DOCSLIB.ORG

Form Follows Feeling the Acquisition of Design Expertise and the Function of Aesthesis in the Design Process

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Form Follows Feeling the Acquisition of Design Expertise and the Function of Aesthesis in the Design Process 06 2017 Form Follows Feeling The Acquisition of Design Expertise and the function of Aesthesis in the Design Process Terrence M. Curry Form Follows Feeling The Acquisition of Design Expertise and the Function of Aesthesis in the Design Process Terrence M. Curry Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Department of Urbanism TOC abe.tudelft.nl Design: Sirene Ontwerpers, Rotterdam ISBN 978-94-92516-63-3 ISSN 2212-3202 © 2017 Terrence M. Curry TOC Form Follows Feeling The Acquisition of Design Expertise and the Function of Aesthesis in the Design Process Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. ir. K.C.A.M. Luyben, voorzitter van het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op 3 juli 2017 om 15:00 uur door Terrence Michael CURRY M. Div., Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley, United States of America Th. M., Xavier University of Louisiana, United States of America geboren te Brooklyn, United States of America TOC This dissertation has been approved by the promoter: Prof.ir. H. C. Bekkering Composition of the Doctoral Committee Rector Magnificus chairman Prof.ir. H. C. Bekkering Delft University of Technology Independent members Prof.dr. P. G. Badke-Schaub Deft University of Technology Prof.dr. R. Cavallo Deft University of Technology Prof.dr.ir. V.J. Meyer Deft University of Technology Prof.dr.ir. C.H. Dorst Eindhoven University of Technology Prof.dr.ing. C. Gänshirt Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University This research was supported by the UNE Province of the Society of Jesus, USA and a research grant from Tsinghua University, School of Architecture, P.R. China. TOC The artist must suffer sleepless nights, purify himself without ceasing, voluntarily abandon fertile places, full of insecurity. Maritain TOC TOC Acknowledgements First, I want to express my gratitude to the Technical University of Delft, the School of Architecture and the Built Environment, and the Department of Urbanism, for the invitation to pursue my doctorate and for the generous hospitality they extended to me over these past 6 years. None of this research would have been possible without the help and support of my friend, colleague and promoter Henco Bekkering and his partner Ria Wiegman, Ralf Weber who first introduced me to empirical aesthetics, and Roger Haight who helped me transform my first musings into a cohersive argument. I am indebted to my brother Jesuits who supported and encouraged me throughout this five year journey in the USA, the Netherlands and in China. I am grateful for my colleagues at Delft University of Technology, Tsinghua University, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, and at the University of Detroit Mercy, as well as my own design teachers at the Pratt Institute. I thank my students who have taught me and given me more than they can ever imagine. Finally I am indebted to my family, my mother, my brothers and my sisters, especially my grandfather Theodore Grupinski who taught me how and to love making stuff. AMGD TOC 8 Form Follows Feeling TOC Contents Preface 13 Samenvatting 19 Summary 21 Propositions 23 1 Introduction 25 1.1 Some Clarifications 26 1.2 Methodology 28 1.3 Claims 30 1.4 Argument 30 1.5 Structure of the argument 33 2 What is designing? 35 2.1 The Designer’s Context 36 2.2 Describing Designing 40 2.3 Designing as an Object of Study 42 2.4 Designing in the Most Basic Sense 45 2.5 The Proper End of Designing 47 2.6 Proximate End of Designing 49 2.7 Some Attempts as Defining Designing 53 2.8 Summary 57 3 Design Cognition 59 3.1 A Short History 64 3.2 The Desire to Scientise (Rationalize) Designing 66 3.3 Problem solving: Information-Processing Theory 70 3.4 Tacit Knowledge 80 3.5 Embodied Cognition 89 3.6 Summary 96 9 Contents TOC 4 The Design Process 99 4.1 Designing as Process 99 4.2 Design as Black Box 105 4.3 Systems Theory 109 4.4 Designer as Transformative Agent 114 4.5 Designing as Heuristic 115 4.6 Designing as Methodology 119 5 Problem 123 5.1 Who Defines the Problem? 123 5.2 Defining the Problem 125 5.3 Design Problems Have a Structure 128 5.4 Lawson's Comprehensive Model 130 5.5 Not all Design Problems are Solvable 132 6 Solution 133 6.1 Who Determines the Quality of a Solution? 134 6.2 Making Representations 138 6.3 Metal Representations 139 6.4 Representations in Architectural Design 143 6.5 Extended Cognition 146 6.6 Criteria and Constraints 148 6.7 Technical Competency 149 6.8 Coherence 151 7 Aesthetic 159 7.1 Approaches to Aesthetics 164 7.2 Plato 165 7.3 Aristotle 167 7.4 Vitruvius 169 7.5 Hume, Locke, Kant 169 7.6 Connoisseurship 173 7.7 Alexander Baumgarten 176 7.8 Empathy 177 7.9 Evolutionary Aesthetics 179 7.10 Neuroaesthetics 184 10 Form Follows Feeling TOC 8 Methodologies 189 8.1 There is no All-encompassing Model of Designing 191 8.2 Teaching Devices 191 8.3 Classification Schemes 192 8.4 Ways of Thinking about Designing 193 8.5 Divergence, Transformation, Convergence 195 8.6 Pre-structuring the Design Problem 196 8.7 Design Abduction 199 8.8 Reflective Conversation with the Situation 200 8.9 The Design Problem and the Problem of Designing 207 8.10 Designing as Making a Functional Approximation of a Thing to be Built 209 9 Expertise 211 9.1 Who can be a designer? 