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Yearbook of Slovakia's Foreign Policy 2019

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Yearbook of Slovakia's Foreign Policy 2019 YEARBOOK OF SLOVAKIA’S FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH CENTER OF THE FOREIGN POLICY 2019 OF SLOVAKIA’S YEARBOOK 2019 SLOVAK FOREIGN POLICY ASSOCIATION STAROMESTSKÁ 6/D, 811 03 BRATISLAVA SLOVAK REPUBLIC RESEARCH CENTER WWW.SFPA.SK OF THE SLOVAK FOREIGN POLICY ASSOCIATION ISBN 978-80-89356-90-4 SFPASlovak Foreign Policy Association SLOVAK FOREIGN POLICY ASSOCIATION Slovak Foreign Policy Association (SFPA), founded in August 1993, is an independent, non-partisan and non-profit organization whose activities are devoted to active contribution to the integration of the Slovak Republic to the community of democratic states and their political and security structures. Through its programs of meetings, seminars, workshops and publications, the SFPA spreads objective information about international relations from primary sources. The SFPA is an association of citizens independent of Government of the Slovak Republic and has BRATISLAVA 2020 no links to any political party or movement. Membership in the SFPA is open to everybody who is convinced of the importance of a debate on foreign policy and © RESEARCH CENTER OF THE international relations issues. SLOVAK FOREIGN POLICY ASSOCIATION © AUTHORS RESEARCH CENTER OF THE SLOVAK FOREIGN POLICY ASSOCIATION Research Center of the Slovak Foreign Policy Association (RC SFPA) was estab- lished by the transformation of the Slovak Institute for International Studies, a former allowance-receiving organization of the MFA SR, as a non-profit organization pro- viding generally beneficial services in the field of international relations and foreign EDITOR policy of the Slovak Republic. In accordance with its status, the RC SFPA provides: PETER BREZÁNI independent expert analyses on crucial issues of international relations and foreign policy of the Slovak Republic; EDITORIAL BOARD publishes periodical and non-periodical expert publications serving to increase VLADIMÍR BILČÍK, PETER BREZÁNI, JURAJ BUZALKA, ALEXANDER DULEBA, awareness in the field of international relations and foreign policy of the Slovak JURAJ MARUŠIAK, TOMÁŠ STRÁŽAY, JÁN ŠOTH Republic and as a source of qualified information for both, the expert and general public; organizes expert events and participates in international scientific cooperation THE YEARBOOK IS PUBLISHED WITH THE in the field of international relations and security; contributes to the fostering of the expert discourse on international relations KIND SUPPORT OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN and foreign policy of the Slovak Republic; AND EUROPEAN AFFAIRS OF THE SLOVAK creates a favorable environment for the growth of the new generation of the REPUBLIC Slovak experts in the field of international relations; and stimulates the interest of wider Slovak public in the global events as well as a deeper understanding of the significance of foreign policy and its link to the THE OPINIONS, FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS OR RECOMMENDATIONS domestic policy. EXPRESSED HEREIN ARE THOSE OF AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE PUBLISHER ISBN 978-80-89356-90-4 www.sfpa.sk YEARBOOK OF SLOVAKIA’S FOREIGN POLICY 2019 RESEARCH CENTER OF THE SLOVAK FOREIGN POLICY ASSOCIATION BRATISLAVA 2020 © RESEARCH CENTER OF THE SLOVAK FOREIGN POLICY ASSOCIATION RESEARCH CENTER OF THE SLOVAK FOREIGN POLICY ASSOCIATION STAROMESTSKÁ 6/D 811 03 BRATISLAVA SLOVAK REPUBLIC EDITOR PETER BREZÁNI EDITORIAL BOARD VLADIMÍR BILČÍK, PETER BREZÁNI, JURAJ BUZALKA, ALEXANDER DULEBA, JURAJ MARUŠIAK, TOMÁŠ STRÁŽAY, JÁN ŠOTH REVIEWERS PETER BREZÁNI, ALEXANDER DULEBA, ZUZANA GABRIŽOVÁ, ZSOLT GÁL, MATÚŠ KORBA, TOMÁŠ STRÁŽAY PROOFREADING CATRIONA MENZIES 208 PAGES, FIRST EDITION PRINTEDBY DEVÍN PRINTING HOUSE THE YEARBOOK IS PUBLISHED WITH THE KIND SUPPORT OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AND EUROPEAN AFFAIRS OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC THE OPINIONS, FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS OR RECOMMENDATIONS EXPRESSED HEREIN ARE THOSE OF AUTHORS ANDDO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE PUBLISHER ISBN 978-80-89356-90-4 3 Table of ConTenTs Miroslav Lajčák Slovakia in 2019 – a predictable and reliable partner ................................................... 5 I. The Slovak Republic in the international environment Juraj Hajko European year in Slovak foreign policy: many issues, even more questions ............ 13 Martin Vlachynský 2019: Draghi’s farewell ........................................................................................................ 25 Veronika Oravcová Beyond energy security? Slovakia ten years after the gas crisis .................................. 35 Dušan Fischer Slovak security and defense policy in 2019 .................................................................... 