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Preface Patrick Besha, Editor Alexander Macdonald, Editor in The
EARLY DRAFT - NASAWATCH.COM/SPACEREF.COM Preface Patrick Besha, Editor Alexander MacDonald, Editor In the next decade, NASA will seek to expand humanity’s presence in space beyond the International Space Station in low-Earth orbit to a new habitation platform orbiting the moon. By the late 2020’s, astronauts will live and work far deeper in space than ever before. The push to cis-lunar orbit is part of a stepping-stone approach to extend our reach to Mars and beyond. This decision to explore ever farther destinations is a familiar pattern in the history of American space exploration. Another major pattern with historical precedent is the transition from public sector exploration to private sector commercialization. After the government has developed and demonstrated a capability in space, whether it be space-based communications or remote sensing, the private sector has realized its market potential. As new companies establish a presence, the government withdraws from the market. In 2015, we are once again at a critical stage in the development of space. The most successful long-term human habitation in space, orbiting the Earth continuously since 1998, is the International Space Station. Currently at the apex of its capabilities and the pinnacle of state-of-the-art space systems, it was developed through the investments and labors of over a dozen nations and is regularly re-supplied by cargo delivery services. Its occupants include six astronauts and numerous other organisms from Earth’s ecosystems from bacteria to plants to rats. Research is conducted on the spacecraft from hundreds of organizations worldwide ranging from academic institutions to large industrial companies and from high-tech start-ups to high-school science classes. -
Vostok by Andrew J
Mercury's Competition: Vostok by Andrew J. LePage May 15, 2000 All through 1959 and into 1960, America's very single space suit-clad cosmonaut in a semi reclined public Mercury manned space program was making ejection seat which served a dual purpose: During the slow but steady progress (see Giving Mercury early phases of ascent, this seat could safely eject the Wings in the September 1, 1999 issue of cosmonaut away from the craft in case of a problem. SpaceViews). While it was quite clear that the Soviet Because of weight restrictions, the capsule could not Union also planned to send men into space, it was carry a large enough parachute to guarantee a soft difficult to sort the facts from the stream of enough landing for the pilot at the end of a normal propaganda. That began to change on May 15, 1960 mission. Instead a forced landing procedure was with the launch of Korabl Sputnik 1 (Spaceship developed where, after reentry was done, the Satellite 1) also referred to as "Sputnik 4" in the cosmonaut ejected from the descent module at an West. altitude of 7 kilometers (23,000 feet). He then used his own parachute to make a soft landing separate Carrying a dummy cosmonaut in a 312 by 369 from the more quickly falling descent module. kilometer (194 by 229 mile) orbit inclined 65 degrees to the equator, Korabl Sputnik 1 was the long awaited During the flight, the cabin interior maintained an inaugural flight of Mercury's competition. Although oxygen-nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of one bar the actual configuration of the spacecraft would (15 psi) like on the ground. -
News Articles Events
NEWS ARTICLES EVENTS STRATHCLYDE STUDENTS LAND TOP AWARD AT BP COMPETITION FOR SECOND YEAR 19 – 21 MARCH 2013 Pathway to Research Enterprise: A team of Strathclyde Engineering students have won the top prize at the prestigious 2013 BP Enterprise Academy (FINAL FEW Ultimate Field Trip Competition – the second consecutive year Strathclyde students have won the PLACES) award. Enterprise Academy is an intensive ILM-accredited skills development Team Hydra, made up of Naval programme for early career research Architecture and Marine Engineering staff and postgraduate researchers, students Eric Brown, Hugh McQueen including a three-day fully-funded and Theo Scott, came out on top in the residential training element. When competition regarded as the UK’s the course piloted in 2011 it was leading science, technology, shortlisted for a THE award in the engineering and maths (STEM) talent category Outstanding Support for discovery event. Early Career Researchers, and offers a great opportunity for researchers to The students impressed the BP judges gain entrepreneurial confidence and and celebrity science enthusiast, Dara other transferable skills which will O Briain, with innovative ideas on how benefit them in their research. Full to develop a mode of transport that details about the Enterprise Academy reduces the cost of passenger travel in 2013 is available on the RDP website a selected country by 2030. or email Alexandra Ingvarsson. Winning student, Eric Brown, said: “It's 13 FEBRUARY 2013 an amazing feeling to win. I'm really proud of our team's achievement. It's definitely a competition I Department of Civil and would recommend to other students as it gives you a chance to really show what you're capable of. -
