Chapter 7, Overview
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Elements of Screenology: Toward an Archaeology of the Screen 2006
Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Erkki Huhtamo Elements of screenology: Toward an Archaeology of the Screen 2006 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1958 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Huhtamo, Erkki: Elements of screenology: Toward an Archaeology of the Screen. In: Navigationen - Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturwissenschaften, Jg. 6 (2006), Nr. 2, S. 31–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1958. Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under a Deposit License (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, non-transferable, individual, and limited right for using this persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses document. This document is solely intended for your personal, Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für non-commercial use. All copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute, or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the conditions of vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder use stated above. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. -
Techniques of Cinematography: 2 (SUPROMIT MAITI)
Dept. of English, RNLKWC--SEM- IV—SEC 2—Techniques of Cinematography: 2 (SUPROMIT MAITI) The Department of English RAJA N.L. KHAN WOMEN’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) Midnapore, West Bengal Course material- 2 on Techniques of Cinematography (Some other techniques) A close-up from Mrinal Sen’s Bhuvan Shome (1969) For SEC (English Hons.) Semester- IV Paper- SEC 2 (Film Studies) Prepared by SUPROMIT MAITI Faculty, Department of English, Raja N.L. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous) Prepared by: Supromit Maiti. April, 2020. 1 Dept. of English, RNLKWC--SEM- IV—SEC 2—Techniques of Cinematography: 2 (SUPROMIT MAITI) Techniques of Cinematography (Film Studies- Unit II: Part 2) Dolly shot Dolly shot uses a camera dolly, which is a small cart with wheels attached to it. The camera and the operator can mount the dolly and access a smooth horizontal or vertical movement while filming a scene, minimizing any possibility of visual shaking. During the execution of dolly shots, the camera is either moved towards the subject while the film is rolling, or away from the subject while filming. This process is usually referred to as ‘dollying in’ or ‘dollying out’. Establishing shot An establishing shot from Death in Venice (1971) by Luchino Visconti Establishing shots are generally shots that are used to relate the characters or individuals in the narrative to the situation, while contextualizing his presence in the scene. It is generally the shot that begins a scene, which shoulders the responsibility of conveying to the audience crucial impressions about the scene. Generally a very long and wide angle shot, establishing shot clearly displays the surroundings where the actions in the Prepared by: Supromit Maiti. -
10 Tips on How to Master the Cinematic Tools And
10 TIPS ON HOW TO MASTER THE CINEMATIC TOOLS AND ENHANCE YOUR DANCE FILM - the cinematographer point of view Your skills at the service of the movement and the choreographer - understand the language of the Dance and be able to transmute it into filmic images. 1. The Subject - The Dance is the Star When you film, frame and light the Dance, the primary subject is the Dance and the related movement, not the dancers, not the scenography, not the music, just the Dance nothing else. The Dance is about movement not about positions: when you film the dance you are filming the movement not a sequence of positions and in order to completely comprehend this concept you must understand what movement is: like the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze said “w e always tend to confuse movement with traversed space…” 1. The movement is the act of traversing, when you film the Dance you film an act not an aestheticizing image of a subject. At the beginning it is difficult to understand how to film something that is abstract like the movement but with practice you will start to focus on what really matters and you will start to forget about the dancers. Movement is life and the more you can capture it the more the characters are alive therefore more real in a way that you can almost touch them, almost dance with them. The Dance is a movement with a rhythm and when you film it you have to become part of the whole rhythm, like when you add an instrument to a music composition, the vocabulary of cinema is just another layer on the whole art work. -
Film Terminology