47 Samuel Goda OSCE Chairmanship 2019 .................................................................................................. 61 II. Priorities of Slovakia’s foreign policy Tomáš Strážay Visegrad menu in a Slovak restaurant .............................................................................. 73 Alexander Duleba Slovakia’s Eastern Policy in 2019: the ruling coalition in cacophony ........................ 81 Július Lőrincz Western Balkans – from depression to hope .................................................................. 95 Matej Šimalčík Slovak relations with East Asia: A lost decade? .............................................................. 1 0 9 4 III. Slovakia’s foreign policy tools Daniel Kaba Slovak development cooperation in 2019 ....................................................................... 1 2 5 IV. Annexes A chronology of important events in Slovak foreign policy in 2019 .......................... 1 4 5 Treaties, agreements, conventions published in 2019 .................................................. 15 9 Structure of the state administration authorities acting in international and European affairs in 2019 ................................................................. 1 6 5 List of the embassies in the Slovak Republic ................................................................... 17 3 List of consulates in the Slovak Republic ......................................................................... 1 8 2 List of the embassies of the Slovak Republic, permanent missions, consulates general, Slovak institutes abroad ................................................................... 1 8 6 List of consulates of the Slovak Republic headed by the honorary consuls ............. 1 9 2 Slovakia’s participation in foreign military operations and observer missions in 2019 ................................................................................................................... 200 V. Authors ............................................................................................................................ 2 0 1 5 Slovakia in 2019 – a predictable and reliable partner Miroslav lajčák Thirty years ago, when the Iron Curtain came down and the region was swept up in euphoria, the Slovaks and Czechs, along with many in the free world, expected progress would be linear and positive, bringing enduring stability and prosperity. The events of recent years have proved us wrong and 2019 was no exception in this regard. Political, economic and technological change led to tectonic shifts in foreign and security policy across the world. The global order is being transformed. We are still in the middle of this process and it is difficult to define its parameters. We cannot say with any certainty when and how it will end. We do not know what the human and material costs will ultimately be. But we know that it is happening. We know that we are in the middle of a geopolitical and geoeconomic transformation. And we all find navigating these shifts difficult. Slovak foreign policy has stood up to these challenges by engaging, by being responsible and by having a clear strategy. As a result, we have no enemies and no significant unresolved issues with any country in the world. Slovak foreign policy has remained consistent and defended its principles. In an unpredictable world, Slovakia has remained a predictable and reliable partner. Slovakia and multilateraliSm Today’s global issues can only be resolved through the joint efforts of the international community, through inclusive dialogue and multilateral cooperation. Creating new 6 Slovakia in 2019 – a predictable and reliable partner spheres of influence is not the answer. That is why Slovakia has endeavored to promote effective multilateralism through its international activities. In 2019, Slovakia chaired the OECD Ministerial Council Meeting for the first time. The chairmanship was organized amid the accelerating industrial and technological revolution and we focused on harnessing the digital transition for sustainable develop- ment, concentrating on smart solutions for a better life now and in the future, through digital transformation and innovation. In 2019, Slovakia continued to be an active member of the United Nations, lend- ing its support to this global embodiment of multilateralism. Serving a three-year term (2018–20) on the UN Human Rights Council, Slovakia took up the post of HRC Vice-President for 2020 and grasped the opportunity to pursue further our support for religious freedom and to combat racism, xenophobia and anti-Semitism, while strengthening children’s rights. But our main contribution to multilateral efforts in 2019 was made during our Chair- manship of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Our priori- ties were threefold: preventing, mediating and mitigating conflicts, providing for a safer future
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