SHELDON DICK

S heldon Dic k Title from caption list. Not seen on fiche. Image available on microfilm. [Note: There are two photographs on the LC website: LC- USF--B; LC-USF--A, which are designat- Arendtsville Vicinity ed “[Untitled]” with “No digital image available.”No caption [Note: Arendtsville misspelled in some captions as Arentsville.] list information is available. These numbers were not seen on A round barn of Sheely farm, Arendtsville (vicinity), Adams fiche. Within the context of other Dick photographs and County, July . numbers, these may be his photographs, but it is difficult to LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC- determine this.] USF--D. Fiche no. . Photograph of Sheldon Dick: Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . [Sheldon Dick, Farm Security Administration photographer, half- length portrait, holding camera, facing front.] May , . Barto, Barto Vicinity Photograph by Janina Lester. LC-USZ-. Barn on the farm of Thomas G. Evans,an FSA (Farm Security Administration) client, Barto, Berks County, August . Amity Hall LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Billboard advertising Amity Hall Fiche no. . See “Pennsylvania bill board advertising Amity Hall” Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel .

[Interior of men’s living quarters]? Barn on the road between Thomas G. Evans farm, Barto, Berks LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Co., and Reading, . Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or LC website: LC-USF--M. microfilm. Fiche no. : indeterminate numbering. Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . Interior of the men’s wash room at Amity Hall, Harrisburg (vicini- Note: Title with same numbering from caption list. LC title: ty), May . “Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Rural Scene.”LC indicates LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. no digital image available. Original negative missing.LC also Fiche no. . indicates that corresponding prints are available on Lots , Microfilm: Lot , Reel . , and .Both Fiche no.  and Lots , , and  have matching photographs of the front of a barn with hex Pennsylvania bill board advertising Amity Hall, Harrisburg (vicini- symbols and horses painted on it and chickens on the ground ty), Summer . in front of the barn. There is no information provided on any LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. of these photographs. The photograph in Fiche no.  does Fiche no. . indicate that it is mounted on temporary board, and tempo- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . rary information is on the verso, but this information is not LC website: LC-USF--D. provided in the fiche copy. With the photograph in Lots  Note: Fiche title:“Billboard advertising Amity Hall.” and , following the photograph, there is what may be the reverse, with an indication:“D. Photo Mount, Department Sign near Amity Hall, near Harrisbug, . of Agriculture, Farm Security Administration.”Lot  is LC website: LC-USF--M. photographs of Sheldon Dick taken in Adams, Berks, and Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Lancaster Counties. Lots  and  have the barn included Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative missing. as part of exhibitions mounted or considered on particular LC website indicates “Lancaster County or vicinity, subjects.Photographs in those Lots are by different photogra- Pennsylvania. Various uncaptioned rural scenes,signs, etc.” phers all over the country, including Pennsylvania. John

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 119 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Collier and Edwin Locke also took photographs of barns with Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Original negative is hex symbols, but they are different barns. missing.Image available in fiche and microfilm.

[Cattle in barn on the farm of Thomas G. Evans, Barto, Berks The Evans family at supper on the farm of Thomas G. Evans, an County]? FSA (Farm Security Administration) client, Barto, Berks LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. County, August . Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. microfilm. Photograph and numbering within context of Fiche no. . other Evans photographs. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Corn crib on the farm of Thomas G. Evans, an FSA client, Barto, [Fence on the farm of Thomas G. Evans]? Berks County, August . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no.  :LC-USF--M. Note:No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Microfilm: Lot , Reel . microfilm.Photograph would appear to be part of the Evans Note: No indication of photograph in LC website. series.

A desk in a dentist’s office, Barto or Maytown? ? Gate on the farm of Thomas G. Evans, an FSA client, Barto, Berks LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. County, August . Note: No caption list information available. Title taken from LC LC website: LC-USF--M. website. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. Photograph is in Fiche no. . series between those taken in Barto and Maytown, and it is Microfilm: Lot , Reel . difficult to determine location. LC website does not indicate Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. place, but does indicate that photograph is taken by Dick, Image available in fiche and microfilm. LC website misspells with date indicated as ? Barto as Barton.

Dick Evans, Thomas Evans’ elder son, Barto, Berks County, [Horses in corral on the farm of Thomas G. Evans]? August . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Note: Title taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche or micro- microfilm. Photograph would appear to be part of the Evans film. series.

Dick Evans throwing chaff out of the Evans’ barn, Barto, Berks [Interior of a barn] Barto or Maytown? County, August . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. c :LC-USF--D. Note: Title taken from caption list. LC website indicates untitled. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Not seen on fiche. Another photograph, which might be a microfilm. Photographs taken in series between those taken in closer view, is available on Lot , Reel .This photograph Barto and Maytown, and it is difficult to determine where is untitled, with no other information. Not seen on fiche. they were taken. No other information available from website.

Dutch farm wagon on the farm of Thomas G. Evans, an FSA client, Milking on the farm of Thomas G. Evans, an FSA (Farm Security Barto, Berks County, August . Administration) client, Barto, Berks County, August . LC website: LC-USF--M. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 120 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Evans, clients of the FSA (Farm Security Fiche no. . Administration) threshing in the barn of their farm, Barto, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Berks County, August . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF-. Mrs. Thomas Evans’ preserves in the cellar on the farm of Thomas Fiche no. . Evans, an FSA (Farm Security Administration) client, Barto, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Berks County, August . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Mrs. Springer and Thomas Evans’ enchanted ducks Fiche no. . See “Mrs. Springer with a flock of geese, on the farm of Thomas Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Evans, a Farm Security Administration client” Mrs. Thomas Evans with her jellies which are kept on a hanging Mrs. Springer, Mrs. Evans’ grandmother, in the living room on the shelf to keep the bugs off of them, on the farm of Thomas Evans, farm of Thomas G. Evans, an FSA (Farm Security an FSA (Farm Security Administration) client, Barto, Berks Administration) client, Barto, Berks County, August . County, August . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Mrs. Springer, Mrs. Evans’ grandmother, on the front porch, on the The pump on the farm of Thomas G. Evans, an FSA client, Barto, farm of Thomas G. Evans,an FSA (Farm Security Berks County, August . Administration) client, Barto, Berks County, August . LC website: LC-USF--M. LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: Fiche no. . fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. : titled photograph. Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Image available in fiche and microfilm.

Mrs. Springer with a flock of geese, on the farm of Thomas Evans, a Thomas G. Evans, an FSA (Farm Security Administration) client, Farm Security Administration client, Barto, Berks County, Barto, Berks County, August . August . LC website: LC-USF--M. LC website: LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative missing. Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. Image available in fiche and microfilm. LC website misspells Image available on fiche and microfilm. LC website also indi- Barto as Barton. cates another photograph with same number (-M), with title “Dutch wagon on the farm of Thomas G. Evans.” Thomas Evans, an FSA (Farm Security Administration) client, giv- See that entry, which has the number -M.Caption list ing a violin lesson to one of the neighbor’s boys, Barto, Berks also indicates title for -M: “Mrs. Springer and Thomas County, August . Evans’ enchanted ducks.” LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Mrs. Thomas Evans in the kitchen on the farm of Thomas G. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Evans, an FSA (Farm Security Administration) client, Barto, Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Berks County, August . Note: Caption list indicates same title for -D; LC website LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. indicates that -D is untitled. Not seen on fiche or micro- film.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 121 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Thomas Evans, an FSA (Farm Security Administration) client, Udder of a milk cow on the farm of Thomas G. Evans, an FSA waiting for dinner, Barto, Berks County, August . client, Barto, Berks County, August . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. [Thomas G. Evans’ daughter]? Image available in fiche and microfilm. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available. Not seen on fiche or Birdsboro Vicinity microfilm. The same girl appears to be in “The Evans Family [Abandoned buildings] Birdsboro? at supper on the farm of Thomas G. Evans.” See that entry. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available. Not seen on fiche. [Thomas G. Evans family dog]? Difficult to determine whether the photograph was taken in LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Lititz vicinity or Birdsboro vicinity. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Appears to be related to the photograph “[Thomas Approach to Dallas Glass farm, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County. G. Evans’ daughter].” See that entry. M. Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, [Thomas G.] Evans farm, Barto, Berks County. Joseph Evans. microfilm, or LC website. August . M. Note: Not seen on fiche,microfilm, or LC website. Title and The barn on the farm of FSA client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro numbering from caption list. (vicinity), August . LC website: LC-USF--M. Thomas G. Evans farm, Barto, Berks County. Mrs. Springer, Mrs. Fiche no. . Evans’ grandmother. August . M; M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Title and Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. numbering from caption list. Image available in fiche and microfilm.

Thomas G. Evans farm, Barto, Berks County, threshing. August Car being used as a power plant for the saw rig on the farm of FSA . M. client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, Note: Not seen on fiche,microfilm, or LC website. Title and August . numbering from caption list. Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . Thomas Evans’ house with Mrs. Springer on the front porch, Barto, Note: Photograph not seen on LC website. Image available on Berks County, August . fiche and microfilm. See also “Home-made tractor on the LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. farm of FSA (Farm Security Administration) client Dallas E. Note: Title taken from caption list. LC website indicates untitled; Glass.” not seen on fiche or microfilm. Cold cellar opening onto the wall on the farm of FSA (Farm Threshing on the farm of Thomas G. Evans, an FSA (Farm Security Security Administration) client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro Administration) client, Barto, Berks County, August . (vicinity), Berks County, August . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 122 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

The cold cellar. The well can be seen in back, Birdsboro (vicinity), Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. Berks County, August . M. Image available in fiche and microfilm. Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Glass with the saw rig. With this he cuts his fire wood and some lumber Corn field, Glass farm, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August See “The saw rig which cuts the fire wood, and some lumber on . M. the farm of FSA client Dallas E. Glass” Note: Title and numbering taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Glass’s horses, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August . M. Dallas Glass, an FSA client, building his house on his farm, Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August . microfilm, or LC website. Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Goat and chickens cleaning up after lunch on the farm of Note: Photograph not indicated on LC website. Caption list indi- FSA client Dallas Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, cates original title:“Dallas Glass an FSA client building his August . house on his farm. He bought the lumber from the owner of Fiche no.  :LC-USF--M. a barn that was being torn down, and he does much of the Microfilm: Lot , Reel . work on his house at night. He hopes to have it finished by Note: Photograph not indicated on LC website. Image available the fall of .” on fiche and microfilm.

Dallas Glass cultivating late sweet corn. M; M. Hay-loft which was used as living quarters last winter, on the farm Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Two views. Not seen of FSA client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. August . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Dallas Glass farm, Berks Co. Glass cleared this pasture of saplings Fiche no. :LC-USF--M;LC-USF--D. to make his hog pen, Birdsboro (vicinity), August . Microfilm: -M:Lot , Reel . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: Title from fiche. Microfilm for -D has title “Hay-loft Note: Title taken from caption list. LC website indicates untitled; where the Dallas Douglas [sic?—i.e.,Glass] family lived dur- not seen on fiche or microfilm. ing the winter of –.” LC and caption list title for -D:“Hayloft where the Dallas Douglas family lived dur- Edward and Doris Glass taking their afternoon nap in the ing the winter of –.” Caption list for -M: “Hay- hay-loft on the farm of FSA (Farm Security Administration) loft which was used as living quarters last winter.” Caption list client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, indicates another version, -M, not seen on fiche, August . microfilm, or LC website. -M not seen on LC website. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Home-made hog pen on the farm of FSA (Farm Security Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Administration) client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August . Edward Glass, son of Dallas E. Glass, an FSA client, Birdsboro LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: (vicinity), Berks County, August . fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: LC-USF--M. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen on fiche or microfilm.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 123 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Home-made tractor on the farm of FSA (Farm Security Mrs. Glass, Doris, and Glass’s sister-in-law, in front of the cook Administration) client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), house on the farm of FSA Client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro Berks County, August . (vicinity), Berks County, August . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: See also “Car being used as a power plant for the saw rig on Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. the farm of FSA client Dallas E. Glass.” Image available in fiche and microfilm.

Horse stalls in Dallas Glass barn, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks Mrs. Verna Glass and nephew Roy, in front of the cook house. The County, August . well is also shown. The family has been living in the barn hay- LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. loft or out of doors, and all cooking and washing is done here, Note: Title taken from caption list. LC website indicates untitled; Birdsboro (vincity), Berks County, August . M. not seen on fiche or microfilm. Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. [Interior of barn on the farm of Dallas E. Glass]? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. North end of the barn which is used as a chicken house on the barn Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen of FSA (Farm Security Administration) client Dallas E. Glass, on fiche or microfilm. Birdsboro (vicinity), August . LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: The interior of the cook house [on the farm of FSA client Dallas E. fsa c :LC-USF--D. Glass]. M. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. microfilm, or LC website. Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen on fiche or microfilm. The interior of the out-house on the farm of FSA client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August . On the farm of FSA (Farm Security Administration) client Dallas Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: Note: Photograph not indicated on LC website. Image available fsa c :LC-USF--D. on fiche and microfilm. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Mile stone on the Philadelphia-Reading Pike at side road leading to Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen Dallas Glass farm, an FSA client, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks on fiche or microfilm. County, August . LC website: LC-USF--M. The outhouse on the farm of FSA client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro Fiche no. :No call number provided. (vicinity), Berks County, August . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. Note: LC indicates Lancaster County or vicinity, Pennsylvania, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . with call number. No digital image available.Original nega- Note: Photograph not indicated on LC website. Image available tive missing.Title and other information from caption list: on fiche and microfilm. -M. Fiche and microfilm provide image, but no other information. Milestone indicates “To Phila.,  Mls.” Road sign, Berks County, August . M. Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Microfilm Lot , Reel , has a photograph of a road sign: “Quiet Please, Repair

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 124 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

‘Tires’At Flood Lite, Across Road.”There is no other informa- The well and cook house on the farm of FSA client Dallas E. Glass, tion on microfilm photograph. Not seen on fiche or LC web- Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August . site. This may be the photograph referred to in the caption Fiche no.  :LC-USF--M. list, as Lot , Reel , are photographs that Dick took in Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Adams, Berks, and Lancaster Counties. Not seen on fiche or Note: Photograph not indicated on LC website. LC website. The well on the farm of FSA client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro The saw rig which cuts the fire wood, and some lumber on the farm (vicinity), Berks County, August . of FSA client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, LC website: LC-USF--M. August . Fiche no. . Fiche no.  :LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. Note: Photograph not indicated on LC website. Caption list indi- Image available in fiche and microfilm. cates original title: “Glass with the saw rig.With this he cuts his fire wood and some lumber.” Some of the words in the Churchtown Vicinity caption list are then crossed out to indicate the fiche title: Corn shock, Churchtown (vicinity), Lancaster County, . “The saw rig which cuts the fire wood. . . .” LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Sewing machine in the hay-loft on the farm of FSA (Farm Security Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Administration) client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August . Corn shocks in a field, Churchtown (vicinity), Lancaster LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. County, . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Shelter constructed in front of cook [end of title?] Glass farm, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Birdsboro, Berks County, August . M. Note: Title and number from caption list. Not seen on fiche, Tobacco drying in a field, Churchtown (vicinity), . microfilm, or LC website. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . South end of the barn, used as a cow stable on the farm of FSA Microfilm: Lot , Reel . client Dallas E. Glass, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August . Tobacco hanging in a barn, Churchtown (vicinity), Lancaster LC website: LC-USF--M. County, . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . USF--D. Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. Fiche no. . Image available in fiche and microfilm. Caption list indicates Microfilm: Lot , Reel . two images: -M and M, with same title; M not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Ephrata [Amish and Mennonites at the farmer’s market] Ephrata, . Sudan grass, Glass farm, Birdsboro (vicinity), Berks County, August LC website: LC-USF--M-M ( numbers only). . M. Fiche no. :LC-USF--M(?) ( views). Note: Title and number taken from caption list. Not seen on Fiche no. : -(?); (?). fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : Photographs in Fiche no.  and .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 125 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Note: Three photographs. No title or other information on fiche Sign in front of farmer’s market store, Ephrata, Lancaster Co., or microfilm. Caption list indicates a number of photographs (?) taken in Ephrata, with title “Weekly Farm Market.”LC titles: Fiche no. :Call number indeterminate. “Lancaster County or vicinity”;“Lancaster County or vicinity. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Gathering of village people.”LC website indicates for these Note: Caption list indicates -M, with title “Sign in front of photographs: No digital image available. Original negative Farmers’ Market, Ephrata,” and -M, with title “Sign at missing.Images are available on fiche and microfilm. the weekly farm market, Ephrata.”This photograph may be Photographs are included in microfilm Lot , Reel , indicated on LC website as “Lancaster County or vicinity.” No which are Sheldon Dick photographs taken in Adams, Berks, digital image available. Original negative missing.Image avail- and Lancaster Counties. Fiche photographs have mounted on able on fiche and microfilm. No other information available front that temporary captions are on the reverse. These are from fiche and microfilm. Lot  is photographs by Sheldon not indicated on fiche edition, but may be available for these Dick. prints housed in the Library of Congress. Weekly farm market, Ephrata,  Cow auction, Ephrata, . See “[Amish and Mennonites at the farmer’s market]” Fiche no. :Call number indeterminate. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Gilberton Note: Title from caption list, which also indicates numbers as (see also Shenandoah: Maple Hill Mine series) M; M.Not seen on LC website. Two images A barroom, Gilberton, ? available on fiche and microfilm. No other information avail- LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. able from fiche and microfilm. Lot  is photographs by Fiche no. . Sheldon Dick. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Ephrata Farm Supply Company, Inc., Ephrata, . A bedroom in Francis Ploppert’s house, Gilberton, ? Fiche no. : Negative no. -ME(?). LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Note: Title from photograph. Date and photographer not identi- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . fied. Not seen on LC website. Caption list indicates “Farm Note: See also “Corner of a room in Francis Ploppert’s house.” Supply Company, Ephrata, Lancaster Co. M.” Microfilm Lot  is photographs by Sheldon Dick. Image available on [Belts carrying crushed rock, St. Nicholas Breaker]? fiche and microfilm, but no other information available from LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. those sources. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Title assumed from other photographs of the St. Gathering of people in a village street Nicholas Breaker in this numbering sequence. See “[Amish and Mennonites at the farmer’s market]” The bottom of the cone vat of a chance coal separator in the St. [Herding cattle for auction] Ephrata? Nicholas Breaker, one of the two largest coal breakers in the LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa world, Gilberton, ? a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Fiche no. . LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available. Place is assumed from other caption list information for -M, etc., which A car of coal, straight from the Maple Hill Mine near Shenandoah, indicates “Cow auction activity in Ephrata.”Not seen on fiche being dumped into the St. Nicholas Breaker, Gilberton, ? or microfilm. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC- USF--D.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 126 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Fiche no. . Corner of a room in Francis Ploppert’s house, Gilberton, ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: LC for -D also indicates in title: “one of the two Fiche no. . largest in the world.” Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: See also “A bedroom in Francis Ploppert’s house.” Cars loaded with coal near the St. Nicholas Breaker, Gilberton, ? Interior of Marcella Urban’s house, showing walls from which the LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. plaster has fallen, Gilberton, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . USF--D. Note: Fiche indicates place as Gilberton. LC indicates place as Fiche no. . Shenandoah. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

A chance coal separator in operation in the St. Nicholas Breaker. Marcella Urban and a friend, Gilberton, ? The conveyer vat filled with sand and water and kept in solution LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. by agitation causes the coal to float above rock, allowing the rock Fiche no. . to be taken from the bottom of the cone. Bits of timber and other Microfilm: Lot , Reel . debris float on top and are skimmed off, Gilberton, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Marcella Urban’s house, Gilberton, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Coal on a grate-conveyer in the St. Nicholas Breaker, being washed, Gilberton, ? Men at a bar, Gilberton, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Coal on the grate in the St. Nicholas Breaker, Gilberton, ? A miner in a bar room, Gilberton, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: Fiche no. . fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. A company inspector examining coal on a car loading belt at the Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen St. Nicholas Breaker, one of the two largest coal breakers in the on fiche or microfilm. world, Gilberton, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Richard Evans,in a bar room, exhibiting a testimonial to his uncle Fiche no. . who saved some G-Men from a gas explosion and was killed, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . January , , in a Gilberton colliery, Gilberton, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. [Conveyer belt, St. Nicholas Breaker]? Fiche no. . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note:No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Title assumed from other photographs of the St. A rock crusher at the St. Nicholas Breaker, one of the two largest Nicholas Breaker in this numbering series. coal breakers in the world, Gilberton, ?

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 127 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. The bathroom in the house of Enos Royer Fiche no. . See Royer Family series Microfilm: Lot , Reel . A bedroom in the house on the Enos Royer farm A side view of the cone of a chance coal separator in the St. See Royer Family series Nicholas Breaker, Gilberton, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. The best grade of steers hanging in the refrigerator at the Kunzler Fiche no. . slaughter house Microfilm: Lot , Reel . See Kunzler Slaughter House series

A water cleaning tank at the St. Nicholas Breaker. The silt settles A bookcase in the living room of the house on the Enos Royer farm and is pumped off, Gilberton, ? See Royer Family series LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . A cabinet in the kitchen of the house on the Enos Royer farm Microfilm: Lot , Reel . See Royer Family series

Harrisburg Vicinity Canned goods for an emergency on the Enos Royer farm (see Amity Hall) See Royer Family series

Lancaster, Lancaster County [Cemetery] Lancaster County? [Amish or Mennonite women standing on a street corner] LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: fsa a–fsa ca: [Untitled] LC-USF- Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or -M–M. microfilm. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Chicken house on the Enos Royer farm See Royer Family series Baking hams at the Kunzler slaughter house See Kunzler Slaughter House series [Chicken houses with bug gy] LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Barn near Lancaster, advertising the country fair,Lancaster Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- County, May . film. LC website: LC-USF--M. Fiche no. :Call number indeterminate. Children in Martha Royer’s school Microfilm: Lot , Reel . See Royer Family series Note: Title from caption list, which indicates -M.LC: No digital image available. Original negative missing.LC website The children in Martha Royer’s school singing the “Star Spangled indicates title as “Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, or vicinity.” Banner.” Notice the Amish boy on the extreme left No information provided on fiche or microfilm with regard See Royer Family series to title or numbering.The image on fiche and microfilm, which depicts the ads on the barn, indicates “Worlds Children in the school house in which Martha Royer teaches Exposition Shows, American Legion, Lancaster, Week Aug. .” See Royer Family series Lot  is photographs by Sheldon Dick. Children ringing the school bell at the school house in which The barn on the Enos Royer farm Martha Royer teaches See Royer Family series See Royer Family series

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 128 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Children singing in Martha Royer’s school house -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : See Royer Family series LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- The china cabinet in the dining room of the house on the Enos -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Royer farm LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa See Royer Family series a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Cleaving a bull at the Kunzler Slaughter House LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa See Kunzler Slaughter House series a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : [Clothing on display in a Sears Department Store window] LC-USF--M. Lancaster? Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. microfilm. Note: Title from photograph. No caption list information avail- able; not seen on fiche or microfilm. [Cows grazing in a field with farm buildings in the background] Lancaster County? [Conestoga National Bank] Lancaster? LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Note: Title taken from photograph. No caption list information -M. available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. A corn field, Lancaster County, July . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--B. The dining room at the farm of Enos Royer Fiche no. . See Royer Family series Microfilm: Lot , Reel : -D. [Document enclosed in the frame of the Lancaster newspaper hang- Corn field and rail fence, Lancaster County, Summer . ing on a wall] LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Note: Title taken from photograph. No caption list information Microfilm: Lot , Reel . available; not seen on fiche or microfilm.

Country fair,Lancaster County, sponsored by the American Legion. Dressed bulls at the Kunzler slaughter house . M, M; M, M, M; M, M, M; See Kunzler Slaughter House series M. Note: Information from caption list. Caption list indicates differ- The egg grader in the chicken house on the Enos Royer farm ent subtitles:“Entrance to the Fair”; “Gypsies”;“Midgets”; See Royer Family series “Scene Painter”; “Trained Monkey and Audience.”These views not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Microfilm, Lot Eggs stored in the chicken house on the Enos Royer Farm , Reel , has three photographs of sideshow activity but See Royer Family series not related to caption list information. Lot  is photo- graphs by Sheldon Dick. Photographs in Lot  not seen on Eggs, which have been graded for shipment, stored in the chicken fiche or LC website. house on the Enos Royer farm See Royer Family series [County/Country fair: various scenes] Lancaster County? LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Eggs on the homemade moisturater in the cellar of the chicken a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- house on the Enos Royer farm

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 129 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

See Royer Family series -D; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c : LC-USF--D. Enos and Herbert Royer and a Philadelphia poultry buyer Note: No caption list information available for  series. loading chickens Caption list indicates  series “killed.”No digital image See Royer Family series available for LC-USF--D.These photographs not seen on fiche or microfilm. Enos Royer . .. See Royer Family series [Farm stand] Lancaster County? LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. [Farm buildings] Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa microfilm. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : [Farmer] LC-USF--M; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF- c :LC-USF--D. D; fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- Note: No caption list information available for M–M; film. caption list indicates -D, -D, -D, -D “killed.”These photographs not seen on fiche or microfilm. A farmer at work, Lancaster County, July . LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: [Farm houses] fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF- LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa -D; fsa c :LC-USF--D. c:LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF- Fiche no. : titled photograph. -D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Note: Caption list indicates untitled photographs “killed”; not NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : titled photo- seen on fiche or microfilm. graph. Note: Caption list indicates untitled photographs “killed”; not [Farm scenes and activities] Lancaster County? seen on fiche, microfilm, or NYPL. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF- [Farmer plowing] -D; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c : LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- film. -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa [Farmer standing in field] a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Note:Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa film. a :LC-USF--M; fsa c :LC-USF- -D; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c : [Farmers market. Various scenes] Lancaster County? LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF- a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -D; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c : -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF- a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF-- M; fsa a :LC-USF--M.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 130 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Note: No caption list information available. Not seen on fiche or Herbert Royer . .. microfilm. -M has title “A market in New York City(?).” See Royer Family series This is probably incorrect, as Sheldon Dick’s Pennsylvania photographs are in a  series, and his New York photo- The home garden on the farm of Enos Royer graphs are in a  series. See Royer Family series

[Farmers and workers loading produce on to a truck] Lancaster [Hotel Lancaster] Lancaster? County? LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Note: Title taken from photograph. No caption list information a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC-USF--M. [Interior of Enos Royer’s barn]? Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or See Royer Family series microfilm. [J. M. Hober, Inc. cattle business]? Lancaster? [Field on a farm] LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--B. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : microfilm. LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Floyd Moore, Lancaster County, July . -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: Title taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche or micro- Note:No caption list information available. Title taken in part film. from photographs. Not seen on fiche or microfilm.