Film Terminology Forms of Fiction English 12 Camera SHOTS camera shot is the amount of space that is seen in one shot or frame. Camera shots are used to demonstrate different aspects of a film's setting, characters and themes. As a result, camera shots are very important in shaping meaning in a film. Extreme long shot A framing in which the scale of the object shown is very small; a building, landscape, or crowd of people would fill the screen. Extreme long shot/Establishing shot This shot, usually involving a distant framing, that shows the spatial relations among the important figures, objects, and setting in a scene. Long Shot A framing in which the scale of the object shown is very small A standing human figure would appear nearly half the height of the screen. It is often used to show scenes of action or to establish setting - Sometimes called an establishing shot Medium long shot A framing at a distance that makes an object about four or five feet high appear to fill most of the screen vertically Medium Shot A framing in which the scale of the object shown is of moderate size A human figure seen from the waist up would fill most of the screen Over the shoulder This shot is framed from behind a person who is looking at the subject This shot helps to establish the position of each person and get the feel of looking at one person from the other’s point of view It is common to cut between these shots during conversation Medium close up A framing in which the scale of the object is fairly large a human figure seen from the chest up would fill most the screen Close-up Shot A framing in which the scale of the object shown is relatively large; most commonly a person’s head seen from the neck up, or an object of a comparable size that fills most of the screen. -
Color Foba Clrv2.Indd
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Fort Baker, Barry and Cronkhite Historic District Marin County, California Cultural Landscape Report for Fort Baker Golden Gate National Recreation Area Cultural Landscape Report for Fort Baker Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Baker, Barry and Cronkhite Historic District Marin County, California July 2005 Acknowledgements Special thanks to Ric Borjes and Randy Biallas for getting this project underway. Project Team Pacific West Region Office - Seattle Cathy Gilbert Michael Hankinson Amy Hoke Erica Owens Golden Gate National Recreation Area Barbara Judy Jessica Shors Pacific West Region Office - Oakland Kimball Koch Len Warner Acknowledgements The following individuals contributed to this CLR: Golden Gate National Recreation Area Mai-Liis Bartling Stephen Haller Daphne Hatch Nancy Horner Steve Kasierski Diane Nicholson Nick Weeks Melanie Wollenweber Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy Erin Heimbinder John Skibbe Betty Young Golden Gate National Recreation Area Leo Barker Hans Barnaal Kristin Baron Alex Naar Marin Conservation Corp Francis Taroc PacificWest Region Office - Oakland Shaun Provencher Nelson Siefkin Robin Wills Presidio Trust Peter Ehrlich Ben Jones Michael Lamb Table of Contents Table of Contents Acknowledgements List of Figures .................................................................................................................................iii Introduction Management Summary ................................................................................................................. -
Cinematography
CINEMATOGRAPHY ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS • The filmmaker controls the cinematographic qualities of the shot – not only what is filmed but also how it is filmed • Cinematographic qualities involve three factors: 1. the photographic aspects of the shot 2. the framing of the shot 3. the duration of the shot In other words, cinematography is affected by choices in: 1. Photographic aspects of the shot 2. Framing 3. Duration of the shot 1. Photographic image • The study of the photographic image includes: A. Range of tonalities B. Speed of motion C. Perspective 1.A: Tonalities of the photographic image The range of tonalities include: I. Contrast – black & white; color It can be controlled with lighting, filters, film stock, laboratory processing, postproduction II. Exposure – how much light passes through the camera lens Image too dark, underexposed; or too bright, overexposed Exposure can be controlled with filters 1.A. Tonality - cont Tonality can be changed after filming: Tinting – dipping developed film in dye Dark areas remain black & gray; light areas pick up color Toning - dipping during developing of positive print Dark areas colored light area; white/faintly colored 1.A. Tonality - cont • Photochemically – based filmmaking can have the tonality fixed. Done by color timer or grader in the laboratory • Digital grading used today. A scanner converts film to digital files, creating a digital intermediate (DI). DI is adjusted with software and scanned back onto negative 1.B.: Speed of motion • Depends on the relation between the rate at which -
3. Master the Camera
