Masyarakat Punan Di Kumah Panjang Punan Biau"

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Masyarakat Punan Di Kumah Panjang Punan Biau "PANTUN MO~ SEMASAUPACARABUNGAN DALAM MASYARAKAT PUNAN DI KUMAH PANJANG PUNAN BIAU" Daisy Bato HI Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dengan Kepujian 6110 (Muzik) !I) 2007 0134 2007 ~us.u KlJldma[ Mruuumat AKaaem IYERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAJ Q4100 KOla SamarahiuJ P.KHIDMAT MAKLUMAT AKADEMIK UNIMAS 1111111111111111111111111111 1000166999 "PANTUN MO'A SEMASA UPACARABUNGANDALAM MASYARAKAT PUNAN DI RUMAH PANJANG PUNAN DIAU" DAISY BATO Projek ini merupakan salah satu keperluan untuk Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dengan Kepujian ( Muzik) Fakulti Seni Gunaan dan Kreatif UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARA W AK 2007 I UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAW AK BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESISILAPORAN JUDUL : "Pantun Mo'a Semasa Upacara Bungan Dalam Masyarakat Punan Di Rumah Panjang Punan Biau" SESI PENGAJIAN 2006/2007 Saya DAISYBATO mengaku membenarkan tesisl Laporan * ini disimpan di Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: I. Tesisl Laporan adalah hakmilik Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2. Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja 3. Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat pengdigitan untuk membangunkan Pangkalan Data Kandungan Tempatan 4. Pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak dibenarkan membuat salinan tesisllaporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengaj ian tinggi 5. *sila tandakan m D SULIT (mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan seperti termaktub di dalam AKTA TERHAD RAHSIA 1972) D (mengandungi maklumat Terhad yang telah ditentukan o TIDAK TERHAD oleh Organisasilbadan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan) Tandatangan Penulis Tandatangan Penyelia Tarikh: 1 ~ Mel J..oo7 Tarikh: lit UIIW E ~ Alamat Tetap: Lot 444, Taman Bintang, 96500 Bintangor, Sarawak. Catatan: • Tesisl Laporan dimaksudkan sebagai tcsis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah, Sarjana Muda • lika Tesisl Laporan SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasal organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tesisllaporan ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD 11 Projek bertajuk "Pantun Mo'a Semasa Upacara Bungan Oalam Masyarakat Punan Oi Rumah Panjang Punan Biau" telah disediakan oleh Daisy Bato dan telah diserahkan kepada Fakulti Seni Gunaan dan Kreatif sebagai memenuhi syarat untuk Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dengan Kepujian dalam program Muzik. Diterima untuk diperiksa oleh: ~~. Miss Ng Sie Ai Tarikh: 111 PENGAKUAN Penulis mengakui bahawa tidak terdapat bahagian penyelidikan, dihasilkan atau dilaporkan dalam tesis ini yang telah digunakan sebagai bahan sokongan untuk suatu Ijazah atau kelulusan samada kepada Universiti ini atau Institusi pengajian tinggi lain. ( DAISY BATO ) No. Matrik : 11814 IV ,... PENGHARGAAN Bersyukur saya kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa kerana akhirnya saya telah berjaya menyempurnakan penyelidikan tahun akhir ini walaupun banyak dugaan dan cabaran sepanjang proses menyiapkannya. Setinggi-tinggi