The furnace on the Enos Royer farm Kunzler Slaughter House series See Royer Family series Baking hams at the Kunzler slaughter house, Lancaster County, (?) The grain bin on the farm of Enos Royer LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. See Royer Family series Fiche no. . Note: Title taken from fiche. Hay in the barn on the Enos Royer farm See Royer Family series The best grade of steers hanging in the refrigerator at the Kunzler slaughter house, Lancaster County, . The heating plant for the chicken house, and a moisturater to keep LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. the eggs fresh on the Enos Royer farm Fiche no. . See Royer Family series Note: Title taken from fiche.

Henry Landis in his father’s tobacco field, Lancaster County, Cleaving a bull at the Kunzler slaughter house, Lancaster, ? July . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--B. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Note: Title from fiche. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Dressed bulls at the Kunzler slaughter house, Lancaster, ? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 131 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Fiche no. . A rear view of the Kunzler Packing Company, Lancaster, (?). Note: Title from fiche. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Making Philadelphia scrapple at the Kunzler slaughter house, Note: Title from fiche. Lancaster, ? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Sausages about to be stamped at the Kunzler slaughter house, Fiche no. . Lancaster, ? Note: Title from fiche. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Men dressing pigs at the Kunzler Slaughter House, Note: Title from fiche. Lancaster, (?). LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Scorching the hair off a pig before dressing it at the Kunzler slaugh- Fiche no. . ter house, Lancaster, ? Note: Caption list indicates “Dressing pigs.”LC indicates untitled LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa photograph.Title from fiche. c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Men skinning a bull at the Kunzler slaughter house. Lancaster Note: Title from fiche. County, ? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. [Shooting a steer at the Kunzler slaughter house]? Fiche no. . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: Title from fiche. Caption list information not available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Men skinning a bull at the Kunzler slaughter house. A second bull which has just been shot is hanging to bleed, Lancaster County, Skinning a steer at the Kunzler slaughter house, Lancaster, ? ? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Note: Title from fiche. Note: LC indicates untitled photograph. Title from fiche. Stamping pigs with the board of health stamp after they have been A pig ready to be scorched and dressed after washing at the Kunzler dressed at the Kunzler slaughter house, Lancaster, ? slaughter house, Lancaster, ? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Note: Title from fiche. Note: Title from fiche. A state meat inspector inspecting a bowl full of innards at the Pigs’ heads at the Kunzler slaughter house, Lancaster, ? Kunzler slaughter house, Lancaster, ? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Note: Title from fiche. Note: Title from fiche.

Preparing to dress a pig at the Kunzler slaughter house, A state meat inspector inspecting liver at the Kunzler slaughter Lancaster, ? house, Lancaster County, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Note: Title from fiche.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 132 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Note: Title from fiche. The word “state” in inserted in pencil in Difficult to determine who person is and location, but photo- caption title on fiche. Caption list title:“Meat Inspector with graph is in a series of others taken in various areas of the liver of a bull.” Lancaster County.

Steers in the refrigerator at the Kunzler slaughter house, Martha Royer Lancaster, ? See Royer Family series LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Men dressing pigs Note: Title from fiche. See Kunzler Slaughter House series

Tank in which pigs are washed after having been slaughtered, Men skinning a bull Lancaster, ? See Kunzler Slaughter House series LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Men who have come to help Royer fill his silo Note: Title from fiche. See Royer Family series

Tying up sausages at the Kunzler slaughter house, Lancaster ? [Milton H. Ranck Leaf Tobacco building] Lancaster, ? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Note: Title taken from photograph. No caption list information Note: Title from fiche. available. Not seen on fiche. Lancaster phone directory of June ,June  confirms location. The Milton Ranck Leaf Washing a pig which has just been slaughtered at the Kunzler Tobacco Building also appears in other photographs, includ- slaughter house, Lancaster, ? ing some of the Marjory Collins photographs of the Armistice LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Day Parade in Lancaster. Fiche no. . Note: Title from fiche. Moore, Floyd See “Floyd Moore”; “A tobacco field of Floyd H. Moore” [Livestock commodities office]? Lancaster? LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Mr. and Mrs. Royer . .. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF-- See Royer Family series M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC- USF--M. Mrs. Royer . .. Note: Title taken from photographs. No caption list information See Royer Family series available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. One of the hired men on the Enos Royer farm painting a window The living room at the farm of Enos Royer sash for the chicken house See Royer Family series See Royer Family series

Making Philadelphia scrapple at the Kunzler slaughter house One of the horses on the Enos Royer farm See Kunzler Slaughter House series See Royer Family series

[Man sitting in arm chair in den]? Lancaster County? [One room school house]? Lancaster County? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Note: No caption list information available. Not seen on fiche. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Photograph may be related to “[Woman sitting on couch].”

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 133 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

-M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : The pressure pump in the cellar of the farm house on the Enos LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. Royer farm Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or See Royer Family series microfilm. Pupils in one room school taught by Martha Royer The one room school house where Martha Royer teaches school See Royer Family series See Royer Family series A rear view of the Kunzler Packing Company An over all view of the Enos Royer farm See Kunzler Slaughter House series See Royer Family series [Religious sign by side of road] Lancaster County? Pennsylvania barn, Lancaster County, . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Microfilm: Lot , Reel . microfilm. Note: LC: No digital image available. Not seen on fiche. Image available on microfilm. LC website title:“Lancaster County, or [Religious sign on top of building] Lancaster? vicinity, Pennsylvania, rural scene.” LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or A pig ready to be scorched and dressed after washing at the Kunzler microfilm. slaughter house See Kunzler Slaughter House series Road sign, Lancaster County, . LC website: LC-USF--M. Pigs’ heads at the Kunzler slaughter house. Fiche no. . See Kunzler Slaughter House series Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Original negative is A portion of the living room in the house of the farm of Enos Royer missing.Image available on fiche and microfilm. See Royer Family series Royer Family series The potato bin on the Enos Royer farm The barn on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . See Royer Family series LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Potatoes and hay in the barn on the Enos Royer farm Microfilm: Lot , Reel . See Royer Family series The bathroom in the house of Enos Royer, Lancaster County, . Potatoes ready for market in the potato cellar on the Enos LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Royer farm Fiche no. . See Royer Family series Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Cited in Just Before the War, no. , but no photograph in Poultry buyer’s Negro truck driver loading the truck on the Enos catalog. Royer farm See Royer Family series A bedroom in the house on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Preparing to dress a pig at the Kunzler slaughter house Fiche no. . See Kunzler Slaughter House series Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 134 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

A bookcase in the living room of the house on the Enos Royer farm, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Lancaster County, . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Children singing in Martha Royer’s school house, Lancaster County, ? A cabinet in the kitchen of the house on the Enos Royer farm, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Lancaster County, . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . The china cabinet in the dining room of the house on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . Canned goods for an emergency on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. County, . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . The dining room at the farm of Enos Royer, Lancaster County, ? Chicken house on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . The egg grader in the chicken house on the Enos Royer farm, Children in Martha Royer’s school, Lancaster County, ? Lancaster County, . LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen Eggs stored in the chicken house on the Enos Royer Farm. The pails on fiche or microfilm. have screen bottoms and there is wet peat moss in the trough under them, Lancaster County, . The children in Martha Royer’s school singing the “Star Spangled LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Banner.” Notice the Amish boy on the extreme left, Lancaster Fiche no. . County, ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Eggs, which have been graded for shipment, stored in the chicken Microfilm: Lot , Reel . house on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Children in the school house in which Martha Royer teaches, Fiche no. . Lancaster County, ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Eggs on the homemade moisturater in the cellar of the chicken Microfilm: Lot , Reel . house on the Enos Royer farm. A long box contains a tray of water, upright pieces of blotting paper which act as wicks, and a Children ringing the school bell at the school house in which fan which forces air into one end of the box and up through Martha Royer teaches, Lancaster County, ? holes on the top of the box, into the screen-bottom pails which

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 135 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

contain the eggs. The eggs go to market twice a week, Lancaster Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen County, . on fiche or microfilm. Fiche title:“Mrs. Royer milking on the LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Enos Royer Farm.” Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Enos Royer having an altercation with a poultry buyer on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . Enos and Herbert Royer and a Philadelphia poultry buyer loading LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. chickens, Lancaster County, . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Enos Royer’s bureau and clothes rack in the house on his farm, Lancaster, ? Enos and Herbert Royer and the farm hands having dinner on the LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. farm of Enos Royer. Three of the men are his hired hands, and Fiche no. . the rest have come to help fill the silo,Lancaster County, ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC- USF--D. Enos Royer’s desk in the dining room of the house on his farm, Fiche no. . Lancaster County, ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: Slight variation in fiche and microfilm title. LC-USF- Fiche no. . -D has title “Enos Royer and his hired hands having Microfilm: Lot , Reel . dinner on the Enos Royer Farm.” Enos Royer weighing a crate of chickens on his farm for a Enos Royer after an argument with a poultry buyer on his farm, Philadelphia poultry buyer. There was a row between him and Lancaster County, . Royer as to how many sick chickens he could throw out of the lot LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. he had agreed to buy. Royer won the day, and twelve sick chick- Fiche no. . ens have found their way to the consumer, Lancaster County, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Enos Royer and the poultry buyer figuring the cost of chickens by Fiche no. . weight. The chickens brought  / cents per pound, Lancaster Microfilm: Lot , Reel . County, . LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--D.Untitled: The furnace on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . fsa a :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen on fiche or microfilm. The grain bin on the farm of Enos Royer, Lancaster County, ? Enos Royer farm. Mrs. Royer milking. Lancaster County, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c Fiche no. . :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. : titled photographs. Hay in the barn on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 136 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Microfilm: Lot , Reel . [Interior of Enos Royer’s barn]? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. The heating plant for the chicken house, and a moisturater to keep Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or the eggs fresh on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . microfilm. Photograph is included with others of Enos LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Royer’s farm. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . The living room at the farm of Enos Royer, Lancaster, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Herbert Royer collecting the eggs on the Royer farm, Lancaster Fiche no. . County, . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . [Martha Royer at the kitchen sink]? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Herbert Royer feeding the chickens on the Enos Royer farm, microfilm. Lancaster County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Martha Royer playing the piano on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster Fiche no. . County, . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Herbert Royer gathering the eggs on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster Microfilm: Lot , Reel . County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Martha Royer teaching school, Lancaster County, . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Herbert Royer grading eggs on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . Martha Royer teaching two first graders in a one room school, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Lancaster County, . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Herbert Royer’s -H Club steer on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . Martha Royer teaching two first graders in her one room school LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. house. There are  pupils in the school and the grades run from Fiche no. . first, to second year high school. The little girl on the right comes Microfilm: Lot , Reel . from an Amish family, Lancaster County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. The home garden on the farm of Enos Royer, Lancaster Fiche no. . County, ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Men who have come to help Royer fill his silo, washing up on the Microfilm: Lot , Reel . back porch of the house on the Enos Royer farm before dinner, Lancaster County, ?

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 137 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Mr. and Mrs. Royer’s bed on the farm of Enos Royer, Lancaster Mrs. Royer’s bureau in the house on the farm of Enos Royer, County, ? Lancaster, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Mrs. Royer, Lancaster County, . Mrs. Royer’s clothes closet in the house on the Enos Royer farm, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Lancaster County, . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Mrs. Royer churning butter on the back porch on the farm of Enos Royer, Lancaster County, ? One of the hired men on the Enos Royer farm painting a window LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. sash for the chicken house. It is cheaper to buy sashes unpainted Fiche no. . than it is to make them, Lancaster County, . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Mrs. Royer making Martha Royer’s bed on the Enos Royer farm, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Lancaster County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. One of the horses on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Mrs. Royer peeling potatoes on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . The one room school house where Martha Royer teaches school, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Lancaster (County), . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Mrs. Royer’s preserves in the cellar of the house on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . An over all view of the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, 1938. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. : no information. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Title from microfilm copy. The photograph on Fiche no.  has no caption information. The photograph on the A portion of the living room in the house of the farm of Enos Royer, microfilm copy has full caption information. Lancaster (County), ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Mrs. Royer putting up jellies on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster Fiche no. . County, . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 138 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

The potato bin on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Titled: fsa c:LC-USF--D.Untitled: fsa Fiche no. . c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. : titled photograph. Note: Fiche title: “One room in the chicken house on the Enos Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen Royer farm.” on fiche or microfilm. The second pressure pump in the cellar of the house on the Enos Potatoes and hay in the barn on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster Royer farm. The family’s milk supply is stored here, Lancaster County, ? County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Potatoes ready for market in the potato cellar on the Enos Royer Sewing machine in the dining room of Enos Royer’s farm home, farm, Lancaster County, ? Lancaster County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF-. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC misspells “Potatoes” as “Potatos.” Shoveling corn into a crib on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster Poultry buyer’s Negro truck driver loading the truck on the Enos County, ? Royer farm, Lancaster County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . A sow [on the Enos Royer farm]? The pressure pump in the cellar of the farm house on the Enos LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Royer farm, Lancaster County, . Note: Caption list indicates “A sow.” Not seen on fiche or micro- LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. film. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Tobacco hanging in the tobacco barn on the Enos Royer farm, Lancaster County, . Pupils in one room school taght by Martha Royer, Lancaster, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . A view of Enos Royer’s farm house. His home garden is in the fore- The Royer family at supper in the house on the Enos Royer farm, ground, Lancaster County, ? Lancaster County, . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . [S and H Lancaster County Potatoes] Lancaster? Royer farm. One room in the chicken house, Lancaster LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. County, .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 139 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Note: No caption list information available. Title taken from LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. inscription on bag of potatoes. Not seen on fiche or micro- Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- film. film.

Sausages about to be stamped at the Kunzler slaughter house Skinning a steer at the Kunzler slaughter house See Kunzler Slaughter House series See Kunzler Slaughter House series

[Scenes of downtown] Lancaster. Stamping pigs with the board of health stamp after they have been LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa dressed at the Kunzler slaughter house a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC- See Kunzler Slaughter House series USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- A state meat inspector inspecting a bowl full of innards at the -M. Kunzler slaughter house Note: No caption list information available. Not seen on fiche or See Kunzler Slaughter House series microfilm. -M is street scene with Beneschs Department Store and Steinman Hardware indicated in pho- A state meat inspector inspecting liver at the Kunzler tographs. Both are Lancaster companies according to slaughter house Lancaster phone books from June ,June . See Kunzler Slaughter House series

Scorching the hair off a pig before dressing it at the Kunzler slaugh- Steers in the refrigerator at the Kunzler slaughter house ter house See Kunzler Slaughter House series See Kunzler Slaughter House series [Storm and flood damage]? Lancaster County? The second pressure pump in the cellar of the house on the Enos LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Royer farm a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- See Royer Family series -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Sewing machine in the dining room of Enos Royer’s farm home a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- See Royer Family series -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a: LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa [Shooting a steer at the Kunzler slaughter house]? a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- See Kunzler Slaughter House series -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Shoveling corn into a crib on the Enos Royer farm a :LC-USF--M. See Royer Family series Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. A sign advertising a country fair, ? LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Stultzfus, Harry Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or See “A tobacco field on the farm of Harry Stultzfus and his son” microfilm. Tank in which pigs are washed after having been slaughtered A sow [on the Enos Royer farm]? See Kunzler Slaughter House series See Royer Family series [Tenting] Lancaster County? [Sow nursing her piglets]? LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 140 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Note: No caption information available; not seen on fiche or [Tomato harvesting]? Lancaster County? microfilm. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- [Three men standing in front of a building in which various pro- -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : duce is on some of the steps, and one of the men is feeding a LC-USF--M. racoon] Lancaster County? Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. microfilm. Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- film. Another photograph with number LC-USF--D Tying up sausages at the Kunzler slaughter house has no digital image available. See Kunzler Slaughter House series

[Tobacco field] Lancaster County? A view of Enos Royer’s farm house LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--B; fsa See Royer Family series c :LC-USF--B; fsa c :LC-USF- -D. [Union stock yards] Lancaster? Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- A tobacco field of Floyd H. Moore, Lancaster County, July . -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: LC-USF--M. fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: Title taken from photographs. No caption list information Fiche no. : titled photograph. available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Note: Caption list indicates -D “killed”; not seen on fiche Washing a pig which has just been slaughtered at the Kunzler or microfilm. slaughter house See Kunzler Slaughter House series A tobacco field on the farm of Harry Stultzfus and his son, Lancaster County, July . [Washing machines on display in the window of a Sears LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Department Store] Lancaster? Fiche no. . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Title from photograph. [Tobacco field with barn in background] LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. [Woman sitting on couch in den]? Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. film. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. This photograph may be related to “[Woman Tobacco hanging in the tobacco barn on the Enos Royer farm standing next to bar with slot machine in den]?” It is difficult See Royer Family series to determine who person is and location, but photograph is in a series of others taken in various areas of Lancaster [Tomato harvest activity]? Lancaster County? County. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- [Woman standing next to bar with slot machine in den]? -M. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. microfilm. This photograph may be related to “[Woman sit-

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 141 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

ting on couch in den]?” It is difficult to determine who per- Note: Title taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche or micro- son is and location, but photograph is in a series of others film. taken in various areas of Lancaster County. C. F. Minnich’s front porch, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster County, Leacock Vicinity August . Heller’s Salem Reformed Church, Leacock (vicinity), ? LC website: fsa c–fsa d : [Untitled] LC-USF- LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. -D; -D; -D. Fiche no. . Note: Title taken from caption list for -D.LC website indi- cates no caption list information available for untitled photo- Lititz,Lititz Vicinity graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. [Abandoned buildings] LC website: fsa c : [Untitled] LC-USF--D. C. F. Minnich leaving his farm house, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or County, August . microfilm. It is difficult to determine whether the photograph LC website: fsa c : [Untitled] LC-USF--D. was taken in Lititz vicinity or Birdsboro vicinity. Note: Title taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche or micro- film. Beck Bros., Lititz, furniture, funeral directors See “A sign advertising furniture and funeral services” C. F. Minnich’s tobacco field, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . Minnich Family series LC website: fsa c : [Untitled] LC-USF--D. Barn and silo on the farm of C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Note: Title taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche or micro- Lancaster County, August . film. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Chicken house, Minnich farm, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster County, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . August . M. Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on Barnyard on the farm of C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster fiche,microfilm, or LC website. County, August . LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: Corn field on the farm of C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster fsa c :LC-USF--D. County, August . Fiche no. : titled photograph. LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen Fiche no. : titled photograph. on fiche or microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . on fiche or microfilm. M. Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on [Dining room in the farm home of C. F. Minnich]? fiche, microfilm, or LC website. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or C. F. Minnich standing beside his prize corn stalk on his farm near microfilm. Lititz, Lancaster County, August . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Ear of corn growing on the farm of C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster County, August .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 142 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Fiche no.  :LC-USF--M. LC website: Titled: fsac :LC-USF--D.Untitled: fsa Microfilm: Lot , Reel . c :LC-USF--D. Note: Not seen on LC website. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Electric fence controller on the C. F. Minnich farm, Lititz (vicinity), Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen August . on fiche or microfilm. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Mrs. Paul Minnich in her living room on the farm of her father-in- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . law C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . Hogs on the farm of C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. August . Fiche no. . LC website: LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Note: Cited in Just Before the War, no. , but no photograph in Microfilm: Lot , Reel . catalog. Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative missing. Image available on fiche and microfilm. Caption list indicates Mrs. Paul Minnich’s staple cupboard on the farm of her father-in- a group of photographs of hogs on the C. F. Minnich farm law C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), August . (M; M,M,M) in addition to -M,This LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. group not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Living room in the farm home of C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . Parlor in the farm home of C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Lancaster County, August . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Living room of C. F. Minnich’s married son Paul. The farm house is Note: Cited in Just Before the War, no. , with title “Parlor in the divided in half, and occupied by both families, Lititz (vicinity), home of C. F. Minnich,” but no photograph in catalog. August . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Steers in pasture on C. F. Minnich farm, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster Fiche no. . County, August . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: Title taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche or micro- Mail box on the farm of C. F. Minnich, Lititz, Lancaster County, film. August . LC website: LC-USF--M. Steers leaving one of C. F. Minnich’s pastures, Lititz (vicinity), Fiche no. . Lancaster County, August . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative missing. Note: Title from caption list. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. Image available on fiche and microfilm. Caption list indicates title “Letter box of Minnich Farm.” Tobacco plant on the farm of C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . Mrs. Paul Minnich in her kitchen on the farm of her father-in-law LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. C. F. Minnich, Lititz (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 143 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Sign explaining the name of the town, Lititz, August . Maytown Vicinity LC website: LC-USF--M. Calf in front of the barn [on the farm of Jay Reich Jr.], Maytown Fiche no. :Numbering indeterminate. (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on Note: Title from LC. LC indicates no digital image available. fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Original negative missing.Caption list indicates: “Sign of town of Lititz, Lancaster Co.” Fiche and microfilm have no A desk in a dentist’s office, Maytown or Barto? ? information on title, photographer, or date. Images available LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. on fiche and microfilm. Microfilm Lot  is photographs by Note: No caption list information available. Title taken from LC Sheldon Dick. LC indicates date as May .Caption list website. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. Photograph is in indicates August .Marjory Collins took another photo- series between those taken in Maytown and Barto, and it is graph of this sign but from another angle. See, under her difficult to determine location. LC website does not indicate name, “Signs on the road from Lancaster leading into Lititz.” place but does indicate that photograph is taken by Dick, with ? date. A sign advertising furniture and funeral services, Lititz, May . LC website: LC-USF--M. Ducks [on the farm of Jay Reich Jr.], Maytown (vicinity), Lancaster Fiche no. . County, August . M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on Note: Title from LC. LC indicates no digital image available. fiche,microfilm, or LC website. Original negative missing.Image available on fiche and microfilm. No other information available on fiche or micro- [Framed sampler hanging on wall in Jay Reich’s home]? film. LC indicates Sheldon Dick photographer, as does Lot LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. .Sign indicates:“Beck Bros., Lititz, Furniture, Funeral Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Directors.” microfilm. Sampler indicates the name “Anne Reich.”

Sign advertising Lititz, home of Animal Trap Company of America, The house [on the farm of Jay Reich Jr.], Maytown (vicinity), Lititz, May . Lancaster County, August . M. LC website: LC-USF--M. Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on Fiche no. :Numbering indeterminate. fiche,microfilm, or LC website. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Title from LC. LC indicates no digital imageavailable. George Reich feeding poultry on Reich farm, Maytown (vicinity), Original negative missing.Image available on fiche and Lancaster County, August . microfilm. No other information on fiche or microfilm. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Caption list indicates “Sign board (near) Lititz, Lancaster Note: Title taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche or micro- County.” LC indicates Sheldon Dick photographer, as does Lot film. . [Interior of a farn] Barto or Maytown? Sign board (near) Lititz, Lancaster County LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa See “Sign advertising Lititz, home of Animal Trap Company of c :LC-USF--D. America” Note: No caption list information available. Not seen on fiche or microfilm.Photographs taken in series between those taken in Sign of town of Lititz Barto and Maytown, and it is difficult to determine where See “Sign explaining the name of the town” they were taken. No other information available from LC website. Lorain (see Saint Clair)

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 144 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Jay Reich Jr., Maytown (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . Note: Title taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche or micro- M. film. Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche,microfilm, or LC website. Mrs. Jay Reich, wife of an FSA client, Maytown (vicinity), Lancaster, August . Jay Reich Jr. and daughter Mary, Maytown (vicinity), Lancaster LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. County, August . M. Fiche no. . Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on Microfilm: Lot , Reel . fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Portion of tobacco field and the barn [on the farm of Jay Reich Jr.], Jay Reich Jr. and son in front of the house, Maytown (vicinity), Maytown (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . M. Lancaster County, August . M. Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche,microfilm, or LC website. fiche,microfilm, or LC website. The pump on the farm of FSA client Jay Reich, Maytown (vicinity), Jay Reich Jr. and the cows on the farm of FSA client Jay Reich, Lancaster County, August . Maytown (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . LC website: LC-USF--M. LC website: LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative missing. Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative missing. Image available on fiche and microfilm. Image available on fiche and microfilm. Tractor in the barn on the farm of FSA client, Jay Reich, Maytown Jay Reich, Jr. filling a milk can in the milk house on the farm of (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . FSA client Jay Reich, Maytown (vicinity), Lancaster County, LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: August . fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information on -D; not seen on fiche and microfilm. Jay Reich, Jr. milking on the farm of FSA client Jay Reich, Maytown (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . Two-day-old calf nursing, on Jay Reich farm, Maytown (vicinity), LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Lancaster County, August . Fiche no. . LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Title taken from caption list. Not seen on fiche.

