows using parties should bullet tanks rated monitoring and variable speed compressor contact provider 250 psi would fit operation
Page 12 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Gas Processing Unicorn Power Ltd. and Green Recycling Technologies Unicorn Power Solutions Private Ltd. offers facility power solutions and services, with presence across India and in the Middle East. Unicorn’s business portfolio of standby power solutions and facility services comprises diesel generators, UPS Systems, specialized batteries, DC power systems, facility management, power quality and energy management solutions.
Contact: Steven Miszkowicz, [email protected]
Additional Technology & operating Size range & Offshore Experience to operational O&M Business model conditions cost suitability date requirements Cold-plasma gas scrubber 200 and 500 kW units Please Company Offshore Sale New technology. conversion of associated gas (ca. 60-150 m3/h raw contact indicated that suitable Pending into syngas, which can be used methane) company for O&M is depending on installations at for power generation or fuel additional comparable to power/gas several production operational a diesel receiver international and Please contact company for requirements generator. availability domestic gas well tolerance to BTU variability sites Please contact H2S tolerance up to 200 ppm Scalable & modular – Please contact company for Minimum gas intake pressure multiple of 200 and 500 company for kW units O&M certification 0.4 psi Handles flow variability (<50% Cost USD2.5 million/MW Please contact change in 15 minutes) for gas scrubber and company for generation set; footprint USD0.8 million/MW for gas scrubber alone
Page 13 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
3 Power Generation
Technologies suitable to generate electricity from associated gas.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
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Power Generation Aggreko With 10 GW of global generation capacity and operations in more than 100 countries, Aggreko is a supplier of mobile, modular power generation. Aggreko supplies large-scale, supplementary generation capacity to state utilities, powering off-grid mines and oil and gas facilities, and a wide array of heavy industries. Aggreko has developed a fully integrated, mobile generation system running on APG and coalbed methane to exploit smaller, isolated gas reserves where the construction of permanent infrastructure is unviable. Much needed electricity is produced through previously wasted fuel, and customers avoid possible financial penalties imposed on flaring.
Contact: Bali Sahdra, [email protected] Nicholas van Santen, [email protected]
Aggreko – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Power generation using gas Aggreko operates a Each project has its Aggreko Extensive Rental model Flare gas-to- reciprocating engines. fleet of generators own bespoke manages all power whereby all power sites have Gas volume requirements ranging from 30kW requirements, O&M activities, generation project elements been successfully 340 Mscfd/MW to 2MW which are as part of its experience in are managed by operating since Handles standard inlet gas Scalable, modular managed and built fully integrated, offshore Aggreko. 2008. Aggreko pressure ranges 5-6 bar; and and truck mounted. into the project end-to-end environments. Minimizes currently rental package While APG capital outlay generates 200 up to 100 bar with gas Gensets are design pressure reduction and containerized in 20 ft packages are and offers MW at sites in filtration equipment. containers. currently all complete Russia, Romania Technology covers a range of onshore, flexibility. and South Africa gas specs adapting for Contact Aggreko offshore is for BOT No pre-processing required Pricing is dependent entirely opportunities. (subject to gas specification) on each specific feasible H2S content up to 10 ppm. project. Contact Multi-fueling available (gas Aggreko for details and propane)
Page 15 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation APR Energy: TM2500+TM Mobile Gas Turbine APR Energy became an independent company in March 2004, when co-founders John Campion and Laurence Anderson bought the ALSTOM Power Rentals division from ALSTOM Power. They continued to operate with a licensing agreement under the ALSTOM brand until June 2008, when it was rebranded as APR Energy. In June 2011, Horizon Acquisition Company acquired APR Energy, and in September 2011 re-listed it on the London Stock Exchange. APR Energy headquarter is in Jacksonville, Florida.
Contact: Eric Toumayan, [email protected]
APR – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Turnkey power generation TM2500+ ISO rating The turbine fleet is APR provides APR standard APR typically APR has a fleet of solutions using gas turbines is 26-30MW (will designed for rapid comprehensive turbine structures its in excess of Please contact APR Energy increase to 30 – deployment and operation and products are deals as Power 2000MW and has for gas-pressure/volume 35MW in 2017) reliable ongoing maintenance not configured Purchase completed over requirements and operation in any services, plus for offshore Agreements, but 3GW over 30 customized performance environment supply of all service. for longer term countries. Please data necessary spare Customized contracts BOOT contact APR Please contact APR Energy Turbine solutions are parts and options are options are Energy for further for sensitivity to gas scalable and consumables available. available. IPP details composition and flow rate modular, ranging for the turbines Please contact solutions from 20 to 500 MW and balance of APR Energy for inclusive of fuel Multi-fuel configurations Please contact APR plant further details supply also (diesel, gas, LPG, naphtha) Energy for cost possible. Please contact APR Energy for further details
Page 16 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation BINGO Interests BINGO Interests LLC provides oil and gas operators natural gas dual-fuel services. As a partner of Lime Instruments, an independent energy-focused controls and automation company in the United States, BINGO utilizes dual-fuel solutions to help energy companies lower frac and drilling fuel costs and eliminate the need to flare. In order to maximize savings, operators can choose from flare gas, pipeline gas, CNG, LNG, or any combination in order to optimize their dual-fuel solution. BINGO’s management team has over 100 years of combined industry experience.
