Intcal 98: Calibration Issue
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VOLUME 40 / NUMBER 3 / 1998 Radiocarbon An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research INTCAL 98: CALIBRATION ISSUE Guest Editors Minze Stuiver Johannes van der Plicht )epartment of Geosciences he University of Arizona ..a 7 East Ft. Lowell Road t on, Arizona 85712-1201 USA ISSN: 0033-8222 RADIOCARBON An International Journal of Cosmogenic Isotope Research Editor: AUSTIN LONG Consulting Editor: A. J. T. JULL Managing Editor Emerita: RENEE S. KRA Managing Editor: DAVID R. SEWELL Assistant Editor: KIMBERLEY TANNER ELLIOT-r Published by Department of Geosciences The University of Arizona Published three times a year at The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712-1201 USA. 1998 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. All rights reserved. Subscription rate (1998): $120.00 (for institutions), $65.00 (for individuals). Foreign postage is extra. A complete price list, including Proceedings of International Conferences, special publications and 1998 subscription categories, appears in the back of this issue. Back issues may be obtained by contacting RADIOCARBON. All correspondence and manuscripts should be addressed to the Managing Editor, RADIOCARBON, Department of Geo- sciences, The University of Arizona, 4717 East Ft. Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85712-1201 USA. Tel: (520) 881-0857; Fax: (520) 881-0554; Internet: c14@radiocarbon. org Offprints. The minimum offprint order for each article will be 50 copies without covers. No offprints will be furnished free of charge unless page charges are paid (see below). Covers are also available. Page charges. For 1998, each institution sponsoring research reported in a technical paper or a date list will be asked to pay a charge of $50.00 per printed page. Institutions or authors paying such charges will be entitled to 50 free offprints without covers. No charges will be made if the author indicates that the author's institution is unable to pay, and payment of page charges for an article will, in no case, be a condition for its acceptance. Missing issues will be replaced without charge only if claim is made within three months (six months for India, New Zealand and Australia) after the publication date. Claims for missing issues will not be honored if non-delivery results from failure by the subscriber to notify the Journal of an address change. Illustrations should include explanation of symbols used. Copy that cannot be reproduced cannot be accepted. Whenever possible, reduce figures for direct publication. Line drawings should be in black India ink on white drawing board, tracing cloth, or coordinate paper printed in blue and should be accompanied by clear ozalids or reduced photographs for use by the reviewers. Photographs should be positive prints. We can also print from many computer graphics file formats; please request our guide to graphics files for details. Figures (photographs and line drawings) should be numbered consecutively through each article, using Arabic numerals. Tables may be accepted as camera-ready copy. Citations. A number of radiocarbon dates appear in publications without laboratory citation or reference to published date lists. We ask authors of research articles and date lists to include proper citation (laboratory number and date-list citation) in all publications in which radiocarbon dates appear. List of laboratories. Our comprehensive list of laboratories is published annually, and is also available on the WWW at http: / /www. radiocarbon. org / Info / labl i s t. txt. We are expanding the list to include additional laboratories and scientific agencies with whom we have established contacts. The editors welcome information on these or other scientific organizations. We ask all laboratory directors to provide their laboratory code designation, as well as current telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. Changes in names or addresses, additions or deletions should be reported to the Managing Editor. Conventional and AMS laboratories are now arranged in alphabetical order by country and we include laboratories listed by code designation. RADIOCARBON on the World Wide Web: http: / /www. radiocarbon. org/ A TRIBU 1 E L TO MINZE STUIVER .................................... e. ......... V ..... , iii A NOTE FOR NOVICES ZZLZOZ David Sewell .............................................................................. xi EDITORIAL COMMENT Minze Stuiver and Johannes van der Plicht ...................................................... xii ARTICLES INTCAL98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24,000-0 cal BP Minze Stuiver, Paula J. Reimner, Edouard Bard, J. Warren Beck, G. S. Burr, Konrad A. Hughen, Bernd Kromer, Gerry McCormac, Johannes van der Plicht and Marco Spurk ....................... 