[Jay Reich’s dining room]? Mechanicsburg LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. [Historical sign indicating the city of Mechanicsburg] ? Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or LC website: fsa a : [Untitled] LC-USF--M. microfilm. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Jay Reich’s living room, Maytown (vicinity), Lancaster County, August . Morgantown LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. A street, Morgantown, Lancaster County, . LC website: LC-USF--M. Fiche no. .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 145 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Information and numbering from caption list. Not seen on Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative is missing. fiche,microfilm, or LC website. Image available in fiche and microfilm. Caption list indicates another version (-M), which was not seen on fiche, Shop window, Reading, . microfilm, or LC website. Morgantown is a place in LC website: Untitled: LC-USF--M,M-M-M. Pennsylvania along with similar towns and cities in West Fiche no. ; ; ; :Call numbers indeterminate. Virginia and other places in the country. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Title from caption list, which indicates same numbering, Pottstown along with -M.LC for these numbers indicates no digi- [Potato Market, Pottstown, Pa.] tal images available. Original negative missing.LC also indi- Fiche no. :Number indeterminate. cates that the photographs were taken by Sheldon Dick, as Microfilm: Lot , Reel . does Lot .Titles for some of the LC copies:“Lancaster Note: Title taken from photograph of truck with “Potato Market, County or vicinity, Pennsylvania.”Images available on fiche Pottstown, PA” on side panel. No other information with and microfilm. No other information available on fiche or regard to photographer, actual place, and date indicated on microfilm. Some of the fiche photographs have an indication fiche and microfilm. Not seen on LC website. Image available on front that temporary information is on verso.This infor- on fiche and microfilm. Lot  is a group of photographs mation not available on fiche edition, but may be available on taken by Sheldon Dick. copies on file at the Library of Congress. These photographs show advertisements for the Reading Fair in a store window Pottsville and signs advertising the Reading Headquarters and the place Bar in Necho Allen Hotel, Pottsville, ? for Social Security plates or engraved cards to be bought. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Saint Clair Vicinity Microfilm: Lot , Reel . The ghost town of Lorain, near St. Clair. The P. & R. I. & C. Colliery here was closed down eight years ago and all “company Mural by George Luks in the Necho Allen Hotel. The subject of the houses” except two were removed, Saint Clair (vicinity), ? painting is Coal Mining, Pottsville, (?) LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--D.Untitled: Fiche no. . fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Typical remains of a house on Main Street of the ghost town of Note: Fiche title used. No caption list information available for Lorain, Saint Clair (vicinity), ? -D; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Slight variation in LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC title. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Yuengling House, Pottsville, (?). LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D Shenandoah, Shenandoah Vicinity Fiche no. . (see also Gilberton) Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Al Banonis, Shenandoah, (?) Note: LC title: “Yingling House.” Fiche and microfilm title: LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. “Yeungling House.”The website has list- Fiche no. . ings for both Yeungling and Yingling. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Fiche indicates “Al Banonis.”LC indicates “Al Banonia.”The Reading website indicates a Banonis in Corine Hotel, Reading, . M. Shenandoah, but no Banonia.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 146 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Al Banonis, playing with a little dog at his home, A brick church building with white stone trimming, towers, and a Shenandoah, ? triple cross, Shenandoah(?), ? LC website: Untitled: fsa c:LC-USF--D. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Fiche no. :LC-USF--D. fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: Title from fiche. LC indicates untitled. Fiche no. . Note: No caption list information available for -M; not An alley in the more prosperous section of the town seen on fiche or microfilm. where some boys and men are gathered about a truck, Shenandoah(?), ? A bulletin board at the foot of No.  shaft in the Maple Hill colliery LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: See Maple Hill Mine series fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. : titled photograph. A car (elevator) at the bottom of a shaft,  feet below the surface, Note: No caption list information available for -M; not at Maple Hill mine seen on fiche or microfilm. See Maple Hill Mine series

Banonis, Al Cars loaded with coal near the St. Nicholas breaker, Shenandoah See Al Banonis See “Cars loaded with coal near the St. Nicholas breaker, Gilberton” Beer party in Joe Gladski’s cellar See Gladski Family series Cars waiting to go down the shafts at the Maple Hill mine See Maple Hill Mine series A bird’s-eye view of the town, looking east, Shenandoah, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. [Charles Yanonis Café] Shenandoah? Fiche no. . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: Title from photographs. No caption list information avail- A birds-eye view of one end of the town,showing coal yards, and able; not seen on fiche or microfilm. fields on the outskirts and tree-covered hills in the back- ground, Shenandoah(?), . [Chicken houses and activities on a farm] Shenandoah? LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa Fiche no. . c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC-USF- -D. A bird’s-eye view of the town showing two sections, one showing big Note: Caption list indicates titles “killed”; not seen on fiche or buildings and numerous church spires, and the other, rows of microfilm. homes, connected by a bridge. Coal yards on the outskirts fill the foreground and hills loom above the village, in the background [Children in playground, with slag heaps in background] of the picture, Shenandoah, . Shenandoah? LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Fiche no. . a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or [Boys play football, with slag heaps in background] Shenandoah? microfilm. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. [Church] Shenandoah? Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; microfilm. fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -M.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 147 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Crowds leaving the stadium where John L. Lewis had addressed a microfilm. district meeting of the United Mine Workers See [John L. Lewis at a union rally] [Church building] Shenandoah? LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. [Display windows of a furniture store and an Atlantic and Pacific Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Grocery during the day] Shenandoah(?). microfilm. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available. Not seen on fiche. [Church building with cupolas] Shenandoah? Related to other “Display windows” photographs. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available. Not seen on fiche. Display windows of a furniture store and an Atlantic and Pacific Grocery, at night, Shenandoah(?), ? [Church entrance] Shenandoah(?). LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa fsa a :LC-USF--M. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Fiche no. : titled photographs. -M. Note: Title from fiche. No caption list information available for Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or -M; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Related to other microfilm. “Display windows” photographs.

Church spires and houses as seen over many coal yards on the out- [Display windows of stores] Shenandoah(?). skirts of the town which is silhouetted against a mountainous LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa background, Shenandoah, . a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa -M. a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC- Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or USF--M. microfilm. Related to other “Display windows” photographs. Fiche no. : titled photographs. Note: LC title for -M is abbreviated from -M, but The entrance to the Ferguson Hotel in which building a national the views are of the same subject. No caption list information bank and a postal telegraph office are located, Shenandoah(?), for -M, -M; not seen on fiche or microfilm. See ? also “Gravel and coal yards on the outskirts of the town, LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: showing some homes beyond.” fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. : titled photographs. A compressed-air engine approaching with a train of cars in the Note: No caption list information available for -M; not Maple Hill mine seen on fiche or microfilm. See Maple Hill Mine series Filipek’s Bar series A corner of a well-furnished room in Joe Gladski’s home The counter and cash register in Filipek’s Bar,Shenandoah, ? See Gladski Family series LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . The counter and cash register in Filipek’s Bar Microfilm: Lot , Reel . See Filipek’s Bar series Filipek’s Bar Room where men are having lunch, Crowds at the stadium, surrounding the speakers platform, on the Shenandoah, ? occasion of a mine workers district(?) meeting when John L. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Lewis addressed the workers Fiche no. . See [John L. Lewis at a union rally] Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 148 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Some men and a woman at Filipek’s Bar,Shenandoah, ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Beer party in Joe Gladski’s cellar. Mr.Gladski is in the right fore- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . ground, Shenandoah, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Some men having beer at Filipek’s Bar,Shenandoah, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . A corner of a well-furnished room in Joe Gladski’s home. Gladski is a miner, Shenandoah, ? Two miners in Filipek’s Bar,Shenandoah, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Fiche title: “The miners in Filipek’s bar.” Joe Gladski and his wife having supper, Shenandoah, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Two miners in Filipek’s Bar, having an argument, Fiche no. . Shenandoah, ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Joe Gladski and two small daughters in dining room at their home. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . He is a miner at Maple Hill, Shenandoah, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. First aid equipment in a cabinet and rack on the wall in the Maple Fiche no. . Hill mine Microfilm: Lot , Reel . See Maple Hill Mine series Note: Fiche has a slight variation in title.

A frame church building with a triple cross, Shenandoah(?), ? Joe Gladski, miner, setting dynamite in tunnel  in Maple Hill LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. mine, Shenandoah, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . [Front window of saloon] Shenandoah? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or [Joe Gladski’s father?] Shenandoah(?). microfilm. Photograph grouped with others taken in LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Shenandoah. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. A gas tank at the edge of town, Shenandoah? ? LC website: fsaa :LC-USF--M. Joe Gladski’s father and two small daughters. An electric washing Fiche no. . machine appears in the left-hand corner of the room. Joe Gladski is a miner at Maple Hill, Shenandoah, ? Gladski Family series LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Beer party in Joe Gladski’s cellar,Shenandoah, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 149 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Mike (“Mitzi”) Karachuta filling glasses at a beer party in Joe the outskirts of the town which is silhouetted against a moun- Gladski’s cellar,Shenandoah, ? tainous background.” LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Guida, John Microfilm: Lot , Reel . See John Guida

Mr. and Mrs. Joe Gladski. He is a miner at Maple Hill mine, Homes of a mining town on an unpaved street, built out to the edge Shenandoah, ? of narrow brick sidewalks, Shenandoah(?), ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Fiche has slight variation in title. Homes of a mining town, showing two trucks, one of which is labeled with political posters, standing in front of them, Mrs. Joe Gladski, wife of a miner, at home, Shenandoah, ? Shenandoah(?), ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC indicates untitled.Fiche title used. Note: Fiche title:“Mrs. Joe Gladski at the Gladski home. Joe Gladski is a miner.” House fronts in a mining town, Shenandoah, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC- Renick and Gladski, two miners, drilling to set a blast in Maple Hill USF--D. mine tunnel ,Shenandoah, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Note: Fiche title for -D is “House fronts”; fiche for -D Microfilm: Lot , Reel . and LC have title “House fronts in a mining town.”

Three miners at a beer party in Joe Gladski’s cellar, [Houses on street] Shenandoah(?). Shenandoah, ? LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Fiche no. . microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Interior of a mule stable in the Maple Hill mine [Goats grazing at the edge of town] Shenandoah? See Maple Hill Mine series LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Joe Gladski microfilm. See Gladski Family series

Gravel and coal yards on the outskirts of the town, showing some John Guida, treasurer of the Local () United Mine Workers homes beyond, Shenandoah? ? Union, addressing a meeting of the union. He was the local’s LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: delegate to the district convention, Shenandoah, (?) fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Fiche no. . Note: Fiche title used. No caption list information available for Microfilm: Lot , Reel . -M, -M; not seen on fiche or microfilm. See also “Church spires and houses as seen over many coal yards on

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 150 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

John Lewis um where he spoke [fiche: LC-USF--M (f); LC: [John L. Lewis at a union rally] Shenandoah(?), ? untitled]. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa John L. Lewis, center, at the stadium on the occasion of a district(?) a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- meeting of the mine workers, seen among a crowd of people [fsa -M.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M]. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- A parade on the occasion of a visit of John L. Lewis to the mining -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : town during a district union meeting(?). The band and some LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa children trying to keep ahead of it are in the foreground [fiche: a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- LC-USF--M (f); LC: untitled]. -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Karachuta, Mike a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- See “Mike (‘Mitzi’) Karachuta”;“Miners and wives at a party at -M; fsaa :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Mike Karachuta’s house”; “Some small boys waiting up at a LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa party at Mike Karachuta’s house until their fathers come from a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- the mines” -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Lewis, John a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- See John Lewis -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa A local citizen at the rear of a garage filling his pipe, a :LC-USF--M; fsa a:LC-USF- Shenandoah(?), ? -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa fsa a :LC-USF--M. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Fiche no. : titled photographs. -M. Note: No caption list information available for -M; not Fiche no.  :LC-USF--M;LC-USF--M;LC- seen on fiche or microfilm. USF--M;LC-USF--M. Fiche no.  :LC-USF--M. The Lyric Theatre and other buildings on a street corner, Microfilm: Lot , Reel : -M; -M; -M; Shenandoah(?), (?) -M. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Titles vary. Note: Title from fiche. Titles in the series: Crowds at the stadium, surrounding the speakers platform, on the Maher’s Dance Hall, showing orchestra platform and dancers, occasion of a mine workers district(?) meeting when John L. Shenandoah, ? Lewis addressed the workers [fsa a :LC-USF-- LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC- M]. USF--D. Crowds leaving the stadium where John L. Lewis had addressed a Fiche no. . district meeting of the United Mine Workers [fsa a :LC- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . USF--M]. See also “Mr. & Mrs. P. J. Maher.” John L. Lewis, center, at the stadium on the occasion of a district(?) meeting of the mine workers, seen among a crowd of people [fsa [Man and woman walking on street past house with porch] a :LC-USF--M]. Shenandoah? John L. Lewis, center (hat over eyes) surrounded by a crowd during LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. the district(?) United Mine Workers union meeting, at the stadi-

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 151 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or there are valves for re-fueling every quarter mile. Compressed air microfilm. is piped down from the surface, Shenandoah (vicinity), ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. [Man sitting on porch] Shenandoah? Fiche no. . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. This photograph may be related to other photo- First aid equipment in a cabinet and rack on the wall in the Maple graphs showing sunken streets. Hill mine, Shenandoah, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. [Man sitting on bench by local Sinclair Oil gas station] Fiche no. . Shenandoah? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Interior of a mule stable in the Maple Hill mine,  feet below microfilm. ground, showing a miner and some mules. Once they go down the mules don’t come up until they die.Some have been down [Man working in the interior of a factory] Shenandoah? for the last  years, Shenandoah, ? LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Fiche no. . microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Maple Hill Mine series The power house as seen from Maple Hill shaft tower, Shenandoah [See also entries under Gilberton.] (vicinity), ? A bulletin board at the foot of No.  shaft in the Maple Hill colliery, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. showing a miner reading safety notices, Christmas greeting Fiche no. . advertisements etc., Shenandoah, Pa., ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . The second shaft tower at Maple Hill mine, as seen from the first Microfilm: Lot , Reel . tower, Shenandoah (vicinity), ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D; fsa c :LC- A car (elevator) at the bottom of a shaft,  feet below the surface, USF--D. at Maple Hill mine, Shenandoah, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Shaft of the Maple Hill mine, as seen from the top of the shaft tower, Shenandoah (vicinity), ? Cars waiting to go down the shafts at the Maple Hill mine, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Shenandoah (vicinity), ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Timbers in tunnel  of the Maple Hill mine, at the end where they are leaving the column and the rock has already fallen, A compressed-air engine approaching with a train of cars in the Shenandoah (vicinity), ? Maple Hill mine. The pipes beside the track carry  lbs. and LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 152 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Tracks at the Maple Hill mine leading to the crusher and to the St. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Nicholas breaker at Gilberton. The rock dump is on the top of a Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or rock-dirt hill. The view is from the shaft tower, Shenandoah microfilm. Title from photograph. (vicinity), ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USW--D. [Men standing on street, in front of hotel windows] Shenandoah? Fiche no. . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. A view of buildings, coal cars and tracks at Maple Hill mine, seen from the shaft tower, Shenandoah, ? [Men standing in front of the Union National Bank/First National LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Bank] Shenandoah? Fiche no. . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Title from photograph. A wheel, over which the car cable runs, at the top of a shaft tower at the Maple Hill mine, Shenandoah, ? Mike (“Mitzi”) Karachuta filling glasses at a beer party in Joe LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Gladski’s cellar,Shenandoah, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . [Meeting hall, with mounted deer head, and two photographs on Note: See also “Miners and wives at a party at Mike Karachuta’s either side, one being of Pres. Franklin Delano Roosevelt] house”; “Some small boys waiting up at a party at Mike Shenandoah? Karachuta’s house until their fathers come from the mines.” LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Miners and wives at a party at Mike Karachuta’s house, microfilm. Shenandoah, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. A meeting in the Lithuanian Democratic Club,Shenandoah, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Note: See also “Mike (‘Mitzi’) Karachuta filling glasses at a beer Microfilm: Lot , Reel . party in Joe Gladski’s cellar”; “Some small boys waiting up at a party at Mike Karachuta’s house until their fathers come Men and women at a meeting in the Lithuanian Democratic Club, from the mines.” Shenandoah, ? LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Miner’s home in Brownsville sector,Shenandoah, ? Fiche no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Men having a game of cards at the Lithuanian Democratic Club, Shenandoah, ? Mr. and Mrs. Joe Gladski LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. See Gladski Family series Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Maher in the hallway of Maher’s Dance Hall, Shenandoah, ? [Men standing in front of bank, with the Shenandoah Trust LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Company across the street]

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 153 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Fiche no. . The power house as seen from Maple Hill shaft tower Microfilm: Lot , Reel . See Maple Hill Mine series Note: See also “Maher’s Dance Hall.” Propped homes built on ground which has sunk, Mrs. Joe Gladski Shenandoah(?), ? See Gladski Family series LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . A parade on the occasion of a visit of John L. Lewis to the mining town during a district union meeting(?). The band and some The rear of a street where seven goats are going through some children trying to keep ahead of it are in the foreground garbage, tin cans and other debris, Shenandoah(?), ? See [John L. Lewis at a union rally] LC website: LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . [Parochial school] Shenandoah? Note: LC: No digital image available. Original negative missing. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Image available on fiche. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF-- M. Reedy, J. A. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or See “A truck owned by J. A. Reedy” microfilm. Renick and Gladski The Polish-American Fire Company number  and residences in a See Gladski Family series better section of the town, Shenandoah(?), ? LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Roosevelt, Pres. Franklin Delano Fiche no. . See “Meeting hall, with mounted deer head, and two photo- graphs on either side, one being of Pres. Franklin Delano A political banner stretched from the tops of buildings across one of Roosevelt” the main streets, concerning the election of congressmen and a governor,Shenandoah(?), ? A row of miners’ homes in the Brownsville sector, LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Shenandoah, ? Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Note: Title from fiche. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Political posters on a building over the “Headquarters, Labor’s Sand and gravel yards on the outskirts of the town, Non-Partisan League of Schuylkill County” occupying the two Shenandoah, . top floors, Shenandoah(?), ? LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Titled: LC-USF--D.Untitled: fsa c : Fiche no. . LC-USF--D. Fiche no.  :LC-USF--D. A scene on the outskirts of the town, Shenandoah(?), ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Note: LC for -D indicates no digital image available. fsa a :LC-USF--M. Original negative missing.Image on fiche and microfilm. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Fiche for -D indicates Sheldon Dick(?). LC does identify Note: No caption list information available for -M; not him as the photographer. Lot  is photographs that he took. seen on fiche or microfilm. No caption list information available for -D; not seen on fiche or microfilm.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 154 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

The second shaft tower at Maple Hill mine, as seen from the LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa first tower a :LC---M; fsa a :LC-USF-- See Maple Hill Mine series M. Note: No caption list information available on -M,M. Shaft of the Maple Hill mine, as seen from the top of the shaft tower Title from caption list for -M.The three photographs See Maple Hill Mine series not seen on fiche or microfilm.

Shenandoah Trust Company Syrian Roman Catholic Church building, Shenandoah(?), ? See “A street corner showing pedestrians near the Shenandoah LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Trust Company” Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . [Sloping street?] Shenandoah? LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Three men enjoying a game on a bench outside a porchless and Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or yardless home on one of the sunken streets, Shenandoah(?), microfilm. ? LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Some men and a woman at Filipek’s Bar Fiche no. . See Filipek’s Bar series Three miners at a beer party in Joe Gladski’s cellar Some men having beer at Filipek’s Bar See Gladski Family series See Filipek’s Bar series Timbers in tunnel  of the Maple Hill mine, at the end where they Some small boys waiting up at a party at Mike Karachuta’s house are leaving the column and the rock has already fallen until their fathers come from the mines, Shenandoah, ? See Maple Hill Mine series LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Tracks at the Maple Hill mine leading to the crusher and to the St. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Nicholas breaker at Gilberton Note: See also “Mike (‘Mitzi’) Karachuta”;“Miners and wives at a See Maple Hill Mine series party at Mike Karachuta’s house.” A truck owned by J. A. Reedy, of Milton, getting a load of coal from A street corner showing pedestrians near the Shenandoah Trust a coal yard on the outskirts of the town. The church spires and Company, Shenandoah, ? homes of the town are visible in the background, LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Shenandoah(?), ? Note: Not seen on fiche or microfilm. LC website: Titled: LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a : LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa [Street scene with church in background] Shenandoah? a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. a :LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Note: Caption list information available for untitled photo- microfilm. graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. LC: -M:No dig- ital image available. Original negative missing.Image available A sunken street in the outskirts of the town, showing a building on fiche and microfilm. -M is probably a photograph of which appears to be a school on the hill in the background, Mr. Reedy paying for the coal. Shenandoah, .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 155 SHELDON DICK (cont.)

Two cranes in operation, probably in road construction, A wheel, over which the car cable runs, at the top of a shaft tower Shenandoah(?), ? at the Maple Hill mine LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. See Maple Hill Mine series Fiche no. . Note: Title from fiche. Yanonis, Charles See “Charles Yanonis Café” [Two men and dog outside house with porch] Shenandoah? LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Royden Dixon microfilm. This photograph may be related to the series of photographs of John Lewis at a union rally. Gettysburg Sulky on road near Gettysburg, September . Two miners in Filipek’s Bar LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. See Filipek’s Bar series Fiche no. .

Two women, on a street corner, near a Protestant church, on Harrisburg Vicinity Sunday morning, Shenandoah(?), ? A turkey farm, Harrisburg (vicinity), September . LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Unidentified Place Two women talking outside a house at the end of a street, watching W. A. Hauck, Consultant, Steel Unit Division, Office of Production some neighbors and the unloading of a truck on a drab-looking Management (OPM). Formerly assistant comptroller, street, Shenandoah(?), ? Bethlehem Steel (Pennsylvania), and Assistant to the President LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--M. of the Luken Steel Company (Pennsylvania). Between  and Fiche no. . . LC website: LC-USE-D-;LC-USE-D-;LC-USE- Ukranian women at a political meeting, Shenandoah, ? D-. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Pauline Ehrlic h

A view of buildings, coal cars and tracks at Maple Hill mine, seen Dresher from the shaft tower A bale of hay being dropped off the hay baling machine, Dresher, See Maple Hill Mine series July . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. A view of the outskirts of a mining town, Shenandoah,  Fiche no. . LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Microfilm: Lot , Reel . a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC- USF--M. Baled hay on a truck and wagons at the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, Fiche no. : titled photographs. July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Note: No caption list information available for -M; not Fiche no. . seen on fiche or microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 156 PAULINE EHRLICH (cont.)

A baling machine dropping off a bale of hay at the Spring Run Children wading in a stream on the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, Farm, Dresher, July . July . LC website: LC-USW--E. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC indicates no digital image available.Original negative is missing (verified April ). Image available on fiche and [Children with their father]? microfilm. LC website: Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Note: LC and caption list indicate “killed”; not seen on fiche or Baling machine operating at the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July microfilm. . LC website: Titled: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d [The daughter of the owner of the Spring Run Farm]? :LC-USW--E; fsa d :LC-USW--E. LC website: Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Note: LC and caption list indicate “killed”; not seen on fiche or Fiche no. :LC-USW--E. microfilm. Fiche no. :LC-USW--E; LC-USW--E. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. The daughter of the owner of the Spring Run Farm on a Note: LC and caption list indicate -E “killed”; not seen on tractor, Dresher. fiche or microfilm. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. Fiche no. . A barn and a silo at the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Detail of a baling machine showing hay being picked up at the Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July . LC website: Titled: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d A boy looking at a frog in a jar at the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, :LC-USW--E. Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW- July . -E. LC website: fsa d:LC-USW--E. Fiche no. : titled photographs. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC and caption list indicate -E “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Children on a tractor at the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Detail of a hay baler showing rotating knives which cut hay into Fiche no. . proper lengths, Dresher, July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Children on top of bales of hay, Dresher, July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. Fiche no. . Detail of a hay baling machine, Dresher, July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d :LC- USW--E. Children sitting on a fence in front of a barn at the Spring Run Fiche no. :LC-USW--E. Farm, Dresher, July . Fiche no. :LC-USW--E. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Note: Slight variation in titles. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 157 PAULINE EHRLICH (cont.)

Driving a loaded truck back from the field at the Spring Run Farm, Note: LC and caption list indicate -E “killed”; not seen on Dresher, July . fiche or microfilm. LC website: Titled: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW--E. A hay baling machine in action at the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, Fiche no. . July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : -E. LC website: LC-USW--E. Note: LC and caption list indicate -E “killed”; not seen on Fiche no. . fiche or microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC indicates no digital image available.Original negative is Driving in a truck which has been loaded with baled hay, at the missing (veritifed April ). Image available on fiche and Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July . microfilm. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Loading baled hay onto a truck at the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . July . LC website: Titled: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Untitled: fsa A farm hand loading baled hay onto a truck at the Spring Run d :LC-USW--E. Farm, Dresher, July . Fiche no. : titled photograph. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Fiche no. . Note: LC and caption list indicate -E “killed”; not seen on Microfilm: Lot , Reel . fiche or microfilm.

A farm owner of the Spring Run Farm and his wife Making adjustments on a hay baling machine, Dresher, July . See “The owner of the Spring Run Farm and his wife” LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d :LC- USW--E. A farmer looking at his pepper plants Fiche no. :LC-USW--E. See “The owner of the Spring Run Farm looking at his pepper Fiche no. :LC-USW--E. plants” Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

General view of Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July . Operating a hay baling machine at the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, LC website: Titled: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d July . :LC-USW--E. Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW- LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. -E; fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d :LC- Fiche no. . USW--E. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. :LC-USW--E. The owner of the Spring Run Farm and his wife, Dresher, Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. July . Note: Title also indicated as “View of Spring Run Farm.” LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . A hay baling machine and rows of baled hay at the Spring Run Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Farm, Dresher, July . Note: Fiche and microfilm title: “A farm owner of the Spring Run LC website: Titled: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Untitled: Farm and his wife.” fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. : titled photograph. The owner of a haybaler driving a tractor which hauls the baling Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. machine, at the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 158 PAULINE EHRLICH (cont.)

Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Slight variation in title. The owner of the Spring Run Farm driving a tractor, Dresher, July . A young visitor to the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

The owner of the Spring Run Farm looking at his pepper plants, Dresher, July . Walker Eva n s LC website: Titled: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Photograph of Walker Evans: Fiche no. : titled photograph. Walker Evans, profile, hand up to face. February .Photograph Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. by Edwin Locke. Note: Fiche and microfilm title: “A farmer looking at his pepper LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. plants.”LC and caption list indicate -E “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Bethlehem Arched bridge, houses and mill Racking hay into rows prior to being picked up by baler, at the See “View of Bethlehem” Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July . LC website: Titled: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d Bethlehem graveyard and steel mill, November . :LC-USW--E. Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW- LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. -E; fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Fiche no. : titled photographs. Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. Walker Evans Archive ... Note: LC and caption list indicate untitled photographs “killed”; Roy Stryker Collection: ... not seen on fiche or microfilm. Note: Evans Archive date indicated as November , . Fiche title: “Graveyard and Steel Mill, Bethlehem.” Reproduced in In The son of the owner of the Spring Run Farm, Dresher, July . This Proud Land, ; Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, LC website: Titled: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d : ‒, no. ; Documenting America, ; Land of the Free, LC-USW--E. Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW-- ; US Camera (), -; First and Last, no. ; Walker E. Evans, no. ; Walker Evans at Work,  (includes picture of Fiche no. : titled photographs. Evans taking picture of probably this photograph). Cited in Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. Just Before the War, no. , but no photograph in catalog. Title Note: LC and caption list indicate -E “killed”; not seen on in catalogs: “Graveyard, Houses and Steel Mill.”LC indicates fiche or microfilm. two images of the same photograph.

View of Spring Run Farm Bethlehem houses and steel mill, November . See “General view of Spring Run Farm” LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Fiche no. . The wife of the owner of the Spring Run Farm picking beans in the Microfilm: Lot , Reel . truck garden, Dresher, July . Note: Fiche title:“Houses and Steel Mill.” Reproduced in Walker LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d :LC- Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. . USW--E.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 159 WALKER EVANS (cont.)

