Communion and Liberation A Movement in the Church

Communion and Liberation A Movement in the Church edited by the International Center of Communion and Liberation

© Fraternità di Comunione e Liberazione Via De Notaris, 50 - 20128

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Print date: March 2021 Table of Contents

04 22 What is Communion Christians At Work and Liberation? • Desire to Serve • In an Epochal Change • Fight Against Poverty • Ecclesial Movements • Welcoming, Recovery, Education • Life in the Movement • Economics and International • Encounter and Constructiveness Cooperation • An Ecumenism of Experience • Culture and Dialogue • The Three Dimensions of Faith • The Organization 28 The and CL 12 • Paul VI From Its Origin to Today • John Paul II • On the Train • Benedict XVI • Crisis and Creativity • Francis • Rediscovery of the Charism • Go Into the Whole World 36 Biographical Notes 18 • Servant of God Fr. Lay and Religious • Fr. Julián Carrón Associations • Fraternity of Communion 40 and Liberation Essential Bibliography • Memores Domini • Priestly Fraternity 43 of the Missionaries of Notes St. Charles Borromeo (FSCB) • Sisters of Charity of the Assumption • Monastery of Saints Peter and Paul 44 • Fraternity of St. Joseph Contact Information 1. What Is Communion and Liberation?

A great friendship, stretching all over the world and rooted in the Christian faith, that helps discover the solidity of faith and its relevance for life’s needs. and Liberation? Is Communion 1. What “D “D Change Epochal In an 1.1 it withhislife; thatis,life,its useful isthateachonecan compare only possibilityforfaith tobeseenas and Liberationisthesame: “The York, theproposalofCommunion in Taipei,orthefrenzy ofNew icy tundraofNovosibirsk,inamarket Milan, inaslumKampala,onthe life. Whetheroneisatauniversityin in confrontingconcreteproblems discover itssolidityandrelevance aspects oftheCatholicfaith,to one anothertotheelementary the Churchhasasitsaimeducating Africa. Thisgreatfriendshipwithin New Zealand,fromRussiatoSouth countries, fromtheUnitedStatesto are spreadovermorethaneighty needs: todayits100,000members horizons ofthewholeworldandits so withagrowingopennesstothe current stateofChristianity.Itdoes ceases toaskquestionsaboutthe Communion andLiberationnever Seventy yearsafteritbegan, its disarmingbeauty?” we believeinthelivingfascinationof to attractthoseweencounter,anddo the faith we have received believe inthecapacityof we Christiansstill o 1 before.” and withalightthatitdidnothave lived withadignity,gratitude, none ofusarespared,canbegintobe diffculties, itscircumstances,which between parentsandchildren every level:fromrelationships to turnourlivesupsidedownat centuries. Thiscollapsecontinues that underpinnedcommonlifefor Christianity.” to create‘Christianness,’ butnot discourse havecreated and continue philosophy, Christiantradition and women today.Christian traditionand a discoursethatwillmove menand history, ordoctrine,tradition, pointing outthat,“Itisnolonger historical ageinlucidterms, (I) the movement,Fr.LuigiGiussani relations. In1968,thefounderof poor andmigrantstointernational students, fromattitudestowardthe to thosebetweenteachersand self-evident,” the impactof“collapse and renewingitstask.Weallfeel the present,constantlyreassessing Liberation facesthechallengesin In thisspirit,Communionand (I). Brief Biography on p.36. p.36. on Biography Brief (I). ,

captured theadventofanew 2

4 3 thosecertainties 05 What Is Communion and Liberation? The current cultural landscape and who remains present in history shows us that “Christendom no through the changed lives of those longer exists”5 and that the content who follow Him.”7 of Christianity no longer serves as Witness, therefore, takes on a critical a widely shared point of reference. value for the Christian announcement This is at the heart of the pressing today: the communication and the questions that pervade the Christian sharing of a fullness of life with full world: what is the current state respect for each person’s freedom. of Christianity? How can it be “That gets Christianity across much convincing for men and women more than lots of other things, than today? And what does it mean to all these ethical arguments, because be Christians in the midst of this when you see someone like that, you “epochal change?”6 naturally want to ask, ‘Where does Fr. Giussani’s proposal centers this joy come from? Where does this around the conception of Christianity fullness of life come from?’ People as a real, historical event that is may not immediately think that the not confned to the past, but is ultimate origin of this happiness is contemporary in our lives; it continues called Christ, that it’s called today. Thanks to this and through the faith. But when a person starts to attraction of a personal and communal understand that this stupefying way experience that develops day by of living in the real world, so happy, day, Christianity is (re)discovered as so joyful, is rooted in the faith, he “the event of God who became man, starts to get interested.”8 C sometimes evendisruptive,” “an unexpected newness which is II. John Paul II described them as century, culminating in Vatican brought forthbytheSpirit.” birth he saw as a “new springtime Movements Ecclesial 1.2 own pedagogical method on a precise Christian witness which bases its membership, a faith journey and reality with predominantly lay a movement is, “a concrete ecclesial A diverseandmulti-faceted category, charism given to the person of the the Churchinmiddleof20 the time of turmoil that characterized movements that sprung up during and wide-spread lay lay Catholic wide-spread and one of the more established ommunion and Liberation is 10 9 whose

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courage” Francis called it–has taken alike the joy of being Christian.” being of joy the alike adults and people young in awakening Spirit was creating a new springtime, ‘the winter of the Church,’ the Holy time when we were hearing about of weariness in the Church, at a the grace to see how, at a moment XVI confessed, “I had the joy and need. “Watching them,” Benedict the poor, migrants and others in peace; from education to care for for modern times to promoting evangelizing and translating faith range of missionary activities: from form over the years into a diverse and ways.” and founder in specifc circumstances 12

of their members–as 11 The “evangelical 13 07 What Is Communion and Liberation? 1.3 Life in the Movement Common Fund. Monetary contributions to the movement to sustain all its activities. Each member can contribute regularly in an amount freely chosen. Its purpose is as an education to poverty and to the missionary dimension of life.