213 9.2 Expertise Theory 219 9.3 The Acquisition of Expert Performance 226 9.4 Cognitive Load Theory: Cognitive Scaffolding 231 9.5 A Designer's Brain 233 9.6 Dreyfus Model 234 10 Aesthetic Resonance 239 10.1 The Theoretical Foundation for Aesthetic Resonance 239 10.1.1 The Body Knowing 239 10.1.2 Resonance 241 10.2 Inhabiting the Design World Feelingly 242 10.3 A Design Scenario 244 10.4 Feeling as a Functional Cognitive Bias in the Design Process 246 10.5 Summary 248 11 Conclusion 249 Works Cited 251 Curriculum Vitae 267 11 Contents TOC 12 Form Follows Feeling TOC Preface This thesis is fundamentally about the cognitive processes involved in learning to become a designer. To give this thesis context it is probably best to start is by explaining the title: Form Follows Feeling. The title did not occur to me until well after the first draft was completed. Up until then the title was: The acquisition of design expertise and the function of aesthesis in the design process. Admittedly, not a particularly catchy title. The title is an obvious reference to Louis Sullivan’s famous, often isquoted,m out of context and sometimes misattributed quote, “Whether it be the sweeping eagle in his flight, or the open apple blossom, the toiling work-horse, the blithe swan, the branching oak, the winding stream at its base, the drifting clouds, over all the coursing sun, form ever follows function, and this is the law.” (Sullivan, 1869, p. 408). The quote comes from an article written by Sullivan entitled “The tall building artistically considered." In this article Sullivan makes a passionate and eloquent plea for the legitimization of a new building type – the tall building – on its own terms. He argues against the use of the "classical column" as the true prototype, against “the beauty of prime numbers," against the "logical statement," against organic justification found in the "vegetable kingdom" (p. 406). Sullivan, referring to how in nature “the essence of things is taking shape in the matter of things,” makes his point again: It is the pervading law of all things organic and inorganic, of all things physical and metaphysical, of all things human and all things superhuman, of all true manifestations of the head, of the heart, of the soul, that the life is recognizable in its expression, that form ever follows function. This is the law… And thus the design of the tall office building takes its place with all other architecturaltypes made when architecture, as has happened once in many years, was a living art.” (p. 408) His was not an argument against decoration, as can easily be seen by looking at any of his buildings. Nor was he arguing for a from of technical rationalism, though he does argue for a kind of inevitability “if we follow our natural instincts without the thought of books, rules, precedents, or any educational impedimenta…” His argument, not unlike Kahn’s conversation with a brick (Kahn & Twombly, 2003), is founded on the belief that the truth of a thing is found by recognizing the essence of a thing, feeling into it, letting it be what it wants to be. 13 Preface TOC Unfortunately, Sullivan’s passionate plea to embrace a new building type “for the transaction of business,” and made possible by “the intervention and perfection of the high-speed elevator…, development of steel manufactures has shown the way to safe, rigid, economical constructions…, and so on, by action and reaction, interaction and inter-reaction” (p. 403), has been perverted as a justification for a kind of technical rationalism and functional determinism. Sullivan is not arguing for technical rationalism or functional determinism, but rather he is arguing for a kind of passionate essentialism. The technical rationalism and functional determinism that the phrase form follows function has come to embody has been embraced by architecture design students1 across the world as if it is a self-evident truth.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Appendix B – Eco-Charrette Report
    Appendix B – Eco-Charrette Report 2010 Facility Master Plan Factoria Recycling and Transfer Station November 2010 2010 Facility Master Plan Factoria Recycling and Transfer Station November 2010 Appendix B‐1: Factoria Recycling and Transfer Station ‐ Eco‐Charrette – Final Report. June 24, 2010. Prepared for King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks‐‐ Solid Waste Division. HDR Engineering, Inc. Appendix B‐2: Initial Guidance from the Salmon‐Safe Assessment Team regarding The Factoria Recycling and Transfer Station – Site Design Evaluation. July 15, 2010. Salmon‐Safe, Inc. Appendix B‐1: Factoria Recycling and Transfer Station ‐ Eco‐Charrette – Final Report. June 24, 2010. Prepared for King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks‐‐ Solid Waste Division. HDR Engineering, Inc. Table of Contents PART 1: ECO‐CHARRETTE...................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction and Purpose ......................................................................................................................... 1 Project Background and Setting ................................................................................................................ 1 Day 1. Introduction to the Sustainable Design Process ........................................................................... 3 Day 2: LEED Scorecard Review ................................................................................................................. 4 The LEED Green Building Certification