mini filmmaking guides production 3. MASTER THE CAMERA To access our full set of Into Film DEVELOPMENT (3 guides) mini filmmaking guides visit intofilm.org PRE-PRODUCTION (4 guides) PRODUCTION (5 guides) 1. LIGHT A FILM SET 2. GET SET UP 3. MASTER THE CAMERA 4. RECORD SOUND 5. STAY SAFE AND OBSERVE SET ETIQUETTE POST-PRODUCTION (2 guides) EXHIBITION AND DISTRIBUTION (2 guides) PRODUCTION MASTER THE CAMERA Master the camera (camera shots, angles and movements) Top Tip Before you begin making your film, have a play with your camera: try to film something! A simple, silent (no dialogue) scene where somebody walks into the shot, does something and then leaves is perfect. Once you’ve shot your first film, watch it. What do you like/dislike about it? Save this first attempt. We’ll be asking you to return to it later. (If you have already done this and saved your films, you don’t need to do this again.) Professional filmmakers divide scenes into shots. They set up their camera and frame the first shot, film the action and then stop recording. This process is repeated for each new shot until the scene is completed. The clips are then put together in the edit to make one continuous scene. Whatever equipment you work with, if you use professional techniques, you can produce quality films that look cinematic. The table below gives a description of the main shots, angles and movements used by professional filmmakers. An explanation of the effects they create and the information they can give the audience is also included. -
Resource Materials on the Learning and Teaching of Film This Set of Materials Aims to Develop Senior Secondary Students' Film
Resource Materials on the Learning and Teaching of Film This set of materials aims to develop senior secondary students’ film analysis skills and provide guidelines on how to approach a film and develop critical responses to it. It covers the fundamentals of film study and is intended for use by Literature in English teachers to introduce film as a new literary genre to beginners. The materials can be used as a learning task in class to introduce basic film concepts and viewing skills to students before engaging them in close textual analysis of the set films. They can also be used as supplementary materials to extend students’ learning beyond the classroom and promote self-directed learning. The materials consist of two parts, each with the Student’s Copy and Teacher’s Notes. The Student’s Copy includes handouts and worksheets for students, while the Teacher’s Notes provides teaching steps and ideas, as well as suggested answers for teachers’ reference. Part 1 provides an overview of film study and introduces students to the fundamentals of film analysis. It includes the following sections: A. Key Aspects of Film Analysis B. Guiding Questions for Film Study C. Learning Activity – Writing a Short Review Part 2 provides opportunities for students to enrich their knowledge of different aspects of film analysis and to apply it in the study of a short film. The short film “My Shoes” has been chosen to illustrate and highlight different areas of cinematography (e.g. the use of music, camera shots, angles and movements, editing techniques). Explanatory notes and viewing activities are provided to improve students’ viewing skills and deepen their understanding of the cinematic techniques. -
Glossary of Filmmaker Terms
Above the Line Clapboard Generally the portion of a film's budget that covers A small black or white board with a hinged stick on the costs associated with major creative talent: the top that displays identifying information for each shot stars, the director, the producer(s) and the writer(s). in the movie. Assists with organizing shots during (See also Below the Line) editing process; the clap of the stick allows easier Art Director synchronization of sound and video within each shot. The crew member responsible for the design, look Construction Coordinator and feel of a film's set. Includes props, furniture, sets, Also known as the construction manager, this person etc. Reports to the production designer. supervises and manages the physical construction of Assistant Director (A.D.) sets and reports to the art director and production Carries out the director’s instructions and runs the set. designer. The first A.D. is responsible for preparing the Dailies production schedule and script breakdown, making The rough shots viewed immediately after shooting sure shooting stays on schedule and on budget. The each day by the director, along with the second A.D. is responsible for distributing information cinematographer or editor. Used to help ensure and cast notifications, keeping track of hours worked proper coverage and the quality of the shots gathered. by cast and crew, management of extras, signing Director actors in and out and preparing call sheets. The The person in charge of the overall cinematic vision of second A.D. is also in charge of the production the film and the performance of the actors. -
FILM-2680: Cinematography II 1