Spiritual Exercises and Assemblies. number of gestures and events According to one’s stage of life are characteristic to the path (university or high school students, A of Communion and Liberation, professionals or members of the in addition to the insistence on Fraternity) and geographical location, participating in the liturgy and the large communal gatherings take place prayer life of the Church. They are to mark the seasons of the liturgical not requirements in order to consider year, such as Lent and Advent, or oneself part of the movement, but are to discuss and to judge aspects of rather a proposal: each person may personal or community life, such as freely adhere. the various forms of assemblies (from the level of local communities to the School of Community. leaders for each continent). A time of catechesis: reading and personal meditation on a Naturally, each person or group text suggested to everyone in the may promote particular initiatives movement. This work is typically that are open to everyone, and they shared in regular meetings with a do, sometimes renewing elements group, spontaneously formed by from religious tradition and other people in the place they live, work or times creating gestures that form a study. following in time. Examples include the Way of the Cross over the Charitable Work. Brooklyn Bridge in New York (and To educate oneself to charity as many analogous processions that take the ultimate law of existence, place in dozens of cities throughout participants are invited to dedicate the U.S.) or the walking pilgrimages their free time to serve those in need from Macerata to Loreto (which now in various sectors: from assisting usually draws 90,000 participants) people with disabilities or the and from Krakow to Częstochowa (in elderly to supporting families or which thousands of students come individuals in poverty, the homeless, together each year after completing immigrants or prisoners. high school or university). T on theroad.” traveling companionofanyoneIfnd that isneverhealed,makingmethe ness Constructive- Encounter and 1.4 encounter or constructiveness. fnds himself in, can be a seed of Anyone, no matter the condition he which wefndourselves.” social and political relationships in to emergefromthecrisis ofhuman, realization of our ‘I,’ it will be diffcult is not a threat, but rather a good forthe theelementary experience that the othercomprehend that, “without recovering and poverty. These challenges help onetensions to the tragedy of inequalityfrom the drama of social and politicalquestions to the mystery of suffering,deepest issues: from its most radical life’s on touch to comes that journey a whatever level this happens, it is At life. alwayseveryone’s for contribution real a his or her vision and way of life toreciprocal offer freedom in which each shareshave been documented as true spaces knownof fgures from any provenance occasions forencounterswithwell- the contemporary world. Countless with dialogue” “cultural a in as well as ordinary dynamic of social interactionsThis happens in daily life, in the ideologically or circumstantially distant.within reach even for those who are bring the Christian experience human is that all of affrmation and An unconditional openness to others point ofarrival,butasawound us “tolivethefaithnotasa he journey proposed by CL calls 14 15 F of Experience An Ecumenism 1.5 leaders and thinkers, and by the the by and thinkers, and leaders Jewish with dialogue unceasing the by (Japan), monastery Buddhist Koya Monte of leader the Habukawa, Shodo professor and himself Giussani Fr. between friendship deep and intense the by documented been has non-believers) or agnostics as well (as religions other from fgures embraces also that experience” of “ecumenism This U.S. the in and Europe in denominations various of representatives and Kingdom United the in Anglicans to Orthodoxy of realm broad the change hearts.” that gestures human with you than different are who those embracing of capable is that witness reciprocal for space “a as dialogue of dimension this of conceives Liberation and Communion “strategy,” a by preoccupied being Without World League. Muslim the and University, Azhar Al Egypt, in Alexandrina Bibliotheca the as such institutions involve to come has that world Islamic the of representatives with exchange cultural and human a in progress Christian communities: from from communities: Christian other to belong who those with blossom relationships urther 16 09 What Is Communion and Liberation? 1.6 The Three Dimensions of Faith

1. Culture.

The encounter with Christ is only recognized as something reasonable 3. Mission. and humanly advantageous if it The concern for the intersects with life’s needs of humanity needs: “the true has no borders: cultural, Christian “The endpoints of dimension fnds Christ’s call are the expression in the extreme ends of the comparison between earth, right to the end the truth of His person 2. Charity. of the world.”19 and our life in all of its This calls us back to implications.”17 Christianity empowers mission as a change Not censoring any of the human “need to be of mentality: leaving humanity or human interested in others,” behind the idea of questions, the Christian revealing the origin of a bourgeois life, experience becomes that need: “the ultimate comfortable but arid, a curious and critical law of being and of life: to live each moment and approach ready to charity. The supreme each place constantly acknowledge the value law of our being is reaching out to others, in any experience and to share in the being with an awareness of glimpse any possibility of others, to live in serving the world and for enrichment. communion.”18 all of history. 1.7 11 The Organization What Is Communion and Liberation?

(II). More information on p.19.

elonging to Communion and keep the pastoral assignments their Liberation is very simple. “The bishops or superiors have given B desire to participate in the to them; they may only take on movement usually arises because responsibilities for the movement people fnd in another person with permission. The roles that something that interests them. This govern communities mostly coincide is the same dynamic that happened with those for the Fraternity of at the beginning of Christianity.”20 Communion and Liberation (II). Anyone can freely take part in it and At the central level, there is a freely stop. There are no formalities Presidential Council made up of to complete. Even the invitation to about thirty people from different sign up for School of Community countries who collaborate with the each year is not a condition to be President in guiding the movement. able to participate in meetings. At the local level, a group called the Each community refers to the local “Diaconia” supports the local leader Church and sees their diocesan in guiding the community. All of bishops as a point of reference. these offces are carried out without Communities spread organically, pay. The movement’s activities for the most part by city in the are completely self-fnanced places ordinary life unfolds using the Common Fund. “This is (schools, universities, workplaces, fundamental: we do not depend on neighborhoods, etc.). Most members any other resource than what the are laypeople; some are consecrated, members freely give. We are free religious or priests. The priests, from any institution and any form whether diocesan or missionaries, of fnancing.”21 2. From Its Origins to Today

In 1954, Fr. Luigi Giussani’s educational adventure began. The exciting journey has continued over a 70-year history made up of encounters, surprises, diffculties, and discoveries. 2.1 13 On the Train From Its Origins to Today