    [Show full text]
  • The Sciences of Design: Observations on an Emerging Field Working Paper
    The Sciences of Design: Observations on an Emerging Field Sandeep Purao Carliss Y. Baldwin Alan Hevner Veda C. Storey Jan Pries-Heje Brian Smith Ying Zhu Working Paper 09-056 Copyright © 2008 by Sandeep Purao, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan Hevner, Veda C. Storey, Jan Pries-Heje, Brian Smith, and Ying Zhu Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. The Sciences of Design: Observations on an Emerging Field Sandeep Purao College of IST, Penn State University, Carliss Baldwin Harvard Business School Alan Hevner University of South Florida Veda C. Storey Georgia State University Jan Pries-Heje Roskilde University Brian Smith Penn State University Ying Zhu Georgia State University Excerpted from The Sciences of Design: Observations on an Emerging Field by Purao, Baldwin, Hevner, Storey, Pries-Heje, Smith and Zhu, (c) 2008. Used with permission from Association for Information Systems, Atlanta, GA; 404-413-7444; www.aisnet.org. All rights reserved. Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the authors. THE SCIENCES OF DESIGN OCTOBER 9, 2008 ABSTRACT The boundaries and contours of design sciences continue to undergo definition and refinement. In many ways, the sciences of design defy disciplinary characterization. They demand multiple epistemologies, theoretical orientations (e.g. construction, analysis or intervention) and value considerations.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Design Management Skills and Design Function Organization: an Empirical Study of Spanish and Italian Ceramic Tile Producers
    CASTELLÓN (SPAIN) LINKING DESIGN MANAGEMENT SKILLS AND DESIGN FUNCTION ORGANIZATION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF SPANISH AND ITALIAN CERAMIC TILE PRODUCERS Ricardo Chiva (1), Joaquín Alegre (2), David Gobert (3), Rafael Lapiedra (1) (1) Universitat Jaume I, (2) Universitat de València, (3) ITC, Universitat Jaume I, ABSTRACT Design management is an increasingly important concept, research into which is very scarce. This paper deals with the fit between design management skills and design function organization, ranging from solely in-house to solely outsourced and including a mixture of the two. We carried out a survey in the Spanish and Italian ceramic tile industry, to which 177 product development managers responded. Our results revealed that companies have different degrees of design management skills depending on the approach to design function organization. Solely in-house design approach companies are the most skilled firms and solely outsourced ones are the least skilled. Despite the fact that the design function has apparently evolved towards outsourcing, this research supports the idea that, under certain conditions, the in-house design department is the best option in order to attain higher degrees of design management skills. Implications of the findings for both academics and practitioners are examined. P.BA - 79 CASTELLÓN (SPAIN) 1. INTRODUCTION In today’s competitive environment, design is becoming increasingly important. Good design, though, does not emerge by accident but as the result of a managed process (Bruce and Bessant, 2002, p. 38). Apart from the development process leading up to the creation of an artifact or product, the concept of design has traditionally involved a series of organizational activities, practices or skills that are required for this development to be achieved (Gorb and Dumas, 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Form Follows Function Model-Driven Engineering for Clinical Trials
    Form Follows Function Model-Driven Engineering for Clinical Trials Jim Davies1, Jeremy Gibbons1, Radu Calinescu2, Charles Crichton1, Steve Harris1, and Andrew Tsui1 1 Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/firstname.lastname/ 2 Computer Science Research Group, Aston University Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK http://www-users.aston.ac.uk/~calinerc/ Abstract. We argue that, for certain constrained domains, elaborate model transformation technologies|implemented from scratch in general- purpose programming languages|are unnecessary for model-driven en- gineering; instead, lightweight configuration of commercial off-the-shelf productivity tools suffices. In particular, in the CancerGrid project, we have been developing model-driven techniques for the generation of soft- ware tools to support clinical trials. A domain metamodel captures the community's best practice in trial design. A scientist authors a trial pro- tocol, modelling their trial by instantiating the metamodel; customized software artifacts to support trial execution are generated automati- cally from the scientist's model. The metamodel is expressed as an XML Schema, in such a way that it can be instantiated by completing a form to generate a conformant XML document. The same process works at a second level for trial execution: among the artifacts generated from the protocol are models of the data to be collected, and the clinician conduct- ing the trial instantiates such models in reporting observations|again by completing a form to create a conformant XML document, represent- ing the data gathered during that observation. Simple standard form management tools are all that is needed.