Contact: Nick Anderson, [email protected]
BINGO – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & Operating operational O&M Business model Cost suitability date conditions requirements Power generation using Turbines typically Preventive Company Sale or lease - - radial gas turbines scaled to 250 kW – 30 maintenance indicated Gas volume requirement of MW checks and suitability for 360 Mcfd/MW services offshore Minimum gas inlet pressure Turbines are scalable, monthly. Please contact is 70 psi modular and company for Handles variable gas flow containerized. certification rate. Footprint is 6’ x 10’ for 35kw genset, 8’ X 55’ for 5MW genset Proprietary BTU Cost depends on scale Footprint is 6’ manipulation technology and operation. Contact x 10’ for 35kw allows for optimal efficiency BINGO for a quote genset, 8’ X 55’ burn and minimal gas slip for 5MW Multi-fueling possible with genset diesel or natural gas by rapid switching Page 17 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Capstone Turbine Corporation: C30, C65, C200, C600S, C800S and C1000S Capstone is a member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Combined Heat and Power Partnership, which is committed to improving the efficiency of the nation’s energy infrastructure and reducing emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. A UL-Certified ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004 company, Capstone is headquartered in the Los Angeles area with sales and/or service centers in the United States, Latin America, Europe, Middle East, China and Singapore.
Contact: Augusto Farro, [email protected]
Capstone – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Micro-turbine power Unit sizes available: Beside gas flare, air Includes the Available Sale through Several units generation 30, 65, 200, 600, 800, and fuel free of first 8,000 configuration international C30s, C65, C800s Gas volume requirement: 10 1000 kW liquids and filtered hours and then suitable for distributors’ C1000s operating Mcf/day for 30 kW; 20 for particulates are the 40,000 offshore. network. Lease on wet flare gas in Mcf/day for 65 kW; 54 required for off- hours and financing Germany, the U.S. Mcf/day for 200 kW grid application. overhauls. Compliant for options also (Wyoming, Gas inlet pressure is 55-60 Units are scalable Air and fuel explosive available California) and psig for C3 model, 75-80 psig and modular. Can be filters change environments Russia. The units for C65 to C1000 models put in parallel. All (site (ATEX in Russia operate Handles variable gas models can be skid or dependent). Directive on flare gas composition (up to 70% CO2, trailer mounted, or 94/9/EC) containing up to 22% N2, 30,000 ppm H2S) and containerized No lubricants of 3.5 % H2S flow refrigerant Pre-processing is not Cost USD1,000 - required expected to be required 1,700/kW depending Multi-fueling is possible on model, using diesel, propane and configuration and kerosene options
Page 18 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation GE: Waukesha and Jenbacher For more than 80 years, GE has been recognized as a manufacturer in the development and production of gas engines for the efficient generation of power and heat. Essential components necessary for reliable engine operation – such as spark plugs, gas mixer, and engine controls – are developed directly in Jenbach and Waukesha. This allows GE to control the development and construction, system integration, and testing of the complete units.
Contact: Chris Maslak, [email protected] Larissa Shaaked, [email protected]
GE – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Power generation using Unit size range for Please contact O&M is carried Waukesha Sale through ~30 years of reciprocating gas engines. Waukesha engines: company for out by engines are authorized experience in Depend on engine type, 200KW – 3.7MW; additional authorized suitable for distributors & remote areas. application – island, standby or Jenbacher engines: operational distributors and offshore service providers continuous and power rating 250KW – 9.5MW requirements service 3 applications Gas inlet pressure is 60 – 115 Units are scalable, providers. Please contact using associated psi. Allowable gas pressure modular and company for gas supply in variation: ±10% containerized. Please contact certification middle East Handles variable gas company for composition and flow but not Practical size: 200KW – detailed O&M below engine nominal 2.5MW threshold Gas pre-processing provided by Please contact Please contact company but can be company for cost company for outsourced depending on footprint application Multi-fueling possible with some units Page 19 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation LPP Combustion, LLC LPP Combustion, LLC (LPP), a Maryland, USA-based company, has developed a technology for lean, pre-mixed, pre-vaporized combustion of liquid fuels, allowing these fuels to burn cleanly in natural gas-fired power turbines and other combustion devices.
Contact: Leo Eskin, [email protected] Chris Broemmelsiek, [email protected] Arthur Schatz, [email protected]
LPP – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Fuel preparation skid for Unit size range from Oil and gas Company Sale, lease A mobile 30 kW - making flare gas usable in 30 kW to 300 MW plant indicated commercial unit turbines or engines technician can suitability for running on flare Gas volume requirement of Genset can be learn to offshore gas. 186 – 280 Mcf/day/MW for supplied upon request operate the Currently simple-cycle turbines skid installing a 65 kW skid in Canada to Compresses the fuel to Skids are inherently Please contact operate on turbine inlet pressure modular in design, and company for vaporized waste Handles variable gas containerized and Annual certification petroleum composition and flow truck mounted up to maintenance products 30 MW outage of few Pre-processing of gas not Cost USD1200/kW for days is Please contact required systems under 200 kW anticipated company for Multi-fueling simultaneously and USD150 – 300/kW footprint and by rapid switching for multi-MW Page 20 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Moser Energy Systems Moser Energy Systems was founded in 1973 by Jim and Kathy Moser. Moser Energy Systems began manufacturing associated gas-powered generators in 2009, changing the way oil and gas operators make use of unwanted associated gas from oil wells, a resource often burned off (flared). Moser Energy Systems is headquartered in Wyoming, USA.