e fnd ourselves in the masses in Catholic worship, often out mid-1950s. Fr. Luigi of inertia,” and, on the other hand, W Giussani, a priest from the on “a strictly political power.”24 diocese of Milan, is on a train to the Conversing with young people, Fr. Adriatic Coast for a long vacation. He Giussani understood that, in reality, casually runs into a group of students for them “Christianity was no longer and starts talking with them. He an extraordinary adventure capable of found them “so unfamiliar with giving relish to all of life, but rather a the most elementary things” about set of behavioral norms, institutions Christianity that he was flled with and moral codes. Something “overwhelming desire to introduce respectable, yes, but not the bearer them to the things that I had met.”22 of the secret to the most authentic and That “little episode”23 was destined radical human happiness.”25 to radically change his life. As Fr. This led to an intuition: “perhaps Giussani was a promising theologian, what is needed [...] is someone who his superiors had planned a career can explain the contents of the faith to as an academic for him, starting them in a [...] reasonable way,” in the seminary of Venegono. in a way “that corresponds Instead, he obtained permission to to the original needs of their human dedicate himself completely to the nature.”26 Fr. Giussani saw the education of young people, teaching commitment to the education of in a public high school. At the young people as an urgent priority, time, appeared to be a deeply and in October 1954 he frst walked Catholic country with churches full, through the doors of Berchet High associations fourishing and the School in Milan to teach Religion. Christian Democratic Party a force His educational activities initially in national politics. In the eyes of Fr. took place in the context of Catholic Giussani, however, Christianity was Action, in that branch dedicated to already in a deep crisis. The Church, high school students called Gioventù in particular, “was clearly still a solid Studentesca or “Student Youth.” As and rooted presence, thanks to its years passed, the activities fourished past, but its import and its solidity to the point of many young people were based, more than anything looking for ways to continue the same else,” on the “participation of the journey of faith once they graduated. 2.2 and build up the life of the Church wherever they were, CL students Crisis and found themselves affrming the dignity of their experience and Creativity fghting for freedom of thought and of expression in the public square; not only for Christians but for everyone. In time, various forms of engaging hen the year 1968 hit; the emerged, animated by the conviction student revolution exploded that the Christian faith has to do T in Italy. Most of the young with every aspect of existence. Young people participating with Fr. Giussani people interested in building at a abandoned him to join the contestation. social and political level founded the But it was also the time when a fyer Popular Movement; others started entitled “Communion and Liberation” radio shows and newspapers or was circulated around several Milan sought to respond to the needs of universities. The authors were a group their classmates through Cooperativa of students who remained faithful to Universitaria Studio e Lavoro (CUSL), the experience they began with Fr. a student cooperative. Others Giussani. Recognizing how they were started a network of volunteering united to the protestors by the shared and international relief (which aspiration to “create a more human later evolved into the NGO AVSI), or humanity,” they affrmed that the started to share in the experience of freedom everyone is seeking can only welcoming children who were alone be found in communion. “Only the or at risk. Some members helped communion that God made possible contribute to a culture of dialogue, with Himself through Christ, only the creating the Meeting for Friendship communion among the people who Amongst Peoples; others nurtured recognize this can, as it expands, a Christian approach to work and create an oasis of a truer humanity.”27 business with the Companionship In the midst of the tumultuous years of Works (Compagnia delle Opere– that began in 1968, Communion and CdO). To prevent food waste and Liberation continued and renewed the redistribute excess food to the poor experience that had begun 15 years and disadvantaged families, the Banco before in a Milanese high school. Alimentare food bank was formed. The university world became the heart A season of great creativity in of the life of the movement. These social initiatives stretched from were turbulent years for young people, the end of the ’70s through the during which extremist groups made next decade, which also coincided themselves the arbiters of “political with the establishment of a close exercise” within society. Social relationship with Pope John Paul II. tensions and ideological clashes, which The movement, which at this point often resulted in violence that did not had been proven its solidity as an spare the CL community, characterized entity fully inserted in the fabric of the context in Italy and culminated in the Church, received recognition of the terrorism of the so-called “Years the Fraternity of CL by the of Lead.” In their commitment to live in 1982. 2.3 15 Rediscovery of the Charism From Its Origins to Today

(III). More information on p.19. (IV). Brief biography on p.37.

his marked the beginning of was celebrated at the Duomo in Milan the Movement’s path to full by then-Cardinal and Prefect for the T maturity. In the following years, Congregation for the Doctrine Fr. Giussani was invited to the 1987 of the faith, Joseph Ratzinger, Synod on the and made important as the Pope’s personal delegate. trips to the Holy Land and to Japan, Well before his death, Fr. Giussani where he met with the monks of indicated his successor, Fr. Julián Monte Koya, adherents to “shingon” Carrón (IV), a diocesan priest from Buddhism. In addition, several Madrid. They had met through religious communities (III) were the years of friendship between formed including the Memores Domini Communion and Liberation and the and the Fraternity of St. Charles Spanish youth movement Nueva Borromeo. In 1991, Fr. Giussani Tierra. As the president of the started to show the frst symptoms Fraternity of CL (now confrmed in of Parkinson’s Disease, an illness multiple elections) Fr. Carrón guides that would bring him increasingly the entire Movement to rediscover burdensome pain up to his death Fr. Giussani’s charism in the face and force him to gradually decrease of new social challenges, from the his travel. In 1998, he spoke at the 2008 economic crisis to the terrorist gathering of Ecclesial Movements and attacks that plagued Europe, to the New Communities with John Paul II. eruption of the Covid-19 epidemic He died in 2005 and his funeral liturgy in 2020. 2.4 Go Into the Whole World

eginning in the ’80s, CL More recently, CL communities became an increasingly have begun to grow in Anglo-Saxon B international organization. countries, mostly originating with “‘Go into the whole world’ (Mt young Italians who relocated for 28:19) is what Christ said to his work. disciples. And I repeat to you: On December 11, 1997, the English ‘Go into all the world and bring edition of Fr. Giussani’s The the truth, the beauty, and the Religious Sense was presented at peace which are found in Christ the United Nations in New York. the Redeemer.’”28 These words The event propelled the spread from John Paul II in 1984 were of Communion and Liberation’s the fnal push for the spread of publications and the spread of Communion and Liberation, which the Movement all over the United is now present in over 80 countries States. The resulting community throughout the world. gives life to experiences including Europe is home to the some of the Crossroads Cultural Center and largest communities. In Spain, the annual festival New York second by numbers only to Italy, the Encounter. community has spread throughout The presence of the Movement in the country. Members are present Latin America has a long history, in schools and universities, and beginning in Brazil in the early engaged in social and cultural ’60s at the encouragement of Fr. discourse, for example through the Giussani, and later rooted all over the annual festival Encuentro Madrid. continent, from Chile to Venezuela Just as signifcant is the community and up to Mexico. Countless that began in the ’80s in Poland, non-proft centers or schools in part through a friendship with have risen up in many countries, the movement Light and Life, and sometimes in collaboration with the solicitousness of young people other organizations, for example in CL for the social foment that Association Sem Terra founded preceded the fall of the Berlin wall. by Cleuza e Marcos Zerbini in Sao Paolo and the APAC Federation, an 17 extraordinary model for a prison without guards. Annual cultural events are organized in Mexico, Chile Overview of the countries and Brazil. where CL is present In Uganda, many members dedicate their time to serve the inhabitants of the Kampala Africa: slums through Meeting Point Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Egypt,

International, a center to support From Its Origins to Today women living with AIDS, and Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, three schools spanning elementary Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, up to professional education. South Africa, Tunisia, Uganda. Analogous initiatives in the sectors of education, assistance Americas: and healthcare exist in Burundi, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Kenya Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, (home to the largest community Ecuador, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, in Africa by the numbers) and Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Perù, Nigeria. A relationship between United States, Uruguay, Venezuela. the Movement and the Orthodox Church formed long ago, as Asia: evidenced by the growth of Azerbaijan, China, India, Indonesia, ecumenical communities in Russia Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine. It is part of a history Lebanon, Malaysia, Oman, the Philippines, of friendship that continues today, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Thailand, bringing life to centers for research Taiwan, the United Arab Emirates, and cultural dialogue, for example Vietnam. the Library of the Spirit in Moscow and Centro Russia Cristiana. These are just a few examples of Europe: a life that, from Europe, passing Albania, Austria, Belgium, Belarus, through the U.S., is now also Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, shared in communities as distant Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, as Kazakhstan, Japan, Taiwan and Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Australia. With a lively and solid Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the presence that grows organically, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Communion and Liberation has Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, “never made plans for expansion. Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, The way the Movement has ended Switzerland, the United Kingdom, up expanding is, then, not the fruit Ukraine. of a specifc initiative, but rather of the development and–I would Oceania: say–miracle of encounters and Australia, New Zealand. personal relationships,”29 primarily facilitated by opportunities to work or to study abroad. 3. Lay and Religious Associations