L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM
databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade. -
Preparation of Papers for AIAA Technical Conferences
DUKSUP: A Computer Program for High Thrust Launch Vehicle Trajectory Design & Optimization Spurlock, O.F.I and Williams, C. H.II NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135 From the late 1960’s through 1997, the leadership of NASA’s Intermediate and Large class unmanned expendable launch vehicle projects resided at the NASA Lewis (now Glenn) Research Center (LeRC). One of LeRC’s primary responsibilities --- trajectory design and performance analysis --- was accomplished by an internally-developed analytic three dimensional computer program called DUKSUP. Because of its Calculus of Variations-based optimization routine, this code was generally more capable of finding optimal solutions than its contemporaries. A derivation of optimal control using the Calculus of Variations is summarized including transversality, intermediate, and final conditions. The two point boundary value problem is explained. A brief summary of the code’s operation is provided, including iteration via the Newton-Raphson scheme and integration of variational and motion equations via a 4th order Runge-Kutta scheme. Main subroutines are discussed. The history of the LeRC trajectory design efforts in the early 1960’s is explained within the context of supporting the Centaur upper stage program. How the code was constructed based on the operation of the Atlas/Centaur launch vehicle, the limits of the computers of that era, the limits of the computer programming languages, and the missions it supported are discussed. The vehicles DUKSUP supported (Atlas/Centaur, Titan/Centaur, and Shuttle/Centaur) are briefly described. The types of missions, including Earth orbital and interplanetary, are described. The roles of flight constraints and their impact on launch operations are detailed (such as jettisoning hardware on heating, Range Safety, ground station tracking, and elliptical parking orbits). -
Painsley Catholic College Introduction to Applied Science Transition Booklet
Painsley Catholic College Introduction to Applied Science transition booklet Get ready for Applied Science! A guide to help you get ready for AQA applied science. For any extra information please contact Miss Bradley, [email protected] Specification link : https://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/science/applied- general/science THE TRANSITION WORK IN THE OVERVIEW IS COMPULSORY!! ALL OTHER WORK IN THIS INTRODUCTION DOCUMENT IS ADDITIONAL AND OPTIONAL!! What is included: • Transition work overview • Live stream lesson timetable • Textbook recommendations • Book recommendations • Movie recommendations • Videos to watch on line • Research activities • Ideas for day trips / Science on social media/ Science websites for virtual tours 1 Transition work overview Week 1 WC 1st June Complete Week 1 Biology work found in the document ‘Biology – Applied Science Transition Booklet’ (3 hours) Week 2 WC 8th June Complete Week 2 Biology work found in the document ‘Biology – Applied Science Transition Booklet’ (3 hours) Week 3 WC 15th Complete Week 3 Chemistry work found in the document ‘Chemistry – Applied June Science Transition Booklet’ (3 hours) Week 4 WC 22nd Complete Week 4 Chemistry work found in the document ‘Chemistry – Applied June Science Transition Booklet’ (3 hours) Week 5 WC 29th Complete Week 5 Physics work found in the document ‘Physics – Applied June Science Transition Booklet’ (3 hours) Week 6 WC 6th July Complete Week 6 Physics work found in the document ‘Physics – Applied Science Transition Booklet’ (3 hours) Week 7 WC 13th July Complete the AQA Transition booklets for Biology, Chemistry and Physics (1 hour each) Live stream lessons Google classroom code: pf26bkd Google meet code: cj5il5kbaa Thursday 11th Miss K. -
European Astronaut Selection ESA Prepares for the Missions of the 21 St Century