penghargaan buat penyelia saya yang bersusah payah membimbing dan menolong saya untuk menyiapkan kajian ini. Tidak lupa juga pensyarah-pensyarah program muzik yang banyak membantu dalam pembelajaran saya dan say a amat menghargai jasa dan pertolongan kalian. Khas buat mereka yang terlibat di dalam pengajian saya, terima kasih saya ucapkan. Buat keluarga tersayang iaitu Encik Mathew Bato, Puan Munti, Dennis dan Dickens, sokongan dan kasih sayang kalian membuatkan saya terharu apabila keseorangan di tempat orang demi mengejar sebuah impian. Terima kasih juga kepada kawan saya Thomas, Ernest, Cecelia, Kara dan rakan-rakan sekelas yang lain kerana sudi membantu dan memberi sokongan kepada saya sepanjang membuat penyelidikan tahun akhir ini. Tidak ketinggalan juga kepada Nenek Telun Tinggang dan Puan Rayu Jipun kerana sudi terlibat dalam temubual dan rakaman pantun Mo 'a. Kerjasama anda semua amat saya hargai. Buat kawan saya Goldie Gayah, Patricia Elyani, Sharon Stephanie dan Min Padok, tak usah bersedih sekiranya kita bukan yang terbaik kerana banyak lagi cabaran dunia luar yang belum kita tempuhi kerana itulah yang menguji sarna ada kita berjaya atau tidak di dalam hidup. Akhir sekali, saya memohon maaf kepada semua sekiranya berlaku kesilapan dari segi tingkah laku dan tutur bicara yang menyinggung perasaan kalian sepanjang saya di Unimas. v lSI KANDUNGAN Muka Surat Tajuk Tesis i Borang Pengesahan Status Tesis I Laporan ii Pengesahan dan Tandatangan Penyelia iii Borang Pengakuan iv Penghargaan v lsi Kandungan vi Abstrak ix Abstract x 1. BAB1:PENDAHULUAN 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Kehidupan Kaum Punan 3 1.2 Permasalahan Kaj ian 15 1.3 MatIamat Kajian 17 1.4 Objektif Kaj ian 18 1.5 Skop Kajian Atau Batasan Kajian 19 1.6 Hipotesis Kajian 19 2. BAB 2 : KAJIAN LEPAS 21 VI 3. BAB 3 : METODOLOGI KAJIAN 25 3.1 Cara Pengumpulan Data 25 3.2 Instrumen Kajian 27 3.3 Lokasi Kajian 28 4. BAB 4: ANALISA KAJIAN 30 4.1 Sejarah Upacara Bungan 30 4.2 Sebelum Upacara Bungan 32 4.3 Semasa Upacara Bungan 37 4.4 Selepas Upacara Bungan 44 4.5 Aspek muzik Pantun Mo 'a 46 4.5.1 Aspek Melodi 46 4.5.2 Aspek Ritma 53 4.5.3 Aspek Teks 55 5. BAB 5 : RUMUSAN, CADANGAN DAN KESIMPULAN KAJIAN 5.1 Rumusan Kajian Tentang Pantun Mo 'a Semasa Upacara Bungan 58 a. Langkah-Langkah Serta Cadangan Yang Perlu Diambil Untuk Memelihara Dan Memulihara Pantun Mo 'a Di Kalangan Masyarakat Punan. 59 1. Kampung Budaya Negeri Sarawak 60 11. Muzium Negeri Sarawak 62 VB 111. Kementerian Pembangunan Sosial Dan Urbanisasi (KPSU) 63 IV. Persatuan-Persatuan Dan Kelab-Kelab yang Ditubuhkan Di Peringkat Pedalaman Bagi Kaum Punan. 64 v. Menubuhkan Sebuah Muzium Khas Untuk Orang Ulu 65 VI. Cadangan-cadangan lain 66 5.2 Kesimpulan 66 Rujukan 68 Lampiran A 70 Lampiran B 73 V111 ABSTRAK Kaj ian ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan pantun epik tradisional iaitu Mo 'a yang merupakan salah satu struktur nyanyian yang unik dan dinyanyikan oleh kaum wanita masyarakat Punan. Keunikan Mo 'a terletak pada aspek muzikal serta persembahan khususnya yang berkaitan dengan upacara Bungan. Kajian ini telah dilakukan di Rumah Panjang Punan Biau, Belaga. IX ! ABSTRACT This research aims to introduce a traditional epic poem, Mo 'a, a unique form of singing sung by the women in the Punan community. Mo 'a is