DOCSLIB.ORG

Global Patterns of Freshwater Fish Communities in Mediterrannean Biomes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Global Patterns of Freshwater Fish Communities in Mediterrannean Biomes GLOBAL PATTERNS OF FRESHWATER FISH COMMUNITIES IN MEDITERRANNEAN BIOMES Elif Esther Fehm-Sullivan B.S., California State University, Sacramento, 2003 THESIS Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENE in BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES at CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, SACRAMENTO FALL 2010 GLOBAL PATTERNS OF FESHWATER FISH COMMUNITIES IN MEDITERRANNEAN BIOMES A Thesis by Elif Esther Fehm-Sullivan Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Jamie Kneitel, Ph.D. __________________________________, Second Reader Brett Holland, Ph.D. __________________________________, Third Reader Patrick Foley, Ph.D. __________________________________ Date ii Student: Elif Esther Fehm-Sullivan I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________, Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Susanne Lindgren, Ph.D. Date Department of Biological Sciences iii Abstract of GLOBAL PATTERNS OF FRESHWATER FISH COMMUNITIES IN MEDITERRANNEAN BIOMES by Elif Esther Fehm-Sullivan Explaining patterns of species richness is a central theme in community ecology. Ecologists have focused on local (within a site), regional (among sites in a given region), or geographical (among regions) explanations of diversity patterns. In the case of freshwater fish, studies illustrate that biological factors (competition and predation), along with physical factors (habitat diversity, water chemistry, flow regime, temperature and channel morphology), interact to influence species richness within and among communities and that both operate within a range of spatial scales. This study identified global patterns of species richness and trophic diversity in twelve Mediterranean biome freshwater fish communities located on six continents. Differences were found in both species richness and trophic diversity between continental river basins. This study also examined energetic, ecological, and historical factors that may explain freshwater fish species richness and trophic diversity among Mediterranean biome river basins. The energetic factor, average annual discharge, was found to explain species richness; and that none of the seven factors measured explained trophic diversity. This result is contrary to studies that have shown net primary productivity as explaining species richness in global freshwater fish communities. The difference presented in this iv study states that all basin studies were in one habitat type, the Mediterranean biome, whereas other studies examined several varying habitat types. The resulting specific knowledge can help conserve species richness and manage river basins altered by human activity. ___________________________, Committee Chair Jamie Kneitel, Ph.D. ___________________________ Date v DEDICATION In loving memory of Sherwood Anthony Fehm Jr. and Saba Phyllis Fehm-Sullivan. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Completing a Masters is truly a marathon event, and I would not have been able to complete this journey without the aid and support of countless people over the past seven and a half years. I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Jamie Kneitel, whose expertise, understanding, and patience added considerably to my graduate experience. I appreciate his vast knowledge and skill in many areas (e.g., statistical analysis, community ecology, and dry humor), and his assistance in writing. I also want to thank him for his calm reserve during times of stress. I would like to thank the other members of my committee, Dr. Bret Holland, and Dr. Patrick Foley for the assistance they provided at all levels of my thesis project. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Susanne Lindgren, the Graduate Student Advisor, for giving me the opportunity to finish my thesis. I would like to give my eternal gratitude to my father James E. Sullivan for the guidance and wisdom that he has given me throughout my life. I have been able to develop and grow as an individual as a result. He provided me with moral, emotional, and writing support during this entire process. I doubt I will ever be able to convey my appreciation fully. I must also acknowledge the quiet, constant, intense and enduring support of my mother Sadie Çançar Sullivan. A very special thank you goes to Dr. Barbara Cordonii, who years ago diagnosed my learning disabilities, and with whose tutelage enabled me to reach this level of vii education. Without her motivation and encouragement, I would not have considered a graduate career. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Dedication .......................