FILM-2680: Cinematography II 1 FILM-2680: CINEMATOGRAPHY II Cuyahoga Community College Viewing: FILM-2680 : Cinematography II Board of Trustees: January 2020 Academic Term: Fall 2020 Subject Code FILM - Film and Media Arts Course Number: 2680 Title: Cinematography II Catalog Description: Focus on advanced issues facing directors of photography working both in the studio and on location. Study of current acquisition formats for motion media productions and their limitations vs. advantages. Gain professional level competency in controlling lighting instruments and cameras, to produce desired effects for a variety of productions. Emphasis on use of light, color, picture composition, lens choice and camera movement to communicate a mood or theme, and how the craft of cinematography is used as a storytelling device. Credit Hour(s): 3 Lecture Hour(s): 2 Lab Hour(s): 3 Requisites Prerequisite and Corequisite FILM-2180 Digital Cinematography. Outcomes Course Outcome(s): Demonstrate knowledge and use of stationary and moving camera effects in a studio/ sound stage environment. Objective(s): 1. Demonstrate competency in set up and operation of track and dolly systems for motion camera work. 2. Operate a doorway dolly for non-track motion camera work. 3. Demonstrate safe and proper operation of camera crane system. 4. Demonstrate safe and proper operation of a camera jib. 5. Design and set lighting grid for a sound stage set. 6. Design and set portable lights for a sound stage set. 7. Describe the roles and responsibilities of all camera department roles. 8. Demonstrate competency in cinema camera operation. Course Outcome(s): Use appropriate set protocol when working with multiple production departments. -
A Guide to Working Effectively on the Set for Each Classification in the Cinematographers Guild
The International Cinematographers Guild IATSE Local 600 Setiquette A Guide to Working Effectively on the Set for Each Classification in The Cinematographers Guild Including definitions of the job requirements and appropriate protocols for each member of the camera crew and for publicists 2011 The International Cinematographers Guild IATSE Local 600 Setiquette A Guide to Working Effectively on the Set for each Classification in The Cinematographers Guild CONTENTS Rules of Professional Conduct by Bill Hines (page 2) Practices to be encouraged, practices to be avoided Directors of Photography compiled by Charles L. Barbee (page 5) Responsibilities of the Cinematographer (page 7) (adapted from the American Society of Cinematographers) Camera Operators compiled by Bill Hines (page 11) Pedestal Camera Operators by Paul Basta (page 12) Still/Portrait Photographers compiled by Kim Gottlieb-Walker (page 13) With the assistance of Doug Hyun, Ralph Nelson, David James, Melinda Sue Gordon and Byron Cohen 1st and 2 nd Camera Assistants complied by Mitch Block (page 17) Loaders compiled by Rudy Pahoyo (page 18) Digital Classifications Preview Technicians by Tony Rivetti (page 24) News Photojournalists compiled by Gary Brainard (page 24 ) EPK Crews by Charles L. Barbee (page 26) Publicists by Leonard Morpurgo (page 27) (Unit, Studio, Agency and Photo Editor) Edited by Kim Gottlieb-Walker Third Edition, 2011 (rev. 5/11) RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT by Bill Hines, S.O.C. The following are well-established production practices and are presented as guidelines in order to aid members of the International Cinematographers Guild, Local 600, IATSE, function more efficiently, effectively, productively and safely performing their crafts, during the collaborative process of film and video cinematic production. -
The Last Temptation of Christ
Film Style Comes to TBS Playoff Series Monday Night 10/9/17 This rack focus suggests because not legible within the same frame a distance, a separation between Cub fans and this former Chicago White Sox pitcher. If you search University catalogues, particularly English Departments, an odd “coincidence” emerges: the majority of film scholars are also hermeneuts of sacred texts. In addition to analyses of film style and other cultural studies, I’ve publish a midrashic reading of biblical circumcision, “Call It Magic Surgery: Possessing Members, Possessing Texts,” “Figura Preserves: History (in) Ajar," where I pit the brilliant but limited Eric Auerbach against the Yahweh-inspired St. Augustine, and forthcoming is my “`Who Told Thee That Thou Wast Naked?’ Troubling Nakedness and Knowing in the Tanakh, New Testament, and the Qur’an.” And so here we are with 1988’s The Last Temptation of Christ based on Nikos Kazantzakis 1955 novel The Last Temptation of Christ a film written by Paul Schrader and started by Marty in 1983 but cancelled by Paramount due to an uproar from “the moral majority” The dominant cinematic trope in this film not surprisingly is the GOD SHOT “A God Shot or extreme high angle shot is so named because it often approximates a near impossible perspective of elevation available only to a supreme being. The shot usually confers some sort of moral judgment and, particularly in Hitchcock, foreshadows the death of the subject within the frame.” the God Shot used throughout-here the Temple of moneychangers [ride to Calvary] the