245 OCYPODE CERATOPHTHALMA.

NOTE XXXVIII.

Carcinological Studies in the

Leyden Museum

BY

Dr. J.G. de Man

N°. 3.

Ocypode ceratophthalma, Pallas.

Ocypode ceratophthalma, Milne Edwards, Annal. Scienc.

141. Baron der Dec- Nat. 1852, p. Hilgendorf, in: von ken’s Reisen in 82. Ost-Afrika, p.

The Leyden collection contains: 1°. eleven specimens,

collected on the shores of Nossy-Paly near Madagascar,

2°. three from the island of Xulla-Bessy (Moluccas), 3°.

3 one from. Amboina, 4°. eight (5 ￿, ￿) from Amoy (China), G. presented by Mr. Schlegel, 5°. one from the Philippi-

collected Semper and nes, by presented by the Göttingen under the of Museum name Ocyp. longecornuta Dana. — All

these specimens, though positively belonging to the same

species, present however some remarkable varieties.

The terminal of the spines eyes are very long and strong

in the adult smaller in males, becoming gradually younger specimens (Ocyp. urvillei Guérin) and being only tubercu-

liform even in the adult females; their relative thickness

however presents individual varieties, these spines being

slender and in the and Amboina tapering Nossy-Paly spe-

cimens, but thicker in the Amoy individuals, and in the

adult of the large ma\e specimen Philippines they are a

little shorter but rather thicker than in the Amoy forms,

Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. 111. 246 OCYPODE CERATOI'IITHALMA.

the * crabs agreeing for the rest wholly with one another.

There are patches of thick hair on the under surface of

the penultimate joints of the second and third legs and the

musical ridge on the inner surface of the larger hand of

transverse the male consists of numerous small secondary

crowded the under half of the ridges, that are more on

intervals the half ridge hut separated by larger on upper

into small tubercles the and change even gradually at upper end.

This however most remarkable species presents many

varieties the (perhaps local) as regards general physiogno-

of surface of the caused dif- my the upper carapace, by a

of the lateral of varieties that ferent course margin it, seem

to have heen regarded by Milne Edwards and others as

different species. In all specimens however the external orbital directed angles, transversely outward, do not pro- ject beyond the bottom (»f'ond" Milne Edw.) of the exter- nal of the portion very oblique supraorbital margin and

situated much behind the bottom of its are very internal portion. But the epibranchial angle, that lies there where

the lateral margin is crossed by the oblique granular line on the lateral surfaces of the cephalothorax, projects more

than external in or less outward the orbital angle. So the

and in Nossy-Faly also the Xulla-Bessy specimens the ex- ternal orbital angle projects more outward than the epi- branchial the lateral therefore , margin being nearly straight and directed obliquely backwards, but in the adult Amoy specimens and in that of the Philippines the epibranchial angle projects more than the external orbital, the lateral

more the whole margin being consequently arcuated, upper surface of the to be broader than that carapace appearing of the Nossy-Faly specimens. To this variety with relati-

broader the vely carapace perhaps belong Ocyp. platytarsis

Lam. and Ocyp. brevicornis M. Edw. But the specimen of

Amboina and from even a young Amoy present a remar- kable transition, the external orbital and the epibranchial angles equally projecting outward.

Notes from the Leyden Museum, "Vol. 111. OCYPODE AEGYPTIACA. 247

the of the For the rest, as regards shape hands, of the musical ridge, of the abdomen, of the legs, these varieties

another. wholly resemble one

Ocypode aegyptiaca Gerst.