A number of lay and religious associations have been born out of the experience of people who, in encountering Fr. Giussani, perceived new or renewed forms of sharing the Christian vocation as laypeople, religious or priests. 3.1 3.2 19 Fraternity Memores of Communion Domini and Liberation Lay and Religious Associations

A Universal Association of the Faithful, recognized on February 11, 1982, by the then-Pontifcal Council A group of lay men and women in for the Laity. Members include CL who pursue a vocation of total laypeople, priests, religious and dedication to God while living in the consecrated men and women who world. The pillars of the life of the recognize the path of Communion Memores Domini are contemplation, and Liberation as the most ftting understood as tending toward road for them to go deeper in the the continual memory of Christ, Catholic faith and to serve the and mission, the passion to carry Church. To be admitted, each member the Christian announcement of the Fraternity is simply asked to into the lives of all men and seriously commit to participate in a women, primarily through one’s few moments of spiritual formation professional occupation. Recognized each year (spiritual exercises, by the Holy See on December 8, a retreat in Advent and one in Lent). 1988, as a Universal Private Ecclesial The Fraternity of CL is led by a Association, the Memores Domini are Central Diaconia, in cooperation with present in 35 countries. They live in a President who is elected every six community, grouped into “houses,” years in a process regulated by the practicing the evangelical counsels Association’s Statutes. of obedience, poverty and virginity. 3.3 3.4 Priestly Sisters Fraternity of the of Charity Missionaries of the of St. Charles Assumption Borromeo (FSCB)

In 1989, Cardinal Ugo Poletti A of Pontifcal recognized the Fraternity as a Society Right generated through the of Apostolic Life and, ten years later, encounter of the charism of French John Paul II elevated it to an Institute Assumptionist Fr. Stefano Pernet– of Pontifcal Right. “Fraternity” and who, in the 1800s, founded an “mission” are the guiding words of innovative initiative for working this young community: serving men families, providing concrete services and women with the availability to including care for the sick and go wherever the needs of the Church for children, giving the Church and the life of the movement require a present face in a world that no the presence of priests, carrying the longer knew her–and the charism experience of CL throughout the of Fr. Giussani. Giussani met Fr. world “through a priestly missionary Pernet’s Sisters in Milan in the ’50s energy,” as its founder Massimo and found they resonated with him. Camisasca, now Bishop of Reggio He directed many vocations to them Emilia, wrote. and accompanied and supported On February 1, 2013, the general them his whole life, especially in assembly elected Fr. Paolo Sottopietra the post-Conciliar diffculties. In as the new General. Today, 1993, the new Institute was formed, the Fraternity is present with around with Giussani as the co-founder. 140 defnitive members who work in Today, the sisters number around 18 countries around the world. 100, are present in the major Italian Inspired by the experience of cities and Madrid, and continue the the Fraternity of St. Charles, the same mission as at their origin: Missionary Sisters of St. Charles serving families in diffculty to Borromeo were recognized in 2007 “rebuild the ” within as an Association of the Faithful by the conditions of our current social Bishop Gino Reali. situation. 3.5 3.6 21 Monastery Fraternity of Saints Peter of St. Joseph and Paul Cascinazza (Buccinasco, Milano) Lay and Religious Associations Founded in 1971 through the inspiration of Bernardo Cignitti as an attempt for a renewal of Benedictine life following the indications of the . The content of his proposal had as its scope a rediscovery of the Christian event as the heart of Benedictine monastic life: the unity found in Christ within a fraternal community in which communion is lived, suffered, and made anew each day. In 1990, Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini–having received permission from the Holy See–erected it as a Priory sui iuris of diocesan right, approving its Constitutions. Along this path, the discrete and Made up of people in the Fraternity faithful friendship of Fr. Giussani of Communion and Liberation has been important from the who recognize they are called to beginning: the impact of his witness live virginity within the existing of a constantly renewed faith circumstances of their lives, prompted a deeper rediscovery of following the evangelical counsels the Benedictine charism and helped of obedience, poverty, and virginity. root the community in that charism. This dedication to Christ draws In 2020, the monastic community nourishment from remaining consists of 22 monks who work for within Fr. Giussani’s charism, and their living (agricultural activities, is sustained by the reception of the production of beer, honey and derived sacraments, a diligent personal goods). In recent years, the growth prayer life and participation in of the community has inspired plans periodic community gestures to expand the physical plant to create (meetings, retreats, spiritual more space for monks and for guests. exercises). 4. Christians At Work

Faith pervades and animates every aspect of life, putting a person’s freedom and responsibility into play. As a consequence, organizations and initiatives in every realm of social life have sprung up. 4.1 23 Desire to Serve Christians At Work

he Christian experience initiatives, but rather to educate enhances one’s desire to the personal faith of its members, T serve the world as well as a faith that pervades and animates the desire to express one’s social every aspect of life, permanently creativity. In a continuous fux setting in motion a freedom of of inventiveness, members of initiative, a care for the common Communion and Liberation engage good and a passion to share with at a personal level or as a group others. in the most varied realms of the The Fraternity promoted the creation life of the polis (from economics to of the Fondazione Sacro Cuore di charity and social responsibility, Milano (sacrocuore.org), an academic from education to culture) creating institute Fr. Giussani desired to have associations, solidarity-based as an example of a path of Christian entities, foundations, schools, education. He nominated most of cooperatives, NGOs, enterprises, the members of its administrative cultural events, communities for board. With regards to engagement welcome and recovery, centers in the public square, Communion for professional development and and Liberation is not politically places for social integration. These affliated in any way. Some members are what are later defned with of CL have undertaken political the word “works,” initiatives born careers in various parties in virtue of out of and “managed through the their personal decisions, in no way personal responsibility of the adults attributed to the movement. who started them,”30 without any Initiatives created or animated by involvement of the movement as an CL members are present in many institution. The aim of Communion countries around the world and work and Liberation is not, in fact, in wide-ranging felds. A number of to organize structures or plan examples follow. 4.2 4.3 Fight Welcoming, Against Recovery, Poverty Education