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgments............................................................................................................. vii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1 Methods................................................................................................................................9 Results ................................................................................................................................11 Discussion ..........................................................................................................................24 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................29 Appendix A. Trophic level richness per drainage basin. ...................................................32 Appendix B. Data sources ..................................................................................................33 Appendix C. Species lists and trophic level .......................................................................34 Appendix D. Table of environmental factor values per drainage basin ............................42 Appendix E. Calculation table for NPP .............................................................................43 Literature Cited ..................................................................................................................44 ix LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1. Trophic Level ANOVA ......................................................................................14 Table 2. Species Richness ANOVA .................................................................................16 Table 3. Continental Trophic Richness ANOVA. ............................................................18 Table 4. Multiple Regression on Species Richness and Trophic Diversity. .....................21 x LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Global map of Mediterranean Biome Locations .................................................8 Figure 2. Trophic Level Histogram. .................................................................................15 Figure 3. Species Richness Histogram. .............................................................................17 Figure 4. Continental Trophic Species Richness Histogram. ...........................................19 Figure 5. Continental Community Composition Chart. ....................................................20 Figure 6. Species Richness Regression with the San Joaquin River. ...............................22 Figure 7. Species Richness Regression without the San Joaquin River. ..........................23 xi 1 INTRODUCTION A central issue in both biogeography and community ecology is to understand the factors that shape species richness patterns across different spatial scales (Cody and Mooney, 1978; Griffiths, 2006). Among vertebrates, fish have been one of the most intensely studied groups for local (within river), regional (among rivers), and geographical (among regions) community structure. Numerous common patterns in fish community organization have been identified among distinct river basins at several different spatial scales. For example, at a local scale, physical factors appear to determine species richness in variable environments (Capone and Kushlan, 1991). On larger spatial scales (regional and geographical), physical factors such as area, total discharge, and primary productivity, along with historical factors such as speciation rates and dispersal are the major determinant of species richness and regulate the importance of local-scale factors (Lamoureux et al., 2002). To better understand freshwater fish communities, ecologists have studied several aspects of community structure. These include biogeographic histories and their relation to the distribution of freshwater fishes (Novacek, 1976; Bernatchez and Wilson, 1998; McDowall, 2002; Landini and Sorbini, 2005; Goren and Ortal, 1998), diversity of trophic categories (feeding patterns) (Tonn, 1990; Winemiller, 1991; Behrens and Lafferty, 2007; Daufresne and Boёt, 2007; Erös, 2007; Mittelbach et al., 2007; Lévêque et al., 2008), and species richness (Hawkins et al., 2003; Oberdorff et al., 1995; Guégan et al., 1998; Oberdorff et al., 2001; Griffiths, 2006; Reyjol et al., 2007). 2 The inland water fishes of the Mediterranean have been studied since the first description
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes
    diversity Article A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes Rachel A. Paterson 1,*, Gustavo P. Viozzi 2, Carlos A. Rauque 2, Verónica R. Flores 2 and Robert Poulin 3 1 The Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685, Torgarden, 7485 Trondheim, Norway 2 Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA, CONICET—Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina; [email protected] (G.P.V.); [email protected] (C.A.R.); veronicaroxanafl[email protected] (V.R.F.) 3 Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +47-481-37-867 Abstract: Free-living species often receive greater conservation attention than the parasites they support, with parasite conservation often being hindered by a lack of parasite biodiversity knowl- edge. This study aimed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding parasites of the Southern Hemisphere freshwater fish family Galaxiidae, in order to identify knowledge gaps to focus future research attention. Specifically, we assessed how galaxiid–parasite knowledge differs among geographic regions in relation to research effort (i.e., number of studies or fish individuals examined, extent of tissue examination, taxonomic resolution), in addition to ecological traits known to influ- ence parasite richness. To date, ~50% of galaxiid species have been examined for parasites, though the majority of studies have focused on single parasite taxa rather than assessing the full diversity of macro- and microparasites. The highest number of parasites were observed from Argentinean galaxiids, and studies in all geographic regions were biased towards the highly abundant and most widely distributed galaxiid species, Galaxias maculatus.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Interactive Segregation Between Introduced Trout and Native Fishes in Northern Patagonian Rivers, Chile
    Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:839–845, 2009 [Note] Ó Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2009 DOI: 10.1577/T08-134.1 Evidence of Interactive Segregation between Introduced Trout and Native Fishes in Northern Patagonian Rivers, Chile BROOKE E. PENALUNA* Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA IVAN ARISMENDI Nu´cleo Milenio FORECOS, and Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla #567, Valdivia, Chile DORIS SOTO Nu´cleo Milenio FORECOS, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla #567, Valdivia, Chile; and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Fisheries Department, Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy Abstract.—Introduced rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss recreational fishing and early practices of aquaculture and brown trout Salmo trutta fario are the most abundant (Basulto 2003). It was thought that these areas in the fishes in the northern Chilean Patagonia, and their effect on Southern Hemisphere were suitable for and would benefit native fishes is not well known. We tested for interactive from the addition of trout (Campos 1970; Basulto 2003). segregation between trout and native fishes by using a before– Since their introduction, trout have formed naturalized after, control–impact design in which we deliberately reduced the density of trout and observed the response of the native populations and have become the most abundant fish fishes in their mesohabitat use (pool, run, riffle). Three native species, accounting for over 95% of the total biomass in fish species, Brachygalaxias bullocki, Galaxias maculatus rivers of the Chilean Patagonia (Soto et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Revision of the Andean Killifish Genus Orestias (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae)
    A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ANDEAN KILLIFISH GENUS ORESTIAS (CYPRINODONTIFORMES, CYPRINODONTIDAE) I.VNNE R. PARENT] BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 178 : ARTICLE 2 NEW YORK : 1984 A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE ANDEAN KILLIFISH GENUS ORESTIAS (CYPRINODONTIFORMES, CYPRINODONTIDAE) LYNNE R. PARENTI Research Associate, Department of Ichthyology American Museum of Natural History BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 178, article 2, pages 107-214, figures 1-72, tables 1-12 Issued May 9, 1984 Price: $8.40 a copy Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1984 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract 110 Introduction 110 Acknowledgments 113 Abbreviations 114 Note on Materials and Methods 115 Relationships of Killifishes of the Tribe Orestiini 116 Phylogenetic Analysis 122 Squamation and Neuromast Pattern 123 Hyobranchial Apparatus 126 Fins 129 Chromosomes 130 Sexual Dimorphism and Dichromatism 131 Jaw and Jaw Suspensorium 133 Skull 134 Meristic Characters 135 Morphometric Characters 146 Explanation of Synapomorphy Diagrams 150 Key to Orestias Species 160 Systematic Accounts 165 Genus Orestias Valenciennes 165 Orestias cuvieri Valenciennes 167 Orestias pentlandii Valenciennes 168 Orestias ispi Lauzanne 169 Orestias forgeti Lauzanne 170 Orestias mulleri Valenciennes 171 Orestias gracilis, New Species 172 Orestias crawfordi Tchernavin 173 Orestias tutini Tchernavin 174 Orestias incae Garman 174 Orestias luteus Valenciennes 175 Orestias rotundipinnis, New Species 176 Orestias farfani, New Species 178 Orestias
    [Show full text]
  • (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae) in Coastal River Basins of Chile and Its Implications for Conservation
    Neotropical Ichthyology Original article https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2019-0073 A Century after! Rediscovery of the ancient catfish Diplomystes Bleeker 1858 (Siluriformes: Diplomystidae) in coastal river basins of Chile and its implications for conservation Carlos P. Muñoz-Ramírez1,2, Raul Briones3, Nicole Colin4, Correspondence: Pablo Fierro5, Konrad Górski2,5, Alfonso Jara6 and Carlos P. Muñoz-Ramírez 6 [email protected] Aliro Manosalva The ancient catfish family Diplomystidae, with seven species endemic to rivers of southern South America, represents one of the oldest branches of the diverse order Siluriformes. With most species endangered, new reports of these species become extremely valuable for conservation. Currently, it is assumed that Diplomystes species inhabit only Andean (large) basins, and that they are extinct from coastal (small) basins from which their presence have not been recorded since 1919. Here, we document new records of the family Diplomystidae in the Laraquete and Carampangue basins, two coastal basins from the Nahuelbuta Coast Range, Chile, with no previous reports. This finding represents the rediscovery of the genus in coastal basins in more than a Century. Based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences, the collected specimens were found to be closely related to Diplomystes nahuelbutaensis from the Andean Biobío Basin, but sufficiently differentiated to suggest that coastal basin populations are a different management unit. These populations are important because, contrary to previous thoughts, they prove these catfish can survive in small river networks, providing unique opportunities for research and conservation. The conservation category of Critically Endangered (CE) is recommended for the Submitted July 26, 2019 populations from the Laraquete and Carampangue basins.