Bystanders, Bethlehem, March . NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of . LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Note: Four copies in NYPL collection. LC: slight variation in title. fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC- U S F  - Walker Evans Archive indicates date: --.There are two      -M ; fsa a   :LC- U S F  -     -M -P . versions of this photograph: fiche and microfilm have one Fiche no. : titled photograph. version, and LC website, Walker Evans Archive,and Walker Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. , have another NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of ; another copy in version. Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, Box , , with  date indicated. ‒, no. , as “Railroad Depot.” Just Before the War, no. Note: -M reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the , but no photograph in catalog. FSA, ‒, no. , as “Street Scene”; Walker Evans at Work, . Farmer near Bethlehem, November ? LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Commercial propaganda, Bethlehem, November . Roy Stryker Collection: ... LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--C. Note: Title and information from Stryker Collection. LC provides Fiche no. . no information. Not seen on fiche, microfilm, Walker Evans: Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Photographs for the FSA, ‒. NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of . Note: Reproduced: Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, Gospel mission, Bethlehem, November . ‒, no. , with title “Light Post and Advertisements, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Easton, Nov. .” Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . A crowded district, Bethlehem, November . Note: Fiche indicates date as March ;LC website: . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, Fiche no. . ‒, no. , with November  date. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, Gravestone in Bethlehem graveyard, December  ‒, no. , as “Houses.” See also “Houses.” LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Fiche no. . Crowded housing, Bethlehem, November . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A; fsa c :LC- NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of . USF-A. Walker Evans Archive ... Fiche no. . Note: Fiche title: “Gravestone in a Graveyard, Bethlehem”; NYPL Microfilm: Lot , Reel : -A. title: “Gravestone, Bethlehem.” Evans Archive indicates date as Walker Evans Archive: ..; ..; ... --. Fiche and LC indicate date as December . Note: Evans Archive indicates date as --. Reproduced in Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. ; ‒, no. , as “Gravestone, Bethlehem, November .” Walker Evans at Work, ; Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. , as “Railroad Yard and Houses”; Walker Graveyard and steel mill, Bethlehem Evans (MOMA, ), . See “Bethlehem graveyard and steel mill”

Depot, Bethlehem, November . Hillside houses LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. See “Stepped row of houses on a hillside street” Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . Household supply store, Bethlehem, November . Walker Evans Archive: ...

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 160 WALKER EVANS (cont.)

LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Note: Photograph and information from Walker Evans Fiche no. . (Metropolitan Museum of Art, ), , figure .No cap- Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . tion list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Roy Stryker Collection: ... Walker Evans Archive: ... Railroad depot Note: Evans Archive indicates exact address of the store as  E. See “Depot” th St., and date --.Cited in Just Before the War, no. , but no photograph in catalog. Reproduced in Walker Evans: Railroad yard and houses Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. , as “Window See “Crowded housing, Bethlehem” Display”; Portrait of a Decade, , as “Store Window.” Sons of American Legion, Bethlehem, November . Houses, Bethlehem, November . LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Walker Evans Archive: ... Note: Fiche title: “Sons of American Legionnaires.” Reproduced Note: Evans Archive indicates -- date. -A not located on in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. , as fiche. Image available on LC website and microfilm. “Legionnaires’Children”; Walker Evans and Robert Frank, no. Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, . Photo at LC and on fiche are slightly different, with right ‒, no. ; Walker Evans at Work, . See also “A and left sides either cropped or the photo was taken immedi- Crowded District.” ately before or after the one in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. , as the expressions and posture of Houses and steel mill, Bethlehem the four boys in the center are exactly the same. See “Bethlehem houses and steel mill” Stepped row of houses on a hillside street, Bethlehem, Legionnaire, Bethlehem, November . November . LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Fiche no. : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Walker Evans Archive: ... Roy Stryker Collection: ..; ... Note: Evans Archive indicates date as --. Reproduced in Note: No caption list information available for -M; not seen Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. , as on fiche or microfilm. Reproduced in Walker Evans: “Hillside Houses”; American Photographs, pt. , no. ; Walker Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. ; Walker Evans and Evans at Work, . Robert Frank, no. ; Walker Evans at Work, . Store window Legionnaires’ Children See “Household supply store” See “Sons of American Legionnaires” A street, Bethlehem, November . Light post and advertisements LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A; fsa b :LC- See “Commercial propaganda” USF--A. Fiche no. :LC-USF-A. [Man on the street, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania] . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Walker Evans Archive: ..; ; . a :LC-USF--M. Note: Evans Archive indicates: “View Down East th Street with Houses and Parked Cars, From St. Michael’s Graveyard,” with

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 161 WALKER EVANS (cont.)

date --. Evans  appears to be same version as LC and Walker Evans Archive: ... fiche;  and  are different views of same subject matter. Note: Evans Archive print is a slightly different version from the The two LC images are the same. Reproduced in Walker one depicted on the LC website. Reproduced in In This Proud Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. , as “Street Land, ; Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, Scene”; Years of Bitterness and Pride, no. ; American no. ; American Photographs, pt. , no. ; First and Last, no. Photographs, pt. , no. ; Walker Evans and Robert Frank, . no. ; Walker Evans at Work,  (includes additional view). Cited in Just Before the War, no. , but no photograph in Bridge and houses, Phillipsburg, NJ (seen from Easton), catalog. November . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A; fsa c :LC- Street scene USF--A. See “Bystanders”; “A Street” Fiche no. :LC-USF-A. Fiche no. :LC-USF-A. View of Bethlehem, November . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : -A, -A; Lot , Reel : LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A; fsa c :LC- -A. USF--A. Roy Stryker Collection: ..: -A. Fiche no. . Walker Evans Archive: ..: -A. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Some sources indicate that the scene is bridge and houses Walker Evans Archive: ..; : -A (two copies). in Phillipsburg, New Jersey, from Easton, and some that the Note: Evans Archive identifies -A as “Bridge, Houses, and houses are in Easton. LC indicates location as Easton. Walker Pennsylania Silk Company Mill, From Elevated Position, and Evans Archive indicates houses in Phillisburg. Evans Archive photographs taken from hotel roof,” --. Reproduced in indicates date as --. Reproduced in Walker Evans: Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no.  (- Photographs for the FSA, ‒, nos.  and ; People and A), with title “View of Bethlehem”; no.  (-A), with title Places of America: -A. “Arched Bridge, Houses and Mill”; Walker Evans at Work, . Photograph in fiche edition for -A has no caption title. Easton, Pennsylvania, on the Lehigh River See “View of Easton on the Lehigh River” Window display See “Household supply store” Light post and advertisements, Easton See “Commercial propaganda, Bethlehem” [Women’s auxiliary members and sons of American Legion] Bethlehem, November . Victorian house, Easton, November . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . microfilm. Reproduced in Walker Evans (Metropolitan Walker Evans Archive: ... Museum of Art, ), , figure .Not indicated in Walker Note: Evans Archive indicates date as --. Reproduced in Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒. Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. .

Easton, Easton Vicinity View of Easton, November . Auto dump,Easton (vicinity), November . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of . Roy Stryker Collection: ... Roy Stryker Collection: ...

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 162 WALKER EVANS (cont.)

Walker Evans Archive: ... Mount Pleasant Note: Evans Archive indicates date as --. Reproduced in Back street, Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland County, July . Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Fiche no. . View of Easton on the Lehigh River, November . Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Roy Stryker Collection: ..; ... Fiche no. . Walker Evans Archive: ... Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Slight variation between print in Evans Archive and LC Roy Stryker Collection: ... website. Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, Walker Evans Archive: ..; ; . ‒, no. , with title “Street Scene.” Note: Evans Archive indicates date as --. Fiche title:“Easton, Pennsylvania, on the Lehigh River.” Reproduced in Walker Main Street, Mt. Pleasant Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. . See “View of Main Street”

Freemansburg Main Street World War I monument, Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland [Willow Grove Hotel with cast-iron balconies, Freemansburg, County, July . Pennsylvania] November , . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Walker Evans Archive: ...Title as indicated. Fiche no. . Note: Evans Archive indicates that this is an FSA duplicate, but Microfilm: Lot , Reel . not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Also not indicat- Walker Evans Archive: ... ed in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒. Note: Fiche title: “World War I monument on Main Street.” Reproduced: Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, Greensburg (Vicinity), Westmoreland Homesteads no. ; American Photographs, pt. , no. ; First and Last, no. (see Westmoreland Homesteads, Greensburg [Vicinity]) ; Walker Evans and Robert Frank, no. .

Hecla View of Main Street, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland County, Company store at Hecla Mine no. ,Westmoreland County, July . July . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Roy Stryker Collection: ... NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of , with title Walker Evans Archive: ... “Company store.” Note: LC, fiche,and microfilm version shows fairly empty street, Note: Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, with men in far view sitting on store steps and standing; ‒, no. , as “Mining Company Store.” Evans Archive photograph is of the same scene, but does have two women and girl walking on street, with back to camera, Johnstown along with woman carrying baby facing camera, and man Johnstown housing, December . closest to camera, with back to camera, wearing suspenders LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. and possibly entering store. Both views do have men in dis- Fiche no. . tance sitting on store steps,and standing. Depiction in Walker Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. , similar to LC Note: Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, photograph. Fiche title:“Main Street.”The Stryker version is ‒, no. , as “View of Johnstown.” similar to LC, and not the Evans Archive version.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 163 WALKER EVANS (cont.)

Street scene also “A boy.” Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the See “Back street” FSA, ‒, no. , as “Children.”

World War I monument on Main Street Company store at Hecla Mine no. ,Westmoreland County See “Main Street World War I monument” See entry under Hecla

Pittsburgh Mining town of the Frick Mining Company, Westmoreland County, Pittsburgh housing, December . July . LC website: fsa c:LC-USF--A. LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Roy Stryker Collection: ... Roy Stryker Collection: ... Note: Fiche title:“Housing, Pittsburgh.” Reproduced in Walker Walker Evans Archive: ... Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. , as Note: Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, “Waterfront and Hillside Houses”; Years of Bitterness and ‒, no. , as “Mining Town”; First and Last, no. . Pride, no. . Workman at quitting time Westmoreland County See “A boy” A boy, Westmoreland County, July . LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Young boy a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC- See “A boy” USF--M. Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. Westmoreland Homesteads, Greensburg (Vicinity) Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. [Note: LC website does not indicate Greensburg (vicinity). Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. Information from fiche.] NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : titled photo- graphs; Undated, Box ,Folder  of : -M. An architect’s rendering of the community center on the US Note: Title is from fiche edition. LC titles for -M and - Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homestead Project, M: “Westmoreland County.” Boy in -M is also in “Boys,” Westmoreland, n.d. -M. See also “Boys.” -M and -M are two differ- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . ent people. -M and untitled photograph -M are two Note: No indication of photographer. Not seen on fiche or LC views of same person. NYPL has title for -M:“A boy”; website. -M: “Workman at quitting time.”No caption list informa- tion available for -M; not seen on fiche or microfilm. A carpenter, Westmoreland Subsistence Homestead Project, FSA, Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, Westmoreland County, July . ‒, nos.  and , as “Young Boy”; -M: Walker LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Evans at Work, . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Boys, Westmoreland County, July . NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of . LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: Title from fiche edition. LC title: “Carpenter, Westmoreland Fiche no. . County.” Reproduced in Walker Evans: Photographs for the Microfilm: Lot , Reel . FSA, ‒, no. ; Walker Evans at Work, . NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of . Note: Title from fiche edition. LC title: “Westmoreland County.” Child of a homesteader? Westmoreland, July . One of the boys in -M is also the boy in -M. See LC website: FSA/OWI COLL-D . Fiche no. : FSA negative no.:[blank].

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 164 WALKER EVANS (cont.)

Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Negative number [Workmen at the Subsistence Homestead Project of the US unknown; negative is missing.Image available in fiche and Resettlement Administration, Greensburg (vicinity), microfilm. Fiche indicates no number and “??”appears in Westmoreland Homesteads, July, ]? caption title, with place and date; not indicated in Walker LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒. Not the same boy as a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- in -M, -M, -M, but he may be one of the two -M. boys in “Boys” (-M). Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. It is difficult to determine whether these are Evans [Construction of house on the Westmoreland Subsistence photographs, although they might be, given the context of Homestead Project, FSA, Westmoreland County, July ]? other photographs and the numbering scheme. Not seen in LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Not seen in Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, Unidentified Place ‒. This photograph could be by Evans or Carl Faces, Pennsylania Town, . Mydans. Note: Photograph reproduced in Walker Evans (Metropolitan Museum of Art, ), no. : private collection; Walker Evans Construction worker on the Westmoreland Subsistence Homestead and Robert Frank, no.  (place is indicated as “Part of Project, FSA, Westmoreland County, July . Phillipsburg, New Jersey, ”). Not in Walker Evans: LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Photographs for the FSA, ‒. Not seen on fiche,micro- Fiche no. . film, or LC website. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Reproduced: Walker Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒, no. . H. C. Fraye r

A Subsistence Homestead Project of the US Resettlement Forester explaining the merit of leaving small trees as a source of Administration, Greensburg (vicinity), Westmoreland future farm-forest income, Allegheny National Forest, October Homesteads, July . . LC website: Titled: fsa c :LC-USF--A; fsa Fiche no.  : US Forest Service,no. . c :LC-USF--A. Untitled: fsa c :LC- Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. USF--A; fsa c :LC-USF--A; Fiche no. :LC-USF--A. Fiche no. :LC-USF---A. A l b e rt Fre e man, Alfred T. Pa l me r, Microfilm: Lot , Reel : -A; Lot , Reel : -A. or George Danor NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of : titled pho- [Note: LC indicates: Photographed by Albert Freeman, Alfred T. tographs. Palmer, or George Danor. See also Alfred Palmer.] Note: LC title for -A: “View of Westmoreland project”; -A: “Westmoreland Project.” Fiche title: “A Subsistence Philadelphia Homestead Project of the US Resettlement Administration, Office of Price Administration’s (OPAA) Philadelphia enforcement Greensburg (vicinity), Westmoreland Homesteads.” NYPL attorney (no name available) hands out questionnaires to vol- title for -A: “View of Westmoreland project”; NYPL title unteer women investigators in last weeks (week of June , ) for -A: “View of some of the homesteads, Westmoreland drive to check price ceiling and rationing violations in test spots: Homesteads.”These photographs are not indicated in Walker New York, Newark and Philadelphia. June . Evans: Photographs for the FSA, ‒. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 165 F R E E MAN, PALMER, or DA NOR

Posed photograph at a department store in Philadelphia, with vol- The Bach Choir giving a concert at Packer Memorial Chapel, unteer woman investigator checking for Office of Price Lehigh University. Administration’s (OPA) enforcement agency prices of lingerie LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--C; fsa d :LC- and hosiery.  or . USW--E. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Volunteer woman investigator for the Office of Price Administration (OPA) enforcement agency in Philadelphia, one Crowds outside Packer Memorial Chapel where the concerts of three cities selected in a test drive to discover violations of are given. rationing and ceiling prices, in a department store checking LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--C. prices of women’s apparel. All investigators were required to fill Fiche no. . out reports, regardless whether violations were uncovered or not. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . A number of complaints against law violations in three test cities resulted from the surprise investigation.  or . Dr. Arthur Cooley,  years of age, a member of the choir for  LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. years, sings first tenor. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. Fiche no. . Philip D. Gend re au Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

A country road in Pennsylvania, -(?) Dr. Ifor Jones, born in Wales, who has been the director of the Fiche no. :Resettlement Administration. Copy negative. - Bethlehem Bach Choir for six years. ZB. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Note: Also numbered (?). No specific place indicated. Not Fiche no. . seen on LC website or microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

Dr. Ifor Jones, conductor of Bach Choir for six years, and his wife, a Lewis Hine concert singer whose professional name is Lillian Knowles. LC website: fsa  :LC-USW--C. Truck with special body used to deliver brick, picks up an entire Fiche no. . stack of brick and delivers it to the building site as a unit. Face Microfilm: Lot , Reel . brick must be handled more carefully than common brick because if dumped into a pile they will become too damaged for During the afternoon performance of the Bach Choir. face work, Lancaster Brick Co., Lancaster. April . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no.  :National research project,WPA-Penna, MD-. Fiche no. . Note: Not seen on microfilm or LC website. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

During the Bach Festival outside the Chapel. H owa rd Hollem LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Bethlehem, Bach Festival. May . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Audience on the steps of Packer Memorial Chapel listening to the Bach Festival. E. Power Biggs, organist of the Bach Choir. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 166 H OWARD HOLLEM (cont.)

Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Entrance to Packer Memorial Chapel. Note: Title from caption list. LC indicates untitled. Not seen on LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. fiche. Microfilm has wrong caption title and numbered  Fiche no. . rather than . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Kathleen Rea,  years old, a graduate student at Lehigh University, Fanny Harra, with the Bach Choir for  years, sings second alto. sings soprano. She is the bursar of the Moravian Seminary for Women. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC indicates name as “Nathleen.”

“Gemein Haus,” the home of the clergy. Left to right: Mack Harrell, bass; Victor Laderoute, tenor; Ruth LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Diehl, soprano; Ruth Terry, contralto; Mary Givens, accompa- Fiche no. . nist; Dr. Ifor Jones, conductor, E. Power Biggs, organist. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Howard Wilgner,  years old, an architect has been with the choir Microfilm: Lot , Reel .  years as a bass singer. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Left to right: A. C. Dodson, secretary-treasurer of the Bach Choir, Fiche no. . president of the Weston Dodson Company; Dr. W. L. Eates, Jr., Microfilm: Lot , Reel . president of the Bach Choir, chief surgeon at the St. Lukes Hospital; Mr. R. K. Laras, vice president of the Bach Choir, pres- Ifor Jones, conductor, rehearsing with the orchestra for the ident and owner of the of the R. L. Laras Silk Company. Bach Festival. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--C. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Note: Not seen on fiche. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Left to right: Fanny Harra,  years with the Bach Choir, sings sec- J. Donald Schupp a/s (able seaman), U.S. Navy, a member of the ond alto, bursar at Moravian Seminary; Elizabeth Graves, first Moravian Trombone Choir for the past two years. year with the Choir, sings second alto, teaches piano at the LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Seminary; Dr. Arthur Cooley (),  years with the Choir, sings Fiche no. . tenor, teaches Greek and French at the Seminary. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . John W. Shields, USMS-S /c and Mrs. George W. Halliwell. Note: Not seen on fiche. Shields, bass singer, has been with choir for  years, Mrs. Halliwell, contralto, for two years. Left to right: The oldest drug store in the United States; the LC website: Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW--C. Moravian Church where the first Bach Festivals were held; at Note: Title from caption list. LC indicates untitled. Not seen on the end of the street the Moravian Seminary for Women; the fiche or microfilm. oldest girls’ school in the original  colonies. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. John W. Shields, USMS-S s/c, on liberty. His father has been with Fiche no. . the choir from the first, sings st bass. His uncle Dr. T. Edgar Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Shields, organist-emeritus of the Bach Choir. LC website: Untitled: fsa d :LC-USW--C.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 167 H OWARD HOLLEM (cont.)

Lilly Geisinger, who has been with the Bach Choir forty-two years, Old “Bell House” used to house the Moravian Seminary for sings first soprano.She has only missed two festivals. She lives in Women, the oldest girls’ school in the original  colonies. the old Moravian Sisters’ House. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . On the lawn during the afternoon performance of the Bach Choir, Living room in the home of Mrs. and Mrs. Ifor Jones. at Parker Memorial Chapel at Lehigh University. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--C. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Note: Not seen on fiche. Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

The Moravian Trombone Choir which plays chorales before the On the lawn during the performance of the Bach Choir. opening of each performance of the Bach Choir. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d :LC- Fiche no. . USW--E; fsa d :LC-USW--E. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . On the lawn during the Bach Festival outside Packer Memorial Chapel. Mr. Arthur Klein, professor of mechanical engineering at Lehigh LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d :LC- University, looking at an engine together with George Potter, a USW--E. student. Prof. Klein has been a member of the bass section of the Fiche no. . Bach Choir for  years. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. Fiche no. . On the lawn outside the Chapel during the Bach Festival. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. Fiche no. . Mr.William Evans,  years old, assistant vault custodian and Microfilm: Lot , Reel . floorman of the First National Bank and Trust Company. He has been with the Bach Choir for  years, singing bass. Outside Packer Memorial Chapel at Lehigh University. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. Fiche no. :LC-USW-. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC assigns a different photograph to d :LC-USW- , with this title. Correct image available on fiche and Mrs. George W. Halliwell, age , who started to practice with the microfilm. Bach Choir in , was in the first performance in  and has only missed one festival when she was out of the country. She Outside Packer Memorial Chapel, during a performance of the sings second alto. Her husband was with the choir until Bach Choir. he died. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--C. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Outside the Chapel during the Bach Festival. LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. Fiche no. .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 168 H OWARD HOLLEM (cont.)

Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Checking an inside diameter of a cartridge case with one of the glass gauges which replace steel gauges at the Frankford Arsenal. People on the lawn outside Packer Memorial Chapel during the Glass gauges are lighter and cheaper than steel, permit greater afternoon performance of the choir. visibility in inspection, are not as much affected by room tem- LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d :LC- peratures and heat of operators’ hands, are not corroded by per- USW--E; fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa spiration, need no protection against rusting, do not acquire d :LC-USW--E. burrs that would change the effective sizes. They can save the Fiche no. :LC-USW--E; LC-USW--E. annual use of  tons of critical tool steel in government arse- Fiche no. :LC-USW--E; LC-USW--E. nals alone. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- Note: Slight variation in caption titles. USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Prof. Arthur Klein,  years old, a member of the choir for  years, is professor of mechanical engineering at Lehigh University. Checking the outside diameter of a gear with one of the glass ring LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. gauges, that are replacing steel gauges at the Frankford Arsenal. Microfilm:  :Lot , Reel . Glass gauges are lighter and cheaper than steel, permit greater Note: Not seen on fiche. visibility in inspection,are not as much affected by room tem- peratures and heat of operators’ hands, are not corroded by per- Rehearsal of the members of the Philadelphia Orchestra before the spiration, need no protection against rusting, do not acquire opening of the Bach Festival. burrs that would change the effective sizes. They can save the LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--D. annual use of  tons of critical tool steel in government arse- Fiche no. . nals alone. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Wilmer L. Henninger, seaman first class (S /c), tenor has been Glass gauges of various types are replacing steel gauges at the with the choir for six years, his wife, Meryl Henninger, has been Frankford Arsenal. Left, top to bottom: double-end gauge, “go” a member for seven years. plug gauge, ring gauge. Right, top to bottom: “not go” plug LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E; fsa d :LC- gauge, double and solid-handle plug gauge, double-end taper- USW--E. lock standard, handle plug gauge. Glass gauges are lighter and Fiche no.  :LC-USW--E. cheaper than steel, permit greater visibility in inspection, are not Microfilm: Lot , Reel . as much affected by room temperatures and heat of operators’ Note: His name appears as both “Wilme” and “Wilmer.” LC and hands, are not corroded by perspiration, need no protection microfilm have images of -E; not seen on fiche. against rusting, do not acquire burrs that would change the effective sizes. They can save the annual use of  tons of criti- Younger Members of Bach Choir. Left to right: Betty Gordon, , cal tool steel in government arsenals alone. who sings in the soprano section, has been with the choir for one LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. year; she is employeed in the City Treasurer’s Office; Kathleen Rea, , who sings soprano, has been with the choir for two A glass ring gauge for the inspection of fuse parts. These gauges are years. She is a graduate student at Lehigh University. replacing steel gauges at the Frankford Arsenal. Glass gauges are LC website: fsa d :LC-USW--E. lighter and cheaper than steel, permit greater visibility in inspec- Fiche no. . tion, are not as much affected by room temperatures and heat of Microfilm: Lot , Reel . operators’ hands, are not corroded by perspiration, need no pro- tection against rusting, do not acquire burrs that would change Philadelphia: Frankford Arsenal the effective sizes.They can save the annual use of  tons of Conservation. Glass gauges replacing steel. January . critical tool steel in government arsenals alone.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 169 H OWARD HOLLEM (cont.)