Contact: Mark Bohon, [email protected] Pascal Boudreau, [email protected]
Moser – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Power generation using Unit size available: Minimize liquids in Monthly oil In progress Sale, rental or Moser fleet has natural gas generator 70, 125, 170, 225, wellhead gas changes, joint venture over 10 million Gas volume requirement of 350, 1000 kW quarterly valve run -hours using 10 -250 Mcfd depending on adjustments, associated gas unit size semi-annual Gas inlet pressure range Units are enclosed on sparkplug 5 – 50 psi trailer or skid. replacement Variable inlet gas flows and Paralleling capable up Insulating above heat content (800-1800 Btu) to 32 units ground gas lines, if Minimal to no gas processing Contact company for operations are in (up to 200 ppm H2S). cost cold climates Generators include scrubber with auto-pump to empty accumulated liquids Multi-fueling using natural gas and propane
Page 21 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation OPRA Turbines: OP16 Gas Turbine OPRA Turbines is a developer and manufacturer of advanced radial gas turbines and gas turbine powered generator sets in the 2MW power range. The OP16 gas turbine benefits from a simple and flexible design providing robustness, reliability, and low emissions for a variety of applications within the oil & gas industry in the 1 – 10 MW power range. OPRA Turbines was founded in 1991. Turbine package engineering, manufacturing, R&D, testing, and service activities are located in Hengelo, The Netherlands.
Contact: Camilo Contreras, [email protected] [email protected]; [email protected]
OPRA – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Power generation using Turbines typically 1 inspection Turbine has Sale; rental; 28 turbines in Auxiliary power radial gas turbines scaled to 1 – 10 MW per year and DNV - API 616 build-own- offshore and for black start Gas volume requirement of overhaul at type approval operate (BOO); onshore oil and 332 Mcfd /MW and a LHV 42,500 hours for offshore build-own- gas fields in range 5-120 MJ/kg applications operate-transfer Russia, North Sea (BOOT) and Brazil Gas inlet pressure > 145 psi Turbines are scalable, modular and Handles variable gas containerized - 20 ft. Virtually zero 20-ft container Over 1 million composition and low heating configuration lube oil footprint operating hours values consumption using associated Pre-processing of gas not Cost USD900-1000/kW gas required (H2S limit ≤4% vol) Multi-fueling by rapid switching
Page 22 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Turboden – Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group Turboden, part of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries group since 2013, is involved in the development and production of ORC turbogenerators, which harness heat to generate electric and thermal energy, and provide energy efficiency solutions for the oil & gas sector by recovering heat from exhaust gases. Founded in 1980 as spin-off of Politecnico of Milan, Turboden has installed more than 330 plants worldwide accounting for 8 million operating hours and 11,000 GWh of global electrical production.
Contact: Francesca Ettorre, [email protected] Marco Baresi, [email protected]
Turboden – Additional Practical size & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Power generation ORC unit sizes of 200 Cooling water 1 standard The ORC unit Sale, Lease A commercial ORC system uses a thermal kW to 20 MW required in case maintenance of can be (through plant (1.8 MW) is boiler fed by flare gas to of CHP mode a week/year containerized partnership with operating on flare vaporize an organic fluid and no in containers MHI) gas in Osa-Perm, used to generate electricity overhaul or shelters Russia since in a Rankine cycle suitable for January 2015 Gas volume requirement 1.5 offshore – 20 MMcf/day (respectively service 1 – 20 MW ORC unit) Gas inlet minimum pressure Turbines are scalable, > 1.5 psi modular and Handles variable gas fuel containerized. The footprint composition and flow Truck mounted up to will depend on 300 kW the ORC unit Pre-processing of gas is not Cost USD4000- size. The expected to be required 4500/kW for 300-600 smallest is a Multi-fueling simultaneously kW; USD2800- 300 kW system by mixing flare gas with 3300/kW for 1–5 MW; which fits in a natural gas and other fuels USD1700-2200/kW for 40’ container (e.g. Diesel) >5 MW Page 23 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Unicorn Power and Green Recycling Technologies Unicorn Power Solutions Private Ltd offers facility power solutions and services, with presence across India and in the Middle East. Unicorn’s business portfolio consists of standby power solutions and facility services and comprises diesel generators, UPS Systems, specialized batteries, DC power systems, facility management and power quality & energy management solutions. Unicorn’s alliances in respective product segments enable Unicorn to offer products and solutions backed with round the clock, on-site services.
Contact: Steven Miszkowicz, [email protected]
Unicorn Power – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Power generation using gas Unit size range is 200 - Please contact Company Company Sale Well-site testing turbines 500 kW. company for indicated that indicated scheduled Company indicated electric (gas requirement 63 – additional O&M is suitability for 1Q2017. Plans for efficiency 30-35%. 296 Mscft/day) operational comparable to offshore installations at requirements a diesel several Minimum gas intake Turbines are scalable, generator. Please contact international and pressure 0.4 psi modular (up to 20 x company for domestic gas well For gas composition 500 kW) and Please contact certification sites. variation, please contact containerized (40 ft company for company. container per 500KW detailed O&M unit) Gas pre-processing not Cost USD2.5 Footprint is 40 required for H2S conc. < 200 million/MW ft container for ppm. 500 kW Multi-fueling performed simultaneously using diesel or gasoline Page 24 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Power Generation Wärtsilä 32GD and 46 GD Multifuel power plants Wärtsilä is over 180 years old and provides advanced technologies and lifecycle solutions for the marine and energy markets. The company has operations in over 200 locations in more than 70 countries around the world. Wärtsilä is listed on Nasdaq Helsinki. 32GD and 46GD multifuel power plants were developed to provide a solution suitable for demanding applications in the oil and gas industry and fluctuating fuel supply.
Contact: Chris Whitney, [email protected]
Wärtsilä – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Power generation using gas Please contact Please contact Please contact Waukesha Sale. Continuous More than 11,000 engines. company for unit size company for company for engines are support for professionals in 70 32 GD and 46 GD multifuel range additional detailed O&M suitable for improving and countries. A power plants designed to run operational offshore optimizing combined 60 GW on associated gas or crude oil. requirements operational delivered Plant output: 10 – 400 MW. Units are modular and Please contact efficiency worldwide Efficiency: 45% scalable. company for through (including all types Tolerant against fuel quality certification installation of power plants) variation. Pretreatment of gas Please contact lifecycle not anticipated. For H2S limit, company for standard available please contact company modular size Please contact Please contact Multi-fueling without company for cost company for interruption (natural gas, footprint diesel, HFO, biofuels, crude oil)
Page 25 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
4 CNG – Compressed Natural Gas
Small-scale CNG technologies used to compress (associated) gas to increase its energy density, thereby allowing economic transport of the gas to markets.