    [Show full text]
  • Documento Completo Descargar Archivo
    Publicaciones científicas del Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet Zoogeografía y ecología de los peces de aguas continentales de la Argentina y consideraciones sobre las áreas ictiológicas de América del Sur Ecosur, 2(3): 1-122, 1975 Contribución Científica N° 52 al Instituto de Limnología Versión electrónica por: Catalina Julia Saravia (CIC) Instituto de Limnología “Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet” Enero de 2004 1 Zoogeografía y ecología de los peces de aguas continentales de la Argentina y consideraciones sobre las áreas ictiológicas de América del Sur RAÚL A. RINGUELET SUMMARY: The zoogeography and ecology of fresh water fishes from Argentina and comments on ichthyogeography of South America. This study comprises a critical review of relevant literature on the fish fauna, genocentres, means of dispersal, barriers, ecological groups, coactions, and ecological causality of distribution, including an analysis of allotopic species in the lame lake or pond, the application of indexes of diversity of severa¡ biotopes and comments on historical factors. Its wide scope allows to clarify several aspects of South American Ichthyogeography. The location of Argentina ichthyological fauna according to the above mentioned distributional scheme as well as its relation with the most important hydrography systems are also provided, followed by additional information on its distribution in the Argentine Republic, including an analysis through the application of Simpson's similitude test in several localities. SINOPSIS I. Introducción II. Las hipótesis paleogeográficas de Hermann von Ihering III. La ictiogeografía de Carl H. Eigenmann IV. Estudios de Emiliano J. Mac Donagh sobre distribución de peces argentinos de agua dulce V. El esquema de Pozzi según el patrón hidrográfico actual VI.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 7: Species Changing IUCN Red List Status (2018-2019)
    IUCN Red List version 2019-3: Table 7 Last Updated: 10 December 2019 Table 7: Species changing IUCN Red List Status (2018-2019) Published listings of a species' status may change for a variety of reasons (genuine improvement or deterioration in status; new information being available that was not known at the time of the previous assessment; taxonomic changes; corrections to mistakes made in previous assessments, etc. To help Red List users interpret the changes between the Red List updates, a summary of species that have changed category between 2018 (IUCN Red List version 2018-2) and 2019 (IUCN Red List version 2019-3) and the reasons for these changes is provided in the table below. IUCN Red List Categories: EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild, CR - Critically Endangered [CR(PE) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), CR(PEW) - Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild)], EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable, LR/cd - Lower Risk/conservation dependent, NT - Near Threatened (includes LR/nt - Lower Risk/near threatened), DD - Data Deficient, LC - Least Concern (includes LR/lc - Lower Risk, least concern). Reasons for change: G - Genuine status change (genuine improvement or deterioration in the species' status); N - Non-genuine status change (i.e., status changes due to new information, improved knowledge of the criteria, incorrect data used previously, taxonomic revision, etc.); E - Previous listing was an Error. IUCN Red List IUCN Red Reason for Red List Scientific name Common name (2018) List (2019) change version Category
    [Show full text]
  • 2011-2015 Center for Genome Regulation (CGR)
    FONDAP CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH PROGRAM FINAL FIVE YEAR REPORT 2011-2015 Center for Genome Regulation (CGR) 1 FONDAP CENTERS OF RESEARCH PROGRAM FINAL REPORT FIRST FIVE-YEAR PERIOD FONDAP CENTER FOR GENOME REGULATION (CGR) Guidelines: ​ The report should be written following the format specified hereafter. Both a printed (report and excel spreadsheets) and an electronic version must be sent to the following address: PROGRAMA CENTROS DE EXCELENCIA FONDAP CONICYT Moneda 1375, Floor 9 Santiago E-mail: [email protected] ​ Phone: (56 – 2) 2435 43 27 For future inquiries, please contact: María Eugenia Camelio FONDAP Program Interim Director E-mail: [email protected] 2 I. PRESENTATION PERIOD COVERED: From: January 2011 To: June 2015 ​ NAME OF THE CENTER CODE FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation 15 09 00 07 DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER E-MAIL SIGNATURE Dr. Miguel L Allende [email protected] DEPUTY DIRECTOR E-MAIL SIGNATURE [email protected] Dr. Martín Montecino SPONSORING INSTITUTION Universidad de Chile SPONSORING INSTITUTION E-MAIL SIGNATURE REPRESENTATIVE Prof. Víctor Cifuentes (Dean) [email protected] ASSOCIATED INSTITUTION(S) (if applicable) ​ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Andrés Bello CENTER WEBSITE ADDRESS www.genomacrg.cl DATE: 10/7/15 ​ 3 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Five years ago, the FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation (CGR) set for itself a list of strategic and scientific objectives that would significantly change the landscape of Chilean genomic science and biological research. At the midpoint of the projected 10­year period in which these goals were to be accomplished, we can say that we are in the presence of a completely new scenario.