LC website: LC-USE-D- :LC-USE-D-. case. Glass gauges are lighter and cheaper than steel, permit greater visibility in inspection, are not as much affected by room Inspecting a gear with a steel ring, since replaced by a glass gauge at temperatures and heat of operators’ hands, are not corroded by the Frankford Arsenal. Glass gauges are lighter and cheaper than perspiration, need no protection against rusting, do not acquire steel, permit greater visibility in inspection, are not as much burrs that would change the effective sizes. They can save the affected by room temperatures and heat of operators’ hands, are annual use of  tons of critical tool steel in government arse- not corroded by perspiration, need no protection against rusting, nals alone. do not acquire burrs that would change the effective sizes. They LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. can save the annual use of  tons of critical tool steel in gov- ernment arsenals alone. York LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Conversion. Floorola Products Inc.Floor waxer plant. York, February . Markings are carried on a label pasted on the handle of a glass plug Erstwhile elevator operator, this employee of a small Eastern plant gauge, which replace steel gauges at the Frankford Arsenal. finds a touch of similarity between levers of the old job and the Markings on other gauges are produced by acid etching. Glass new. But he’s one of America’s war production workers now, due gauges are lighter and cheaper than steel, permit greater visibili- to the company’s subcontract for war production. ty in inspection, are not as much affected by room temperatures LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. and heat of operators’ hands, are not corroded by perspiration, need no protection against rusting, do not acquire burrs that Formerly producing floor waxing and polishing machines, this would change the effective sizes. They can save the annual use of small Eastern factory is now one of the America’s myriad plants  tons of critical tool steel in government arsenals alone. devoted to production of small machine parts for war purposes. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Foreseeing possibilities of shortage of aluminum (necessary for polishing equipment), this factory’s owner sought defense sub- Markings on the handles of new glass gauges, which replace steel contracts many months ago, he is now operating twenty-two gauges at the Frankford Arsenal, are produced by acid etching. hours a day with a crew of thirty workers, a distinct improve- Glass gauges are lighter and cheaper than steel, permit greater ment over his previous eight hours, three-worker days. visibility in inspection, are not as much affected by room tem- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. peratures and heat of operators’ hands, are not corroded by per- spiration, need no protection against rusting, do not acquire He used to be a weaver and repair man for looms, but he’s one of burrs that would change the effective sizes. They can save the Uncle Sam’s defense workers now. Employed by a small Eastern annual use of  tons of critical tool steel in government arse- floor waxer manufacturing firm, this worker now spends ninety- nals alone. nine percent of his time working on small parts for gun mounts. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

A steel plug gauge is compared with a glass plug gauge which He used to be a weaver and repair man for looms, but he’s one of replaces it at the Frankford Arsenal. A plain ring glass gauge Uncle Sam’s defense workers now. Employed by a small Eastern shows in the foreground. Glass gauges are lighter and cheaper floor waxer manufacturing firm, this worker now spends ninety- than steel, permit greater visibility in inspection, are not as nine percent of his time working on small parts for gun mounts. much affected by room temperatures and heat of operators’ Here, however, he’s working on the remainder of the floor waxer hands, are not corroded by perspiration, need no protection stock left in the plant. Orders for the shop’s peacetime products against rusting, do not acquire burrs that would change the can still be filled from stock, but no new waxers are being made. effective sizes. They can save the annual use of  tons of criti- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. cal tool steel in government arsenals alone. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. He’s not drawing a bead on an enemy ship, but he’s hitting at the Axis just the same. Formerly a Work Projects Administration A steel plug gauge, since replaced by a glass gauge at the Frankford Arsenal, is shown checking an inside diameter of a cartridge

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 170 H OWARD HOLLEM (cont.)

timekeeper (WPA), this employee of a small Eastern manufac- date the defense production for which he has subcontracted. This turing firm is now producing small parts for America’s war five-spindle drill press, once used in manufacture of floor waxing machine, due to the company’s subcontract for defense work. machines, has been equipped with special chuck and drill for LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. production of anti-aircraft guns. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- A modern Molly Pitcher of the machine, this secretary-treasurer of USE-D-. a small Eastern manufacturing company knows as much about drills and lathes as the oldest employee around the place. And it The sugar shortage brought this worker back to the lathe. Employed was in part through her foresight and initiative that this floor now by a small Eastern manufacturing firm which used to make waxer plant was converted to war production. She’s shown here floor waxers but is now completely converted to war production, with a youthful worker who is operating one of the recently con- this worker had only a trade school course in mechanics taken verted machines. fifteen years ago as background for his new job. He operated his LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. own confectionery business until the sugar shortage forced him into a new field. But he’s glad to be aiming gun-sight parts at No more floor polishers will be produced by this small Eastern the Axis. manufacturing company, whose entire resources are being con- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. verted to defense Production. Bench workers will henceforth be women, if the owner’s plans are realized, so that his male opera- These bench operators of a small Eastern floor-waxing equipment tors can be released for heavy-duty machine work. company are working on defense production, all but the worker LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. at left. He’s completing assembly of one of the few waxing machines left in the factory. Normally used in manufacture of floor waxers, as shown here, this LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. five-spindle drill press is now used full-time on defense orders for which this small Eastern plant is under subcontract. These twenty-year-old lathes are producing equipment for Uncle LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Sam’s armed forces twenty-two hours a day. Alive to the possibil- ities of converting old equipment to defense usage, the owner of Now making machine-gun cover plates, this machine was converted this small Eastern factory bought and remodelled old equipment from a line shaft drive to motor drive when a small Eastern which is proving its mettle in . Note overhead power-driven manufacturing company converted its product from floor waxers machinery. to small parts for war equipment. Unable to purchase new LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- equipment for his defense work, the plant’s owner bought second USE-D-. hand equipment and remodelled it. Delivery of first orders was made  days after contract, an amazingly short time consider- This drill press and all other machines of a small Eastern floor ing that conversion of the machinery took two weeks of it. waxer company had to be rebuilt to accommodate defense pro- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- duction parts. Complete retooling was accomplished in two USE-D-. weeks, a phenomenally short time for this job. Credit for this speed falls to both management and workers who entered into One of the few lathes bought by a small Eastern manufacturing the job in a “beat the Axis or bust” frame of mind. firm. Unable to purchase much new machinery, the owner of the LC website: LC-USE-D-. company installed and remodelled old equipment to produce Note: LC indicates no digital image available. war essentials under subcontract. First orders were delivered thirty days after contract, an amazingly short time considering Through the skill and ingenuity of the entire personnel of this small that conversion of machines took two weeks of it. Eastern manufacturing firm, machinery formerly used in pro- LC website: fsa b:LC-USE-D-. duction of floor waxers has been converted to production of war essentials. Pictured here are the shop’s owner (right) and night The owner of this small Eastern floor waxer plant has planned for and almost completed conversion of his equipment to accommo-

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 171 H OWARD HOLLEM (cont.)

foreman, both of whom were instrumental in making the Ex-auto mechanic pictured at work in ex-lock factory. Merril Darr, change. twenty-five, works on breech ring for a thirty-seven-millimeter LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. gun. These guns and thirty-seven-millimeter gun mounts are now produced in a plant which formerly manufactured items for Through the skill and ingenuity of the entire personnel of this small civilian use. Eastern manufacturing firm, machinery formerly used in pro- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. duction of floor waxers has been converted to production of war essentials. Pictured here is the night foreman employed by the Ex-truck driver at work in ex-lock factory. Clyde Dahlberner is one company for fifteen years, who was instrumental in executing of Uncle Sam’s millions working for victory behind the men the changeover. behind the guns. He’s doing bench work on a breech ring for a LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. thirty-seven-millimeter gun, present product of this factory. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Conversion. York Safe and Lock Company. York, February . Assembling the weapons of democracy.In a factory which formerly Fixing up a grab-bag for Hitler. This worker packs thirty-seven- manufactured safes and locks, today thirty-seven-millimeter millimeter gun mounts in an Eastern factory formerly devoted to guns and gun mounts are coming off the assembly line. assembly of locks and safes. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Guns to blast the Axis from the earth.A factory which formerly produced locks and safes now produces thirty-seven-millimeter Assembling the weapons of Victory. In a factory which formerly guns and gun mounts. manufactured safes and locks, Uncle Sam’s armed forces are LC website: LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D- being provided with thirty-seven-millimeter guns and gun . mounts to blast the Axis off the map. Note: LC indicates no digital image available for . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. He ran a lathe in ’, and he’s running one for Uncle Sam again. Assembling weapons for Victory to be used by the armed forces. Harry Melhorn is one of America’s soldiers on the second line of Gerald Smith, twenty-eight, assembles thirty-seven-millimeter defense; he’s producing thirty-seven-millimeter guns in a factory gun mounts in a factory which formerly made safes and locks. which formerly made safes and locks. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. USE-D-. Listening for defects during the grinding of a powder chamber for a Basing off the breech end of a thirty-seven-millimeter gun, this thirty-seven-millimeter gun for Uncle Sam’s armed forces. Site of young worker is one of the millions of Americans hard at work this production is a former lock and safe company now convert- behind the men behind the guns. Site of these operations is a fac- ed to manufacture of weapons for victory. tory which formerly made locks and safes, before its conversion LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. to production of guns and gun mounts. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Millimeter guns for America’s armed forces are assembled in a fac- tory once devoted to manufacture of safes and locks. Checking and inspection of thirty-seven-millimeter gun mounts for LC website: LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D- America’s armed forces in a factory once devoted to manufacture ; fsa b :LC-USE-D-. of safes and locks for civilian use. Note: LC indicates no digital image available for . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-. Not for your car, but for a much more vital machine: this tire is destined for use on a thirty-seven-millimeter gun mount, now

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 172 H OWARD HOLLEM (cont.)

being assembled in a factory which once produced locks and He used to drive a bakery wagon, but now he drives a truck for safes for civilian use. Uncle Sam. Private Edwin Smuda at camp “somewhere in the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- South” is one of America’s many fighting men with mothers who USE-D-. are working just as hard for Victory as they are. Mrs. Eva Smuda, fifty-five, works eight hours a day in Frankford, Painting thirty-seven-millimeter gun mounts now produced in a Pennsylvania’s arsenal where she tapers cartridge cases for mm factory which formerly made safes and locks for civilian use. shells. Another mother and son combination that means death LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. to the Axis. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-, fsa b :LC- Sixteen years as an auto mechanic, this worker now assembles thir- USE-D-. ty-seven-millimeter gun mounts in a factory which formerly made safes and locks for civilian use. The man with the gun. It’s Private Edwin Smuda at army camp LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. “somewhere in the South.”In addition to being a prize fighting man, one of Private Smuda’s claims to fame is his widowed, Thirty-seven-millimeter gun parts go through the thread grinder in fifty-five-year-old mother who works six days a week in the a factory now devoted to production of these weapons.The fac- Frankford, Pennsylvania arsenal tapering cartridges for mm tory has been converted to this production from the manufacture machine gun shells. Mrs. Smuda is one of that great army of of locks and safes. American women who work just as hard for victory as their sons LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. on the front lines. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- This man and the factory he works in were both accustomed to a USE-D-. different kind of work in times of peace. A former silk weaver and loom repairman, this worker now assembles thirty-seven- Private Edwin Smuda of Frankford, Pennsylvania, one of Uncle millimeter gun mounts in a plant which made safe and locks Sam’s fighting men, now at camp “somewhere in the South.” before Pearl Harbor. Like many another U.S. soldier, Private Smuda has a mother LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. who is working just as steadfastly for Victory as he is. Mrs. Smuda tapes cartridge cases at the Frankford arsenal. Workers give the once-over to thirty-seven-millimeter gun mounts LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. being assembled in a factory which formerly manufactured safes and locks for civilian use. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Peter Killian

Unidentified Army Camp Surplus farm products make possible free lunches for the under- Smuda Family series nourished children, Pittsburgh, . [Note: See also entries for the Smuda family at home during the Fiche no. . Original File: US Department of Agriculture, No. war under Howard Liberman: Frankford.] N. Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. See also entry under Mrs. Smuda’s son. April 1942. Dept. of Agriculture in Other and Unidentified Section. “Dear Mom. . . .” Private Smuda writes to his mother from army camp.She’s a member of that great army of American women who work just as hard for victory over the Axis as their sons on D o ro thea Lang e the front lines. Mrs. Smuda’s particular job is tapering cartridge cases at the Frankford, Pennsylvania arsenal. Washington Vicinity LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Old age, Washington (vicinity), July .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 173 H OWARD HOLLEM (cont.)

LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--C; fsa b :LC- Note: No caption list information for -M and M; not seen USF--C. on fiche or microfilm. No specific place indicated. Fiche no. . NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of : -D. Note: LC title:“‘Old Age’ near Washington”; NYPL indicates: H owa rd Liberma n “‘Old Age’—before Social Security Law was Passed, Coal Country, near Washington, Pa.” RA -D. Photo by Lange. Bethlehem Info from verso.Annotations in part appear to be in Lange’s Negro steelworker(s). Bethlehem, May . hand, e.g. “ . . . before Social Security Law was passed”; and a Fred Heeben, veteran Negro worker employee of a large East Coast further handwritten note: “there is another negative of same steel mill, is participating in his second world war production subject—better rendering. D. L.”There appears to be only two drive. This sixty-year-old war worker is shown on his bycicle photographs that Lange took in Pennsylvania. rushing time cards and tools from one part of the massive steel plant to another. Bethlehem Fairfield Steel. [Related Lange photograph] LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Migratory worker in auto camp.Single man, speaks his mind. “Them WPAs are keeping us from a living. They oughtn’t to do One of the many Negro operators of narrow gauge locomotives that it. It ain’t fair in no way. The government lays them off (that is haul ingot and billet steel in the yards of a large East Coast steel in Work Projects Administration—) and they come in mill is shown in the cab of his locomotive. Bethlehem Steel. because they’re locals and take the jobs away from us that never LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. had no forty-four dollars a month. I came out of Pennsylvania, used to be an oil worker. I’m getting along in years now and I This Negro worker operates a fifty-ton crane which reclaims iron seen lots of presidents and lots of systems. Voted for Roosevelt out of slag in the slag drop of a large East Coast steel mill which both times and I don’t know of any president that ever leaned is working full capacity to speed war Production. Bethlehem toward the laboring man like him, but this system they’ve got Fairfield Steel. here in the fruit is a rotten system the way they work it.”Yakima LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Valley, Washington. August . LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--C. This operator of a mobile hoist is one of the various Negro employ- Microfilm: Lots , . ees of a large East Coast steel mill which has turned its facilities to  percent war Production. Bethlehem Fairfield Steel. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Russell Le e This skilled Negro worker is operating a wire-drawing machine [Note: The Roy Stryker Collection at the University of Louisville which draws steel strips through a die into wire in a large East includes some Pennsylvania photographs taken by Lee, but Coast steel mill. Bethlehem Fairfield Steel. Bethlehem, May . these would appear to be from a later date, beyond the FSA- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. OWI period.“Barn in Eastern Pennsylvania” appears to be the only photograph taken by Lee in Pennsylvania for the FSA. Frankford Lee also took a photograph of Arthur Rothstein, Washington, Smuda Family series D.C., January . See under Rothstein.] [Note: See also entries under Howard Hollem of the Smuda Family, especially the son, Edwin, in the army and stationed at Barn in Eastern Pennsylvania, November . an undesignated place.] LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Women at war (Mrs. Smuda). Frankford, March . -M. Although she spends eight hours a day preparing ammunition for Fiche no. : titled photograph. America’s fighting forces, Eva Smuda has plenty of energy left after work to keep the lawn in shape.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 174 H OWARD LIBERMAN (cont.)

LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Mrs. Smuda has reduced it to a system. Note that short handled shovel to make the job easier. Although she’s one of America’s vital production workers eight LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. hours each day, fifty-five-year-old Eva Smuda still finds plenty of time to devote to home and family. Before the rest of the She’s a mother and a grandmother, she works at a U.S. arsenal household is up, she has breakfast on the stove. tapering shells for fifty-millimeter anti-aircraft guns and she LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. loves listening to news broadcasts and Bing Crosby. Eva Smuda, fifty-five, who came to America from Poland at the age of three, “Dear Mom. . . .” A letter from her youngest son, far away at camp, has one son in the Army, and a son, daughter and a son-in-law highlights the day for war worker Eva Smuda. Like son, like working with her at the Frankford Arsenal. mother, they’re both giving every bit of energy to help Uncle LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Sam defeat the Axis. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. “The sweetest lady I ever met. Dear Mother, I won’t forget.” So reads this pillow, sent Mrs. Smuda by her youngest son now at A full-time job at the Frankford Arsenal and a full-time job of camp. But unlike Whistler’s immortalized parent, the mother of housekeeping and still this modern American mother finds time the Smuda family spends little time in an armchair.She’s much to play with grandchildren. too busy working for Uncle Sam at the Frankford Arsenal and LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. taking active care of her home and family after hours. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. If you didn’t know better, you might think Mrs. Smuda spent the day comfortably darning socks for the family. Less than an hour Tastes good! After tapering fifty-millimeter cartridge shells for before these pictures were made, this fifty-five-year-old mother America’s machine gun battalions, you’d think Mrs. Smuda and grandmother was skillfully tapering shells for machine guns would be ready for bed. But she’s still full of pep and ready to fix at the Frankford Arsenal. dinner for the daughter, son-in-law and grandchild who live LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. with her. This time it’s stew, based on a recipe from her native Poland. Like any other grandmother, skilled worker Eva Smuda enjoys the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. “children’s hour” each day. And her work at the Frankford Arsenal never leaves her too tired for those games of make- There’s a war to be won, but there’s work to be done at home, and believe with five-year-old Barbara. this modern warrior-mother enjoys taking a hand in household LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. duties. Tonight, she’s drying the supper dishes while her daugh- ter Genevieve washes. Mr. Smuda, -style American mother, is up and out every LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- morning before : a.m., ready to check in at the Frankford, USE-D-. Pennsylvania Arsenal. From  a.m. to  p.m., Mrs. Smuda tapers cartridge cases for -caliber machine gun shells. Before and There’s no household task too arduous for this -style American after work she fills the role of mother, grandmother, and manag- mother who spends eight hours a day working at the Frankford er of this eight-room house in which she has lived for twenty-five Arsenal to smash the Axis.When those banisters need cleaning years. and polishing, they get cleaned and polished by the lady of the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- house. USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

She gives half her day to Uncle Sam and the other half to her home The widowed mother of six grown children, Eva Smuda (right) and family. Firing the furnace looks like a man-sized job, but keeps young with the daughter, son-in-law and grandchild who live with her. The little girl is five-year-old Barbara Bennett,

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 175 H OWARD LIBERMAN (cont.)

whose father, opposite, works with Mrs. Smuda at the Frankford last batch of decoys before using the same machine to perform Arsenal. an operation in the production of incendiary bomb noses. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Lititz Polishing incendiary bomb noses on an emery belt that the same [Note: While not specifically mentioned, these photographs may worker was using a short time ago to sand duck decoys for be of the Animal Trap Company. Also see entries under American sportsmen. A broad conversion in which a woodwork- Marjory Collins and Sheldon Dick.] er and woodworking machinery changed over to metal working. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Conversion. Animal traps to armor-piercing bullet cores. Lititz, April . Conversion. Garden tools to army cot parts. Lititz, April . Armor-piercing bullet cores being gauged at the lathe on which they Army cot parts and garden trowels are dipped in a paint tank at the were produced in a converted Eastern animal trap plant.The same time. The Eastern company doing the work is only partly lathe was secured second hand in Wisconsin, where it made converted to war production, because garden tools are regarded machine bolts and spark plug parts. as necessary, too. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: LC-USE-D-. Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Original negative Buckets of cores for armor-piercing bullets form another “V” for missing. Victory in a converted Eastern plant that was producing animal traps only a short time ago. Converting a punch press from the production of garden tools to the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. making of army cot parts. When the die is changed, the machine will begin its new job of producing for our men at the front. Inspecting cores for armor-piercing bullets in a converted Eastern LC website: LC-USE-D-. plant that formerly made animal traps. Every bullet must pass Note: LC indicates digital image not available. Original negative several tests for weight, profile, etc. Small and very accurate missing. gauges are used by young women who have been trained as expert inspectors. Philadelphia LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- Women workers at Quartermaster Depot. Philadelphia, USE-D-. May . Clothing for America’s expanding army is being made by garment Murals on the outside walls of this plant suggest production of ani- workers throughout the country. This Quartermaster Corps mal traps. The plant is now converted to the making of armor- Depot employee is turning out regulation neckties in mass pro- piercing bullet cores and other war essentials. duction quantity. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Some of the traps made by an Eastern concern that specialized in Note: Not seen on fiche. these products during peace years. All the facilities of the plant are now devoted to the making of armor-piercing bullet cores, Insignia for military police are being turned out in an Eastern incendiary bomb noses, army cot parts and other war essentials. quartermaster corps depot where this young worker has obtained LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. war production employment. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Conversion. Duck decoys to incendiary bomb noses. Lititz, April . “Making Corporals.” This woman worker at a Quartermaster Farewell to ducks. This worker sanding duck decoys on an emery Corps Depot is turning chevrons for promoted enlisted men. belt will soon be producing war essentials. He is finishing up the Microfilm: Lot , Reel .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 176 H OWARD LIBERMAN (cont.)

Note: Not seen on LC or fiche. Microfilm information indicates Sleeping quarters for truckmen. An attendant awakens the men at “D-,” which does not provide the same photograph in any hour of the day or night required by their schedule, Amity LC. This number does match the photograph for “Making Hall, August . sergeants.” LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . “Making sergeants.” This woman worker at a quartermaster corps Microfilm: Lot , Reel . depot is turning out che vrons for promoted enlisted men. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Truck drivers resting in the lounge. Truckers’ facilities at Amity Hall are, according to the drivers, model accommodations and of a The nimble fingers of many American women are now contributing kind not found elsewhere, Amity Hall, August . to the war effort in various quartermaster corps depots. This eld- LC website: Titled: fsa b :LC-USF--D.Untitled: fsa erly woman is handstitching sleeves on an army overcoat. b :LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC-USF-- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. D. Fiche no. : titled photograph. The tradition of Betsy Ross is being kept alive in this Quartermaster Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Corps Depot where this young woman worker assists in the cre- Note: Caption list indicates -D, -D “killed”; not seen on ation of American flags for military acitivites. fiche or microfilm. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-. [Trucks parked at Amity Hall] August ? Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Untitled: fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa Note: Not seen on fiche. b :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen Women workers of all racial groups are being drawn into war pro- on fiche or microfilm. Caption list indicates “killed” for - duction.These employees of an eastern Quartermaster Corps D; not seen on fiche or microfilm. The sign on the building Depot are sewing sleeves into army overcoats. “Amity Hall”is indicated on -D. One truck has place LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. indicated as “Sunbury, PA.” on -D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: Not seen on fiche. Truckman napping, Amity Hall, August . LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Edwin Locke Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel .

Photograph of Edwin Locke: Fogelsville [Edwin Locke, Farm Security Administration/Office of War Economics and architecture, Fogelsville, August . Information photographer, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A. front, with right hand on chin] [between  and ]. Fiche no. . Photographer not indicated. LC-USZ-. NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of .

Amity Hall Greensburg Vicinity, Westmoreland Homesteads Automobile convoys, Amity Hall, August . (see Westmoreland Homesteads, Greensburg Vicinity) LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Krunsville (Vicinity) Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Pennsylvania Dutch barn, Krunsville (vicinity), August . NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of . LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--A; fsa c :LC- USF--A.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 177 EDWIN LOCKE (cont.)

Fiche no. . LC website: Titled: fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa a: Microfilm: Lot , Reel : -A. LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. Untitled: fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC- Westmoreland Homesteads, Greensburg (Vicinity) USF--D; fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa a [Note: LC website does not indicate Greensburg (vicinity).Place :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa indicated in fiche.] a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. : titled photographs. An architect’s rendering of the community center on the US Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homestead Project, NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of : -M. Westmoreland, n.d. Note: Fiche title: “Chicken Range on the US Resettlement Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Administration’s Subsistence Homestead Project.”No caption Note: No indication of photographer. Not seen on fiche or LC list information available for untitled photographs; not seen website. on fiche or microfilm.

Building new community barn, Westmoreland Homesteads, [Chicken house] US Resettlement Administration Subsistence November . Homestead Project, Greensburg (vicinity), Westmoreland LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Homesteads?, November ? fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- LC website: Untitled: fsa b :LC-USF--D. -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M ; fsa a :LC- Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or USF--M. microfilm. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Children at nursery school See “Nursery school on the US Resettlement Administration’s Building the new community barn and silo on the US Resettlement Subsistence Homestead Project” Administration’s Subsistence Homestead Project, Greensburg (vicinity), Westmoreland Homesteads, November . Children being dressed before leaving the nursery school for the day LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a on the US Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homestead :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF- Project, Greensburg (vicinity), Westmoreland Homesteads, -M. November . Fiche no. : titled photographs. LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. Fiche no. . NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- Note: LC indicates place as just “Westmoreland Homesteads.” graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Children having a mid-day nap at the nursery school on the US Chicken incubator on the US Resettlement Administration’s Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homestead Project, Subsistence Homestead Project, Greensburg (vicinity), Greensburg (vicinity), Westmoreland Homesteads, November Westmoreland Homesteads, November . . LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of . Children leaving the nursery school at : p.m. on the US The chicken range at Westmoreland Homesteads, Greensburg Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homestead Project, (vicinity), November . Greensburg (vicinity), Westmoreland Homesteads, November .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 178 EDWIN LOCKE (cont.)

LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a USF--D; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF- a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF-- -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC- LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF-- Fiche no. : titled photographs. M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. Fiche no.  :LC-USF--D. Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- Microfilm: Lot , Reel :-D. graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Fiche captions have NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -D; “Greensburg” misspelled “Greenburg.” Undated, Box ,Folder  of : -M. Note: No caption list information for untitled photographs; not General view of Westmoreland Homesteads, Greensburg (vicinity), seen on fiche or microfilm. LC: -M, -M, - November . M also not seen on fiche or microfilm. LC website title for LC website: Titled: fsa b :LC-USF--D.Untitled: fsa -M, -M, -M is “Westmoreland b :LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC-USF-- Homesteads, Pennsylvania.” NYPL title for -M: D; fsa b :LC-USF--D. “Children at nursery school.” Fiche no. : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel : titled photo- Painting by a grade school pupil at the nursery school on the US graph. Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homestead Project, Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- Greensburg (vicinity), Westmoreland Homesteads, November graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Fiche title: “A . Subsistence Homestead Project of the US Resettlement LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Administration.” fsa a  :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Grade school on the US Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Homestead Project, Greensburg (vicinity), November . NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : titled photo- LC website: fsa b :LC-USF-. graph. Fiche no. . Note: No caption list information available for -M; not Microfilm: Lot , Reel . seen on fiche or microfilm. NYPL title:“Painting at nursery NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of . school (by grade school pupil).”

Hurst House built in , served as a model for the houses on the A Subsistence Homestead Project of the US Resettlement US Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homesteads Administration Projects, Greensburg (vicinity), Westmoreland Homesteads, See “General view of Westmoreland Homesteads” November . LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Westmoreland Homesteads Fiche no. . See “Nursery school on the US Resettlement Administration’s Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Subsistence Homestead Project”

Nursery school on the US Resettlement Administration’s Unidentified Subsistence Homestead Project, Greensburg (vicinity), [Lamp, bowls, and cups on a make shift table] November . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Titled: fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa a : Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa microfilm. Cannot determine place and date of photograph. a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa b :LC-

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 179 EDWIN LOCKE (cont.)

[Row’s Bingo Store] H. S. Wimmer farm, Northampton farms site, Butztown, LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. November . Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. microfilm. Photograph shows store window with sign: Fiche no. :LC-USF--D. “Moved to Row’s Park/Playing Bingo/Every Night & Sunday,” Note: LC indicates digital ID for -D, but also indicates no and “For Rent” sign. Cannot determine place and date of pho- digital image available. Photograph on fiche. Caption list also tograph. indicates -D, -D, and -D with same title; not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Caption list indicates -D “killed”; not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Carl Myda n s Farmersville Photograph of Carl Mydans: [Note: Some captions incorrectly indicate Farmville.] [Carl Mydans, Farm Security Administration photographer, full- length portrait, holding camera, standing with his foot on the [Lloyd Kramer and family]? running board of a Treasury Department Procurement Division LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fuel Yard truck, Washington, D.C.] Photo by Carl Mydans. [ca. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or ] LC-USZ-. microfilm.

[Note: A series of photographs on the LC website, untitled, and Lloyd Kramer farm, Northampton farms site, Farmersville, unidentified with numbers running from fsa a–fsa November . a: -M–-M are scenes of farms and farm LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa buildings that are not in the caption lists and may be photo- b :LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC-USF- graphs taken in Butztown and Farmersville. These photo- -D.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. graphs not seen on fiche or microfilm. Also, caption list indi- Fiche no. :LC-USF--M;LC-USF--D. cates -D and -D, which may be photographs taken in Fiche no. :LC-USF--D. Hanoverville and Shoenersville, as “killed,” and not seen on NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -D; -D. fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Some numbers are titled in Note: LC provides digital IDs for -D and -D, but also this series: “Corn crib . ..”: -M; “Lloyd Kramer farm”: indicates no digital image available. Images available on fiche. -M; “Corn crib . ..”: -M.] Lloyd Kramer farm folks, Northampton farms site, near Butztown Farmersville, November . -D. Barn on H. S. Wimmer farm, Northampton farm sites, Butztown, Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, November . -D. microfilm, or LC website. Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, microfilm, or LC website. Lloyd Kramer farmhouse, Northampton farms site, Farmersville, November . Corn crib on H. S. Wimmer farm, Butztown, Northampton farm LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. site, November . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . USF--M. Note: LC provides a digital ID, but also indicates no digital image Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. available. Image available on fiche. Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. Note: LC: fsa a :LC-USF--M designated as unti- Hanoverville tled; may be another view of the corn crib.No caption list Barn on W. T. Huber’s farm, Northampton farms site, information available. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. Hanoverville, November .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 180 CARL MYDANS (cont.)

LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Coke ovens Fiche no. . See “Bee hive coke ovens” Note: LC indicates digital ID, but also indicates no digital image available. Photograph available on fiche. Mine tipple at the American Radiator Mine, [Mount Pleasant] Westmoreland, February . George Hep farm, Northampton farms site, Hanoverville, LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa November . -D; -D. a :LC-USF--M. Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, Note: Caption list indicates title for -M, but not seen on microfilm, or LC website. fiche or microfilm. Caption list also indicates -M “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Old state post fence at the W. T. Huber farm, Northampton farms site, Hanoverville, November . Miner and mule at the American Radiator Company Mine, Mount LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Pleasant, Westmoreland County, February . Fiche no. . LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Note: LC indicates digital ID, but also indicates no digital image fsa a :LC-USF--M. available. Photograph available on fiche. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Note: LC title omits “Company”from caption. Caption list indi- W. T. Huber Farm, Northampton Farms site, Hanoverville, cates -M “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. See also November . “Miners and Mules. . . .” LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Miner at the American Radiator Company Mine, Mount Pleasant, Note: LC indicates digital ID, but also indicates no digital image Westmoreland County, February . available. Photograph available on fiche. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Mount Pleasant -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa Bee hive coke ovens near Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Pleasant, Westmoreland County, February . -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Titled: fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa b Fiche no. : titled photographs. :LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC-USF--D. Note: LC: -M indicates title:“Radiator Mine.” For untitled Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : -M, caption list indicates title as “Miners at the American LC-USF--M. Radiator Mine,” but there is only one miner in photograph. Fiche no. : titled photographs. See also “Miners at the American Radiator Company Mine.” NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : D; D. Note: LC titles: “Coke ovens. Westmoreland County, Mount [Miner walking on road]? Pleasant”;“Beehive coke ovens near Westmoreland LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Homesteads. Westmoreland County, Mount Pleasant.” Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- Caption list indicates untitled photographs “killed”; not seen film. on fiche or microfilm. Miner with stick of Hercules Powder Company dynamite and [Bee hive coke ovens at night]? about to enter American Radiator Mine, [Mount Pleasant] LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Westmoreland, February . a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- Note: Title from caption list; not seen on fiche or microfilm. film.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 181 CARL MYDANS (cont.)

Miners about to go below at the American Radiator Company Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, Mine, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland County, February . microfilm, or LC website. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. George Miller farmhouse, Northampton farms project, Fiche no. : titled photograph. Shonenersville, November . Note: Title also indicated on caption list for -M, but not seen LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. on fiche or microfilm. Fiche no. . Note: LC indicates digital ID, but also indicates no digital image Miners and mules at the American Radiator Company Mine, available. Image available on fiche. Fiche misattributes the Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland County, February . photograph to Rothstein, when it should be attributed to LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Mydans. Caption list indicates numbering and title for fsa a :LC-USF--M. Mydans. Fiche no. : titled photograph. NYPL FSA Collection: Box ,Undated, Folder  of : titled Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Pleasant photograph. [LC website indicates LC-USF--,LC-USF--, Note: Caption list indicates title for -M, but not seen on fiche and LC-USF--M-B all within numbering assigned or microfilm. See also “Miner and Mule. . . .” to Mydans, but these photographs are indicated as untitled, with an indication of no digital image available. Caption list Miners at the American Radiator Company, Mount Pleasant, indicates these numbers “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- Westmoreland County, February . film. Caption list also indicates RA--M,M,M “killed,” LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa with no indication of what the subject might be. Not seen on a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC- fiche,microfilm, or LC website.] USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. : titled photographs. [Alcove in wall of homesteader’s home] Note: Caption list indicates -M “killed”; not seen on fiche or LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa microfilm. Caption list for -M has title “Miner at b :LC-USF--D. American Radiator Mine,” but subject is of miners, not a Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- miner, and this photograph not seen on fiche or microfilm. film. See also “Miners at the American Radiator Company Mine.” An architect’s rendering of the Community Center on the US Radiator Mine Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homestead Project, See “Miner at the American Radiator Company Mine” Westmoreland, n.d. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Homesteads Note: No indication of photographer. Not seen on fiche or LC (see Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Pleasant) website.

Shoenersville Bedroom in a home on the US Resettlement Administration’s Barn on George Miller’s farm, Shoenersville, November . Subsistence Homestead Project, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Homesteads, February . Fiche no. . LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Note: LC provides a digital ID, but also indicates no digital image LC-USF--M. available. Image available on fiche. Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . George Miller farm, Northampton farm site, Shoenersville, NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -M; November . -D. Undated, Box ,Folder  of : -M.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 182 CARL MYDANS (cont.)

Note: Fiche title used. Caption list indicates -M “killed.” LC Dramatic group on the US Resettlement Administration’s website title for -M, -M: “Westmoreland Homesteads, Subsistence Homestead Project, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Homesteads, February . Bedroom”; NYPL title for -M: “Bedroom—Westmoreland LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Homesteads”; NYPL title for -M: “Westmoreland fsa a :LC-USF--M. Homesteads.” Fiche no. : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. [Construction of house on the Westmoreland Subsistence NYPL FSA Collection: Box ,Undated, Folder  of : titled pho- Homestead Project, FSA, Westmoreland County, July ]? tograph. LC website: Untitled: fsa c :LC-USF--A. Note: Title information from fiche edition. LC caption title: Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or “Dramatic group,Westmoreland Homesteads, Westmoreland microfilm. This photograph could be by Walker Evans or Carl County, Pennsylvania.” Mydans. Dress making group on the US Resettlement Administration’s Cooperative store on the US Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homesteads Project, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Subsistence Homesteads Project, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Homesteads, February . Homesteads. Interior of cooperative store, February . LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel ;Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC: [Untitled] LC-USF--M-B, following - NYPL FSA Collection, Box ,Undated, Folder  of . M, indicates no digital image available. Caption list indicates Note: NYPL has title: “Westmoreland, Pa.” -M “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. No other information or photographs available. It is difficult to deter- Cooperative workshop on the US Resettlement Administration’s mine whether this photograph is related to -M. Subsistence Homesteads Project, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Homesteads, February . Exterior of cooperative store LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa See “A Subsistence Homestead Project” a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC- USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa [Exterior of homesteader’s home]? a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Untitled: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. : titled photographs. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Microfilm: Lot , Reel : photographs. microfilm. This photograph is within the numbering range of NYPL FSA Collection, Box ,Undated, Folder  of : titled pho- other Mydans photographs. tographs. Note: Caption list indicates untitled photographs “killed”; not Home schooling, Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Pleasant, seen on fiche or microfilm. NYPL title for -M: Westmoreland County. February . “Westmoreland Homesteads.” LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Delivery truck, [Mount Pleasant] Westmoreland, February . -M.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Note: Title from caption list. Side panel of truck indicates: -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : “USCO,Union Supply Co., Hecla Store.”Not seen on fiche or LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. NYPL FSA Collection: Box ,Undated, Folder  of : -M.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 183 CARL MYDANS (cont.)

Note: LC title: “Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Pleasant, Subsistence Homestead Project, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Westmoreland County. Home schooling.” Not seen on fiche. Homesteads, February . Caption list indicates untitled photographs “killed”; not seen LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: on fiche or microfilm. fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Homewoven dress and rug, Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Pleasant, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Westmoreland NYPL FSA Collection, Box ,Undated, Folder  of : -M. Homesteader wearing dress of cloth woven herself on Homestead Note: LC title: “Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Pleasant, Looms and working on rug woven by her Homestead Loom, Mt. Pennsylvania. Homesteaders and resettlement men discuss Pleasant, February . Westmoreland Homestead problems.” NYPL title for -M: LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. “Homesteads and Resettlement men discuss problems.” LC Fiche no. . website also includes [Untitled] LC-USF--M-B,“no Microfilm: Lot , Reel . digital image available.”No other information, including pho- NYPL FSA Collection, Box ,Undated, Folder  of . tographs, is available. It is difficult to determine whether this Note: Fiche title:“Home woven dress and rug on the US is a photograph of the same subject. Caption list indicates Resettlement administration subsistence homestead project.” -M “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Caption list for -M indicates title:“Homesteaders and Resettlement [Homesteader working on loom with boy working on another piece men discuss problems, Westmoreland Project.”This photo- of equipment] graph indicated as untitled in LC and not seen on fiche or LC website: Untitled: fsa a  :LC-USF--M. microfilm. Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- film. Homesteaders on the U.S. Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homestead Project, Mount Pleasant, February . A homesteader on the US Resettlement Administration’s LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Subsistence Homestead Project, Mount Pleasant, February . fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. -M. Fiche no. . Fiche no. : titled photograph. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Note: LC title: “Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Pleasant, NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of : titled pho- Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Homesteader.” tograph. Note: LC title:“Homesteads.”Caption list indicates -M-M [Homesteader working on land] “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Subject matter is LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa boys on sleds. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -M. Homesteads and Resettlement men discuss problems Note: Caption list indicates these photographs “killed”; not seen See “Homesteaders and Resettlement Administration on fiche and microfilm. Representatives discussing problems”

Homesteaders, Westmoreland, February . Kitchen in a home on the US Resettlement Administration’s LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Subsistence Homestead Project, Mount Pleasant, February . a :LC-USF--M. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Note: Title from caption list. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa b :LC-USF- -D. Homesteaders and Resettlement Administration Representatives Fiche no. : titled photograph. discussing problems on the US Resettlement Administration’s Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 184 CARL MYDANS (cont.)

Note: Caption list indicates -M “killed”; not seen on fiche or Westmoreland Homestead, February . microfilm. No caption list information on -D, not seen LC website: Untitled: LC-USF--M-B. on fiche or microfilm. LC title: “Westmoreland Homesteads, Note: LC: No digital image available. Title from caption list. Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland County, Kitchen.” Caption list indicates -M, not M-B.Not seen on fiche or microfilm. Loom on the US Resettlement Administration’s Subsistence Homesteads Project, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Westmoreland Homestead and garage and hen house Homesteads, February . See “A Subsistence Homestead Project” LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Westmoreland homesteader, February . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Note: LC title indicates: “Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Pleasant, Westmoreland County. Resettlement cooperative -M. loom.” Note: Title from caption list for -M; caption list indicates -M,M “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. These [Picture hanging on wall in homesteader’s home]? three photographs depict a father and his two children. One LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. of the children appears alone in “Young homesteader.” See Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or or microfilm. also that entry.

A Subsistence Homestead Project of the US Resettlement Westmoreland Homesteads, February . Administration, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Homestead, LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa February . a:LC-USF--M. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Note: Title from caption list for -M and -M indicated b :LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC-USF- “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Photographs show -D.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. sign announcing Westmoreland Homesteads. Fiche no. :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. :LC-USF--D; LC-USF--M. [Window in a dark interior]? Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. LC website: Untitled: fsa b :LC-USF--D. NYPL FSA Collection: Box ,Undated, Folder  of : -M. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or Note: Fiche title used. LC has various variant titles: -D: microfilm. “Westmoreland Homestead and garage and hen house, Westmoreland County, MH-PA-.” -D: “Westmoreland [Young girl in rocking chair in bedroom] Homesteads. Mount Pleasant. Looking West.” -M: LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. “Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- County. Exterior of Cooperative Store, MH-PA-.” NYPL title film. for -M: “Exterior of Cooperative Store.”Caption list indi- cates -M “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Young homesteader, Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland County, February . [View of Westmoreland] LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. fsa a :LC-USF-M; fsaa :LC- Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- USF-M. film. LC website also indicates: [Untitled] LC-USF-- Fiche no. : titled photograph. M-B, [Untitled] LC-USF--M-M, [Untitled] LC- Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. USF--, all with designation “no digital image avail- NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : titled able.”Difficult to determine subject matter. photograph.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 185 CARL MYDANS (cont.)

Note: LC title for -M: “Westmoreland Homesteads, Mount Note: This is a color photograph. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. Pleasant, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Young home- LC website also indicates B&W photograph in Lot -. steader.” These photographs depict a young boy. He appears with his father and young brother in “Westmoreland Drill press operator. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., Homesteader.” See also that entry. Caption list indicates - Brackenridge, (?) M “killed”; -M: “Young homesteader.” -M, -M LC website: fsac a :LC-USW-; fsa a :LC- not seen on fiche or microfilm. Caption list indicates -M, USF-. -M with title “Young homesteader,” but not seen on fiche, Note: Color photograph available on the LC website. Not seen on microfilm, or LC website. fiche or microfilm. LC also indicates B&W photograph in Lot -.The two photographs appear to be the same. [Young Homesteader getting mail from mailbox] LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Ladle of molten iron is poured into an open hearth furnace a :LC-USF--M. for conversion in steel, Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., Note: Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or micro- Brackenridge, (?). film. LC website: fsac a :LC-USW-. Note: This is a color photograph. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. [Young homesteader with dog] LC website indicates additional information about the photo- LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. graph. LC website also indicates B&W photograph in Lot Caption list indicates “killed”; not seen on fiche or microfilm. -.

Wilson Borough White-hot steel pours like water from a -ton electric furnace, Lewis A. Miller farm, Northampton farm site, Near Wilson Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., Brackenridge, (?). Borough, November . -D. LC website: fsac a :LC-USW-. Note: Title and numbering from caption list. Not seen on fiche, Note: This is a color photograph. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. microfilm, or LC website. Additional information about the photograph provided on the website. LC website also indicates that B&W photograph is in Lot -. A l fred Pa l me r Conservation scrap iron and steel. [Note: See also entries under William Perlitch or Alfred Palmer; Industrial scrap is carefully conserved for re-use. These gear blanks Albert Freeman, Alfred T. Palmer or George Danor.] are part of the maintenance supplies pile at a large steel plant. They will be used to replace worn parts on rolling mill equip- Brackenridge ment or possibly remelted with other scrap. Allegheny Ludlum, Back into production go these carloads of scrap metal, Allegheny  or . Ludlum Steel Corp., Brackenridge, (?). LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsac a :LC-USW-. Note: This is a color photograph. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. Posters in use. Office of Emergency Management (OEM) produc- LC website indicates additional information on the photo- tion posters displayed on the pay shack of the Allegheny Ludlum graph. LC website also indicates that B&W photograph is in Steel Corporation in Brackenridge. Between  and . Lot -. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-. Bessemer converter (iron into steel), Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., Brackenridge, (?). Posters in use. Office of Emergency Management (OEM) produc- LC website: fsac a :LC-USW-. tion posters displayed on the pay shack of the Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation in Brackenridge. The construction in the back-

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 186 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

ground is a new addition to the electric furnace building at the The huge carbon electrodes of the thirty-five ton electric melting plant. Between  and . furnaces used in converting scrap iron and steel into high quality LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. alloy steels. A worker is adjusting the rings that guide the elec- trodes into the arc furnace. This is just one of the new furnaces Steel Alloy Manufacture. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, under construction at this plant to meet the expanding need for Brackenridge [between  and ]. alloy steels under the emergency created by the national defense America builds for its Arsenals of Democracy.Workers ramming in production program. the bottom of a new thirty-five ton electric melting furnace LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. which two days later was placed in operation to produce steel alloys from scrap iron and steel. This plant is being expanded at Open hearth steel is also made at this plant. Raw materials are record speed to keep up with the even increasing needs of the charged into an open hearth furnace by means of this charging national defense production program. mechanism. The open hearth furnaces have a capacity of about LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.  tons of steel per heat. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Converting scrap iron and steel into high quality alloy steel. A workman adds alloying materials to the bath of molten steel in Open hearth steel is also made at this plant. Workers here shown one of the thirty-five ton electric arc furnaces. These furnaces are completing the charge to an open hearth furnace which has give faster heating and more accurate temperature control than a capacity of about  tons per heat. Only small quantities of do open hearth furnaces. materials are charged by hand in this way. The bulk of the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- material is charged by the mechanism shown in pictures nos. D- USE-D-.  and D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. General view of part of the plant where scrap iron and steel are converted into many grades of steel alloys. In the foreground are Power for the wheels of defense industry. The power house which carloads of finished products, while in the middle foreground generates all the steam required in this plant.The heavy wires in can be seen piles and cars of scrap coming in to feed the huge the foreground carry current to the electric melting furnaces. furnaces. In the background is the power house which supplies LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. electricity and steam to turn the wheels of this important defense industry, set in the Pennsylvania hills about thirty miles north Power for the wheels of defense industry. The stacks of the power of Pittsburgh, one of America’s most important steel producing house which generates all the steam required in this plant. The centers. heavy wires in the foreground carry current to the electric fur- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. naces used to convert scrap iron and steel into the many alloys required for national defense production. Giant at rest.A repairman mends one of the huge ladles in which LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. molten steel is conveyed from the electric furnaces to the ingot moulds. Power for the wheels of defense industry. The throbbing heart of this LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- plant where scrap iron and steel are convert into alloy steels for USE-D-. the national defense production program. Heavy wires carry current to the huge electric melting furnaces. A heated ingot of steel is removed from the soaking pit. In this pit LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. ingots are thoroughly heated to the extremely high temperature required for conversion into slabs, billets or sheet bars for further Quality in the manufacture of steel requires constant control and conversion. research. This chemist is weighing the elements of a steel alloy to LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. determine its exact composition. Analysis is determined to / of  percent of each element in alloy.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 187 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- the scrap in a loader which carries it to the open hearth furnace. USE-D-. About fifty percent of scrap steel is used in open hearth produc- tion. The rapid tempo of expansion necessary to meet the ever-mounting LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- needs of the national defense production program. In the left USE-D-. foreground a newly completed electric melting furnace is already in operation as a construction crew puts the finishing touches on Engineers must be alert at all times, to see that the bearings cou- the furnaces beyond it. In the background additional plant pling the mill engines are kept oiled. Negligence might mean structure is still being built. Electric melting furnaces provide long delays in steel production. The engineer above is adjusting faster melting of the steel bath and more precise control of tem- the valve of the oil line to increase the flow (note the huge fly- perature which is necessary in the processing of high quality wheel in the background). alloy steels. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Here is a billet of alloy steel entering a mill in which it will be Refined alloy steel in the electric furnace, ready for casting into converted into the desired shape. It will emerge as a bar, perhaps ingots.The slag layer on top of the molten steel prevents the hot round, perhaps square, and will eventually find its way into one steel from oxidizing, thereby preserving its high quality. Steel of thousands of uses to which steel is put in our defense produc- will be drawn off through the spout at the left into ladles in the tion. pit. This is an operation that has rarely been photographed. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b:LC-USE-D-. Here is a row of charging boxes loaded with limestone, the main Refined alloy steel in the electric furnace, ready for casting into ingredient in the production of quality steel. These boxes will ingots. The slag layer on top of the molten steel prevents the hot shortly dump their loads into open hearth furnaces. steel from oxidizing, thereby preserving its high quality. This is LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. an operation that has rarely been photographed. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Into the charging boxes goes this carload of scrap metal. Steel mills operating at capacity cannot afford to run short of these precious Thirty-five ton electric arc melting furnace in operation.These fur- bits of cast away metal. The charging boxes foreground, will naces convert scrap iron and steel into high quality steel alloys. carry the scrap to the furnace for remelting. This type of furnace gives much faster heating and permits the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. accurate temperature control so necessary in the processing of the high quality steels. The alloying elements are being added to the It’s the end of a short episode for this scrap steel accumulated from bath of molten steel. the croppings of tubing and piping right in the steel mill. This LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- scrap will be charged into steel converters once again, and again USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-. will emerge as refined steel for industrial production. Steel mills themselves provide large portions of the scrap metal needed for A white-hot ingot of steel is reduced to a slab on a two-high production. reversible type blooming mill. This slab will be converted further LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. into either sheets or plates. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Lost heat is lost power, lost time and lost money. Furnaces for remelting and refining high quality steels and alloys are lined Steel Manufacture. Allegheny-Ludlum [between  and ]. with refractory bricks such as these, made to withstand and to Back into production go these carloads of scrap metal. The melting “reflect” terrific heat. of alloy steels for defense work requires that steel mill scrapyards LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. such as this be constantly filled. The overhead magnet deposits

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 188 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

Peering through the peephole of a -ton electric furnace in which Shine your sheets, mister! This machine is used to polish the surface high quality alloy steels are being refined. Only with dark heavy of stainless, to make it smooth and bright and clean. This is just glasses can melters study the action of the boiling alloy steels and one of the many units of special equipment required for the pro- determine whether adjustments are necessary to the electric duction of high quality steel for our defense needs. power, or whether additional material must be added to prevent LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. too rapid oxidation. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. A slab of stainless is about to enter a three-high  inch plate mill, just having been removed from a heating furnace. This mill will Pig iron such as this is a major ingredient of steel. Blast furnaces roll the slab to produce the finish, thickness, width and length have smelted down the iron ore to obtain the pig iron used in all required for its use as tank armor. three types of steel furnaces: open hearth, Bessemer converter, LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. and electric. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Steel couplings such as these are used to extend short lengths of pipe for many miles. Steel piping is used to convey solutions and gases Plant railways are essential to the working of large steel mills, espe- in numerous plants engaged in defense production. cially since single furnaces are often charged with as much as  LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. tons and more of raw materials for conversion into steel. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Testing is an integral part of the work at the steel mills. Thousands of dollars worth of amazingly accuarate testing machinery will Robert Poster, crane inspector at the Allegheny-Ludlum plant. be found in every mill, testing tensile strength, elastic limit, elon- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. gation and reduction of area. All steel is thoroughly tested before it is shipped out for defense production. The production of many tons of high quality steel depends upon the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. efficiency with which this electrician installs the power lines to new transformers used in conjunction with electric furnaces. These inspectors are trained to look for even the slightest imperfec- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; tion in sheets of stainless such as this. All the high quality steel fsa b :LC-USE-D-. used in defense production is inspected and thrown back into the furnaces in case of any imperfection. A ribbon of hot steel rolls forth from high hot rolling mill, where it LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. has been pressed down from about six to two inches in thickness. These ribbons are about thirty-five inches wide, and are used in These newly cast steel gear blanks will be used in new machinery coils or in cut lengths. for the refining and manufacturing of iron and steel. High qual- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. ity alloys are needed for the machinery to produce steel. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. A rigid schedule, though they don’t cover much ground. These men operate a locomotive inside the plant grounds, hauling scrap and This doesn’t look very impressive, just a pile of rock. Well, that’s other ingredients to the open hearth and electric furnaces for what it is,a pile of limesone, but since limestone is the main melting and refining. ingredient for the refining of high quality steels, heaps of rock LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. such as these are mighty important factors in the maintenance of defense production. Sheets of finished stainless steel on their way to the warehouse and LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. shipping rooms. All stainless steel for defense production is sub- ject to rigorous inspection before acceptance. This is semi-finished material for finishing in steel mills and strip LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. mills. The piles of rectangular pieces in the foreground are for steel mill production, while the coils behind them are destined

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 189 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

for the strip mill where they will be converted into thin gauge LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- strips. USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Parts of the huge distillation unit. This man is determined that there be no halt in production because LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. of electrical power difficulties. He’s a steel mill electrician, and his job is tremendously important in the maintenance of maxi- Parts of the huge extracting plant. mum efficiency throughout all the various processes of steel pro- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- duction. USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. This is the huge gasoline stabilizing tower. Quaker State is one of This quality steel tubing and piping will eventually be used to con- the many American oil companies working to supply the fuel vey, refine or distill elements used in defense production. and lubrication needed for the war machines of democracy. Expensive alloy steels are used, particularly for chemical piping. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- Special alloys have been devised to resist specific chemicals. USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. This plant is working at full capacity to produce oil for the military This sheet mill worker is charging sheets of steel into the heating machines fighting to preserve democracy. furnace, from which they will emerge to be rolled into thin LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- gauge sheets. USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

This slab of stainless steel is being rolled by a three-high  inch Vital operations in the refining of lubricants for the war machines plate mill to bring it to the proper length, finish, thickness and of democracy are performed here. These are the solvent storage width. and surge tanks. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. USE-D-. A worker. To the left is a portion of the panels containing metering devices to LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. record the operations of generators such as this, which power a Fiche no. . rolling mill. Note: Fiche title. LC indicates “Workers,” when there is only one LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. person in the photograph.

Bradford East Pittsburgh (see also Oil City) [Note: See entries under Alfred Palmer or George Danor.] Oil series Quaker State Refining Co. McKean Unit. Bradford. September Ellwood City .Lot . Antiaircraft gun carriage series Oil for our machines of war is supplied by oil refineries like this AETNA.Ellwood City. December .Lot . one. Here are, left to right, the stabilizing, fractionating and heat Assembling the elevating mechanism of a thirty-seven-millimeter exchange towers. antiaircraft gun carriage. This and other control mechanisms of LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. an anti-aircraft gun mounting must operate as easily as your automobile controls so that the gunner may stay trained on his Oil for the armies of democracy is stored in these huge tanks.This swiftly moving target. War program production scene in a company refines much high-quality lubricating oil for the mili- Pennsylvania heavy industry plant. tary machinery of the Army and Navy.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 190 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Pennsylvania heavy industry plant now converted to the produc- tion of vitally needed military equipment. Assembling the foot firing mechanism on a thirty-seven-millimeter LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. antiaircraft gun carriage. The gunner requires both hands to fol- low his swiftly moving target, and must get in as many shots as Machining operation on the hold-down clamp for a thirty-seven- he can while the target is still within range. War program pro- millimeter antiaircraft gun carriage. War program production duction scene in a Pennsylvania heavy industry plant. scene in one of Pennsylvania’s heavy industry plants now con- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. verted to the production of vitally needed military equipment. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. A casting is machined for the traversing assembly of a thirty-seven millimeter antiaircraft gun carriage. The traversing assembly One of the many machine operations on a partially assembled car- must be precision-made so that the gunner may follow his swift- riage for a thirty-seven-millimeter antiaircraft gun. This is a ly moving target with accuracy.War program production scene typical scene as heavy industry gets into gear in America’s war in a Pennsylvania heavy industry plant now converted to the program. War program production scene in one of production of vitally needed military equipment. Pennsylvania’s heavy industry plants now converted to the pro- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. duction of vitally needed military equipment. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Final inspection of a thirty-seven-millimeter antiaircraft gun car- riage assembly. America’s war program requires increased pro- Paint for protection and for camouflage. This masked operator is duction of these precision instruments of protection, designed to painting parts that will be assembled into a thirty-seven-mil- bring down the best-armoured, the fastest-flying enemy aircraft. limeter antiaircraft gun carriage. War program production scene Production scene in a Pennsylvania heavy industrial engineering in one of Pennsylvania’s heavy industry plants now converted to plant now converted almost entirely to military production. the production of vitally needed military equipment. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

A huge stockpile of equilibrator springs awaits assembly into the Thirty-seven-millimeter antiaircraft gun carriages come down the carriage for a thirty-seven-millimeter antiaircraft gun. This is a assembly line. In the foreground, the frame for the carriage is typical scene as heavy industry gets into gear in America’s war assembled. War production program scene in a Pennsylvania program. War program production scene in one of heavy industry plant now converted to the production of vitally Pennsylvania’s heavy industry plants now converted to the pro- needed military equipment. duction of vitally needed military equipment. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. USE-D-.