    [Show full text]
  • Privacy When Form Doesn't Follow Function
    Privacy When Form Doesn’t Follow Function Roger Allan Ford University of New Hampshire [email protected] Privacy When Form Doesn’t Follow Function—discussion draft—3.6.19 Privacy When Form Doesn’t Follow Function Scholars and policy makers have long recognized the key role that design plays in protecting privacy, but efforts to explain why design is important and how it affects privacy have been muddled and inconsistent. Tis article argues that this confusion arises because “design” has many different meanings, with different privacy implications, in a way that hasn’t been fully appreciated by scholars. Design exists along at least three dimensions: process versus result, plan versus creation, and form versus function. While the literature on privacy and design has recognized and grappled (sometimes implicitly) with the frst two dimensions, the third has been unappreciated. Yet this is where the most critical privacy problems arise. Design can refer both to how something looks and is experienced by a user—its form—or how it works and what it does under the surface—its function. In the physical world, though, these two conceptions of design are connected, since an object’s form is inherently limited by its function. Tat’s why a padlock is hard and chunky and made of metal: without that form, it could not accomplish its function of keeping things secure. So people have come, over the centuries, to associate form and function and to infer function from form. Software, however, decouples these two conceptions of design, since a computer can show one thing to a user while doing something else entirely.
    [Show full text]
  • Lean Process Design a Concept of Process Quality
    Lean Process Design A Concept of Process Quality David N. Card [email protected] Agenda Background and Objectives Concepts of Lean Lean Process Design Process Summary Background CMMI® requires the definition of processes that cover certain goals and practices • Requires “sufficiency” • Does not provide criteria for a “good” process – not an appraisal consideration Lean principles provide “goodness” criteria for processes Lean usually applied as a re-engineering technique, e.g., Kaizen CMMI® is a registered trademark of Carnegie Mellon University 3 Objectives Identify the process “goodness” criteria implicit in Lean principles Explain how these can be applied during the design and initial definition of processes Minimize later rework and re-engineering 4 The Lean Misconception Lean is not about “light weight” processes “Lean” refers to reducing inventory and “work in progress” Lean is accomplished through robust processes • Simple • Reliable • Standardized • Enforced Caveat: many flavors of Lean 5 Five Lean Principles Value – identify what is really important to the customer and focus on that Value Stream – ensure all activities are necessary and add value Flow – strive for continuous processing through the value stream Pull – drive production with demand Perfection – prevent defects and rework Value Stream = Business Process 6 Views of Lean Industry Five Observed Principles Domain • Value • Value Stream Language • Flow Queuing & Culture Theory • Pull • Perfection Perfection Technical Practices • Similar to Six Sigma (including
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: Design Epistemology
    Design Research Society DRS Digital Library DRS Biennial Conference Series DRS2016 - Future Focused Thinking Jun 17th, 12:00 AM Introduction: Design Epistemology Derek Jones The Open University Philip Plowright Lawrence Technological University Leonard Bachman University of Houston Tiiu Poldma Université de Montréal Follow this and additional works at: https://dl.designresearchsociety.org/drs-conference-papers Citation Jones, D., Plowright, P., Bachman, L., and Poldma, T. (2016) Introduction: Design Epistemology, in Lloyd, P. and Bohemia, E. (eds.), Future Focussed Thinking - DRS International Conference 20227, 27 - 30 June, Brighton, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2016.619 This Miscellaneous is brought to you for free and open access by the Conference Proceedings at DRS Digital Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in DRS Biennial Conference Series by an authorized administrator of DRS Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Introduction: Design Epistemology Derek Jonesa*, Philip Plowrightb, Leonard Bachmanc and Tiiu Poldmad