Ocypode aegyptiaca, Gerstaecker, Arcliiv. f. Naturg. XXII,

134. pag. The Museum contains nine fine specimens collected at

Djeddah by Mr. Kruyt (8 cf, 1 9) aQ d two others also from

the Red Mr. Kossmaun under the Sea, presented by uaine

of the preceding species. These two species are however

quite different ones. Ocyp. aegyptiaca constantly and really

from the 1° other differs ceratophthalma Pallas, by a quite

shape of the cephalothorax, 2". by the patch of thick hair

occurring only on the penultimate joints of the second legs,

3°. by the long musical ridge of the male, the transverse

lines and much crowded secondary being equally very over

and delicate. the whole length very

The terminal of the slender and ta- spines eyes are very

pering, and long both in the adult male and adult female,

and becoming tuberculiform even quite disappearing in the

The surface of the is young. upper carapace very convex

in a longitudinal sense, everywhere granulated, more coar-

lateral the front sely on the regions, being large, trunca-

ted and granulated, the supra-orbital margin minutely den-

ticulate. — The external orbital angle is rather obtuse,

the that part of lateral margin which lies between the ex-

ternal orbital and epibranchial angles being convex, pro-

outward called and mi- jecting more than the first angle,

nutely denticulate; the posterior part of the margin, like

lateral the the ridge that occurs on the surface of carapace

is little are granular. The large hand a higher than in

the preceding species, the under margin being more con-

the vex and coarsely denticulate, upper margin more acute

than in ceratophthalma. The dactylopodites are rather broa-

der than in the' preceding species.

Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. HI 248 OCYPODE COKDIMANA.

external In young specimens the orbital angle is a right

and one, the musical ridge is quite developped.

Ocypode cursor Belon.

Ocypode cursor Belon, Milne Edwards, Annal. Scienc.

Nat. 142. 1852, p.

In this two adult male species, and several young spe-

cimens of which from the Congo coast were presented by

Mr. P. Kamerman, Officer of the Dutch commercial com-

the pany on the Congo coast, musical ridge, tapering at

both its consists of transverse delicate ends, many lines,

in that crowded like Ocyp. aegyptiaca, are equally over its

whole length. We received also a fine male from Acra

d'Elmina.

Ocypode arenaria Catesby.

Confer: S. I. Smith, Crustacea on the Coast of new Eng-

land in: Transactions Connecticut Academy, Vol. IV, July

254. 1880, p.

We male of received a fine specimen from the shores the

island of Curasao. The musical ridge consists of a series of very small round tubercles ; the external orbital angle

projects even beyond the rounded prominence on the su-

praorbital margin. This species may be distinguished at

first sight by the long hairs, with which the ambulatory legs are clothed.

Ocypode cordimana Latr.

Ocypode cordimana Latreille, Milne Edwards, Alpli. Milne

du Edwards, Nouv. Arch, Musee, T. IX, pag. 271, Hil-

82. Nec cordimana de gendorf, 1. c pag. Ocyp. Haan,

Tab. 4. Fauna Jap. Crust, p. 57, XV, fig.

The Museum contains 33 specimens, collected at Amoy

Notes from the Leycleii Museum, Vol. 111. OCYTODE COItLUMANA. 249

from by Mr. G. Sclilegel'), one adult female specimen the island of Xulla-Bessy, four specimens (2 cf, 2 9) from the shores of Shanghir and one fine male individual, collected at Bezoeki (Java) by Mr. Semmelink, All these specimens

with another. wholly agree one

This Indian common species may be distinguished from all other of 1°. the devoid species Ocypode , by eyes being of in the terminal spines even adult, 2°. by the inner sur- face of the larger hand having no trace of a musical ridge both in the male and in the female and 3°. by the shape

the of the cephalothorax and of legs. The description of this long known form being still ever insufficient, it will be allowed to give another one.

The is and its cephalothorax very high thick; upper sur- face convex extremely longitudinally, everywhere granu- the somewhat lated, granules being coarser on the lateral

and the front. Front portions on with a minute triangular

median incision on its anterior margin. Supraorbital mar- gin transverse with a rounded prominence on each side of

the front, with the acute external orbital angles directed

forward, projecting beyond the described prominence and

the base of the front. The beyond epibranchial angle pro-

the external orbital and that of the jects beyond part gra- nulated lateral margin, that lies between these two angles,

is behind the the lateral convex; epibranchial angle mar-

gin is rather a little concave and does not proceed till the

of the but at posterior margin carapace ceases some dis-

tance from it. The minutely denticulated suborbital mar-

gin is separated by a deep incision from the external or- bital angle, and the internal suborbital tooth is acute and and granulated. Pterygostomian regions convex gra-

of nulated. Internal inferior margin the arms provided

denticulated crest. The with a sternum is less granular

than that of Ocyp. ceratophthalma and the various joints of

Tlicse labelled Mr. TIcrklots 1) Amoy specimens were by as Ocypode gros-

simana llerklots; hanpily, as far as I am aware, this name never has been

published, for they belong all to the common Ocyp. cordimana Latr.