Where a pipeline may be uneconomic or not yet constructed, CNG offers a ‘virtual pipeline’ to transport gas to supply power plants and industrial and domestic gas users, or for use as a fuel for cars and (small) trucks.
A CNG system requires pre-processing of the (associated) gas to remove contaminants such as CO2 and H2S. To meet gas specification, removal of
N2 and/or higher hydrocarbons may also be required.
CNG has a lower energy density than LNG, but the lower capital cost of CNG can make it an attractive option especially for small (<~ 5 MMscf/d) gas volumes. For larger gas volumes and/or distances to market, however, the large number of trucks needed to transport the gas can make it economically and/or operationally unattractive.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Page 26
CNG GE GE’s second-generation, optimized CNG In A Box technology is a modular ‘plug and play’ system that enables the rapid establishment of CNG fueling stations to keep pace with demand. This scalable solution helps expand fueling networks by removing the financial risk that has previously limited market development, enabling more CNG station entrepreneurs to build their own stations.
Contact: Chris Maslak, [email protected] Larissa Shaaked, [email protected]
GE – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M cost transportation suitability model date conditions requirements CNG In A BoxTM Unit size ranges Power Requires Storage Not currently Sale Over 70 CNG system/custom CNG from 0.2-2.6 generation operator with requirements certified for In A Box packages MMscfd, scalable requirements reciprocating depend on offshore. systems in up to 20× for (400 kW for a equipment desired fueling operation custom CNG 400 hp CNG In experience. speed. Please contact packages A Box system) company for Suction pressures >= 30 ‘CNG In a Box’ supplied by Please Please contact more psi. system is modular company for information company. contact Feedgas must be and transportable more company for treated to remove H2S. by a single truck. information Requires O&M Pre-processing is Custom CNG dispensers to requirements dependent on gas packages may specification and can be require as many load the CNG provided by GE as four per into vehicles (if package required) Handles rapidly varying Cost is USD500k gas flows for a 400 hp CNG In a Box system
Page 27 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer
5 Mini-LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas
Small-scale LNG technologies used to liquefy (associated) gas to increase its energy density, thereby allowing economic transport of the gas to markets.
Where a pipeline may be uneconomic or not yet constructed, small-scale LNG offers a ‘virtual pipeline’ to transport gas to supply power plants, industrial and domestic gas users, and/or for use as a fuel for cars and trucks. LNG has a higher energy density than CNG, making it a more attractive option for transporting larger (>~ 5 MMscf/d) gas volumes and/or distances to market. Its higher capital cost, however, can make it economically unattractive for small gas volumes.
LNG liquefaction requires pre-processing of the (associated) gas to remove contaminants such as CO2, H2S and mercury. To meet gas specification, removal of N2 and/or higher hydrocarbons may also be required.
LNG is used in many parts of the world to supply gas (following re-gasification) to power plants and industrial/domestic gas users. It is also being increasingly used in liquid form as a fuel for large trucks.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Page 28
Mini-LNG
Calvert Energy Group/Cosmodyne
Since 2015, Calvert Energy Group has been appointed as Cosmodyne's exclusive alliance partner for market and project development for Mexico,
Africa and Middle East to develop Nitrogen & Oxygen LNG plants, Air Separation Plants, Nitrogen Gas Generators and Re-Gasification Plants. LNG plants range from 5,000 t/d to 850,000 t/d The Calvert Energy Group also offers small-scale GTL plants using OXEON technology (see separate mini-GTL summary)
Contacts: Tino Ceniti, [email protected], Tel: +32 477981063 Bryan Smith Tel +1 828 275 5090 Calvert Energy - Additional operational Offshore Technology & Operating Size range & Cost O&M Business model Regasification requirements suitability conditions
Small-scale modular LNG Model Mt/d MMscf/d Plants require water (for Can be Suitable for Sale, lease, Combustion, Ambient liquefaction plants Linex -5 8 0.4 start-up; no additional operated by offshore Build, own and operate, and Shell & tube Refrigerant options: Nitrogen Linex -25 42 2.1 water required during operators application. Build, own, operate and options for expansion, Methane, Mixed Linex -60 100 5 operation) and power with basic Footprint: transfer regasification refrigerant, Closed cycle. Linex -100 170 8.4 supply. rotating 10m x 22m Calvert Energy Group designs Capex: ~ $ 0.34mln per Linex -250 425 20.9 Linex -350 595 29.3 The necessary power equipment for 100 and manufacturers all MMScf/d capacity Options for regasification, Linex -500 850 41.9 generation units can be experience mtd plant systems in Europe. Requires supply of storage and transport supplied by Calvert Energy Financing can also be electricity and water Group with the GTL plant provided. Inlet pressure : 45 to 65.5 bar Modular and scalable. Each Calvert can provide the gas module is 12m x 18m pre-treatment equipment Experience to date Transport
Pre-treatment of the feedgas EPC cost approx. 1.2 US$ mln !6 liquefaction plants in Truck mounted ISO required to meet inlet for a 1 MMscf/d plant operation in USA, Mexico and containers for onshore specifications of: OPEX: Approx 4.5% of capex Nigeria transport; Barges for CO2<50 ppm, H2S, offshore transport with Mercaptans & Water< 500 3000 to 15,000 m3 ppm, Oxygen< 10 ppm, capacity Mercury< 10 ng/m3 Plants can handle +/- 25% variation in gas supply Storage volume ISO and prismatic containers, and barge storage
Page 29 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-LNG Chart Industries Chart is involved in the design and manufacture of cryogenic equipment used from the beginning to the end in the liquid gas supply chain. For more than 40 years Chart has worked on the development and use of LNG and supplies equipment and solutions across the complete LNG value chain – liquefaction, storage, distribution, and end-use.