1041 Radiocarbon Calibration by Means of Mass Spectrometric 230Th/234U and 14C Ages of Corals: An Updated Database Including Samples from Barbados, Mururoa and Tahiti Edouard Bard, Maui-ice Arnold, Bruno Hamelin, Nadine Tisnerat-Laborde and Guy Cabioch .......... 1085 A High-Resolution Radiocarbon Calibration Between 11,700 and 12,400 Calendar Years BP Derived from 230Th Ages of Corals from Espiritu Santo Island, Vanuatu G. S. Burr, J. Warren Beck, F. W. Taylor Jacques Recy, R. Lawrence Edwards, Guy Cabioch, Thierry Correge, D. J. Donahue and J. M. O'Malley .......................................... 1093 Revisions and Extension of the Hohenheim Oak and Pine Chronologies: New Evidence about the Timing of the Younger Dryas/Preboreal Transition Marco Spurk, Michael Friedrich, Jutta Hofmann, Sabine Remmele, Burkhard Frenzel, Hanns HubertLeusehnerand Bernd Kromer ................................................ 1107 Revision and Tentative Extension of the Tree-Ring Based 14C Calibration, 9200-11,855 cal BP Bernd Kromer and Marco Spurk .......................................................... 1117 High-Precision Radiocarbon Age Calibration for Terrestrial and Marine Samples Minze Stuiver, Paula J. Reimer and Thomas F. Braziunas ....................................... 1127 Variations of Radiocarbon in Tree Rings: Southern Hemisphere Offset Preliminary Results F. G. McCormac, A. G. Hogg, 7: F. G. Higham, M. G. L. Baillie, J. G. Palmer, Limin Xiong, J. R. Pilcher, David Brown and S. T. Roper ................................................. 1153 RADIOCARBON UPDATES ..................................................................... 1161 CORRECTIONS ................................................................................ 1163 Cover design by M. Stuiver, P. J. Reimer and T L. Saling of the University of Washington's Quaternary Isotope Laboratory N.B. The annual List of Laboratories traditionally published in the third issue of RADIOCARBON is omitted from this issue because RADIOCARBON 39(3), containing a current list, appeared in mid-1998. Volume 41, Number 3 (1999), will contain our next published list. In the meantime, please refer to the up-to-date list on our WWW server at http://www.radiocarbon.org/Info/lablist.html. i ASSOCIATE EDITORS EDOUARD BARD Aix-en-Provence, France J. WARREN BECK Tucson, Arizona, USA OWEN K. DAVIS Tucson, Arizona, USA ELLEN R. M. DRUFFEL Irvine, California, USA DOUGLAS D. HARKNESS East Kilbride, Scotland CALVIN J. HEUSSER Tuxedo, New York, USA SHEELA KUSUMGAR Ahmedabad, India STEVEN W. LEAVITT Tucson, Arizona, USA ANN P. McNICHOL Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA ANDREW M. T. MOORE New Haven, Connecticut, USA PAVEL POVINEC Bratislava, Slovakia Monaco MICHAEL B. SCHIFFER Tucson, Arizona, USA E. MARIAN SCOTT Glasgow, Scotland JOHANNES VAN DER PLICHT Groningen, The Netherlands JOHN S. VOGEL Livermore. California, USA WEIJIAN ZHOU Xi'an, China RADIOCARBON wishes to acknowledge the generosity of the Centre for Isotope Research at the University of Groningen, The 0 0 a Netherlands, in making a donation to help subsidize the printing of this LrLJ issue. Photo courtesy of Stephen C. Porter A TRIBUTE TO MINZE STUIVER UPON HIS RETIREMENT Former Radiocarbon Editor and INTCAL98 Guest Editor Minze Stuiver retired in October 1998 as head of the Quaternary Isotope Laboratory at the University of Washington, Seattle. The renowned lab, which Minze founded 29 years ago, will close when he leaves. Throughout his long and produc- tive career, Minze's integrity and dedication to science have earned him the respect and admiration of his peers. We are pleased to present the following tributes from just a few of his many friends and colleagues. AUSTIN LONG Whether you are a relative newcomer or a veteran to either the production side or as a user of radio- carbon measurements, the comments below from Minze's colleagues will give you personal recol- lections of a scholar and also an awareness of some less overt aspects of radiocarbon dating. If you are a new reader of Radiocarbon, you may notice what the veteran readers are aware of: the sense of international community that exists among those of us in the field. The remembrances below well illustrate this. The interesting aspect of this community is that its common thread is a technology rather than a discipline. Its triennial gatherings allow archaeologists to mingle with oceanographers, chemists and physicists. Happily, these scientific interfaces often are productive, and Minze's life illustrates this. Minze began as a biophysicist, and applying his knowledge of physics and chemistry, he helped oceanographers understand oceanic upwelling and mixing, showed archaeologists how better to understand chronological uncertainties and apply corrections to their 14C dates, and was involved in