    [Show full text]
  • The Galaxiid Fishes of Australia (Pisces: Galaxiidae)
    THE GALAXIID FISHES OF AUSTRALIA (PISCES: GALAXIIDAE) R. M. McDoWALL, Fisheries Research Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Christchurch, New Zealand and R. S. FRANKENBERG, Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia* *Present address: "Warrangee", Howlong, New South Wales 2640 Australia. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................... , ......................................444 Material examined ........................................................................................447 Systematics ..................................................................................................449 KEY TO AUSTRALIAN GENERA OF GALAXIIDAE ............................................... .455 Genus Galaxias Cuvier ...................................................................................455 KEY TO AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF GALAXIAS ................................................... .455 Galaxias brevipinnis Gunther ......................................................................... .456 Galaxias olidus Gunther ................................................................................ .469 Galaxias johnstoni Scott ................................................................................ .489 Galaxias pedderensis Frankenberg .................................................................. .493 Galaxias fontanus Fulton ............................................................................... .498 Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes .....................................................................501
    [Show full text]
  • Presence of the Red Jollytail, Brachygalaxias Bullocki (Regan
    Correa-Araneda et al. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 2014, 87:20 http://www.revchilhistnat.com/content/87/1/20 SHORT REPORT Open Access Presence of the red jollytail, Brachygalaxias bullocki (Regan, 1908) (Galaxiformes: Galaxiidae), in freshwater forested wetlands from Chile Francisco Correa-Araneda1,2,3*, Patricio De Los Ríos2,3 and Evelyn Habit4 Abstract Background: Brachygalaxias bullocki (Regan, 1908) is a small-sized freshwater fish species (41 to 46 mm) and endemic to Chile. Its biology has still various knowledge gaps, and its distribution range has been reduced in the last decade due to human intervention. Findings: In this article, for the first time, its presence in forested wetlands of Chile (38°52′ to 39°02′ S) is documented. The presence of this species in these ecosystems is restricted to wetlands with permanent water regime and depths ranging from 15.7 to 83.5 cm. Conclusions: The physicochemical habitat conditions show important seasonal variations, suggesting that B. bullocki is resistant to a wide range of temperatures, as well as different levels of dissolved oxygen and conductivity. Keywords: Brachygalaxias bullocki; Fish fauna; Forested wetlands; Conservation Findings Consequently, B. bullocki changes in the past 26 years from Brachygalaxias bullocki (Regan, 1908) is an endemic, small- a vulnerable status of conservation (Glade 1988; Campos sized (41 to 46 mm) fish species (Stokell 1954; Cifuentes et al. 1998) to almost endanger (MMA 2014). Our goal is et al. 2012). It is endemic to Chile and still several know- to document, for the first time, the presence of this species ledge gaps about its biology exist (Habit and Victoriano in forested wetlands of Chile, providing more evidence on 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Ixoroideae– Rubiaceae
    IAWA Journal, Vol. 21 (4), 2000: 443–455 WOOD ANATOMY OF THE VANGUERIEAE (IXOROIDEAE– RUBIACEAE), WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON SOME GEOFRUTICES by Frederic Lens1, Steven Jansen1, Elmar Robbrecht2 & Erik Smets1 SUMMARY The Vanguerieae is a tribe consisting of about 500 species ordered in 27 genera. Although this tribe is mainly represented in Africa and Mada- gascar, Vanguerieae also occur in tropical Asia, Australia, and the isles of the Pacific Ocean. This study gives a detailed wood anatomical de- scription of 34 species of 15 genera based on LM and SEM observa- tions. The secondary xylem is homogeneous throughout the tribe and fits well into the Ixoroideae s.l. on the basis of fibre-tracheids and dif- fuse to diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma. The Vanguerieae in- clude numerous geofrutices that are characterised by massive woody branched or unbranched underground parts and slightly ramified un- branched aboveground twigs. The underground structures of geofrutices are not homologous; a