Notes irom the Leydcn Museum, "Vol. lU.

Lβ 250 OCYPODE KUHLII.

the male abdomen are comparatively broader, less elongate

than in that species. The external shape of the hands

with that of the hands of very much agrees Ocyp. cera-

but the tubercles the tophthalma Pallas, on upper margin of the hand and the of the mobile larger 011 upper margin

finger are less spiniform, more depressed. The penultimate

joints of the second and third ambulatory legs are provi-

ded with a patch of hairs on the under surface and the

dactylopodites are rather broad and clothed with hairs 011

the margins.

As the of it regards geographical range our species, oc-

curs positively on the shores of Zanzibar, Java, Xulla-

Bessy, Sanghir, New-Caledonia and Amoy, so that it is

found in the whole Indian Ocean and Malayan Archi-

pelago. —

The cordimana of de Haan founded Ocyp. was upon a

of voung specimen Ocyp. ceratophthalma Pallas, as I can affirm: positively young specimens of the latter species,

collected at the Amoy, having carapace 19 millim. broad,

not with the only wholly agree description and the figu- res of de Haan's cordimana but even with the , typical spe- cimens of the author of the Fauna Japonica, found back by me in tbe Leyden Museum.

convexa Philad. Ocyp. Stimpson (Proc. 1858, p. 100) from to not Japan, will be allied our species, when iden- tical, for its insufficient description is nearly wholly appli- cable to the Ocyp. cordimana Latr.

The description of Ocyp. cordimana Latr. in Milne Ed-

Hist. Nat. des Crustac. 45 without doubt wards, pag. any is and it will be difficult to this wrong, explain fault;

Alph. Milne Edwards however has rectified the description of this species, when describing his specimens from New

Caledonia.

Ocypode kuhlii de Haan.

kuhlii de Fauna 58. Ocypode Haan, Japonica, Crustacea, p.

Notes from the Leyclen Museum, "Vol. 111. OCYPODK KUHLII. 251

I only found two specimens of this beautiful, apparently rare species, a nearly adult male, collected by Kuhl and van Hasselt on the shores of the island of Java, and another fine adult male, also from the Indian Archipelago, the foaiier specimen being the type of de Haan's short description.

outward the In its appearance, cephalothorax very well resembles that of Ocyp. arenaria Catesby from the West-

Indies broader than long, the breadth of the , being upper

in to surface being proportion the length as 4:3. Like in Ocyp. arenaria Catesby and in Ocyp. cordimana Latr.,

external orbital the acute angles project beyond the roun- ded prominence of the supraorbital margin, but are direc-

takes in the ted and not inward as two outward place quo- ted species. The epibranchial angle projects more outward than the orbital angle and the granulated lateral margins are therefore convexly arcuated, though being rather con- cave immediately behind the triangular external orbital angles. The front is much deflexed and arcuated anteri-

with minute median incision at its orly, a triangular an-

the is much terior margin. The upper surface of carapace

and the convex longitudinally granulated, more coarsely on lateral portions than in the middle. Suborbital margin mi- nutely denticulated, internal suborbital tooth denticulate.

Convex pterygostomian regions coarsely granulated. Exter- nal surface of the external maxillipedes a little granulated.

Peduncles of the without eyes any trace of terminal prolon- gation. External surface of the sternum and of the male abdo-

sternum men minutely granulated, the first segment of the

(between the anterior legs) armed with two granulated rid-

on each side. Anterior in size; arms ges legs very unequal as in Ocyp. cordimana Latr., upper margin rounded and

internal and external of the transversely rugose, margins smooth under surface armed with dentiform tubercules.