Contact: George Arnett, [email protected] Paul Shields, [email protected]
Chart – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Experience Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost transportation suitability to date conditions requirements Small-scale LNG Unit sizes available: Power Chart can Systems are Company Multiple liquefaction 4.0(0.03), 8.1(0.06), requirement provide compatible with indicated plants Nitrogen expansion, 12.2(0.08), 16.2 (0.11), varies. Please training Chart designed suitability operating in closed loop. 20.3 (0.14), 36.5(0.25), contact programs to and built for offshore North Mixed refrigerant Joule 40.5(0.28), 71.4(0.50) company the storage or third- applications America and Thompson, closed loop and 142.8(1) MMCSFD operators party storage by other (MTPA) optimizing regions Gas inlet pressure range Scalable/modular footprint. is 450 - 950 psig units in any Chart can design and size/configuration All plants Maintenance Please contact Please provide gas pre- from available units require is generally company for contact processing solutions as instrument air, routine and transportation company for more required for cryogenic refrigerant mostly information liquefaction supply and associated Can handle changing gas Please contact other standard with rotating flows. Capable of company for cost equipment utilities turndown to 50% of in the plant design capacity Page 30 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-LNG
Expansion Energy Expansion Energy is a New York-based company focused on developing and licensing technologies for the energy, environmental and industrial sectors. The company’s technologies stem largely from the science of cryogenics and the disciplines of natural gas processing and industrial gas production.
Contact: Jeremy Dockter, [email protected] David Vandor, [email protected]
Expansion Energy – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M cost transportation suitability model date conditions requirements Mini-LNG liquefaction Unit sizes range from All required Company VX Cycle is Small Sell, lease or 10 VX Cycle using patented 0.35 to 42 MMCSFD power is indicated low flexible footprint license LNG plants methane expansion (2,500 – 300,000 produced on maintenance regarding allows for have been cycle: the “VXTM Cycle”. MTPA) site by the VX requirements. storage offshore built and Minimum gas inlet Scalable and modular Cycle using pressure, LNG deployment. deployed over pressure is 50 psia. for all scales, and the feedstock Please contact temperature the past Booster compressor can truck mounted for the gas company for and storage Please contact several years be added if gas pressure smallest versions. more container company for is lower Standard sizes are information configurations. more All pre-processing, such 6,000 and 100,000 information as water and CO2 GPD of production. VX Cycle removal, are included in The 100,000 GPD produces a the VX Cycle, and pre- plant requires about 9 “sub-cooled” treatment skid removes MMSCFD of feed gas LNG product, H2S which minimizes Handles rapidly varying Please contact LNG boil-off gas flows company for cost
Page 31 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-LNG Galileo Galileo’s Cryobox® has an adjustable production capacity of up to 9013 gpd (gallons per day). The high-pressure, thermodynamic cycle of the Cryobox converts natural gas to the liquid state as temperatures are reduced to less than -243°F. This multi-stage compression process includes a “boil-off” recovery system which eliminates all gas- venting usually associated with LNG storage and loading facilities. This process avoids gas waste while complying with all safety and ecologic regulations.
Contact: Gabriel Lorenzi, [email protected]
Galileo – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience Technology & operating operational O&M cost transportation suitability model to date conditions requirements Mini-LNG liquefaction. Unit size is 0.7 Power supply Provides full Please contact Technology Sale, leasing 5 years Joule Thomson plus a MMscfd, which (Galileo also training for company for is suitable for or producing closed-loop single produces 500 tpa of provides gas- customer storage offshore liquefaction LNG, with refrigerant LNG driven units technicians and applications, services equipment (propane); no boil-off when power 24x7 technical configured (customer in Argentina, Gas inlet pressure range Scalable & modular - supply is not support as a provides the USA, Cryobarge. gas Australia, 101 – 159 psi. Each unit fits in the available) and and land, and Treatment system size of a 40 feet sea compressed air Preventive Please contact (ZPTS) can be provided container, which maintenance company for Please Galileo Colombia to clean non-desirable facilitates its delivery routine is transportation contact operates and company for charges a components such as N2, on a single trailer recommended more fixed fee per H2O, mercaptans, each 2,000 mercury etc., and operating information MMbtu liquefied) reducing the CO2 to the hours required <50 ppm Can adapt to changing Liquefaction plant gas composition by (including treatment) modifying treatment FOB cost USD5 MM system Page 32 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-LNG GE From design to engineering and manufacturing, GE offers skid-mounted small- scale solutions to provide a cleaner, abundant fuel source. Available with four distinct refrigeration cycles, the plant’s design and equipment selection can be customized to meet your production requirements. GE’s fully-modular design applies standardized components and a simplified, proprietary plant control system to reduce plant commissioning time, maintenance needs and installation costs, while enhancing plant operability and efficiency. Designed for a variety of remote power, utility, and transportation applications, this fully integrated, plug- and-play natural gas liquefaction plant can produce between 25k and 1,200k gallons of LNG per day.
