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Western Himalyan Ecoregional Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

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Western Himalyan Ecoregional Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY & ACTION PLAN WESTERN HIMALAYAN ECOREGION WESTERN HIMALYAN ECOREGIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN PREPARED UNDER THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN – INDIA S.P. SINGH CO-ORDINATOR & EDITOR Assisstant Editors Rajesh Thadani & M.Kumaiyan WORKING GROUP MEMBERS P.S. Roy Gopal Rawat Rahul Kaul Y.S. Rawat S.S. Samant Sanjeeva Pandey P.K Joshi 2002 NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY & ACTION PLAN WESTERN HIMALAYAN ECOREGION Preamble The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), a project of Union Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) aims to produce a series of planning documents dealing with the conservation of India‟s biodiversity, sustainable use of its biological resources, and equity including in decisions regarding to the access to such resources and the benefits accruing from them. The project is funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) through United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). A unique aspect of the project is that its technical execution is by a Technical and Policy Core Group (TPCG) being coordinated by an NGO Kalpavriksh, and its administrative coordination is by Biotech Consortium India Ltd. The NBSAP process has included extremely widespread consultation across the country and across all sectors of society, involving tens of thousands of people. It aims to produce not one national action plan, but 18 local (substate) plans, 33 state and union territory plans, 10 ecoregional (interstate) plans, and 13 thematic plans. All these will coalesce into a national plan, but will also remain independent for implementation purposes. In addition, over 30 thematic papers have been commissioned on a variety of topics related to biodiversity. With this overall process, one of the ecoregional action plans is on Western Himalayan Ecoregion, which has been drafted by Prof. S.P. Singh, Coordinator along with persons experienced in the field. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY & ACTION PLAN WESTERN HIMALAYAN ECOREGION Editorial Committee & Working Group Member Contact details 1. Dr. S.P. Singh Professor and Head, Co-ordinator & Department of Botany, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002 Editor Email: [email protected] Phone: 05942-35596 (O)/ 05942-35825 (R) 2. Dr. Rajesh Thadani CHIRAG, Assistant Editor Shitla, P.O. Mukteshwar – 263138 (Distt Nainital) [email protected] 3. Mr. M.Kumaiyan 56 Talli Tal Bz., Nainital – 263002 (Uttaranchal) Assistant Editor Phone: 05942-39466/35806 [email protected] 4. Dr. P.S. Roy Professor and Dean, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, 4, Kalidas Road, Dehradun 248001 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] FAX: 0135-741987/748041 Phone: 0135-744518 - Off/ 744914 – Res 5. Dr. Gopal Rawat Wildlife Institute of India Post box No. 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun - 248001 [email protected] 6. Dr. Rahul Kaul World Pheasant Association 172-B, Lodhi Estate New Delhi – 110 003 [email protected] and [email protected] 7. Dr. S.S. Samant G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263643 (Uttaranchal) C/o [email protected] Ph. 05962-41041 (O)/ 05962-41052 (R) 8. Dr. Y.S. Rawat Reader, Department of Botany, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002 C/o [email protected] Ph. 05942-38620(R) 9. Mr. Sanjeeva Pandey Director, Great Himalayan National Park, Shamsi 175 126, Kullu (HP) [email protected] / [email protected] Phone: 01902-65320 Website: www.wii.gov.in/ghnpindia.htm 10. Mr. P.K Joshi IIRS, Dhradun [email protected] NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY & ACTION PLAN WESTERN HIMALAYAN ECOREGION Preface The present report consists of two main components, the first gives an overview of the existing biodiversity and the unique geoecological features of Western Himalaya, and the second part raises various issues related with the region, and suggests strategies and action plans. During the course of this exercise it was realised that the ecosystem services provided by the Western Himalayan region are enormous and should be incorporated while preparing the BSAP. In fact, one of the reasons why we need biodiversity is that is contributes to ecosystem services. This process was facilitated by the positive stand taken in this regards by Dr. Ashish Kothari, Kalpvriksh and Coordinator TPCG NBSAP. It was a pleasure working with the members of the Ecoregional Group who spared time despite their busy schedule for this exercise and exchanged knowledge, views and ideas enthusiastically. Western Himalayan ecoregion is fairly well documented unit because of its long history of forestry operations during the British period. Some of the first international forestry