European Astronaut Selection ESA prepares for the missions of the 21 st century With the selection of its first astronauts ESA’s human spaceflight activities in 1978 and the first Spacelab mission are now entering a new era, with ESA in 1983, the European Space Agency astronauts working aboard the (ESA) took its first steps into human International Space Station (ISS), spaceflight. The advent of the Columbus Columbus starting operations, and orbital laboratory project required a the new ‘ATV’ cargo ship delivering second selection of astronauts in 1992. fresh supplies to the Station. The exploration of the Solar System will be one of humanity’s most exciting adventures in the near future. All of the world’s spacefaring nations are preparing for this huge enterprise, and an astronaut corps is essential for Europe, thanks to ESA, to take part in this endeavour. Now is the time for ESA to seek new talents to reinforce its astronaut team, to prepare for missions to the ISS, the Moon and beyond. T The Selection | How? When? Where? h e S e l e c t i o n How can I apply? You can apply online via the ESA web portal (www.esa.int/ astronautselection). Registration is in two steps: • pre-registration: provide identity information and a JAR-FCL 3, Class 2 medi- cal examination certificate, from an Aviation Medical Examiner who has been certified by his/her national Aviation Medical Authority; • a password then allows you to access the application form. T The Selection | How? When? Where? h e S e l e • initial selection according to basic criteria; c t i What are the o • psychological tests for selected candidates; n • second round of psychological tests and interviews; steps in the • medical tests; selection • job interview. -
Dealing with the Reality NORTHERN IRELAND ENVIRONMENT LINK CONFERENCE REPORT Foreword
Conference Proceedings April 2009 Climate Change: Dealing with the Reality NORTHERN IRELAND ENVIRONMENT LINK CONFERENCE REPORT Foreword Scientific and international political opinion agree that climate change is happening, that it is largely caused by human activities and that the implications are far ranging and very serious. Although there are uncertainties around the speed of change, the severity of that change and the nature and extent of its impacts, we cannot delay action to address the issues. An internationally renowned group of scientists assembled in W5 (Odyssey Complex), Belfast for Climate Change: Dealing with the Reality on 20th January 2009 to discuss the issues; this document is a summary of their thoughts. There are opportunities for Northern Ireland to be in the vanguard of both adaptation and mitigation technologies, bringing strong economic benefits to local companies. There are also opportunities to adopt policies and programmes that address the social and economic consequences of climate change while bringing benefits to Northern Ireland’s citizens. Grasping these opportunities requires strong and mature political leadership and offers Northern Ireland an opportunity to establish itself as a serious international leader. Climate change is just one of the many challenges facing Northern Ireland at this time and therefore cannot be dealt with in isolation. It provides a context within which specific issues — such as the increasing role of local authorities, tackling waste, changes in agriculture and the economic recession — can be better understood and more effectively addressed. Acknowledgements This report was compiled and designed by David McCann, and edited by David McCann and Sue Christie. We would like to thank all of the speakers at the conference both for the time and effort they put into producing their presentations and for writing their subsequent articles. -
Aeronautics and Space Report of the President
Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 1971 Activities NOTE TO READERS: ALL PRINTED PAGES ARE INCLUDED, UNNUMBERED BLANK PAGES DURING SCANNING AND QUALITY CONTROL CHECK HAVE BEEN DELETED Aeronautics and Space Report of the President 197 I Activities i W Executive Office of the President National Aeronautics and Space Council Washington, D.C. 20502 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE OF TRANSMITTAL To the Congress of the United States: I am pleased to transmit herewith a report of our national progress in aero- nautics and space activities during 1971. This report shows that we have made forward strides toward each of the six objectives which I set forth for a balanced space program in my statement of March 7, 1970. Aided by the improvements we have made in mobility, our explorers on the moon last summer produced new, exciting and useful evidence on the structure and origin of the moon. Several phenomena which they uncovered are now under study. Our unmanned nearby observation of Mars is similarly valuable and significant for the advancement of science. During 1971, we gave added emphasis to aeronautics activities which contribute substantially to improved travel conditions, safety and security, and we gained in- creasing recognition that space and aeronautical research serves in many ways to keep us in the forefront of man’s technological achievements. There can be little doubt that the investments we are now making in explora- tions of the unknown are but a prelude to the accomplishments of mankind in future generations. THEWHITE HOUSE, March 1972 iii Table of Contents Page Page I . Progress Toward U.S. -
Dupont MAGAZINE