Contact: Chris Maslak, [email protected] Larissa Shaaked, [email protected] GE – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M cost transportation suitability model date conditions requirements Mini-LNG liquefaction. Unit sizes range Power Please Company Footprint is Sale, lease Two Nitrogen expansion, from 0.25 - generation contact indicated dependent on applications methane open loop, 1.2MM GPD requirements company for additional volume of using stranded pre-cooled mixed supplied by O&M requirement of flaring but can or associated refrigerant (MR and company requirements logistics of be modularized gas supply – single-cycle MR moving gas to suitable for ~10 years of final offshore. experience in GE also provides pre- Transportable and destination and remote areas treatment to handle off- capable to be storage. Please contact specification gas truck mounted company for Pre-processing of gas Please contact more can be outsourced company for information depending on more application information Solutions are available Please contact to handle fluctuation in company for cost gas supply
Page 33 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL Linde Cryostar - StarLiteLNGTM Cryostar is an engineering and manufacturing company created in 1966. It is headquartered in France with offices world-wide. Cryostar and Linde merged in 2006. Based on its experience with the boil-off gas re-liquefaction system onboard LNG carriers, Cryostar offers a range of small-scale LNG or LBG plants for on-shore natural gas or biogas liquefaction application.
Contact: [email protected]
Linde Cryostar – Additional Size range & Storage/ Offshore Business Experience Technology & operational O&M cost transportation suitability model to date operating conditions requirements Mini-LNG Typical unit sizes are 28, Power (1.5-6 Preventative Please contact Yes – the Sale Technology is Closed cycle, nitrogen 50, 88, 125, 200 tpd of MW maintenance company for design is used used on- expansion technology. LNG depending on is 2 days per storage and on methane board Gas is liquefied by a unit). year and 14 transportation tankers to re- tankers to re- nitrogen refrigeration days every details liquefy the liquefy the cycle driven by a Requires 35,000 boil-off gas boil-off gas combination of instrument air, hours. (18 tankers compressors and cryogenic since 2007) expander quality High level of Minimum gas inlet Modular in skids for easy nitrogen and automation pressure is 73 psi installation on site. 5 water. provided for Pretreatment required standard sizes to cover a start/stop/ Compliant with CO2 content <= range from 20 to 200 tpd, operation with PED 50ppm, H2O content< scalable by adding units in and 97/23/ EC EN, 1ppm and H2S<=4ppm parallel turndown to BS, NFPA Handles gas flow rate Please contact company be used by ASME, AS1200 variation with for cost non-expert API, IEC, ANSI operation possible personnel ASTM NEC, from 25% to 100% NEMA ATEX, IECEx.
Page 34 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL
Beerenstank
The Beerensgroup offers LNG iso-containers, each holding 800 MMbtu of gas, that can be used for both storage and transport.
Contact: Andrei Belyi, [email protected] Tel: +37 251 935937 www.beerensgas.com; www.beerenstank.com Beerenstank -- Additional Offshore Business Experience to Technology & Operating Size range & Cost operational O&M suitability model date conditions requirements LNG transport and storage 800 MMbtu iso- None None Suitable for use Sale. Iso-containers in containers. Each offshore Lease may be use in UK, Belgium, container is 40 ft long possible China depending on location and Modular and scalable counterpart. Beerensgas co-operates Storage and transport with a number of mini-LNG use the same Iso- liquefaction technology containers. Each providers including Chart container holds about and Galileo, and with Liqal 800 MMbtu at 8 bar for LNG fueling stations for up to 120 days with no boil off
Page 35 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL 6 Mini-GTL – Gas to Liquids
Technologies to convert (associated) gas into synthetic crude or other liquid hydrocarbons, e.g. gasoline, diesel, naphtha, methanol.
Advances in GTL technologies have recently enabled small-scale GTL, and even micro-scale GTL, to be operationally and potentially economically feasible.
The final GTL product may be syncrude, which can be injected into an oil pipeline, thereby avoiding the need to transport another product to market, or higher-value fuels or chemical feedstocks such as gasoline, diesel, naphtha, methanol or di-methyl ether (DME).
Conversion of (associated) gas to a liquid significantly increases the gas’ value and its ease of transport, but the conversion process is relatively complex and expensive compared to other direct gas utilization options such as CNG or mini-LNG.
Many of the conversion technologies used require no pre-processing of the gas other than to remove contaminants.
Each summary includes basic information on performance, technical requirements to implement and operate the equipment, the technology developer’s business model, and existing applications currently in operation.
Page 36 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL
Calvert Energy Group/OXEON
The Calvert Energy Group offers modular GTL (Flare & Stranded Gas to Diesel plants ranging in size from 0.2
MMscf/d to 100 MMscf/d. The OEXON technology used is exclusively licensed to Calvert Energy Group by
OXEON. The Calvert Energy Group also offers small-scale LNG plants using Cosmodyne liquefaction technology (see seperate mini-LNG summary)
Contacts: Commercial: Tino Ceniti, [email protected], Tel: +32 477981063 Technical: Patrick Costa, [email protected], Tel +32 477532325 Additional Calvert Energy - Offshore Size range & Cost operational O&M Business model Experience to date Technology & Operating conditions suitability requirements Mini-GTL producing synthetic diesel 0.2 MMscf/d (20 b/d) 100 m3/d water Catalyst (Chevron Suitable for Sale, A syngas plant is in using associated gas, landfill gas, to 100 MMscf/d required for start- Fiber) replacement offshore Build, own and operation in coalbed methane, refinery flare gas (10,000 b/d) using 1 up; no additional every 40 months. application operate with gas Argentina (500 b/d) MMscf/d modules. water required Plants are designed purchase, since mid-2016, and Technology is scalable. during operation. for remote a complete GTL With higher gas operation; it is Calvert Energy plant is in operation volumes additional GTL Clean water is a recommended Group designs and in N. Dakota (USA) modules are added and byproduct however to have manufacturers all (25 b/d) since end- interconnected. one dedicated systems in 2017. Modular and scalable. Plants require operator on site. Europe. Each module is 3m x power supply: 1 Three additional 3m x 6m high, weight MW per 150 b/d of Financing of plants are under 22 tons product. plants can also be contract for 2018 in Inlet pressure : 2 to 30 bar Product yield: 100 bbl The necessary provided. Iraq, Zimbabwe and diesel, I bbl wax, 2 bbl power generation Nigeria clean water per MMscf units can be feedgas supplied by Calvert Plasma reformer converts feedgas to EPC cost approx. 45 Energy Group with syngas. Can handle unprocessed US$ mln for a the GTL plant associated gas including gas 10MMscf/d plant containing H2S, N2, CO2. OPEX: ~1.2% of Capex Plants handle 50% turn-down in gas per year Calvert can provide supply within 2 minutes H2S and CO2 removal
Page 37 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL CompactGTL
CompactGTL’s modular unit offers a small-scale gas-to-liquid (GTL) solution for small- and medium-sized oil field assets where no viable gas monetization option exists so that the associated gas is either flared or reinjected. CompactGTL’s modular small- scale GTL solution can become a project enabler, allowing the oil company to proceed with development and unlock oil field value.