experts such as Troup and Champion worked in this region. However, issues of biodiversity management could never attain its due place and forestry remained focussed on simply the use of the forest. The progress in this area could not keep pace with the needs of conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services. While developing this report attempts were made to consider viewpoints from all stakeholder groups, such as representatives of Van Panchayats, officials of state forest departments and NGOs. That many of us have been a part of this region and closely associated with many of the issues helped us in analysing various aspects of biodiversity. The present BSAP may have many shortcomings, particularly because of time constrains as all members had to carryout their usual responsibilities while preparing the SAP. We would have liked to collect firsthand information and direct interactions especially with the people living in isolated areas. Our exercise on giving estimates of resources required for the implementation of the action plans was inadequate. In fact, NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY & ACTION PLAN WESTERN HIMALAYAN ECOREGION it required inputs from experts of concerned fields, which however, could not be available. We are aware of the fact that we have raised quite a few issues which many would find striking hard at the status quo, but we honestly feel that there is a need to address them to have some hope of protecting biodiversity despite more than a billion people and an economic policy encouraging more consumptive traits. Such issues include: payment to people of biodiversity rich areas, valuing the intangible ecosystem services and allowing it to influence national accounting, drastic restructuring of forest services so as to address the issues of biodiversity and ecosystem services effectively, and relief to women from day-to-day drudgery for effective participation and to make organically produced food a socially sustainable activity. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY & ACTION PLAN WESTERN HIMALAYAN ECOREGION Acknowledgements The author wishes to express thanks to Dr. Ashish Kothari of Kalpavriksh for his critical comments on the BSAP and inputs during various stages of its development. Dr.Virendra Sharma (DFID), Dr. Vibha Ahuja (BCIL), Dr. Seema Bhatt (Kalpavriksh) and have also contributed to our BSAP by providing their annotations from time to time. The institutional support given by Dr. P.S. Roy, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun in holding the first workshop of Western Himalayan Ecoregion Working Group, preparing and analysing remote sensed data for this work is thankfully acknowledged. Gratitude is also expressed to the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi for providing the opportunity and also the funding to this nationwide exercise of which we became a part. NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY & ACTION PLAN WESTERN HIMALAYAN ECOREGION Executive Summary The Western Himalayan Ecoregion (WHE) encompasses a wider ecological breadth than the entire Indian sub-continent because of the combined effect of the ranges it covers in altitude, latitude and moisture regime. The Eastern Himalayan region compares well with the WHE in altitude, but has a narrower range in latitude and moisture. The climate of WHE extends deeper into colder and drier parts of the gradients than that of the eastern Himalaya. Then, WHE nurses a much greater region of the plains through the services of its ecosystems than any other region, largely because of its river connections. It represents an extraordinary combination of tropical and temperate forests with the unique characters evolved within the boundaries of youthful and ever-rising mountains. WHE is one of the centres of evergreen oaks with unique ecosystem properties, hence of global significance. An evergreenness that combines characters of deciduous species is shared also by pine, maple, a fact with which the world is unfamiliar. Our pine stands are partially naked during a few weeks of summer, while throughout the world pines are known for leaves with several years (up to 12 yrs) of lifespan. In the west, maple is a symbol of deciduousness, but our maples also include evergreen species. The vast stretches of alpine meadows and snow that occur beyond the altitudes of forests represent an additional ecological dimension of the region. These are the areas where many species may migrate as global warming occurs. The young and rising Himalayan ranges are highly vulnerable to landslide and erosion. Overexploitation of natural forests for commercial purpose in the past, and ongoing degradation of medicinal plants and poaching, chronic disturbance of forests for day-to-day living of the people suffering from poverty, invasion of exotic species and inappropriate planning processes have severely stressed both the diversity and ecosystem functioning in the Western Himalaya. Important issues
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