A leveling socket for a thirty-seven-millimeter antiaircraft gun car- This master machinist lays out the precision parts that go to make riage is machined in a turret lathe. The leveling assembly per- up a thirty-seven-millimeter anti-aircraft gun carriage. Swift mits the gun to be kept on an even keel on all types of terrain. flying planes present a difficult target, the anti-aircraft gun must War program production scene in one of Pennsylvania’s heavy be a precision instrument. War program production scene in one industry plants now converted to the production of vitally need- of Pennsylvania’s heavy industry plants now converted to the ed military equipment. production of vitally needed military equipment. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

The leveling yoke for a thirty-seven-millimeter antiaircraft gun car- Time is short! Workers take a few precious minutes for some much riage is cleaned in this bath before being painted. This yoke puts needed refreshment from the plant lunch wagon. At the left a the gun on an even keel no matter what type of terrain the car- thirty-seven-millimeter antiaircraft gun carriage is nearing com- riage rests upon. War program production scene in a pletion on the assembly line. War program production scene in a Pennsylvania plant.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 191 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

The top carriage of a thirty-seven-millimeter antiaircraft gun car- Applying asbestos cement composition shingles to the exterior of riage receives the final assembly operations. War program pro- houses at the Franklin Terrace Defense Housing Project, Erie, duction scene in one of Pennsylvania’s heavy industry plants July . now converted to the production of vitally needed military Fiche no. :U.S. Office for Emergency Management Negative equipment. No. D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm.

Steel mill equipment series As the wall sheeting is completed, men are already starting the AETNA. Ellwood City. December . sheeting of the roof. The expanded War Production Program calls for more and more LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- steel to make the tanks, ships, guns that are required. Finished USE-D-. parts for additional steel mill equipment are here receiving their final inspection at a Pennsylvania heavy industry plant now B. J. Rogan (right), defense worker at the General Electric plant in converted to the production of vitally needed military equip- Erie, Pennsylvania, chats with a neighbor while his young son, ment. Bernie, plays on the  x  foot plot of ground provided for each LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. trailer. Notice the electric power lines which provide each trailer unit with electricity for light, radios, etc. Electric power is Tanks! Ships! Guns! They all take steel and more steel. These highly included in the $. weekly rent. skilled machinists are doing their part to expand and maintain LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. America’s steel production capacity. Heavy castings that will form the backbone of steel mill equipment are being machined B. J. Rogan, one of thousands employed by the General Electric in one of Pennsylvania’s heavy industry plants now converted to Company in Erie, Pennsylvania, to provide the nation with the production of vitally needed military equipment. defense materials, enjoys a brief relaxation with his wife and LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- small son. A beach on Lake Erie is located within a few blocks of USE-D-. the defense trailer camp. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. A worker inspects the dimensions of a huge turning roll that will soon be installed in one of our steel mills to increase the produc- B. J. Rogan, thirty-three, is employed as a drill press operator at the tion of steel plate and sheet to supply the tanks, ships and gun General Electric plant in Erie, Pennsylvania. Working strictly parts that are required under our expanded war program. A from sectional blueprints, he seldom knows if the fittings he scene in one of Pennsylvania’s heavy industry plants now con- makes will be used for submarines, minesweepers, or gun verted to the production of vitally needed military equipment. mounts. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Erie Bernie Rogan, son of Mr. and Mrs. B. J. Rogan, in the bathroom of Defense housing series the Rogan’s new defense home at the Franklin Terrace housing Erie. July .Lot . project in Erie, Pennsylvania. His father is a drill press operator Another family moves into the defense trailer camp at Erie, at the nearby plant of the General Electric Company, which is Pennsylvania. Over  workers a week are brought in to the working three shifts on defense contracts. General Electric plant, one of the ten defense industries located LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- there, creating an acute housing shortage. Preference is given to USE-D-. General Electric employees,since G.E. employs over , men on important Naval contracts. A built-up flat roofing is applied to the individual unit. Here work- men are laying the last covering before the finished coat.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 192 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. pletes a framework between : and noon. Another crew of  men raises the framework, supplies stud frames, floor joists, etc. A built-up roofing is applied to the individual unit. Here a work- and finishes by :, Erie, July . man tends to the vat in which the pitch is kept molten. Pitch is Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management no. D-; hoisted to the roof in buckets. D-; D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Note: Three views. Not seen on LC website or microfilm.

Cutting sheeting to size with power driven hand saws speed up the A few of the recently completed homes for defense workers in Erie, work of the sheeting crew. Pennsylvania. Actual construction on these homes started in the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. latter part of April, .By the first of July, sixty were complet- ed, with scheduled completion of the other  by October. A defense worker takes the time out for the cameraman. He’s a road LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. construction worker at a vast defense housing project, which will provide homes for thousands of defense workers in Erie, The filling materials are carefully rolled to provide a firm founda- Pennsylvania. July . tion for the paved streets. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Each trailer in this defense workers camp has a  x  foot plot of Foreman of the central plumbing assembly shop on the Franklin ground, and is equipped with a gasoline pressure stove, ice box, Terrace Defense Housing Project, Erie, July . davenport beds, and gate leg tables. The Central utility building Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management Negative (right) has toilets, showers and laundry facilities for sixty trail- no. D-. ers, Erie, Summer (?). Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management Negative no. D-. The Franklin Terrace defense housing project at Erie, Pennsylvania Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. is completed with spacious, wide-paved streets. Because of its size ( homes are being constructed) the most modern road Electricians wiring defense homes at Franklin Terrace housing proj- building machinery was used throughout. Here a street is care- ect. Defense homes are provided with electricity, sewage, police fully graded to receive the filling and paving materials. and fire protection. In many cases, a lump sum for all services is LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. paid to the city in lieu of taxes. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- George Miller, plumber, is foreman of the central plumbing assem- USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-. bly shop. He and his helpers assemble most of the plumbing for Note: D- indicates “Electrician,” but photograph shows this -unit defense housing project. two men. Also slight variation in titles. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

The entire floor-laying operation on Franklin Terrace Defense A good filling bed of rock-like material is laid on the graded street Project is accomplished in a few hours. Asphalt paper is spread surface. over a cinder filling. Later wire reinforcements for the cement LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- floor are added. USE-D-. Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management,D-. Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. A hod-carrier who is employed on the Franklin Terrace Defense Housing Project, Erie, Summer (?) The entire framework for houses in the Franklin Terrace Defense Fiche no. :U.S.Office for Emergency Management, Negative Housing Project fabricated horizontally. This crew will repeat no. D-. their same job later at another site. One crew of  men com- Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 193 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

In tight corners the old hand saw still finds a spot. Pre-fabricating is LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. not carried to time-wasting extremes, and there are a few places where hand cutting on the spot can do the job faster. Modern bathrooms are speedily installed in the  defense homes LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. at the Franklin Terrace housing project. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Interior of administration building at trailer site. Milton Ackerman (right), project manager, reviews applications of prospective Modern bathrooms and kitchens are speedily installed in the  trailer residents while an assistant sorts mail for trailer tenants. defense homes at the Franklin Terrace housing project. Here LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. kitchen cabinets and shelving are carried in. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Interior of the laundry of one of the central utility buildings of the defense trailer camp at Erie, Pennsylvania. Complete laundry Mr.Rogan is a drill press operator at a nearby plant which is work- facilities, including tubs, ringers, ironing boards and drying lines ing three shifts on defense contracts. Mr.Rogan earns $. a are provided. Also located in the building are showers, wash week, and spends about twenty percent of his income for rent. basins, and toilets. All facilities are included in the weekly trailer LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. rental of $. per week. Note: Wrong caption applied to this photograph:“Mrs. B. J. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Rogan and her small son, Bernie, in the kitchen of the Rogan’s new war home at the Franklin Terrace housing project in Erie, Interiors of defense homes are attractively finished. Although econo- Pennsylvania. Mr. Rogan is a drill press operator at a nearby my is imperative, no jerry-building or shoddy construction is plant which is is working three shifts on defense contracts. allowed. Mr. Rogan earns $. a week, and spends about twenty per- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. cent of his income for rent.”The actual photograph shows Mr. Rogan sitting in his living room reading the paper. The J. P. Kane, defense housing project manager at the Franklin Terrace caption for this photograph is derived from the second part of project, explains the forced-air heating system of a defense home the wrong caption. to B. J. Rogan, worker in the General Electric plant at Erie, Pennsylvania. Mrs. B. J. Rogan and young son inspect the gas operated refrigera- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. tor of their new defense home, while J. P. Kane, housing manag- er, looks on. July . Leveling-off process between cement foundation blocks preparatory LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. to receiving cinder filling. Cement floor will later be poured over with reinforcements. Mrs. B. J. Rogan in the bedroom of the Rogan’s new defense home LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. at the Franklin Terrace housing project in Erie, Pennsylvania. Her husband is a drill operator at the nearby General Electric A member of the Visiting Nurse Association pays a call to one of Company plant, which is working three shifts on defense con- many young tenants of the defense trailer camp.High standards tracts. of sanitation are maintained, and every precaution is taken to LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. guard against epidemic and disease. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- Mrs. Henry Colomy, Jr., is the beauty expert at the trailer camp. USE-D-. She does not charge for her services, and young housewives return her kindness by taking care of Mrs. Colomy’s young son Milton Ackerman, manager of the Defense Trailer Project at Erie, when she does her weekly shopping, or sometimes in the form of Pennsylvania, receives an application from Mrs. George Cole. gifts. The husbands of both Mrs. Colomy and Mrs. Rogan (seat- Her husband is employed in the General Electric plant, which ed) are employed at the General Electric plant in Erie, holds large defense contracts. Seated at the desk is Ackerman’s Pennsylvania. assistant, who handles mail, and telephone inquires for tenants. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 194 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

One part of the crew sheets the flooring as the walls are going S. J. Patterson, a carpenter employed on the Franklin Terrace up. The progress of the work is checked frequently against the Defense Housing Project, worked at Ford Meade, Maryland dur- working blueprints. ing the First World War, Erie, Summer (?). LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management, Negative no. D-. Painters finished up window frames on defense homes in Erie, Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. Pennsylvania. No painting is required on the cement-asbestos shingles, since their natural finish is light, durable and A sheeting crew at work on the Franklin Terrace Defense Housing attractive. Project. Fourteen sheeting men follow the stud and joisting crew LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. and cover all the outside walls in an amazing short time, Erie, July . A plasterer who is employed on the Franklin Terrace Defense Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management,no. D-. Housing Project, Erie, Summer (?). Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management, Negative no. D-. The sheeting-over of the second floor nears completion. Buildings of Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. the plant where are employed many of the defense workers who will move into these homes, can be seen in the background. Plastering the ceiling of one of the houses in the Franklin Terrace LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Defense Housing Project, Erie, Summer (?). Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management, Negative A shingling crew moves in. Exteriors are finished with an abestos no. D-. cement composition shingle which provides insulation and Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. weather-proofing. Shingles are secured over a tar-paper insula- tion with bronzed, rust resisting nails. Plumbing that has been assembled at a central shop on the con- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- struction site is speedily placed in the foundation of a defense USE-D-. house at the Franklin Terrace housing project. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Sidewalks are paved and smoothed while the  defense homes at the Franklin Terrace housing projects are rapidly nearing Prefabricated sheets of asbestos reinforced with gypsum are used on completion. the Franklin Terrace Defense Housing Project as a base for plas- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. ter walls and ceilings. A crew of  men can lathe a  unit build- ing in a few hours, Erie, Summer (?). Some of the  homes in the Franklin Terrace Defense Housing Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management, no. D-, Project during an early stage in construction, Erie, July . D-. Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management,no. D-. Note: Two views. Not seen on LC website or microfilm. Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm.

Sewage pipes are placed for the  defense homes at the Franklin Stud spacings are filled in as recommended by Fire Underwriters Terrace housing project. Sewage, water, police and fire protection Board to eliminate the chimney-like fire path that would other- are provided by the city for a lump sum paid in lieu of taxes. wise be created. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

S. J. Patterson, carpenter, works on his second defense housing proj- This carpenter said he considered the defense homes built in Erie, ect. His first was during World War I at Fort Meade, Maryland. Pennsylvania, to be the best examples of efficient workmanship LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. and sound lasting construction that he had yet seen. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 195 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

This machine digs several feet of ditch for piping an hour. The job A worker at the Franklin Terrace Defense Housing Project cutting would require many days by hand. sheeting with a power driven hand saw, Erie, Summer (?). LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Fiche no. : US Office of Emergency Management Negative No. D-. This worker caulks window frames with a pressure gun. Air pres- Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. sure quickly forces putty into crevices which cannot be reached by hand. A workman installs a forced-air heating system in one of the  LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. defense homes located at the Franklin Terrace housing project. This unit burns coal. This worker on defense homes in Erie, is a school teacher during the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. winter months. During the summer of  he worked on the Franklin Terrace housing project as a laborer. Workmen on the Franklin Terrace Defense Housing Project apply- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. ing asbestos cement composition shingles over tar paper insula- tion to provide weather proofing, Erie, Summer (?). Typical of the many families to take advantage of the defense trailer Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management no. D-. camp in Erie, Pennsylvania, is B. J. Rogan (right), his wife (third Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. from right), and small son. They are shown here inside their trailer home, chatting with neighbors. Rogan is employed as a Etna drill press operator at $. a week in the nearby General Blast furnace at Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation Mill, Etna, Electric Plant. November . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsac a :LC-USW-; fsac a :LC- USW-. The wall sheeting mounts rapidly. Pre-cut sheeting is always at Note: These are color photographs. Not seen on fiche or micro- hand to keep this carpenter supplied, thereby cutting down film. LC title for : “Blast furnaces. . . .” LC website indicates waste time. that B&W photographs are in Lot -. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. The four freedoms. All out for defense is this Eastern steel mill. The Window and door frames are pre-fabricated at the site by special- furnaces are running twenty-four hours a day as American labor ized crews. They are given a primer coating of paint before being and American industry cooperate in the greatest armament assembled into the structure. effort of all time. Etna [between  and ]. LC website: fsa b:LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Window and door frames for the Franklin Terrace Defense Housing Iron ore piles and blast furnaces, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Project are prefabricated at the site. They are given a coat of Corporation Mill, Etna, November . priming paint before they are built into the structures, Erie, LC website: fsac a :LC-USW-. Summer (?). Note: This is a color photograph. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. Fiche no. : US Office for Emergency Management no. D-. LC website indicates B&W photograph in Lot -. Note: Not seen on LC website or microfilm. To harness the earth for the defense of democracy, these chimneys at Window and door frames are pre-fabricated at the site by special- an Etna, Pennsylvania steel mill are belching forth smoke twen- ized crews.They are given a primer coating of paint before being ty-four hours a day. American steel mills have pushed produc- assembled into the structure. One of these pre-fabricated win- tion up to the very limit of their capacity. ? dow frames is shown here being carried to the point of installa- LC website: LC-USE-MD-.Lot . tion. Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . or microfilm.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 196 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

Farrell Serving it up hot for the Axis. Molten iron flows from a blast fur- Steel production series nace of a big Eastern mill. In the later processes it will be con- Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporations. Farrell. November . verted to steel for our wartime needs. American blast furnaces are breaking all records these days. The LC website: LC-USE-D-. iron they produce will be converted to steel to meet the needs of Note: LC indicates “no digital image available.”Not seen on fiche our armed forces. or microfilm. Original negative missing, ca. . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-. The steel industry backs the nation’s production drive. Record- breaking tonnages of iron for steel making come from the blast Armor plate press operator. The man who handles the  ton furnaces of an Eastern plant, one of many in the world’s greatest plate-finishing press at an Eastern mill has a very responsible production drive. position. Great skill and care are required as he operates the LC website: LC-USE-D-. huge machine with only three levers. Note: LC indicates “no digital image available.”Not seen on fiche LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. or microfilm. Original negative missing, ca. .

A few minutes of well-earned rest for a strong, capable man. His The steel industry poised for wartime demands. Huge ore piles work in an Eastern armor plate mill is an important contribu- await feeding to hungry blast furnaces. tion to America’s war production drive. LC website: LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche or microfilm. A gas main and air pipe serving a group of Eastern blast furnaces contributes in important ways to the production of iron for steel Steel is the backbone of war production. An ore bridge serving a big making. Eastern plant carries enormous quantities of material to the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. hungry blast furnaces. LC website: LC-USE-D-. The gas main and gas valve chambers of a blast furnace serve Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Original negative important purposes in the production of iron for steel making. missing, ca. .Not seen on fiche or microfilm. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Tank armor production series Iron for the sinews of war.Huge ore piles feed the hungry maws of Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp. Farrell. November . the blast furnaces. From the iron here produced will be made the Abrasive cleaning operators who prepare mill plates for processing various steels required by our armed forces. into tank armor must wear protective clothing of heavy rubber. LC website: LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. . Note: LC indicates : no digital image available. Brake presses flatten each piece of tank armor plate after flame-cut- ting and before machining. Every plane must be perfectly flat to More iron for steel production. Hot molten metal flows from the tap ensure a tight fit in the tank. hole into a trough at a big Eastern blast furnace is cast. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Cutting tools for planers in an armor plate mill are forged from Production of iron for steel making tops all world records. An high speed steel on the steam hammer of a big Eastern mill pro- Eastern blast furnace swells the volume for victory. ducing tank armor. LC website: fsa b LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 197 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

Large mill plates for the making of tank armor plate are handled New Castle with heavy crane hooks during the heat treating, rough flatten- Shenango Pottery Works series ing and abrasive. New Castle. December . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. [Note: LC indicates all photographs also in Lot .Not seen on fiche. LC also indicates “New Castle” as “Newcastle.”] Moving tank armor for our fighting forces. A small overhead crane in an Eastern mill moves a section of protective plate. Applying blue bands on china for the wardroom officers mess of the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. U.S. Navy. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Rivet holes for the armor plates of military tanks are run on a verti- cal drill press in an Eastern mill. Army Quartermaster gravyboats on their way to one of the kilns. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Frankford Arsenal Car of ware placed in saggers ready to go into tunnel kiln. (see Philadelphia) LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Franklin Terrace Defence Housing Project Chipping spots off china. (see entries under Erie) LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Lyons Station Decorating cups for the Navy. (see Reading) LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

McKeesport Decorating plates for the officers’ mess of the U.S. Navy. Citation winner. Herbert Rudolph James, certificate winner, an LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. employee of the Christy Park Works, National Tube Company, McKeesport, Pennsylvania, at the luncheon tendered by Donald Dipping cups in glaze solution and drying. M. Nelson, Chairman of the War Production Board (WPB), fol- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D- lowing the White House ceremony. December . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Finishing dishes. Note: This photograph was taken in Washington, D.C. See Other LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. & Unidentified Photographs section for another photograph of Herbert Rudolph James. Forming the back of a plate. This process is known as jiggering. A plaster of Paris mould forms the shape of the face of the plate. Citation winners. President Roosevelt, shown awarding a LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Certificate to Herbert R. James, an employee of the Christy Park Works, National Tube Company, McKeesport, Pennsylvania. Inspecting unfired butter chips for the Army Medical Department. December . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Note: This photograph was taken in Washington, D.C. See Other Lawning dry color to be used in decorating medical department & Unidentified Photographs section for another photograph chinaware. of Herbert Rudolph James. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Mohrsville Loading dishes into containers preparatory to baking. (see Reading) LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 198 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

Loading saggers to take ware on tunnel kiln hearth. This is the charging end of the pug mill. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

One of the girls who removes finished china from the conveyor belt. This is the exit end of a pug mill which prepares the plastic clays These girls operate at a very high rate of speed. used in forming various articles of chinaware. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Part of , large oval serving dishes ready for shipment to the Throwing liners to be used in making medical department Army Quartermaster. coffee cups. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-. USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Racks which hold china after having been painted. Turning on a hand lathe the outside surface of a partially-dried LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. blank for a medical department coffee cup. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Removing cakes of clay from one of a battery of filter presses.This operation precedes the pug mill. Trimming the edges of plates for the Army Quartermaster. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Removing finished ware from saggers. Ware shipped to the Army Quartermaster has straw placed between LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. each piece and is then packed in large wooden barrels. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Removing firing marks from the back of a dinner plate for the Army Quartermaster. Oil City LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. (see also Bradford) Quaker State Refining Company series Removing firing marks from the backs of dinner plates for the Oil City. September .Lot . crew’s mess of the Navy. The best is none too good for the mechanized divisions of our Army LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. and Navy. These are distillation units with run-down and coal storage tanks in the foreground. Removing saggers and ware from exit end of tunnel kiln. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. It’s highly skilled work, seeing to it that the oil refined for our mili- Sticking handles on coffee cups. tary machines is of the highest quality. This worker is inspecting LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. the solution tower for denaphthizing bright stock. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. This battery of ball mills grinds to an extreme fineness the feldspar, white sand and clays which are the basic ingredients of all china. These are the solution and vacuum towers.This refinery is working This operation takes twenty-four hours. at full capacity to assure our military forces of ample supplies of LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. the high-grade lubricants needed to operate ships, guns, tanks, and planes. This grist mill crushes feldspar, one of the ingredients used in the LC website: fsa b:LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- manufacture of chinaware. USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 199 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

Philadelphia Into this fifty-ton electric furnace at Allegheny-Ludlum, steelwork- [Note: Some photographs of the Frankford Arsenal are placed by ers load scrap materials which will be “cooked” into high alloy LC in Frankford, and others in Philadelphia. Location is steel for America’s ships and guns and tanks. Philadelphia.] LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Mother of the assembly line. Clip spring and body assembly for  The three men watch the beginning of a tapping operation on a caliber catridges at a large eastern arsenal. Frankford Arsenal, small (thirty-five ton) electric furnace. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ? LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Woolslayer interrupts the tour to chat with one of the plant guards, Philadelphia Vicinity a veteran employee. The poster was designed by the same gov- (see also Reading) ernment office responsible for the “Men Working Together” On many Pennsylvania commuter trains in the Philadelphia area, poster. trainmen are relieved for service in the Armed Forces and LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. replaced by women, Reading (vicinity), (?). LC website: LC-USW--C. Reading Fiche no. :LC-USW-. (see also Philadelphia Vicinity) Microfilm: Lot , Reel . [Note: These photographs are brought together in Microfilm Lot Note: “Near Reading” handwritten on fiche caption. LC indicates , Reel , under the rubric “Women in war industry and no digital image available. Image available on fiche and replacing men in wartime jobs.”Not all of the photographs microfilm. identify the place as “Reading,” but within the context of the numbering of negatives they may all be “Reading” photo- Pittsburgh graphs.] “A poster comes to life” series Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp. Pittsburgh, August . Lot . Kathryn M. Miller, first woman to be employed as a laborer at the An arm that’s taking a crack at the Axis. Reading Company general stores. She is the first to qualify as an LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. operator of the tricky electric trucks which move loads about the busy platforms in the local yard. She is a former hosiery mill Another democratic institution, beer and pretzels. Chief radioman employee and says she doesn’t mind the cold at all, (?). Evans, at extreme left, reached for a slice of the ham which LC website: LC-USW--C Mrs. Woolslayer is serving. Sergeant Vineyard is wearing the Fiche no.  :LC-USW--ZC. paper hat. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: LC-USE-D-. Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Image available on Note: LC indicates no digital image available. fiche and microfilm.

A gathering place for many of the workers is the local union May M. Link, working at the anvil straightening bolts for reclama- headquarters. Woolslayer took his service friends there to tion. She can tell the size of the bolts, too, merely by looking at “meet the boys.” them, Reading, ? LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: LC-USW--C. Fiche no.  :LC-USW--ZC. In a small blacksmith and maintenance shop on the mill grounds, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Woolslayer and Sergeant Vineyard watch men at work on a drop Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Image available on hammer shaping a red-hot crane hook. fiche and microfilm. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 200 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

Mrs. Esther Henderson (left) of Lyons Station, and Mrs. Orville Women war workers, (?) Sloyer, unloading bales of insulating material for storage in the LC website: fsac a :LC-USW-. lumber shed, (?). Note: This is a color photograph. LC website provides no other LC website: LC-USW--C. information than that this is a Pennsylvania photograph. Not Fiche no.  :LC-USW--ZC. seen on fiche or microfilm. LC website also indicates B&W Microfilm: Lot , Reel . photograph is in Lot -. Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Image available on fiche and microfilm. Women workers on the Reading Railroad, (?). LC website: LC-USW--C, LC-USW--C. Mrs. Maude T. Henry, of Mohrsville, operating a lift jack prepara- Fiche no. . tory to moving a load of car journal bearings, (?). Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC website: LC-USW--C. Note: LC indicates for -C, -C no digital image avail- Fiche no.  :LC-USW--ZC. able. Images available on fiche and microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Image available on Sharon fiche and microfilm. Transformer manufacture series Westinghouse. Sharon. February . A switchtender on the Pennsylvania Railroad helping to classify Before transformer coils are wound, condenser plates must be freight trains at a large eastern freight yard. The electric controls inspected. These transformers are vital to war production and on the board actuate rail switches in the yard. She is taking the are used to produce power in almost every phase of America’s place of a man now in the Armed Forces, ? war effort. LC website: LC-USW--C. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Fiche no.  :LC-USW--ZC. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Checking the rigging of big power transformers is a skilled job and Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Image available on one that’s extremely important to America’s war effort these fiche and microfilm. days. Transformers are essential to almost every phase of war production. Virginia Fisher, , and Edith McDonald, , unloading boxes from LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. a freight car,Reading, (?). LC website: LC-USW--C. Checking stock of distribution transformer coils in large Eastern Fiche no. :LC-USW--ZC. plant. With enormously increased production all over the coun- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . try as a result of war contracts, these coils are intrinsically Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Image available on important to America’s war program. fiche and microfilm. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Washing locomotives is an old business, but it is a new thing to see Essential to the efficiency of thousands of plants producing war women doing the work. This crew of women engine cleaners on materials are these distribution transformers, here being assem- the Pennsyvania Railroad is taking the places of men called into bled on assembly line in a large Eastern plant. the Armed Services, ? LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: LC-USW--C. Fiche no. :LC-USW--ZC. Fitting up outer parts of giant transformers is one of the skilled jobs Microfilm: Lot , Reel . done by employees of a large Eastern electrical company. The Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Image available on demand for power transformers has increased in proportion to fiche and microfilm. America’s ever-increasing war production.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 201 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- Part of a large Eastern electrical plant where large transformer USE-D-. tanks are shaped and welded. Power transformers are an impor- tant part of America’s war effort. Flowing at the rate of ninety feet per minute, the flattened copper LC website: LC-USE-D-. wire is wrapped with insulating tape by these machines. The Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche workers pictured here stand by ready to change spools. or microfilm. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-. Spools of copper wire used in transformer manufacture. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. For many years this employee of a large Eastern electrical company has been winding low voltage coils for power transformers. He’s The ever-increasing production of ships and tanks and guns is nec- become one of Uncle Sam’s valued workers, because transformers essary to America’s war program; production of these demands are essential to almost every phase of the armament program. hundreds of thousands of transformers to convert electric current LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. into power. Pretty Betty Llewelyn winds coils for distribution transformers in a large Eastern plant. Forming the heart of the giant transformers which manufacture LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. power for America’s war production plants, these spools of cop- per wire are lifted by a crane, guided into place by a worker. These bus bars are made primarily of copper; they’re part of the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- workings of giant transformers which are necessary to war. USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

A large Eastern electrical company where huge power transformers, These large transformers are being prepared for testing in a large vital to America’s war effort, are produced. Power transformers Eastern plant given over almost entirely to the manufacture of are essential to almost every phase of America’s war production transformers. Transformers are vital to almost every phase of program. war production. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Men with nimble fingers make good coil winders. These two This employee of a large Eastern electrical plant has the job of get- employees of a large Eastern electrical company are producing ting these big cores and coils into shape before they are lowered transformers essential to war industries. into steel transformer tanks and immersed in oil. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.