a The Open University b Lawrence Technological University c University of Houston d Université de Montréal * [email protected] DOI: 10.21606/drs.2016.619 “But the world of design has been badly served by its intellectual leaders, who have failed to develop their subject in its own terms.” (Cross, 1982) This quote from Nigel Cross is an important starting point for this theme: great progress has been made since Archer’s call to provide an intellectual foundation for design as a discipline in itself (Archer, 1979), but there are fundamental theoretical and epistemic issues that have remained largely unchallenged since they were first proposed (Cross, 1999, 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • ID 577 Using the Design Thinking Into Product Development Process
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Pilsen, Czech Republic, July 23-26, 2019 Using The Design Thinking into Product Development Process: A Case Study in Bio-pharmaceutical Firm Evo Sampetua Hariandja Department of Management Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Pelita Harapan Tangerang 15811, INDONESIA [email protected] Nurafni Rubiyanti School of Communication and Business Telkom University Bandung 40257, INDONESIA [email protected] Rintan Saragih Department of Management Faculty of Economics Universitas Methodist Indonesia Medan 20152, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract (12 font) This study aims to apply the design thinking concept into the new product development process in Indonesia pharmaceutical company. The design thinking framework consist of two phases: identify and solve. The identify phase consist of discover and define, and solve phase consist of create and evaluate. Through the two phases of this, the new product development process in pharmaceutical company will be modified using the design thinking. This method in this study using the combination between survey and interview from the key persons in the company. The informants are deputy director in business development, R&D, product development and product planning. The managerial implication and discussion will be discussed in this study. Keywords Design thinking, Indonesia, product development process, pharmaceutical company Biographies Evo Sampetua Hariandja is assistant professor at the Department of Management Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Pelita Harapan. He earned BE in Industrial Engineering from Institute of Technology Bandung, Master of Management in Finance and Marketing from Kwik Kian Gie Business School, Indonesia and Doctor of Science in Management from Institute of Technology Bandung.
    [Show full text]
  • Fashion Design
    FASHION DESIGN FAS 112 Fashion Basics (3-0) 3 crs. FAS Fashion Studies Presents fashion merchandise through evaluation of fashion products. Develops awareness of construction, as well as FAS 100 Industrial Sewing Methods (1-4) 3 crs. workmanship and design elements, such as fabric, color, Introduces students to basic principles of apparel construction silhouette and taste. techniques. Course projects require the use of industrial sewing equipment. Presents instruction in basic sewing techniques and FAS 113 Advanced Industrial Sewing Methods (1-4) 3 crs. their application to garment construction. (NOTE: Final project Focuses on application and mastery of basic sewing skills in should be completed to participate in the annual department Little pattern and fabric recognition and problem solving related to Black Dress competition.) individual creative design. Emphasis on technology, technical accuracy and appropriate use of selected materials and supplies. FAS 101 Flat Pattern I (1-4) 3 crs. (NOTE: This course is intended for students with basic sewing Introduces the principles of patternmaking through drafting basic skill and machine proficiency.) block and pattern manipulation. Working from the flat pattern, Prerequisite: FAS 100 with a grade of C or better or placement students will apply these techniques to the creation of a garment as demonstrated through Fashion Design Department testing. design. Accuracy and professional standards stressed. Pattern Contact program coordinator for additional information. tested in muslin for fit. Final garment will go through the annual jury to participate in the annual department fashion show. FAS 116 Fashion Industries Career Practicum and Seminar Prerequisite: Prior or concurrent enrollment in FAS 100 with a (1-10) 3 crs.