Contact: Alina Ussenko, [email protected]
Technology & CompactGTL – Additional Experience to operating Size range & operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model date conditions cost requirements Mini-GTL via a Unit sizes available Plant can be Company provides Company indicated Sale First patented two- from 1,500 to 15,000 designed on a operator training suitability for commercial- stage Fischer- barrels of synthetic completely stand- offshore scale plant in Tropsch that crude per day; alone basis applications Kazakhstan in provides 3 – 5 required gas supply progress; years lifetime 15 – 150 MMscf/d commercial for the catalyst demonstration Requires gas Modular and plant fully pre-treatment containerized within funded by Product: a 40 feet container Please contact Petrobras - over Synthetic crude, company for 3 years of Please contact which can be certification and operation; pilot company for cost upgraded to footprint plant in the U.K – diesel and over 8 years of naphtha streams testing using 3rd-party upgrading technologies Page 38 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL GasTechno Energy & Fuels (GEF) Gas Technologies LLC manufactures, installs and operates modular gas-to-liquids plants that utilize the patented GasTechno® single-step GTL conversion process. GasTechno® Mini-GTL® plants convert associated flare gas and stranded natural gas into high-value fuels and chemicals including methanol, ethanol and gasoline/diesel oxygenated fuel blends while serving to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The unit capital cost of the plants is approximately 70% lower than traditional methanol production facilities and they require relatively limited operation & maintenance costs.
Contact: Walter Breidenstein, [email protected] Evan Visser, [email protected]
Technology & GasTechno – Additional Experience to Operating Size range & operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model date conditions cost requirements Direct partial Unit sizes available: Power and oxygen Requirements for Company indicated Design, build and In November oxidation of 300 to 10,000 Mscfd; are the only inputs preventive and suitability for operate plants, 2016 the first natural gas to the potential exists other than the gas corrective offshore purchasing the commercial- produce to scale up to 30,000 supply. maintenance applications based feedstock gas from GasTechno® methanol, Mscfd teams depend on upon a DNV GL Pre- the field operator Mini-GTL® plant ethanol and plant scale Feed Study in 2015 was successfully Modular and Power can be formaldehyde commissioned containerized. 300 generated on-site on a natural gas Mscfd plant installed from off-spec gas or One-step Small-scale plants Process evaluated Other project field in Michigan, in a 40’ ISO container conversion. No purge gas from the are designed to be by DNV as structures including USA catalyst, no Cost for 300 Mscfd is GTL process. operated remotely technically viable for joint ventures with syngas. Add-on USD1,300/tpy and may not offshore installation. producers/operators capacity, while at technologies can Oxygen generated require full time as well as tolling 5,000 Mscfd the cost be used to on-site for scales presence of Process has agreements with produce DME, is USD450/tpy operators compact footprint – producers/offtakers exceeding 1,000 gasoline, etc. capacity 40 foot ISO may be possible Mscfd of natural gas container for 300 Mscfd
Page 39 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL Greyrock Greyrock Energy was founded in 2006 as Pacific Renewable Fuels by Robert Schuetle and Dr. Dennis Schuetzle. The company is headquartered in M50 Sacramento, California, with offices and a demonstration plant in Toledo, Ohio. Its sole focus is small-scale GTL Fischer-Tropsch plants for Distributed Fuel Production®, and it has a commercial offer of both a fully integrated 2000 bpd plant consuming about 20 MMscfd and smaller “MicroGTL” plants.
Contact: Robert Schuetzle; [email protected]
Technology & Greyrock – Additional Experience to operating Size range & operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model date conditions cost requirements Gas-to-liquid Uses a modular, Power would be Typical O&M that Company indicated Successfully (GTL) integrated required for would be that smaller unit can demonstrated conversion. architecture with an operations. associated with oil be suitable for the technology Proprietary adaptive control and gas equipment offshore at the 30 bpd catalyst that system to deliver Power generation is such as pumps, applications. level in a plant in directly converts robust performance an optional package compressors, etc. Toledo, Ohio in syngas into fuels, (Greyrock systems Please contact 2011-2014. eliminating the have excess steam Please contact company for more 3rd GTL-FT that can generate company for more information reaction step. enough power to information It’s a “Direct To run the system and Diesel™” GTL in some cases Cost ranges from technology. export power) USD65,000/bbl to USD100,000/bbl
Page 40 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL Metgas Processing Technologies S.p.A METGAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES S.p.A., a subsidiary of MAIRE TECNIMONT GROUP, in June 2016 became one of the major shareholders in Siluria Technologies. Siluria has developed industrial technologies for the production of chemicals and fuels starting from gas. The technologies are based on proprietary Oxidative Coupling of Methane ("OCM") process. The OCM technology is based on Siluria’s catalyst platform. METGAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES and Siluria have combined their respective technologies and expertise to commercialize the GAS TO PROPYLENE Technology to convert gas directly into one of the most important base chemical products, Propylene.