Nimble fingers are essential to rapid and skilled winding of coils for Veteran coil winders of a great electrical plant check stacks of fin- distribution transformers; for this reason, women are often pre- ished coils, the kind that are found in small distribution trans- ferred for the job. Production of these coils has been stepped up formers on light poles throughout the country. enormously due to the war production program. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Welding is an intrinsic part of the manufacture of transformers. Oval wrapped copper coils which go into power transformers; This welder is employed by a large Eastern electrical company demand for these transformers has increased in direct ratio to whose power transformers are needed by many factories engaged America’s increased production of war materials. Transformers in war production. are used in almost every phase of the armament program. LC website: LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D- LC website: LC-USE-D-. . Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche Note: LC indicates for : no digital image available. Not or microfilm. seen on fiche or microfilm. Image available in LC for .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 202 ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

Welding is an intrinsic part of the manufacture of transformers. Overhead crane operator, ? This welder is employed by a large Eastern electrical company LC website: LC-USW--C. whose power transformers are needed by many factories engaged Microfilm: Lot , Reel . in war production. He’s welding cover flanges for steel trans- Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche. former tanks. Image available on microfilm. “Todd”indicated on hard hat. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Petrina Moore, a full blooded Cherokee Indian girl, now a welder Welding is an intrinsic part of the manufacture of transformers. at the Todd Hoboken dry dock. This welder is employed by a large Eastern electrical company LC website: LC-USW--C. whose power transformers are needed by many factories Microfilm: Lot , Reel . engaged in war production. He’s welding pipes on a power Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche. transformer tank. Image available on microfilm. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-;LC-USE-D- . Women welders on the way to their job at the Todd Erie Basin dry Note: LC indicates no digital image available for .Image dock, ? available for . LC website: LC-USW--C. Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche. Todd Erie Basin Dry Dock Image available on microfilm. [Note: LC places these photographs in Pennsylvania.] Unidentified Place Band saw cutting metal pipe, ? Smoke stacks, . LC website: LC-USW--C. LC website: fsac a :LC-USW-; fsac a :LC- Microfilm: Lot , Reel . USW-; fsac a :LC-USW-; fsac a :LC- Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche. USW-; fsac a :LC-USW-. Image available on microfilm. Worker has “Todd”indicated Note: These are color photographs. LC website provides no other on hard hat. information regarding whether these are actually Pennsylvania photographs. These may be related to Palmer Dina Hotard operating mortice machine in joiner shop, ? photographs of the Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp. and LC website: LC-USW--C. Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corporation. Not seen on fiche or Microfilm: Lot , Reel . microfilm. LC website also indicates that B&W photographs Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche. are in Lot -. Image available on microfilm. Hotard has “Todd”indicated on her hard hat. A l fred Pa l mer or George Danor Drill press operator, ? LC website: LC-USW--C. East Pittsburgh Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Citations of individual production merit awarded. The first five Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche. Citations of Individual Production Merit have been awarded to Image available on microfilm. “Todd”indicated on hard hat. five war workers, War Production Drive Headquarters has announced. The citation is the highest honor conferred for indi- Martha Bryant and Eulalie Hampden operating a bolt cutting vidual achievement. It is granted only for ideas or suggestions machine, ? that have an outstanding effect on the entire war effort. Clinton LC website: LC-USW--C. R. Hanna, East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a research department Microfilm: Lot , Reel . manager for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co., Note: LC indicates no digital image available. Not seen on fiche. suggested a method of increasing the effectiveness of Army tanks. Image available on microfilm. “Todd”indicated on hard hat. This method is a military secret. .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 203 ALFRED PALMER or GEORGE DA NOR (cont.)

LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Coal mining is serious business, an army sergeant learns from two Note: LC attributes photograph to Alfred Palmer or George anthracite miners as they prepare to descend into the mine. At Danor. Photograph was taken in Washington, D.C. Pennsylvania miners’ rallies, on September th through October st, servicemen learned how hard coal is extracted beneath the earth’s surface. G o rdon Pa r k s LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot .

[Note: As far as can be determined, Parks took no photographs A fighting tool of the production front is this pneumatic drill that in Pennsylvania during the FSA-OWI period. The Roy Stryker anthracite miners use to produce hard coal. Servicemen learned Collection at the University of Louisville includes four photo- how anthracite is mined at a miners’ rally in Hazleton, graphs taken in Pennsylvania that are dated , after the Pennsylvania. Anthracite miners’ rallies were held in four FSA-OWI period. See Pennsylvania cities from September th through October st. http://digilib.kcvl.org/dynaweb/oak/klgead/klgscead/@Generic LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . __CollectionView: ..; ..; ..; ...] How the mines contribute to the nation’s scrap pile was demon- strated by an enthusiastic miner during an anthracite rally, one of four held in Eastern Pennsylvania,September th through William Pe r l it c h October st. October . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- [Note: See also entries under William Perlitch or Alfred Palmer; USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa Alfred Palmer.] b :LC-USE-D-.Lot .

Eastern Pennsylvania: Scranton, Hazleton, Mount Carmel, A lively discussion resulted when labor and management talked Wilkes-Barre War production drive. Anthracite rallies. over production problems of the anthracite industry in October , between -. Pennsylvania. This is one of the many labor-management Anthracite mine workers at a war bond rally. Such rallies were held anthracite committees in the state. Anthracite miners’ rallies at many points in Eastern Pennsylvania from September th were held in four Pennsylvania cities, September th through through October st. October st. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-.Lot . Anthracite miners listened attentively to Nurse Anne Bernatitus, who spoke on the crucial need for more hard coal production. A lucky miner who received a $ war bond at one of the four The occasion was an anthracite miners’ rally—one of four held anthracite miners’ rallies in Eastern Pennsylvania on September in Pennsylvania’s anthracite area from September th through th through October st. Only miners with % work atten- October st. dance could participate in the drawing. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Note: See also entry on Anne Bernatitus under Wilkes-Barre. Miners and soldiers at the Pennsylvania anthracite rallies, Army and U.S. Treasury flags fly alongside the stars and stripes at a September th through October st, learned what each is doing Pennsylvania anthracite mine. Coal miners and servicemen to help win the war. Two miners enjoy a ride in an army jeep. joined in the rallies, September th through October st, in the LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . anthracite region to learn what each is doing to help win the war. No jeep, this underground car in a Pennsylvania anthracite mine. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Soldiers learned how hard coal is mined at the anthracite min-

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 204 WILLIAM PERLITCH (cont.)

ers’ rallies held in Eastern Pennsylvania, September th from the ground. The rallies were held from September th through October st. October . through October st at Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Hazleton and LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Servicemen working together! Soldiers, sailors and marines went into Pennsylvania mines during the anthracite rallies, September Soldiers saw how the production front fights when coal miners took th through October st, and saw how hard coal is extracted them underground during the anthracite miners’ rallies, from beneath the earth’s surface. September th through October st, at Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Hazleton and Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Smiling with pleasure, a coal miner reads the paycheck enclosure which explains the importance to the war effort of all-out pro- Soldiers taught a coal miner how to operate a machine gun at an duction. He extracts anthracite, or hard coal, from an Eastern anthracite rally, one of four held in Eastern Pennsylvania from Pennsylvania mine. September th through October st. Servicemen and miners LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- attended the rallies and saw what each was contributing toward USE-D-.Lot . winning the war. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . A soldier is shown how a miner swings a pick under a low ceiling in a Pennsylvania anthracite mine. Soldiers, sailors and miners War production drive. Anthracite rallies.The war is serious busi- attended the anthracite miners’ rallies in Scranton, Wilkes- ness to these representatives of the fighting and production Barre, Hazleton and Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, September fronts. Servicemen learned how hard coal is extracted from th through October st. Eastern Pennsylvania mines at the anthracite rallies held LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . September th through October st. October . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . A soldier wears a miners’ cap and lamp before he descends the shaft into the mine. Servicemen at the four anthracite rallies in Hazleton Eastern Pennsylvania, September th through October st, saw War production drive. Anthracite rallies. October . first-hand how hard coal is mined. Alex Nordholm, Chief of Field Operations, War Production Drive, LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . addressed servicemen and miners at the anthracite rally in Hazleton, Pennsylvania. Anthracite miners’ rallies were held in Soldiers and sailors learned how miners produce anthracite at ral- four Pennsylvania cities, September th through October st. lies held in Eastern Pennsylvania, September th through LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- October st. Cities that participated were: Scranton, Wilkes- USE-D-.Lot . Barre, Hazleton, and Mount Carmel. Note: No Lot number indicated for . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Soldiers march in formation at the anthracite miners’ rally in Soldiers and sailors saw workers in action at anthracite mines dur- Hazleton, Pennsylvania. During the day miners showed the sol- ing the rallies held in Scranton, Hazleton, Wilkes-Barre, and Mt. diers and sailors how hard coal is mined. Miners’ rallies were Carmel, Pennsylvania, from September th through October held in four Pennsylvania anthracite area cities from September st. Production posters displayed on mine locations urge miners th through October st. to turn out more hard coal. Between  and . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Wilkes-Barre Soldiers and sailors went underground with Pennsylvania miners at War production drive. Anthracite rallies. October . anthracite miners’ rallies to learn how hard coal is extracted

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 205 WILLIAM PERLITCH (cont.)

“I pledge allegiance to my flag. . . .” Corporal Bennick led the crowd Earl Schenck, naval consultant, speaking before labor-management in the oath of allegiance at the rally for anthracite miners in committee members at Hazleton, July th. Between  Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Anthracite miners’ rallies were held and . in four Pennsylvania cities September th through October st. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . USE-D-.Lot .

Jeep headlights form V for victory at the night rally for Earl Williams, torpedoed sailor, speaking before labor-management Pennsylvania anthracite miners in Wilkes-Barre on September committee members at Hazleton, July th. Between  and th. Similar rallies were held in other anthracite area cities . from September th through October st. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . USE-D-.Lot .

Nurse Anne Bernatitus spoke to anthracite miners on the crucial Frank W. Earnest, Jr. President, Anthracite Industries Incorporated, need for more coal production, at the anthracite rally in Wilkes- speaking before labor-management committee members at Barre, Pennsylvania, her hometown. The rally was one of four Hazleton, July th. Between  and . held in Eastern Pennsylvania cities, September th through LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . October st. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Members of joint labor-management committees at Hazleton, July Note: See also entry on Anne Bernatitus under Eastern th. Between  and . Pennsylvania. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-.Lot .

William Pe r l itch or Alfred Pa l me r The three heroes, Earl Schenck, Earl Williams, and Dmitri Goulandris, who spoke before labor-management committee [Note: LC indicates “Photographed by William Perlitch or Alfred members at Hazleton, July th. Between  and . T. Palmer.” See also entries under William Perlitch; Alfred LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- Palmer.] USE-D-.Lot .

Hazleton Pottsville Alex G. Nordholm, Chief, Regional Service, War Production Drive J. F. Kershetsky,District President of the United Mine Workers of Headquarters, speaking before labor-management committee America (UMW), speaking before labor-management committee members at Hazleton, July th. Between  and . members at Pottsville, July th. Between  and . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot .

Brigadier General Brice P.Disque, Coordinator for Anthracite, Members of joint labor-management committees at Pottsville, July Office of Solid Fuels Coordinator for War, Department of th. Between  and . Interior, speaking before labor-management committee members LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- at Hazleton, July th. Between  and . USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D- .Lot . Dmitri Goulandris, torpedoed sailor, speaking before labor-man- agement committee members at Hazleton, July th. Between Members of joint labor-management committees at Pottsville, July  and . th. Alex G. Nordholm, Chief, Regional Service, War LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- Production Drive Headquarters, speaking. Seated: J. F. USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Kershetsky, chairman. Between  and . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 206 WILLIAM PERLITCH or ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

Members of joint labor-management committees at Pottsville, July bers at Scranton, July th. Michael J. Kosik, seated. Between th. Speaking: Dmitri Goulandris, torpedoed sailor. Seated:  and . Chairman J. F. Kershetsky. Between  and . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . USE-D-.Lot .

Scranton Mart F. Brennan, Acting District President, United Mine Workers Alex G. Nordholm, Chief, Regional Service, War Production Drive of America, and Regional Representative of UMWA for Headquarters, speaking before labor-management committee anthracite, speaking before labor-management committee mem- members at Scranton, July th. Between  and . bers at Scranton, July th. Seated, Michael J. Kosik. Between LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot .  and . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Alex G. Nordholm, Chief, Regional Service, War Production Drive Headquarters, speaking before labor-management committee Meeting of speakers, prior to rally for labor-management committee members at Scranton, July th. Seated, left to right: Earl members, Scranton, July th. Left to right: Brigadier General Schenck, Naval Consultant; Earl Williams, tanker sailor; Dmitri Brice P.Disque, Coordinator for Anthracite, Office of Solid Fuels Goulandris, torpedoed sailor; Michael J. Kosik. Between  Coordinator for War, Department of Interior; Richard Maize, and . Secretary of Mines, State of Pennsylvania; Michael J. Kosik, LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . District President of United Mine Workers of America; Alex G. Nordholm, Chief, Regional Service, War Production Drive Alex G. Nordholm, Chief, Regional Service, War Production Drive Headquarters; Mart F. Brennan, Acting District President, Headquarters, speaking before labor-management committee UMWA and Regional Representative of UMWA for anthracite; members at Scranton, July th. Seated left to right: Earl Frank W. Earnest, Jr., President, Anthracite Industries Williams, Dmitri Goulandris and Michael J. Kosik. Between Incorporated; Frank C. Wright, Jr., Washington representative  and . for the anthracite industry. Between  and . LC website: fsa b LC-USE-D-.Lot . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot .

Earl Schenck, naval consultant, speaking before labor-management Members of joint labor-management committees at Scranton, July committee members at Scranton, July th. Between  . Between  and . and . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-; fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . USE-D-.Lot . The miners’ quartet singing mine songs before labor-management Earl Williams, torpedoed sailor, speaking before labor-management committee members at Scranton, July th. Between  committee members at Scranton, July th. Between  and and . . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- USE-D-.Lot . Richard Maize, Secretary of Mines, State of Pennsylvania, speaking before labor-management committee members at Scranton, July Dmitri Goulandris, torpedoed sailor, speaking before labor-man- th. Between  and . agement committee members at Scranton, July th. Between LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot .  and . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Richard Maize, Secretary of Mines, State of Pennsylvania, speaking before labor-management committee members at Scranton, July Frank C. Wright, Jr., Washington representative for the anthracite th. Michael J. Kosik, seated. Between  and . industry, speaking before labor-management committee mem- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 207 WILLIAM PERLITCH or ALFRED PALMER (cont.)

Speakers prior to rally for labor-management committee members, H. Arm stro ng Ro b e rt s Scranton, July th. Front row, left to right: Michael J. Kosik, Mart F. Brennan, Frank W. Earnest, Jr., and Richard Maize. Philadelphia Rear row, left to right: Brigadier General Brice P.Disque, Frank Cars parked in outdoor lot in industrial section, C. Wright, Jr., and Alex G. Nordholm. Between  and . Philadelphia, . LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Fiche no. :LC-USW--ZC. Note: Original date typed in caption, -(?), crossed out and Meeting of speakers, prior to rally for labor-management committee  pencilled in. Also has No. T.Not seen on LC website members, Scranton, July th. Left to right: Brigadier General or microfilm. Brice P.Disque, Coordinator for Anthracite, Office of Solid Fuels Coordinator for War, Department of Interior; Richard Maize, Foxhill Farm, Pennsylvania? Between -? Secretary of Mines, State of Pennsylvania; Michael J. Kosik, LC website: fsa c :LC-USF--ZB. District President of United Mine Workers of America; Alex G. Fiche no. :Resettlement Administration negative RA -ZB. Nordholm, Chief, Regional Service, War Production Drive Note: Fiche does not indicate photographer. LC also indicates Headquarters; Mart F. Brennan, Acting District President, that a print is also on Lot -A. UMWA and Regional Representative of UMWA for anthracite; Frank W. Earnest, Jr., President, Anthracite Industries Ann Ro s e n e r Incorporated; Frank C. Wright, Jr., Washington representative for the anthracite industry. Between  and . Gasoline rationing. The busiest spot on the Pennsylvania turnpike. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . Eastbound motorists stop at this service station for a very good reason: it’s the last chance to fill up before entering a gas- Wilkes-Barre rationed area. September . Members of joint labor-management committees at Wilkes-Barre, LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. July th. Richard Maize, Secretary of Mines, State of Note: Not seen on fiche. Pennsylvania, speaking; Michael J. Kosik, seated, chairman. Between  and . Gasoline rationing. A pre-war sign gives unnecessary warning to LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . wartime motorists—when there are any—any weekday-traffic on the Pennsylvania Turnpike hits new lows, September . Other LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. The following members and alternates attended the first meeting of Fiche no.  :LC-USW-D-. the War Production Board (WPB), held January th, , in the conference room of the new Social Security building. Seated, Transportation. Freight car movements. With transportation left to right: Jesse Jones, Federal Loan Administrator; Frank assuming vast new importance in wartime America, movement Knox, Secretary of the Navy; Donald M. Nelson, Chairman of of freight cars must be accomplished with the fullest efficiency the Board; Henry A. Wallace, Chairman of the Board of and speed. Loss and diversion of ocean carriers which served our Economic Welfare. Between  and . seaboard cities have thrown an enormous burden upon the rail- LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-.Lot . roads. Pittsburgh, September . Note: LC places photograph in Pennsylvania, no city indicated, LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-; fsa b :LC- but other photographs in the LC website indicate new Social USE-D-. Security Building with January  date. Note: Caption information does not indicate place, but LC indi- cates “Pittsburgh” in subject area.

War nursery schools. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Picture books, blocks, modeling clay, story hours, music, for the pre-school chil-

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 208 ANN ROSENER (cont.)

dren of war working mothers. War nurseries are generally to be NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -D. under trained supervisory personnel and will be operated in Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- connection with the public schools in communities of intense graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. LC website: -D, industrial production. February . no digital image available.Original negative missing.Not seen LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. on fiche or microfilm.

War nursery schools. Scranton, Pennsylvania.These youngsters Swimming pool created by a Civilian Conservation Corps dam, may not be able to sing an aria but they are having a good time Huntingdon, June . in a war nursery school in Scranton, which is one of four in LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa this community. Child care centers meet a critical need for a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC- supervised care of children of mothers employed in war work. USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. February . Fiche no. : titled photographs. LC website: fsa b :LC-USE-D-. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -M; - M ( copies); -M. Edwin Ro s s k a m Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. [Note: The Roy Stryker Collection at the University of Louisville includes a Pennsylvania photograph taken by Rosskam after Mercersburg Vicinity the FSA-OWI period.] Sign near Mercersburg, July . LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: Huntingdon fsa a :LC-USF--M. Baseball game, Huntingdon, June . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a NYPL FSA Collection: -M: , Box ,Folder  of . :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; Note: According to the Life Pictorial Atlas of the World () fsaa :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC- and topzone.com,there is a place in Pennsylvania called USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Mercersburg, but not Mercersberg. See also Mercersburg entry a:LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF-- under John Vachon. -M not seen on fiche. M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC- USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Pine Grove Mills a :LC-USF--M. [Barn and silo] Pine Grove Mills? Fiche no. : titled photographs. LC website: Untitled: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -M; , microfilm. Box ,Folder  of  : -M; -M; -M; -M. Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- A catch of fish, Pine Grove Mills, July . graphs. LC website: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Distribution of surplus commodities near the railroad station, Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Huntingdon, June . NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of . LC website: Titled: LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC-USF- -D.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Farm horses and a silo,Pine Grove Mills (vicinity), July . a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. -M; fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. :LC-USF--D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : -D. NYPL FSA Collection: Undated, Box ,Folder  of .

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 209 EDWIN ROSSKAM (cont.)

A hay harvest, Pine Grove Mills (vicinity), July . Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Road from State College to Pine Grove Mills, July . LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Fiche no. . -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Microfilm: Lot , Reel . LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Roy Stryker Collection: ... a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -M. Swimming hole, Pine Grove Mills, July . Fiche no. : titled photograph. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : titled photo- -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa b : graph. LC-USF--D.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF- Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- -M; fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa a :LC- graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. : titled photographs. A little girl and play house, Pine Grove Mills, July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: NYPL FSA Collection: Box ,Folder  of : -M; -M ( fsa a :LC-USF--M. copies); -M; -D: ,Undated, Box ,Folder  of  Fiche no. : titled photograph. : -M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : titled photo- graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. NYPL also has title graph. “Old swimming hole.” Note: No caption list information available for -M; not seen on fiche or microfilm. State College, State College Vicinity [Administration building] Pennsylvania State University, Old swimming hole July . See “Swimming hole” LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or A Percheron stallion being brought to a mare for mating on a farm, microfilm. Pine Grove Mills (vicinity), July . LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a Bingo game, July th celebration, State College, July . :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa LC website: Titled: fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa b a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC- :LC-USF--D.Untitled: fsa b :LC-USF- USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa -D. a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Fiche no. : titled photographs. -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -D; - a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- D. -M. Note: No caption list information available for -D; not seen Fiche no. : titled photographs. on fiche or microfilm. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -M; - Boy on the th of July, State College, July . M. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.

times of sorrow and hope on-line catalog • 210 EDWIN ROSSKAM (cont.)

Fiche no. : titled photograph. Rained-out Firemen’s Carnival, July th celebration, State College, Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. July . NYPL FSA Collection: , Box , ,Folder  of : titled LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: photograph. fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- Note: No caption list information available for -M; not seen -M-; fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa on fiche or microfilm. LC website incorrectly indicates “Boys” a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- rather than “Boy.” -M. Fiche no. : titled photograph. Boys on the th of July, State College, July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -M. :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC- graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm.Fiche title: “The July USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa th Firemen’s Carnival was rained out.” a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. : titled photographs. Rainy day farmland near State College, July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. NYPL FSA Collection: , Box , ,Folder  of : -M; Fiche no. . -M. Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- Note: Fiche title: “A Rainy Day in the Country.” graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Road from State College to Pine Grove Mills, July . A grave yard and a barn, State College, July . LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . Fiche no. . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Microfilm: Lot , Reel . Roy Stryker Collection: ...

The July th Firemen’s Carnival was rained out Sign in a restaurant, State College, July . See “Rained-out Firemen’s Carnival, July th celebration” LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M. Preparations for Firemen’s Carnival, July th celebration, State Fiche no. : titled photograph. College, July . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Note: No caption list information available for -M; not seen a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- on fiche or microfilm. Caption on fiche for -M reads -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: fsa “Sing” rather than “Sign.” a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. State highway  in the rain, State College (vicinity), July . Fiche no. :LC-USF--M. LC website: Titled: fsa b :LC-USF--D.Untitled: Fiche no. :LC-USF--M;LC-USF--M;LC- fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC-USF- USF--M. -D. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photographs. Fiche no. : titled photograph. NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : -M; - Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. M. NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : titled photo- Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- graph. graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Fiche title:“Preparing Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- for the July th Firemen’s Carnival.” graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm.

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Street corner, State College, July . Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- LC website: Titled: fsa a :LC-USF--M.Untitled: graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- -M. Waynesboro Fiche no. : titled photograph. Bank and grain elevator, Waynesboro, Spring . Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph. LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. NYPL FSA Collection: , Box ,Folder  of : titled photo- Fiche no. . graph. Note: No caption list information available for untitled photo- Quarry, Waynesboro, Spring . graphs; not seen on fiche or microfilm. LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. Fiche no. . [Street scene] State College, July . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa Spring scene in Pennsylvania hills,Waynesboro (vicinity), . a :LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF- LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. -M; fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa a : Fiche no. . LC-USF--M; fsa a :LC-USF--M. Note: Fiche title: “Spring in the Hills.” Note: No caption list information available; not seen on fiche or microfilm. Unidentified Place [Boys fishing from a bridge overlooking a creek] Wheat, State College (vicinity), June . LC website: Untitled: fsa a :LC-USF--M; fsa LC website: fsa b :LC-USF--D. a :LC-USF--M. Fiche no. . Note: No title or place indicated. No caption list information Microfilm: Lot , Reel . available; not seen on fiche or microfilm.

A wheat field, State College (vicinity), June . Cemetery in the Pennsyvania Countryside, Spring . LC website: Titled: fsa b :LC-USF--D.Untitled: LC website: Titled: fsa b :LC-USF--D.Untitled: fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC-USF- fsa b :LC-USF--D. -D; fsa b :LC-USF--D; fsa b :LC- Fiche no. : titled photograph. USF--D. Note: No caption list information available. -D not seen on Fiche no. : titled photograph. fiche or microfilm. Place not indicated. Microfilm: Lot , Reel : titled photograph.

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