he Banco Alimentare, an Italian food bank, (bancoalimentare.it) T serves 7,500 charitable he experience of fostering organizations. Recovery of excess and adopting children is food, education on giving and T one of the most demanding distribution to those in need are forms of love, as testifed by the the pillars of its activities in service Families for Hospitality network to the common good. Analogously, (famiglieperaccoglienza.it), which Fondazione Banco Farmaceutico, the spans various countries. “Pharmaceutical Bank Foundation” Meeting Point International (bancofarmaceutico.org) connects non- (meetingpoint-int.org) is committed profts, pharmacists, pharmaceutical to caring for and accompanying and logistics companies, volunteers women affected by HIV in the slums and citizens to recover and to provide of Kampala in Uganda. In Ukraine, medicines free of charge to those Emmaus (emmaus.com.ua) supports living in poverty. Each year, these young people with disabilities, two entities organize one-day special orphans and displaced children, collections that involve thousands of along with their families. FDP - volunteers at a national level. They Protagonists in Education (fdpsr.ro) are, respectively, the Giornata della works in Romania, with a particular Colletta Alimentare and the Giornata focus on children at risk of poverty della Raccolta del Farmaco. The related or social exclusion in Romania, Federation of Solidarity Banks is made some of whom were granted an up of associations directly engaged audience with in in distributing food to families and January 2018. In Lithuania, Sotas individuals facing serious fnancial (sotas.org) organizes social inclusion diffculties. In the United States, activities and social-educational One City Mission (onecitymission.nyc) initiatives to help children, teens assists the homeless living in and families in need or at risk. In Manhattan; and Casa San Antonio Paraguay, Casa Virgen de Caacupè in Madrid (casadesanantonio.es) is a home for young people distributes food to families in need, destined for alternatives to juvenile offers job placement support and detention centers. In the United shelter for the homeless. States, Los Angeles Habilitation In Cameroon, the Edimar Association House (lahabilitationhouse.org) (edimar.skyrock.com) welcomes street offers professional formation and children and adolescents. rehabilitation for veterans and 25 Christians At Work

those with disabilities. Trabajo started in Milan and, over time, y Persona (trabajoypersona.org) is became the model for myriad active in Venezuela with projects to analogous initiatives throughout promote a healthy work culture and Italy; now points of reference to professional development courses prevent school drop-out, as well as for young people and women in places of friendship between Italian disadvantaged neighborhoods. and foreign-born students, thereby In Kazakhstan, the Alfa & Omega creating paths for authentic social center allowed for the creation of and cultural integration. two associations: a local NGO, MASP Imprevisto (imprevisto.net) works that develops projects starting from in the feld of recovery for drug the social needs it encounters and addicts. Cilla (cilla.it) organizes the “Di Più” center dedicated to hospitality for the sick and their promoting the Italian language and families. other cultural initiatives. In Brazil, Numerous experiences to support Escola Agricola Rainha Dos Apostolos or assist prisoners exist, for (escolaagricolamanaus.org.br) example the Cooperativa Giotto teaches sustainable agriculture in Padua (coopgiotto.org) an initiative to the children of small farmers that uses work inside the prison as or producers in the Amazon region. an opportunity for rehabilitation.

The Italian association Cometa Engagement in the feld of education (puntocometa.org) is made up of is at a massive scale, as Fr. Giussani a group of families dedicated to always reserved a special place welcoming, educating and forming for education, leaving a mark on children and adolescents and many members of Communion supporting their loved ones. and Liberation. This can be seen in In Turin and Catania, Piazza dei countless initiatives, from leading and Mestieri (piazzadeimestieri.it) promoting professional associations works in the feld of rehabilitation for educators to the creation of and for troubled youth and job management of schools scattered all preparedness. Portofranco over Italy and abroad, from Spain to (portofranco.org) is a center for free the Netherlands, from Colombia to tutoring and after school programs Chile, and from Uganda to Kenya and for middle school students which Nigeria. 4.4 4.5 Economics Culture and and Dialogue International Cooperation

n the broad landscape of non- passion to go deeper into the governmental organizations, problems and issues facing I dozens of projects all over the A today’s world animates a world are managed by entities such as number of events and cultural centers. AVSI – the Association of Volunteers The most celebrated is the Meeting for International Service (avsi.org) for Friendship Amongst Peoples and CESAL (cesal.org). (meetingrimini.org) attended by To promote a way of doing business hundreds of thousands of guests guided by Catholic social doctrine each year and featuring exhibits, and the principles of subsidiarity and theatrical and musical performances, solidarity, the Compagnia delle Opere witnesses and panel discussions “Companionship of Works” - CdO with prominent fgures from the (cdo.org) organizes events and initiatives political, economic, scientifc and for reciprocal exchange at various levels. religious realms. Following the Business owners, non-proft same model are: Encuentro Madrid organizations, managers and (encuentromadrid.com), New York professionals accompany one other Encounter (newyorkencounter.org), in confronting the complexities Rhein Meeting (rhein-meeting.org), of the economic context. With an Meeting Lisboa (meetinglisboa.org), analogous scope, CdO Opere educative Rio Encontros (rioencontros.org.br), “Educational Initiatives” (foe.it) Encuentro Santiago in Chile, directs its activities toward schools Encuentro Coatza in Mexico. In Italy, and academic institutions, and CdO the Association of Cultural Centers Opere sociali “Social Initiatives” (centriculturali.org) is a network (cdooperesociali.org) offers a platform for of around 200 local organizations organizations providing social services. committed to enriching and promoting The Foundation for Subsidiarity culture. In Moscow, the Library of (sussidiarieta.net) conducts research, the Spirit (pokrovka27.com), the fruit offers professional development, of collaboration between Catholics and oversees publications, seminars and Orthodox, is certainly a hub of and conventions on topics such intellectual life in the Russian capital. as education and human capital, In the United States, the Crossroads subsidiarity and the state, cooperation network (crossroadsculturalcenter.org), and poverty, welfare and employment, which spans several cities, enlivens enterprise and innovation. American public discourse.