    [Show full text]
  • Design Science Research and the Grounded Theory
    Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) European Conference on Information Systems ECIS 2010 Proceedings (ECIS) 2010 Design Science Research and the Grounded Theory Method: Characteristics, Differences, and Complementary Uses Robert Gregory Goethe University Frankfurt, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2010 Recommended Citation Gregory, Robert, "Design Science Research and the Grounded Theory Method: Characteristics, Differences, and Complementary Uses" (2010). ECIS 2010 Proceedings. 44. http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2010/44 This material is brought to you by the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been accepted for inclusion in ECIS 2010 Proceedings by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact [email protected]. 18th European Conference on Information Systems DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH AND THE GROUNDED THEORY METHOD: CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENCES, AND COMPLEMENTARY USES Journal: 18th European Conference on Information Systems Manuscript ID: ECIS2010-0045.R1 Submission Type: Research Paper Research methods/methodology, Design/design science, Behavioral Keyword: science, IS research methodologies Page 1 of 12 18th European Conference on Information Systems DESIGN SCIENCE RESEARCH AND THE GROUNDED THEORY METHOD: CHARACTERISTICS, DIFFERENCES, AND COMPLEMENTARY USES Gregory, Robert Wayne, Goethe University Frankfurt, Grüneburgplatz 1, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, [email protected] Abstract Two research strategies that have received increasing scholarly attention recently in IS are design science research (DSR) and the grounded theory method (GTM). In this paper, we conduct a systematic comparison of the most salient characteristics of both research strategies to identify the differences as well as possible complementary uses in a pluralistic research design.
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Creative Thinking to Design Students As Future-Proofing 1
    Teaching creative thinking to design students as future-proofing 1 TEACHING CREATIVE THINKING TO DESIGN STUDENTS AS FUTURE- PROOFING Donald J A Welch Design Department, Griffith University Queensland College of Art, South Bank campus, Brisbane, Australia. [email protected] ABSTRACT: In place of inevitable social chaos and planetary degradation, meta-design offers a new framework for the future of humanity. Meta-design expands the concept of design, and the designer, and implicates society as a whole in the process of producing a designed future. An essential ingredient in discovering new ways to deal with existing and as yet unknown aspects of our present predicament is creativity. This paper considers how design students may be encouraged to develop their creativity through appropriate training and to widen individual understanding not only of what they are personally capable of achieving but also of their position in society. How the brain creates new patterns of thinking through ideational code switching and contextual focus is considered in relation to appropriate methods of engendering creative conceptualisation. It concludes by briefly sketching how design education might respond in terms of curriculum development to what is an increasingly urgent predicament of unsustainablity Keywords: Design Education, Creativity, Meta-design INTRODUCTION Within the context of an increasingly dysfunctional economic system, this paper considers the position of the design profession as an adjunct to business and how meta-design points the way towards a remodeling of this relationship, and even changing the global framework in which design operates. Education is a key factor since it has the capacity to develop new understandings and fresh ideas by nurturing creativity, yet education is complicit in delineating acceptable limits to creativity, boundaries that are set by dominant political and commercial interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Approach to Product Design and Development Process, And
    İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 8, Sayı 1, 2007, 43-67 STRATEGIC APPROACH TO PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS, AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN PRACTICES Aykut Berber *, İbrahim Aksel ** ABSTRACT Emerging economies face international competition and moreover, similar technology applies to organizations in the relevant industry. Therefore companies must strive to keep their market positions or create new business opportunities. Novel and innovative strategies are required in either case, which depends on differentiation in the market. Recognized as a value for sustainable competitive advantage and commercial success, industrial design (ID) has an essential role. This paper proposes that strategic approach to product design and development process is beneficial for the effectiveness of ID practices. Context of the research in the study is divided into two sections. The first section derived from a study previously conducted in Poland and aimed to observe whether Turkish companies recognized ID as a strategic tool for differentiation. A comparison of the results was made with the results obtained in Poland. The second section of the research context focuses on Turkish companies. To explore how strategic approach to product design and development process impacts on ID practices; factors and hypotheses were generated through principal components analysis prior to regression analysis to analyze the relationship. 198 companies from textile, furniture, and home appliances industries took part in the research. Major indications of the research show that strategic effect of teamwork has a central role in effective ID practices. Keywords: Industrial Design, Strategic Innovation, Product Development ÜRÜN TASARIM VE GELİŞTİRME SÜRECİNE STRATEJİK YAKLAŞIM VE ENDÜSTRİYEL TASARIM FAALİYETLERİNİN ETKİNLİĞİ ÖZET Gelişmekte olan ekonomilerdeki işletmeler, hiç kuşkusuz bir yandan uluslararası rekabet koşullarıyla öte yandan aynı alanda faaliyet gösteren diğer işletmelerin aynı teknolojiyi kullanmasının yaygınlaşmasıyla mücadele etmek durumundadır.
    [Show full text]