Contact: Valerio Coppini; [email protected]
Metgas – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & Operating operational O&M Business model Cost suitability date conditions requirements Small-scale GTL Plant sizes from 8 For a stand-alone Opex ~ 220 Currently Provision of: A 1 ton/d converting associated gas MMscf/d to > 150 plant, some of the USD/t of under - License demonstration to propylene MMscf/d feed- gas is used to propylene for a evaluation - Basic engineering plant has been Propylene shipment can generate the stand-alone package operating in La be by road, tanks, rail utilities required. plant. This - Training Porte, Texas, tanks or ship without These are: Includes - Detail design since 2015 refrigeration ▪ Cooling water utilities, typical Engineering Process can accept lean to For 15 MMscf/d plant ▪ Instrument air operation and review very rich associated gas. the footprint is ▪ Nitrogen maintenance - Commissioning Contaminants in the gas between 5 and 7 ▪ Plant air costs, and and performance can be tolerated acres ▪ Electricity catalyst tests assistance ~10% of the product mass EPC cost for a stand- ▪ Steam replacement - Proprietary is in the form of C4/C5+ alone (i.e. self- These must (lifetime 2 yrs). equipment. which can be transported sufficient) plant is otherwise be Excludes by road/rail tanks estimated to about supplied by a 3rd purchase of Tecnimont, sister USD200-250 mln for party feed-gas company of Plant turndown is 70- 80 kt/year of METGAS, could 110%. Process can polymer-grade provide EPC-LSTK operate outside this propylene, services for project range, but product yield depending on the implementation and product selectivity location of the plant would suffer Page 41 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL Primus Green Energy Primus Green Energy is based in Hillsborough, New Jersey, USA. The company is backed by Kenon Holdings, a NYSE-listed company with offices in the United Kingdom and Singapore that operates dynamic, primarily growth-oriented, businesses. Sam Golan is the CEO of Primus Green Energy and Dr. George Boyajian is the Chief Commercial Officer. Primus Green Energy™ has developed Gas-to-Liquids technology that produces high-value liquids such as gasoline, diluent and methanol directly from natural gas or other carbon-rich feed gas.
Contact: George Boyajian, [email protected] Desirae Haluk, [email protected] Technology & Primus – Additional operating Size range & operational O&M Offshore suitability Business model Experience to date conditions cost requirements Gas-to-liquid Unit sizes available: Cooling water, STG+™ plants have Company indicated Sales, licensing, Primus has (GTL) 5MMscfd feed gas = process water, minimal labor suitability for tolling announced two 160 technology 500bbd gasoline or electricity, standard requirements. offshore MTD methanol Proprietary 160MTd methanol. utilities applications due to projects in North STG+™ process is 20MMscf/d feed gas Requires a single STG+™ systems’ America slated to a single-loop = 2000bbd gasoline operator during flexible layout come online in 2018 process that or 640MT/d normal plant options and small (West Virginia, converts natural methanol operation, and shut footprint. Alberta). gas feedstock down for directly into maintenance is In October 2013, it gasoline or only 10 days per commissioned a 7 methanol year bpd (100,000 gallons Product: STG+™ Systems are per year) methanol and modular and scalable demonstration gasoline gasoline plant using Can handle pipeline gas variable gas Cost USD~50 MM for volume and a 5MMscf/d plant. composition; up Does not include the to 10 ppm H2S cost of outside battery unit
Page 42 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer Mini-GTL Velocys
Velocys is a smaller-scale GTL company that provides a bridge connecting stranded and low-value feedstocks, such as associated gas and landfill gas, with markets for premium products, such as renewable diesel, jet fuel and waxes. The company was formed in 2001, a spin-out of Battelle, an independent science and technology organization. In 2008, it merged with Oxford Catalysts, a product of the University of Oxford. Velocys aims to deliver economically compelling conversion solutions. It is traded on the London Stock Exchange, with offices in Houston, Texas; Columbus, Ohio; and Oxford, UK.
Contact: Philipp Stratmann, [email protected] Neville Hargreaves, [email protected]
Velocys – Additional Size range & Offshore Experience to Technology & operating operational O&M Business model cost suitability date conditions requirements Small-scale single-stage Plant sizes available 1,400 Power and Opex ~ 25-35 Currently License or sale First product Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and 5,000 bpd (about 14 water supply, USD/bbl for a under of FT reactors produced at converting associated gas and 50 MMscfd of gas) using wastewater stand-alone evaluatio and FT catalyst. commercial to diesel, jet fuel and reactor sizes of 175 and 700 treatment. plant in the US Building reference plant: naphtha. Combines bpd Additional Gulf Coast. integrated ENVIA Energy’s micro channels reactors requirements, Includes solutions in its Oklahoma City and super-active site dependent utilities, typical focus markets GTL plant. 26,000 catalysts to provide high operation and with strategic hours of testing at conversions to desired maintenance partners demonstration products costs, and including scale including Conversion rate FT island is modularized, catalyst technical one test at efficiency > 91% scalable and containerized replacement. solution, route Petrobras’ facility. EPC cost for a 5,000 bpd unit Excludes to financing, 1.3 million hours around USD500 mln, purchase of engineering, testing of catalyst depending on the location feed-gas feedstock and in laboratory of the plant. Smaller plants off-taker have higher CAPEX per barrel
Page 43 Costs are indicative only; FOB in country of origin unless indicated otherwise See World Bank and GGFR Disclaimer