5. The Popes and CL

From Paul VI to Francis: a brief anthology of excerpts taken from speeches and messages directed to the movement over the years. 5.1 29 Paul VI Address to Florentine University Students

of Communion and The Popes and CL Liberation, December 28, 1977

Be glad! Our best wishes go out to you! We are very attentive to the affirmations of your program that you are spreading about, of your way of life, of the youthful and new, renewed, and renewing adherence to the Christian and social ideals the Catholic environment of Italy gives you. We bless you and in doing so we bless and salute your founder, Fr. Giussani. We thank you for the courageous, strong, and loyal statements that you are making in this particularly agitated moment, disturbed by certain torments and misunderstandings that surround you. Be happy, be faithful, be strong, and be glad to carry with you the testimony that the Christian faith is strong, is happy, is beautiful, and can truly transform, in love and with love, the society in which it fnds itself. Many, many good wishes and blessings! 5.2 the world, by transfiguring them. Your presence, ever more numerous John Paul II and significant in the life of the Church in Italy and in various To the Movement nations in which your experience is “Communion and beginning to spread, is due to this Liberation” on the certainty which you must deepen and communicate, because it is this 30th anniversary of its certainty that moves mankind. It founding, September 29, is significant in this regard, and it 1984 should be noted, how the Spirit, in order to continue with the man of today that dialogue begun by God in Christ and continued in the course of all Christian history, has raised up many ecclesial movements in […] To work so that the content of the contemporary Church. They are the faith becomes understanding a sign of the freedom of forms in and pedagogy of life is the daily which the one Church is expressed, task of the believer, which must and they represent a secure be carried out in every situation newness, which still awaits being and environment in which they adequately understood in all its are called to live. And the richness positive efficacy for the Kingdom of of your participation in ecclesial God at work in the present moment life lies in this: a method of of history. […] “Go out into the education in the faith so that it whole world (Mt 28:19) may influence the life of man and is what Christ said to his disciples. history; in the sacraments, so that And I repeat to you: “Go into all they bring about an encounter the world and bring the truth, the with the Lord, and in Him with the beauty, and the peace which are brethren; in prayer, so that it be found in Christ the Redeemer”. an invocation and praise of God in This invitation that Christ made authority, so that it be a guard and to all his followers and which Peter guarantor of the authenticity of has the duty ceaselessly to renew, the ecclesial path. is already interwoven with your The Christian experience so history. In these thirty years you understood and lived generates a have been open to the most varied presence which places the Church situations, casting the seed of the in every human situation as the presence of your movement. I know place where the event of Christ, that you have put down roots in ‘a stumbling-block to the Jews... eighteen nations in the world: in foolishness for the pagans’ (1 Cor Europe, in Africa, in America, and l:23-24), lives as a horizon full I know also the insistency with of truth for man. We believe in which your presence is sought in Christ, dead and risen, in Christ other countries. Take on the burden present here and now, who alone of this ecclesial need: this is the can change and changes man and charge I leave with you today. 5.3 31 Benedict XVI Address to participants in the pilgrimage

organized by the The Popes and CL Fraternity of Communion and Liberation, March 24, 2007

[…] My frst thought goes to your On an anniversary dear to you, the Founder, Mons. Luigi Giussani, to Pope still wants yet again to repeat whom many memories bind me and that the original pedagogical intuition who became a true friend of mine. […] of Communion and Liberation lies Through him, the Holy Spirit raised in in reproposing the Christian event the Church a movement, yours, that within contemporary culture in a would witness to the beauty of being fascinating and harmonious way, Christian in an age when the opinion perceived as a font of new values and was spreading that Christianity is a able to orient one’s entire existence. diffcult and oppressive way to live. Fr The event that changed the life of Giussani then committed himself to the Founder has also “wounded” awaken in youth the love for Christ, a great many of his spiritual sons “Way, Truth and Life”, repeating and daughters, and has given way that only he is the way towards the to multiple religious and ecclesial fulflment of the deepest desires of experiences which form the history the human heart, and that Christ of your vast and well-organized does not save us regardless of our spiritual Family. Communion and humanity, but through it. Liberation is a community experience As I was able to recall in his funeral of faith, born in the Church not by homily, this courageous priest, who the will of an organized hierarchy but grew up in a home poor in bread but originating from a renewed encounter rich in music, as he himself liked to with Christ and thus, we can say, say, from the beginning was touched, by an impulse derived ultimately or rather wounded, by the desire from the Holy Spirit. Still today, it for beauty, though not any sort of offers a profound way of life and it beauty. He sought Beauty itself, the actualizes the Christian faith, both in infnite Beauty which is found in a total fdelity and communion with Christ. In addition, how can I fail the Successor of Peter and with the to recall the many encounters and Pastors who assure the governing of contacts of Fr. Giussani with my the Church and through spontaneity Venerable Predecessor John Paul II? and freedom that permit new and prophetic, apostolic and missionary institutions are also charismatic and achievements. indeed the charisms must, in one way Dear Friends, your movement is thus or another, be institutionalized to inserted into that vast fowering of have coherency and continuity. associations, movements and new Hence, both dimensions originate ecclesial realities providentially from the same Holy Spirit for the raised up by the Holy Spirit in the same Body of Christ, and together Church after the Second Vatican they concur to make present the Council. Every gift of the Spirit is mystery and the salvifc work of found originally and necessarily at Christ in the world. the service of the edifcation of the This explains the attention with Body of Christ, offering a witness of which the Pope and the Pastors look the immense charity of God for the upon the richness of the charismatic life of each person. The reality of gifts in the contemporary age. ecclesial movements, therefore, is In regard to this, during a recent a sign of the fecundity of the Lord’s meeting with the clergy and the Spirit, because it manifests in the priests of Rome, recalling the world the victory of the Risen Christ invitation that St Paul addressed in and it accomplishes the missionary the First Letter to the Thessalonians mandate entrusted to the whole not to extinguish the charisms, I said Church. In the Message to the World that if the Lord gives us new gifts, we Congress of Ecclesial Movements, 27 must be grateful, even if sometimes May 1998, the Servant of God John they may be uncomfortable. At the Paul II had this to say: that there same time, since the Church is one, if is no confict or opposition in the the Movements are really gifts of the Church between the institutional and Holy Spirit, they must, naturally, be the charismatic dimensions, of which inserted into the Ecclesial Community the Movements are a signifcant and serve it so that, in patient expression. Both are co-essential to dialogue with the Pastors, they can be the divine constitution of the People elements in the construction of the of God. In the Church the essential Church of today and tomorrow. […] 5.4 33 Francis Address to the Movement Communion and