External rounded margin of the carpopodite granular, in- ternal denticulate. Hands much and angle compressed more

iif cordimana the elongate than Ocyp. Latr., upper margin

from the Museum Notes Leyden , Vol. 111. 252 OCYPODE KUIILII.

of* the palm of the large hand being rather longer than

the of the rather little external height convex surface; up-

of the rounded and per margin palm coarsely granulated,

of the mobile like also the upper margin compressed finger,

immobile finger much compressed, a little longer than the

under that into upper, with concave margin passes the

somewhat convex denticulate under margin of the palm. In-

ternal surface granular inferiorly and provided with a musical ridge, composed out of some few (8 or 10) small ovoid tuber-

cles arranged longitudinally. Smaller hand much compressed and elongate, external surface granular, under margin denti- culate. Upper margins of the meropodites of the ambulatory

under the follo- legs transversely rugose, margins granulated;

wing joints with two granular ridges on the external sur-

the outer face, penultimate joints transversely rugose on and inner surfaces, without patches of hairs on those of

and third the second legs (as are found in Ocyp. cordimana

rather Latr.); dactylopodites broad, more enlarged than those of Ocyp. cordimana Latr., with the external surface

and pubescent having both margins provided with some hairs near the base.

Measurings of the adult specimen:

Distance between the external orbital angles 38 mm.

Distance between the epibranchial angles 43 mm.

of the 33 Length carapace mm.

of the of the of the Length upper margin palm larger

hand 22 mm.

whole Length of the larger hand 45 nun.

Heigth of the larger hand near the articulation of the

mobile finger 21 mm.

be from This species may distinguished Ocyp. cordimana

Latr., (both having the eyes without terminal prolonga-

tion) the different of the carapace, the elon- , by shape

structure gate chelipedes, the existence and the of the mu-

sical ridge, the under surface of the penultimate joints of

the second and third legs being devoid of hairs, etc.

The quoted insufficient and ambiguous description of

Notes irom the Leyclen Museum, "Vol 111. OCYPODE AFIIICANA. 253

Ocyp. convexa Stimpson, is also somewhat applicable to

and Dana this species, perhaps also Ocyp. laevis may he allied to our form, (the description of the latter is not in

in all the of my hands) or even identical, hut cases name kuhlii must have the priority.

Ocypode africana n. sp.

A single fine male specimen of this inhabitant of the

West-Africa shores of tropical from Liberia to the Congo Mr. P. was presented by Kamerman, who made already

several collections for Museum. very interesting our This

known to Mr. species was already Hilgendorf (1. c. pag. 81),

did whose specimen was from Liberia, but he not de-

scribe it; our individual was found on the shores of the

Congo coast.

Tn its outward this appearance species extremely resem- bles the Indian Ocyp. cordimana Latr., from which it is

however first the of at sight distinguished by occurrence a

the of the musical ridge 011 inner surface larger hand, and

be the of our species must regarded as representative that

in of Indian species the seas West-Africa.

surface of the Upper cephalothorax very convex longi- everywhere covered with minute tudinally , depressed gra- much nulations; front very deflexed, granular; external or-

far the bital angles extending as as rounded prominence

of the supraorbital margin, directed inward, though not

so much as in Ocyp. cordimana, at least in the specimen

before that of the lateral me; part minutely granulated

margin, that lies between the epibranchial and orbital angles

little the a convex, posterior part directed obliquely after-

little wards; epibranchial angle projecting a more outward

and situated than the orbital angle, more forward than in

Ocyp. cordimana, that portion of the lateral margin which

and lies between the epibranchial orbital angles being re-

latively shorter in proportion to the whole lateral margin

tliau in the Indian representative of our species. Eyepeduncles

Notes from the Leytlen Museum, Vol. HI, 254 OCYPODE APRICANA.