unique because ofits significance musical and performance context related to Punan's Bungan festival. This research was carried out in Belaga at Rumah Panjang Punan Biau. x BABI PENDAHULUAN Masyarakat di Sarawak khasnya dan Malaysia arnnya selalu dianggap sebagai sebuah rnasyarakat yang berbilang kaurn. Antara kaurn yang terdapat di Sarawak ialah Melayu, Cina, Kedayan, Melanau, ]ban, Kayan, Punan, Kelabit, Kenyah, Penan, Bisaya dan kaurn-kaurn yang lain. Setiap kaurn rnernpunyai keperi badian budaya yang tersendiri serta harus dikekalkan. Masyarakat Malaysia juga mernpunyai budaya yang rnernbolehkan rnereka berinteraksi antara satu sarna lain. Budaya rnerupakan perIakuan rnanusia yang dipelajari dan bersifat sirnbolis yang rnerupakan suatu reaksi rnanusia terhadap penyesuaian hidup dengan alarn sekeliLing. Di Sarawak, rnasyarakat Orang Ulu rnerupakan sebuah rnasyarakat yang rnernpunyai kehidupan dan kebudayaan hidup yang unik. Masyarakat Orang Ulu adalah sebuah rnasyarakat yang hid up dalarn serba kesederhanaan dan kebanyakkan rnereka rnasih rnenetap di Ulu Sungai Sarawak dan di Ulu Bararn Miri. Menurut Buletin Perangkaan Bulanan Sarawak Mac 2007 rnengatakan bahawa anggaran penduduk rnasyarakat Orang Ulu adalah serarnai 135.8 ribu penduduk di bahagian Belaga. Jurnlah kaurn Punan rnengikut jantina dianggarkan serarnai 154 ribu golongan lelaki dan 148 ribu bagi golongan wanita dan jumlah keseluruhannya adalah serarnai 302 ribu penduduk. 1 Kebanyakan Orang Ulu pada mas a dahulu telah membina perkampungan mereka di tebingan sungai serta kawasan yang berdekatan dengan anak sungai. Ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan mereka bergerak dengan lebih· mudah kerana sungai merupakan pengangkutan utama bagi Orang Ulu. Masyarakat Orang Ulu yang pelbagai kaum seperti Kayan, Punan, Kelabit, Kenyah, Penan, Bisaya dan Kedayan ini mempunyai corak kehidupan yang berbeza dari segi adat resam dan tradisi nenek moyang mereka yang berkaitan dengan pemujaan, pantang larang, corak kehidupan, motif dan perkahwinan. Adat resam yang selalu diamalkan oleh masyarakat Orang Ulu ialah upacara pemujaan kerana pada masa dulu mereka belum lagi terdedah dengan agama lain. Orang Ulu juga turut berpegang teguh pada pantang-Iarang serta kepercayaan karut yang diturunkan dari nenek moyang mereka. Kebanyakan Orang Ulu pada masa dahulu mengamalkan motif yang hampir sarna iaitu membuat tatu di badan serta bertelinga panjang. Namun begitu, fesyen terse but tidak diamalkan lagi oleh generasi mud a Orang Ulu kerana mereka menganggap gaya tersebut kuno. Kaum Punan merupakan salah satu kumpulan masyarakat Orang Ulu. 2 1.1 Latar Belakang Kehidupan Kaum Punan Masyarakat Punan merupakan salah satu daripada kaum Orang Ulu yang selalu dianggap sarna budaya dengan masyarakat Penan. Namun begitu, kedua-dua masyarakat ini mempunyai perbezaan budaya yang tersendiri. Contohnya, kediaman masyarakat Punan di daerah Belaga lebih dekat dengan daerah bandar iaitu pekan Kapit dibandingkan dengan masyarakat Penan yang masih tinggal di tempat yang terpencil serta jauh dari daerah bandar. Masyarakat Punan dikatakan lebih dekat dengan daerah bandar kerana perjalanan dari rumah panjang masyarakat Punan mengambil masa lebih kurang lapan jam sehari untuk sampai ke bandar tersebut.
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