Liberation, March 7, 2015 The Popes and CL

[…] I am grateful to Don Giussani for Everything in our life, today as different reasons. The frst and more in the time of Jesus, begins with personal is the good that this man an encounter. An encounter with did for me and for my priestly life, this Man, the carpenter from through the reading of his books Nazareth, a man like all men and and articles. The other reason is that at the same time different. Let us his thoughts are deeply human and consider the Gospel of John, there reach the most intimate yearning of where it tells of the disciples’ frst mankind. You know how important encounter with Jesus (cf. 1:35-42). the experience of encounter was to Andrew, John, Simon: they feel Don Giussani: the encounter not themselves being looked at to their with an idea, but with a Person, with very core, intimately known, and Jesus Christ. Thus he educated in this generates surprise in them, an freedom, leading to the encounter astonishment which immediately with Christ, because Christ gives makes them feel bonded to Him.... us true freedom. Speaking about Or when, after the Resurrection, the encounter brings to mind Jesus asks Peter: “Do you love me?” “The calling of St Matthew”, the (Jn 21:15), and Peter responds: Caravaggio in the Church of St Louis “Yes”; this yes was not the result of the French, which I used to spend of a power of will, it did not come much time in front of every time I only by decision of the man Simon: came to Rome. None of them who it came even before from Grace, were there, including Matthew, it was that “primarear”, that greedy for money, could believe the preceding of Grace. This was the message in that fnger pointing at decisive discovery for St Paul, for him, the message in those eyes that St Augustine, and so many other looked at him with mercy and chose saints: Jesus Christ is always frst, him for the sequela. He felt this He primareas us, awaits us, Jesus astonishment of the encounter. The Christ always precedes us; and encounter with Christ who comes when we arrive, He has already and invites us is like this. been waiting. He is like the almond blossom: the one that blooms Faithfulness to the charism does frst, and announces the arrival not mean to write it on a parchment of spring. […] After 60 years, the and frame it. The reference to the original charism has not lost its legacy that Don Giussani left you youthfulness and vitality. However, cannot be reduced to a museum remember that the center is not the of records, of decisions taken, of charism, the center is one alone, it the rules of conduct. It certainly is Jesus, Jesus Christ! When I place entails faithfulness to tradition, but at the center my spiritual method, faithfulness to tradition, Mahler my spiritual journey, my way of said, “is not to worship the ashes fulflling it, I go off the itinerary. but to pass on the fame”. Don All spirituality, all charisms in the Giussani would never forgive you if Church must be “decentralized”: you lost the liberty and transformed at the center there is only the Lord! yourselves into museum guides or For this reason, in the First Letter to worshippers of ashes. Pass on the the Corinthians, when Paul speaks fame of the memory of that frst of charisms, of this most beautiful encounter and be free! reality of the Church, of the Mystical Like this, centered in Christ and in Body, he ends by speaking of love, of the Gospel, you can be the arms, that which comes from God, which hands, feet, mind and heart of a is truly God’s, and which allows Church “which goes forth”. The way us to imitate Him. Never forget of the Church is to leave her walls this, to be decentralized! Thus the behind and go in search of those who charism is not preserved in a bottle are distant, on the peripheries, to of distilled water! Faithfulness to serve Jesus in every person who is the charism does not mean “to marginalized, abandoned, without petrify it” — the devil is the one faith, disappointed by the Church, a who “petrifes”, do not forget! prisoner of one’s own selfshness. […]

Biographical Notes Servant of God Fr. Luigi Giussani (1922-2005)

Born in Desio (Milan) on October 15, 1922. He attended the seminary of Milan and completed his studies in the Theological Faculty of Venegono. He was ordained a priest in 1945. He left a teaching position in the seminary and taught for twelve years (1954-1966) at the classical high school “Liceo Berchet.” From 1965 to 1990, he taught Introduction to Theology at Sacro Cuore Catholic University of Milan. John Paul II named him a Monsignor with the title of Honorary Prelate of His Holiness (1983), and appointed him as a Consultant to the Pontifcal Council for the Laity (1987) and to the Congregation for the Clergy (1994). In 1995, he was awarded the International Prize. He died on February 22, 2005. On February 22, 2012, the request to open the cause for his beatifcation and canonization was announced. Then of Milan, Cardinal , accepted the case. 37 Fr. Julián Carrón Biographical Notes

Born on February 25, 1950 in Navoconcejo (Spain). He attended the Conciliar Seminary of Madrid and was ordained a priest in 1975. He has been a lecturer at Complutense University of Madrid and Élève Titulaire at the École Biblique et Archéologique Française in Jerusalem. Since 2004, he has taught Introduction to Theology at Sacro Cuore Catholic University of Milan. He is the author of various publications translated into numerous languages, and participates in conferences and discussions around the world. He has been the leader of the movement since 2005 and is President of the Fraternity of CL. © Fraternity of CL/Matteo Reni/iconphotos 39 Essential Bibliography Books by Fr. Luigi Giussani

L. GIUSSANI, Il senso religioso. Volume primo del PerCorso, Rizzoli, Milan 2010. L. GIUSSANI, The Religious Sense, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal 1997. Translated in Albanian, Arabic, Bulgarian, Catalan, Czech, Chinese, Croatian, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Japanese, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, “Brazilian Portuguese,” Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish.

L. GIUSSANI, All’origine della pretesa cristiana. Volume secondo del PerCorso, Rizzoli, Milan 2011. L. GIUSSANI, At the Origin of the Christian Claim, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal 1998. Translated in Albanian, Arabic, Czech, Chinese, Croatian, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Japanese, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, “Brazilian Portuguese,” Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish.

L. GIUSSANI, Perché la Chiesa. Volume terzo del PerCorso, Rizzoli, Milan 2014. L. GIUSSANI, Why the Church?, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal 2001. Translated in Czech, Croatian, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, “Brazilian Portuguese,” Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish.

L. GIUSSANI, Il rischio educativo, Rizzoli, Milan 2005. L. GIUSSANI, The Risk of Education, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal 2019. Translated in Albanian, Arabic, Cambodian, Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Polish, Portuguese, “Brazilian Portuguese,” Romanian, Russian, Spanish.

L. GIUSSANI–S. ALBERTO–J. PRADES, Generare tracce nella storia del mondo, BUR, Milan 2012. L. GIUSSANI–S. ALBERTO–J. PRADES, Generating Traces in the History of the World, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal 2010. Translated in Croatian, Dutch, English, French, German, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, “Brazilian Portuguese,” Romanian, Russian, Spanish.

A full bibliography is available at english.clonline.org and can be viewed using the site scritti.luigigiussani.org, with a catalogue of around 1230 bibliographical entries for publications in the Italian language, and around 2930 entries for foreign publications. Fr. Giussani’s writings have been translated into 22 languages. 41 Books by Fr. Julián Carrón

J. CARRÓN, La bellezza disarmata, Rizzoli, Milan 2015.

J. CARRÓN, Disarming Beauty, Notre Dame Press, South Bend 2017. Essential Bibliography Translated in Arabic, English, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, “Brazilian Portuguese,” Spanish.

J. CARRÓN, Dov’è Dio? La fede cristiana al tempo della grande incertezza, Edizioni PIEMME, Milan 2017. J. CARRÓN, Where Is God? Christian Faith in the Time of Great Uncertainty, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal 2020. Translated in English, Portuguese, “Brazilian Portuguese,” Spanish.

J. CARRÓN, La voce unica dell’ideale. In dialogo con i giovani [The One Voice of the Ideal. A Dialogue with Young People], Edizioni San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo (MI) 2018. Translated in Polish, Portuguese, Spanish.

J. CARRÓN, Il risveglio dell’umano, BUR, Milan 2020. J. CARRÓN, Reawakening Our Humanity, Fraternity of Communion and Liberation, Milan 2020. Translated in Albanian, Catalan, Czech, Croatian, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish.