DuPont MAGAZINE A Fine Finish for Fine Guitars Page 14 “Navy Corpsman Thomas Smith survived an Iraqi ambush on the outskirts of Baghdad this month,” the April 16, 2003, USA Today reports, “after a bullet ricocheted off his vest containing bullet-resistant [DuPontTM] Kevlar ®, leaving a large hole. “In a daylong firefight last year against the Taliban in a snow-covered Afghan valley,” the article continues, “Army soldier Jason Ashline was struck by two bullets from an AK-47 assault rifle. The slugs lodged harmlessly in his flak jacket. “‘The bullets knocked me over and took the wind out of me, but I didn’t feel any pain,’ said the 21-year-old Ashline from the Army’s 10th Mountain Division in Fort Drum, New York. “Both soldiers owe their lives to a retired 79-year-old woman in Delaware. The Kevlar® inside their vests was invented by former DuPont chemist Stephanie Kwolek.” According to the article, helmets made with Kevlar® and vests lined with the DuPont material and ceramic plates were standard equipment for most of the 125,000 American and British ground troops in the Iraq war and for the journalists embedded with them. “Military experts say dozens, maybe hundreds of soldiers owe their lives or their escape from injury” to Kevlar ®, the article notes. It quotes David Nelson, deputy product manager of clothing and equipment for the Army, who calls the DuPont material “one of the most significant pieces of military equipment ever invented.” The article adds: “The material is used in more than 200 products, including bullet-resistant vests and helmets that have saved the lives of 2,749 police officers.” “Helping Freedom Ring,” page 23, has more on DuPont contributions to the military. -
Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C
Federal Communications Commission DA 01-2069 Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) INTELSAT LLC ) ) Application to Modify Authorizations to ) File Nos.SAT-MOD-20010509-00032 to Operate, and to Further Construct, Launch, ) SAT-MOD-20010509-00038 and Operate C-band and Ku-band Satellites ) that Form a Global Communications ) System in Geostationary Orbit ) ) Request for Special Temporary Authority to ) SAT-STA-20010815-00074 Conduct In-Orbit Testing of the ) INTELSAT 902 satellite at 58.5º E.L. ) ) Request for Special Temporary Authority to ) SAT-STA-20010717-00066 Relocate the INTELSAT 901 Satellite ) to 53º W.L. ) ORDER AND AUTHORIZATION Adopted: August 31, 2001 Released: September 4, 2001 By the Chief, Satellite and Radiocommunication Division, International Bureau: INTRODUCTION 1. By this Order, we modify the licenses of Intelsat LLC to operate in-orbit satellites, and launch and operate additional satellites in the future.1 We also grant Intelsat LLC Special Temporary Authority to conduct in-orbit testing of its previously authorized INTELSAT 902 satellite at the 58.5º E.L. orbit location, and to operate the INTELSAT 901 satellite at the 53º W.L. orbit location on a temporary basis. Grant of this authorization permits Intelsat LLC the flexibility to deploy its satellites to address operational needs and unforeseen circumstances that may affect continuity of service. 1 See Applications of Intelsat LLC for Authority to Operate, and to Further Construct, Launch, and Operate C-band and Ku-band Satellites that Form a Global Communications System in Geostationary Orbit, Memorandum Opinion Order and Authorization, 15 FCC Rcd 15460, recon. -
A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
A B 1 Name of Satellite, Alternate Names Country of Operator/Owner 2 AcrimSat (Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor) USA 3 Afristar USA 4 Agila 2 (Mabuhay 1) Philippines 5 Akebono (EXOS-D) Japan 6 ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite; Daichi) Japan 7 Alsat-1 Algeria 8 Amazonas Brazil 9 AMC-1 (Americom 1, GE-1) USA 10 AMC-10 (Americom-10, GE 10) USA 11 AMC-11 (Americom-11, GE 11) USA 12 AMC-12 (Americom 12, Worldsat 2) USA 13 AMC-15 (Americom-15) USA 14 AMC-16 (Americom-16) USA 15 AMC-18 (Americom 18) USA 16 AMC-2 (Americom 2, GE-2) USA 17 AMC-23 (Worldsat 3) USA 18 AMC-3 (Americom 3, GE-3) USA 19 AMC-4 (Americom-4, GE-4) USA 20 AMC-5 (Americom-5, GE-5) USA 21 AMC-6 (Americom-6, GE-6) USA 22 AMC-7 (Americom-7, GE-7) USA 23 AMC-8 (Americom-8, GE-8, Aurora 3) USA 24 AMC-9 (Americom 9) USA 25 Amos 1 Israel 26 Amos 2 Israel 27 Amsat-Echo (Oscar 51, AO-51) USA 28 Amsat-Oscar 7 (AO-7) USA 29 Anik F1 Canada 30 Anik F1R Canada 31 Anik F2 Canada 32 Apstar 1 China (PR) 33 Apstar 1A (Apstar 3) China (PR) 34 Apstar 2R (Telstar 10) China (PR) 35 Apstar 6 China (PR) C D 1 Operator/Owner Users 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Government 3 WorldSpace Corp. Commercial 4 Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corp. Commercial 5 Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science, University of Tokyo Civilian Research 6 Earth Observation Research and Application Center/JAXA Japan 7 Centre National des Techniques Spatiales (CNTS) Government 8 Hispamar (subsidiary of Hispasat - Spain) Commercial 9 SES Americom (SES Global) Commercial