without terminal Lateral surfaces of the any prolongation. and cephalothorax smooth, pterygostomian regions convex

coarsely granulated; suborbital margin granulated, with a

small incision near the middle, covered with some hairs

with the external or- and making a nearly straight angle

bital angle. External surface of the outer foot-jaws a little

granulated and hairy. Sternum punctate, first segment

(between the chelipedesj a little granular. Male abdomen

much narrower than that of Ocyp. cordimana, terminal

segment triangular as long as broad, second segment rather

somewhat longer than broad at the base, with the lateral

margins much arcuated outward, and therefore having a

characteristic both very shape, segments minutely punctate;

third segment quadrangular, punctate, rather longer than

broad, with the lateral margins nearly straight; fourth

than segment quadrangular, more twice as broad as long,

little a granular, like also the three remaining basal seg-

that have the ments, nearly same shape as in Ocyp. cor-

dimana.

in almost Glielipedes very unequal size, wholly agreeing

as regards their shape and structure with those of Ocyp.

cordimana Latr. Musical ridge extending from near the

of granulated inferior margin till near the upper angle

the articulation of the mobile finger, composed out of de-

licate transverse lines that become gradually narrower to-

wards the of the but do not into upper part ridge, change

tubercules. Internal surface of the large hand granulated;

under surface of the trochanters of both chelipedes armed

tubercle that with a linear striated longitudinally, serves as

that tro- a fiddlestick for the musical ridge, of the larger

chanter being longer than the other. Upper margins of

the of the meropodites ambulatory legs transversely rugose.

Under surface of the penultimate joints of the second and

of third legs without patches hairs, distal part of the ex-

ternal margin of the under surface of the penultimate joints

of third the legs hairy; some few hairs on the under mar-

of gins the meropodites. Dactylopodites more slender than

Notes from the Leyclen Museum, "Vol. 111. MACROPimULMIJS DEPRESSUS. 255

those of cordimana the Latr., hairy on both margins, am-

for and struc- bulatory legs having the rest the same shape ture as those of that Indian species.

Measurings of our specimen:

1 Distance between the external orbital 27 mm. angles /3

Distance between the epibraucliial angles 29 mm.

1 Length of the 22 mm, carapace /2 of the hand Length larger 21 mm.

Heigtli of the larger hand 12 mm.

Macrophthalmus depressus Rupp.

Taf. Macrophthalmus depressus, Ruppell, Krabben, p. 19,

IY, fig. 6.

Milne Ann. Scienc. Nat. 159. Edwards, 1852, p.

Four at specimens were collected Djeddah. This species

is most closely allied to Macrophth. japonicus de Haan, but

be may distinguished by the following: our specimens at

of size that of least are a smaller than Macrophth. japo-

nicus the breadth of the 21 that of , carapace being mm.,

the form 32 but the' and structure Japanese mm., shape

in of the cephalothorax are nearly quite the same both

species. The external surface of the hands of the male is

its inferior a little more convex, margin being less arcua-

ted and being rounded, while in Macrophth. japonicus it

is rather and much arcuated, acute granular. The convex

internal surface in the Japanese form is a little granular

the but with hairs near articulation, closely covered many

in the of the mobile depressus ; upper margin finger gra-

nular in but rather smooth in the other, and japonicus ,

the tooth with which its inner margin is armed, is broa-

der in the Red Sea form. Finally the under surface of

the meropodites of the three middle legs and the internal

surface of the tibiae and tarsi of the fourth pair are clo-

covered hairs in but smooth in sely with, depressus , nearly

the other.

Notes from the Leytlen Museum, Vol. 111, 256 LEUCOSIA UnANIA.

Leucosia urania Herbst.

Eight specimens were collected at Djeddak, Red Sea.

of They agree wholly with the typical specimen Leuc. neo-

caledonica Alph. M. Edw. from New-Caledonia, that I de-

scribed for some time to be identical with Leuc. uraniaHerhst

Vol. The (Notes Leyden Museum, Ill, p. 123). upper mar-

gin of the palm of the hands in our specimens is cristate, it the New-Caledonian heing more rounded in specimen, hut it he attributed to the size of that individual. may larger

There are two dark spots on the posterior surface of the carapace.

Leyden, Sept. 1881.

■Notes from the Ijeytlen Museum, Vol. 111.