J. CARRÓN, Il brillìo degli occhi. Che cosa ci strappa dal nulla?, Editrice Nuovo Mondo, Milan 2020. J. CARRÓN, The Radiance in Your Eyes. What Saves Us From Nothingness? Fraternity of Communion and Liberation, Milan 2020. Translated in Arabic, Bulgarian, Czech, Croatian, Dutch, English, French, German, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, “Brazilian Portuguese,” Romanian, Russian, Spanish.

J. CARRÓN, Educazione. Comunicazione di sé, Edizioni San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo (MI) 2020. J. CARRÓN, Education. Communicating One’s Self. Human Adventure Books, 2020. Translated in English, Dutch, Portuguese, “Brazilian Portuguese,” Polish, Spanish. Books on Fr. Luigi Giussani and Communion and Liberation

M. CAMISASCA, Comunione e Liberazione. Le origini [Communion and Liberation. The Origins], (1954-1968) San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo (MI) 2001; Comunione e Liberazione. La ripresa [Communion and Liberation. Renewal] (1969-1976), San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo (MI) 2003; Comunione e Liberazione. Il riconoscimento [Communion and Liberation. Recognition] (1976- 1984), San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo (MI) 2006.

A. SAVORANA, Vita di don Giussani, BUR, Milan 2014. A. SAVORANA, The Life of Luigi Giussani, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal 2018. Available in English, Portuguese, Spanish.

A. SAVORANA (editor), Un’attrattiva che muove [An Attraction That Moves You], Rizzoli, Milan 2015.

M. BUSANI, Gioventù studentesca. Storia di un Movimento cattolico dalla ricostruzione alla contestazione [Student Youth. History of a Catholic Movement from Rebuilding Up to Contestation] Edizioni Studium, Rome 2016.

G. PAXIMADI–E. PRATO–R. ROUX–A. TOMBOLINI (editor), Luigi Giussani: Il percorso teologico e l’apertura ecumenica [Theological Itinerary and Ecumenical Openness], Eupress FTL-Edizioni Cantagalli, Lugano-Siena 2018.

DVDs

Comunione e Liberazione. Viaggio ai confni del mondo. [Communion and Liberation–Journey to the Edge of the World] Fraternity of Communion and Liberation, 2004.

La strada bella. [The Beautiful Road] Tracce, 2014.

Don Luigi Giussani. Il pensiero, i discorsi, la fede. [Fr. Luigi Giussani–His Thought, Speeches, Faith] Corriere della Sera, 2015. Notes

1 J. Carrón, Disarming Beauty, Notre Dame Press, 17 L. Giussani, The Journey to Truth Is an Experience, South Bend 2017, p.50. MQUP, Montreal 2006, p. 21.

2 J. Carrón, Others do not create problems for us; Others 18 L. Giussani, Realtà e giovinezza. La sfda [Reality and make us aware of the problems we have, interview by Youth. The Challenge], Rizzoli, Milan 2018, p. 244; À. L. Fernández Recuero, Jot Down Magazine. Editorial available in English in The Meaning of Charitable Work, insert for Traces magazine, n. 2, February 2017. online at english.clonline.org.

3 J. Carrón, Disarming Beauty, op. cit., p. 21. 19 L. Giussani, The Journey to Truth Is an Experience, op. cit., p. 23. 4 L. Giussani, Introduction to the Spiritual Exercises at the C. Péguy Cultural Center, November 1, 1968, 20 J. Carrón, Where Is God?, op. cit., p. 92. in Alive Means Present, supplement to Traces 21 Ibid., p. 94. magazine, October 2018. 22 L. Giussani, L’avvenimento cristiano: Uomo Chiesa 5 Francis, Address to the Ofering Mondo [The Christian Event: Man Church World], BUR, His Christmas Greetings, December 21, 2019. Milan 2003, p. 35. 6 Francis, Meeting with the Participants in the Fifth 23 L. Giussani, Il Movimento di Comunione e Liberazione Convention of the Italian Church, November 10, 2015. (1954-1968). Conversazioni con Robi Ronza [The Movement

7 J. Carrón, Others do not create problems for us; of Communion and Liberation. Conversations with Robi Others make us aware of the problems we have, op. cit. Ronza], BUR, Milan 2014, p. 11.

8 J. Carrón, If you don’t think Francis is the cure, you don’t 24 Ibid., p. 12. grasp the disease, interview by John L. Allen and Ines 25 L. Giussani, Una storia, una tensione cristiana, una San Martin, Crux, June 21, 2017. scelta tra due antropologie [A history, a Christian tension, 9 John Paul II, Speech to Ecclesial Movements and New a choice between two anthropologies], in L’Osservatore Communities, May 30, 1998. Romano, September 29, 1984, p. 1.

10 John Paul II, Homily for the Eucharistic Celebration 26 L. Giussani, Interview by Chiara Beria of Argentine, of Pentecost, May 31, 1998. broadcast on Chanel 5 during the program CL, l’avanguardia del Papa [CL, The Pope’s avant-garde], 11 John Paul II, Message for the World Congress of October 31, 1987. In Luigi Giussani: il pensiero, i discorsi, Ecclesial Movements and New Communities, May 27, la fede [His Thought, Speeches, Faith], DVD RCS-Corriere 1998. della Sera, Milan 2015.

12 Francis, Address to Participants in the Third World 27 Ibid. Congress of Ecclesial Movements and New Communities, November 22, 2014. 28 John Paul II, Address to “Communion and Liberation” on the 30th Anniversary of Its Founding, September 29, 13 Benedict XVI, Meeting with the Bishops of Portugal, 1984. May 13, 2010. 29 L. Giussani, Il Movimento di Comunione e Liberazione 14 J. Carrón, Where Is God? Christian Faith in the Time [The Movement Communion and Liberation] (1954-1968), of Great Uncertainty, McGill-Queen’s University Press op. cit., p. 178. (MQUP), Montreal 2020, p. 113-114. 30 L. Giussani, L’io, il potere e le opere. Contributi da 15 J. Carrón, Disarming Beauty, op. cit., p. 16. un’esperienza [The I, Power and Works. Contributions from

16 J. Carrón, The Pope’s visit to Egypt built bridges and an Experience], Marietti, Genova-Milan 2000, p. 190. tore down walls, interview by S. Mahmoud, Al Ahram, November 29, 2017. Contact Information

Headquarters Via Giuseppe De Notaris, 50 - 20128 Milan Tel. +39 02.6659.5088 [email protected] Communion and Liberation International Center Via Marcello Malpighi 2 - 00161 Rome Tel. +39.06.44252752 Fax +39.06.44252544 [email protected] Traces - Litterae Communionis The international magazine of Communion and Liberation published in print or digital editions in Italian, English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Topics covered range from the Church to the political situation, from social problems to art and culture, from stories of the lives of CL communities to issues of international concern.

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