central pith is found in three species (Fadogia schmitzii, Pygmaeothamnus zeyheri and Tapiphyllum cinerascens var. laetum), while Fadogiella stigmatoloba shows central primary xylem which is characteristic of roots. Comparison of underground versus aboveground wood shows anatomical differences in vessel diameter and in the quantity of parenchyma and fibres. Key words: Vanguerieae, Rubiaceae, systematic wood anatomy, geo- frutex. INTRODUCTION The Vanguerieae (Ixoroideae–Rubiaceae) is a large tribe consisting of about 500 spe- cies and 27 genera. Tropical Africa is the centre of diversity (about 80% of the species are found in Africa and Madagascar), although the tribe is also present in tropical Asia, Australia, and the isles of the Pacific Ocean (Bridson 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Rubiaceae, Ixoreae
    SYSTEMATICS OF THE PHILIPPINE ENDEMIC IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE, IXOREAE) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Dr. rer. nat. an der Fakultät Biologie/Chemie/Geowissenschaften der Universität Bayreuth vorgelegt von Cecilia I. Banag Bayreuth, 2014 Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde in der Zeit von Juli 2012 bis September 2014 in Bayreuth am Lehrstuhl Pflanzensystematik unter Betreuung von Frau Prof. Dr. Sigrid Liede-Schumann und Herrn PD Dr. Ulrich Meve angefertigt. Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften der Universität Bayreuth genehmigten Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.). Dissertation eingereicht am: 11.09.2014 Zulassung durch die Promotionskommission: 17.09.2014 Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium: 10.12.2014 Amtierender Dekan: Prof. Dr. Rhett Kempe Prüfungsausschuss: Prof. Dr. Sigrid Liede-Schumann (Erstgutachter) PD Dr. Gregor Aas (Zweitgutachter) Prof. Dr. Gerhard Gebauer (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Carl Beierkuhnlein This dissertation is submitted as a 'Cumulative Thesis' that includes four publications: three submitted articles and one article in preparation for submission. List of Publications Submitted (under review): 1) Banag C.I., Mouly A., Alejandro G.J.D., Meve U. & Liede-Schumann S.: Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Philippine Ixora L. (Rubiaceae). Submitted to Taxon, TAXON-D-14-00139. 2) Banag C.I., Thrippleton T., Alejandro G.J.D., Reineking B. & Liede-Schumann S.: Bioclimatic niches of endemic Ixora species on the Philippines: potential threats by climate change. Submitted to Plant Ecology, VEGE-D-14-00279. 3) Banag C.I., Tandang D., Meve U. & Liede-Schumann S.: Two new species of Ixora (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae) endemic to the Philippines. Submitted to Phytotaxa, 4646.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Locus Fossil-Calibrated Phylogeny of Atheriniformes (Teleostei, Ovalentaria)
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 86 (2015) 8–23 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Multi-locus fossil-calibrated phylogeny of Atheriniformes (Teleostei, Ovalentaria) Daniela Campanella a, Lily C. Hughes a, Peter J. Unmack b, Devin D. Bloom c, Kyle R. Piller d, ⇑ Guillermo Ortí a, a Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA b Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Australia c Department of Biology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA d Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA, USA article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic relationships among families within the order Atheriniformes have been difficult to resolve Received 29 December 2014 on the basis of morphological evidence. Molecular studies so far have been fragmentary and based on a Revised 21 February 2015 small number taxa and loci. In this study, we provide a new phylogenetic hypothesis based on sequence Accepted 2 March 2015 data collected for eight molecular markers for a representative sample of 103 atheriniform species, cover- Available online 10 March 2015 ing 2/3 of the genera in this order. The phylogeny is calibrated with six carefully chosen fossil taxa to pro- vide an explicit timeframe for the diversification of this group. Our results support the subdivision of Keywords: Atheriniformes into two suborders (Atherinopsoidei and Atherinoidei), the nesting of Notocheirinae Silverside fishes within Atherinopsidae, and the monophyly of tribe Menidiini, among others. We propose taxonomic Marine to freshwater transitions Marine dispersal changes for Atherinopsoidei, but a few weakly supported nodes in our phylogeny suggests that further Molecular markers study is necessary to support a revised taxonomy of Atherinoidei.
    [Show full text]